Mink pellet feed capable of enhancing immunity and reducing body fat level

Abstract

The invention discloses a mink pellet feed capable of enhancing immunity and reducing body fat level, and relates to the technical field of mink feed preparation, the mink pellet feed comprises the following raw materials by mass: 25%-40% of puffed corn, 10%-30% of puffed soybean meal, 3%-7% of alcohol meal, 10%-15% of fish meal, 10%-17% of meat and bone meal, 3%-8% of feather meal, 0.5%-2% of yeast powder, 0.5%-2% of a premix, and 2%-10% of vegetable oil. Through reasonable formula design, growth and development of the minks are promoted, and the mink feed has the effects of reducing blood fat and enhancing immunity of the minks.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the mink feed preparation technical field, especially to a mink granular feed capable of enhancing immunity and reducing body fat level. BACKGROUND

[0002] Mink skin has the characteristics of toughness, thinness, fine and thick fur, large spread, and light and elegant color tone, and is a precious high-grade raw material skin in fur. The purpose of large-scale breeding of mink is to collect mink skin.

[0003] Therefore, during feeding, breeders will deliberately use some high-calorie, easy-to-eat, and easy-to-absorb meat paste feed to achieve the purpose of "rapid fattening". At the current stage, although there are a few reports of mink granular feed, and the effect is similar to that of meat paste feed, breeders still choose to use semi-liquid meat paste as the daily ration of mink due to cost, ease of availability, and other factors. Most mink farms can achieve the purpose of fattening in a short time, and the weight of the mink is more than twice that of normal mink of the same age. In this way, the skin area of the mink will be more than 1.5 times that of normal mink, and the purpose of breeding, increasing production, and increasing income can be achieved. However, this breeding method completely ignores "animal welfare" and does not conform to the concept of "green breeding and healthy breeding". Most mink in mink farms are in a "sick" state of life.

[0004] The existing meat paste feed is usually in a semi-paste state, similar to a liquid diet, which does not match the feeding habits of mink. Over time, the sharp teeth of mink will degenerate, which may have little effect on fattening mink (killing mink for skin at the end of the year) in the short term, but will lead to variation after N generations for breeding mink. Moreover, most mink fed with meat paste have metabolic disorders, and are accompanied by cardiovascular and fatty liver diseases.

[0005] However, the cost of the existing mink granular feed is high, and the effect of enhancing immunity and reducing body fat level is poor.

[0006] Therefore, how to provide a granular feed that can replace meat paste and is scientifically formulated and beneficial to the health of mink is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0007] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a mink granular feed capable of enhancing immunity and reducing body fat level, overcoming the defects of meat paste feed in the prior art that leads to high body fat and metabolic disorders in mink, and being capable of reasonably formulating the proportions of protein, fat, and carbohydrates, adjusting to a suitable energy level, adding a comprehensive system of trace elements and vitamins in premix, and containing antioxidants (V E , V C, Se) and intestinal health regulators (oligofructose, sodium butyrate, glutamine), the addition of oligofructose, sodium butyrate, glutamine can regulate the balance of flora, maintain intestinal mucosa health, and affect lipid metabolism through the intestinal-liver axis, enhance the body's immunity.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A mink pellet feed capable of enhancing immunity and reducing body fat level, comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

[0010] 25%-40% of puffed corn, 10%-30% of puffed soybean meal, 3%-7% of alcohol dregs, 10%-15% of fish meal, 10%-17% of meat and bone meal, 3%-8% of feather meal, 0.5%-2% of yeast powder, 0.5%-2% of premix, and 2%-10% of vegetable oil, and the sum of the raw materials is equal to 100%.

[0011] Preferably, the vegetable oil comprises at least one of soybean oil, corn oil and peanut oil.

[0012] Preferably, the premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 4-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-3 parts of copper sulfate, 2-3 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.5-1 part of potassium iodide, 0.5-1 part of sodium selenite, 0.5-1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1-2 parts of sodium butyrate, 0.5-1 part of oligofructose, 0.5-1.5 parts of glutamine, 4-5 parts of vitamin A, 1-1.5 parts of vitamin D3, 4-5 parts of vitamin E, 0.5-1 part of vitamin K3, 0.5-1 part of thiamine, 0.5-1 part of riboflavin, 1-2 parts of pyridoxal, 1-2 parts of nicotinic acid, 2-3 parts of calcium pantothenate, 0.1-0.5 parts of biotin, 0.1-0.3 parts of folic acid, 5-6 parts of vitamin C, and 50-55 parts of zeolite powder.

[0013] Another object of the present application is to provide a preparation method of the mink pellet feed capable of enhancing immunity and reducing body fat level, comprising the following steps:

[0014] (1) weighing each component raw material according to the proportion;

[0015] (2) stirring and mixing the puffed corn, the puffed soybean meal and the alcohol dregs to obtain a masterbatch A;

[0016] (3) stirring and mixing the fish meal, the meat and bone meal and the feather meal to obtain a masterbatch B;

[0017] (4) Mix Master A and Master B together, add yeast powder, premix and vegetable oil, and mix again to form Master C. Place Master C into an extrusion pellet mill and granulate at 110-120℃. Then transfer it to a sterilizer and sterilize at 120-125℃ and 100-110kPa for 15-20 minutes. Cool to room temperature to obtain mink pellet feed.

[0018] Preferably, the stirring speed in step (2) is 800-1000 rpm and the stirring time is 5-6 min.

[0019] Preferably, the stirring speed in step (3) is 300-500 rpm and the stirring time is 8-10 min.

[0020] Preferably, in step (4), the stirring speeds for the two stirring operations are 1000-1500 rpm and the stirring time is 4-10 min.

[0021] Preferably, the mink pellet feed in step (4) has a particle size of 4-4.5 mm.

[0022] A third objective of this invention is to provide the application of the pelleted feed in functional foods for mink; the functional foods are health products with the function of assisting in lowering blood lipids.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This invention produces pelleted feed through a rational formula design. The extruded soybean meal, extruded corn, fish meal, and premix in this feed can synergistically promote the growth and development of mink and have the effects of lowering blood lipids and enhancing immunity.

[0025] The pelleted feed of this invention can be produced in a standardized manner, and can be sterilized while being pressed, without carrying various unknown pathogens from minced meat feed, thus reducing the risk of disease transmission through the mouth.

[0026] The pelleted feed of this invention not only comprehensively improves animal health, but also has high digestibility and utilization rate, and its metabolic waste degrades quickly after excretion, making it environmentally friendly. Compared with fresh meat paste, pelleted feed reduces sensory stimulation to animals, keeping them away from stress.

[0027] In summary, pelleted feed improves mink husbandry and management from multiple perspectives, including nutrition, environment, disease, and mental state, which aligns with the development trend of the aquaculture industry. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. In the specific embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials are all commonly purchased in the art.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A type of mink pellet feed that can enhance immunity and reduce body fat levels.

[0031] The raw materials for mink pellet feed are as follows, based on the weight percentage: 30% extruded corn, 22% extruded soybean meal, 5% alcohol meal, 15% fish meal, 15% meat and bone meal, 6% feather meal, 1% yeast powder, 1% premix, and 5% vegetable oil (soybean oil). The extruded corn and extruded soybean meal should be ground to a particle size that passes through a 1.5mm sieve.

[0032] The premixed feed ingredients are as follows: 5 parts zinc sulfate, 5 parts ferrous sulfate, 3 parts copper sulfate, 3 parts manganese sulfate, 0.5 parts potassium iodide, 0.5 parts sodium selenite, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 1 part sodium butyrate, 1 part fructooligosaccharide, 1 part glutamine, 5 parts vitamin A, 1 part vitamin D3, 5 parts vitamin E, 1 part vitamin K3, 1 part thiamine, 1 part riboflavin, 1 part pyridoxine, 2 parts niacin, 3 parts calcium pantothenate, 0.1 part biotin, 0.1 part folic acid, 5 parts vitamin C, and 53.8 parts zeolite powder.

[0033] The preparation method of this pelleted feed is as follows:

[0034] (1) Weigh each component raw material according to the proportion;

[0035] (2) Mix puffed corn, puffed soybean meal, and alcohol meal at 800 rpm for 6 minutes to obtain masterbatch A;

[0036] (3) Mix fish meal, meat and bone meal and feather meal at 300 rpm for 10 min to obtain masterbatch B;

[0037] (4) Mix Master A and Master B at 1000 rpm for 4 min. Add yeast powder, premix, and vegetable oil. Mix at 1000 rpm for 4 min to form Master C. Place Master C into an extrusion pellet mill and pellet at 120°C. Then transfer it to a sterilizer and sterilize at 121°C, 110 kPa for 20 min. Cool to room temperature to obtain mink pellet feed with a pellet size of 4-4.5 mm.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A type of mink pellet feed that can enhance immunity and reduce body fat levels.

[0040] The ingredients for mink pellet feed, by weight percentage, are as follows: 40% extruded corn, 10% extruded soybean meal, 3% alcohol meal, 20% fish meal, 10% meat and bone meal, 3% feather meal, 2% yeast powder, 2% premix, and 10% vegetable oil (soybean oil).

[0041] The premixed feed ingredients are as follows: 5 parts zinc sulfate, 5 parts ferrous sulfate, 3 parts copper sulfate, 3 parts manganese sulfate, 0.5 parts potassium iodide, 0.5 parts sodium selenite, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 1 part sodium butyrate, 1 part fructooligosaccharide, 1 part glutamine, 5 parts vitamin A, 1 part vitamin D3, 5 parts vitamin E, 1 part vitamin K3, 1 part thiamine, 1 part riboflavin, 1 part pyridoxine, 2 parts niacin, 3 parts calcium pantothenate, 0.1 part biotin, 0.1 part folic acid, 5 parts vitamin C, and 53.8 parts zeolite powder.

[0042] The preparation method of this pelleted feed is the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] A type of mink pellet feed that can enhance immunity and reduce body fat levels.

[0045] The ingredients for mink pellet feed, by weight percentage, are as follows: 25% extruded corn, 30% extruded soybean meal, 7% alcohol meal, 10% fish meal, 17% meat and bone meal, 8% feather meal, 0.5% yeast powder, 0.5% premix, and 2% vegetable oil (soybean oil).

[0046] The premixed feed ingredients are as follows: 5 parts zinc sulfate, 5 parts ferrous sulfate, 3 parts copper sulfate, 3 parts manganese sulfate, 0.5 parts potassium iodide, 0.5 parts sodium selenite, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 1 part sodium butyrate, 1 part fructooligosaccharide, 1 part glutamine, 5 parts vitamin A, 1 part vitamin D3, 5 parts vitamin E, 1 part vitamin K3, 1 part thiamine, 1 part riboflavin, 1 part pyridoxine, 2 parts niacin, 3 parts calcium pantothenate, 0.1 part biotin, 0.1 part folic acid, 5 parts vitamin C, and 53.8 parts zeolite powder.

[0047] The preparation method of this pelleted feed is the same as in Example 1.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] The mink growth supplement feed prepared according to the method of Example 1 in the patent application document with publication number CN104855688A was mixed with fresh feed at a mass ratio of 1:4 to obtain mink feed.

[0050] The fresh feed is a meat paste feed (semi-liquid feed), and its raw materials by weight percentage are as follows: fish fillets 20%, mackerel 5%, small miscellaneous fish 18%, chicken carcasses 20%, chicken liver 15%, chicken heads 10%, extruded corn 10%, soybean meal 1%, and premix 1%.

[0051] The premix ingredients are as follows: 5 parts Vitamin A, 1 part Vitamin D, 4 parts Vitamin E, 1 part Vitamin K, 1 part Vitamin B1, 2 parts Vitamin B2, 1 part Vitamin B6, and 1 part Vitamin B2. 120.2 parts, niacin 2 parts, pantothenic acid 2 parts, folic acid 0.2 parts, biotin 0.1 parts, choline chloride 0.2 parts, iron 5 parts, copper 2 parts, zinc 5 parts, manganese 3 parts, iodine 0.5 parts, selenium 0.5 parts, lysine 6 parts, methionine 3.3 parts, zeolite powder 55 parts.

[0052] Comparative Example 2

[0053] Feed prepared according to the method of Example 2 in patent application publication number CN105918616A.

[0054] Comparative Example 3

[0055] A mink pellet feed that can enhance immunity and reduce body fat levels. The raw materials are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that, compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 3 removes the extruded corn and replaces it with equal amounts of extruded soybean meal and fish meal. Specifically, the extruded soybean meal is 37% and the fish meal is 30%, while the content of the remaining components remains unchanged. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0056] Comparative Example 4

[0057] A mink pellet feed that can enhance immunity and reduce body fat levels. The raw materials are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that, compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 4 removes the extruded soybean meal and replaces it with an equal amount of extruded corn and fish meal. Specifically, the extruded corn is 41% and the fish meal is 26%, while the content of the remaining components remains unchanged. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 5

[0059] A mink pellet feed that can enhance immunity and reduce body fat levels. The raw materials are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that, compared with Example 1, fishmeal is removed in Comparative Example 5 and replaced with equal amounts of extruded corn and extruded soybean meal. Specifically, the extruded corn is 37% and the extruded soybean meal is 30%, while the content of the remaining components remains unchanged. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 6

[0061] A mink pellet feed that can enhance immunity and reduce body fat levels. The raw materials are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that, compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 6 reduces the amount of extruded soybean meal to 5% and increases the amount of extruded corn to 57%, while the content of other components remains unchanged; the preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Verification of the function of commercially available minced meat feed, Example 1, and Comparative Examples 1-6:

[0063] ① Experimental Design: Forty-eight 4-month-old minks were divided into 8 groups of 6. Blood and fecal samples were collected from all minks in each group and preserved. All minks were then weighed and the weights recorded. Finally, each group of minks was treated as follows:

[0064] Group A: Feed minced meat feed, refer to Table 1 for feeding amount.

[0065] The composition and proportion of meat-minced feed (semi-liquid feed) are referenced in Comparative Example 1.

[0066] Group B: Feed the pelleted feed of Example 1, with the feeding amount as shown in Table 1.

[0067] Table 1. Relationship between feed intake and age when feeding different feeds (unit: grams / day)

[0068]

[0069] Group C: fed the same feed as Group A; feed amount as Group A.

[0070] Group D: fed the same feed as Group A; feed amount as Group A.

[0071] Group E: fed the same feed as Group B (comparison ratio 3); feed amount was the same as Group B.

[0072] Group F: fed the same feed as Group B (comparison ratio 4); feed amount was the same as Group B.

[0073] Group G: fed with the same feed as Group B (comparison ratio 5); feed amount was the same as Group B.

[0074] Group H: fed with the same feed as Group B; feed amount as Group B.

[0075] Maintain consistent daily lighting and feeding environment. During weeks 4, 8, and 16 of feeding, collect blood, intestinal contents, skin, organs, and other tissues from two minks in each group, weigh the minks, and detect and record changes in various physiological and biochemical indicators.

[0076] The initial weight of each group of mink, as well as their weights at weeks 4, 8, and 16 of feeding, are shown in Table 2.

[0077] Table 2. Effects of feed on mink body weight (n=6)

[0078]

[0079] Different lowercase letters in the same row heading indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences (P<0.01).

[0080] Table 2 shows that there were no significant differences in the initial weight and 4-week-old weight of the eight groups of animals (p>0.05). With prolonged rearing, at 8 weeks of age, the average weight of the minced meat-fed group (Group A) was significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05), while Group B was significantly higher than Groups C, D, E, F, G, and H (p>0.05). At 16 weeks of age, Group A's weight was higher than the other groups (p<0.01), Group B's weight was significantly higher than Groups C, D, E, F, and G (p>0.05), and Group B's weight was highly significantly higher than Group H (p<0.01). During slaughter, a large amount of fat was found accumulated in the subcutaneous tissue, mesentery, and around the reproductive organs of Group A animals, indicating obesity.

[0081] Table 3 shows the levels of blood routine parameters in mink from different treatment groups at week 16 of feeding.

[0082] Table 3. Effects of pelleted feed on complete blood count in mink (n=6)

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Table 3 shows that compared with group A, group B had lower levels of white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count, which reflect the body's inflammatory response (P>0.05), indicating that excessive fat deposition led to chronic inflammation. Compared with groups C, D, E, F, G, and H, group B also had lower inflammatory indicators (P>0.05), indicating that a reasonable nutritional balance can promote the body's health. Compared with all other groups, group B had higher hemoglobin content, red blood cell count, and hematocrit, with hemoglobin content reaching a significant level (P<0.05), indicating that mink fed with pelleted feed had a strong blood oxygen-carrying capacity.

[0086] The results of blood biochemical analysis of mink in each group are shown in Table 4.

[0087] Table 4. Effects of pelleted feed on mink blood biochemistry (n=6)

[0088]

[0089] Different lowercase letters in the same row heading indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences (P<0.01).

[0090] Table 4 shows that the mink in group B had higher levels of globulin, total protein, and albumin than other groups, with globulin content reaching a significant level (P < 0.05), indicating that standardized pelleted feed is beneficial for protein metabolism and improves immunity. Group B had lower total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than other groups, with cholesterol content reaching a significant level (P < 0.01), which explains why group A was overweight and obese due to hyperlipidemia. Group B had the lowest blood glucose level, similar to groups A, C, D, and E (P > 0.05), while groups F, G, and H showed significantly elevated blood glucose levels (P < 0.01), with group H having the highest blood glucose level, exceeding the normal range. There was no significant difference in total carbon dioxide levels among the groups (P > 0.05), indicating similar lung function. There was no significant difference in calcium and phosphorus content among the groups (P > 0.05), indicating similar mineral metabolism.

[0091] The results of blood immune factor analysis of mink in each group after 16 weeks of feeding are shown in Table 5.

[0092] Table 5. Effects of pelleted feed on the immune function of mink (n=6)

[0093]

[0094] Different lowercase letters in the same row heading indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences (P<0.01).

[0095] As shown in Table 5, pelleted feed can comprehensively improve the immunity of mink. The contents of IgG, IgA and IgM in group B are higher than those in other groups, with the IgG content reaching a significant level (P<0.05), while the contents of various immune factors are lower than those in other groups but do not reach a significant level (P>0.05).

[0096] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mink pellet feed that can enhance immunity and reduce body fat levels, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following weight percentages: The ingredients are: 25%-40% puffed corn, 10%-30% puffed soybean meal, 3%-7% alcohol meal, 10%-15% fish meal, 10%-17% meat and bone meal, 3%-8% feather meal, 0.5%-2% yeast powder, 0.5%-2% premix, and 2%-10% vegetable oil, with the total amount of the ingredients equal to 100%.

2. The mink pellet feed that enhances immunity and reduces body fat levels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vegetable oil includes at least one of soybean oil, corn oil, and peanut oil.

3. The mink pellet feed that enhances immunity and reduces body fat levels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-5 parts zinc sulfate, 4-5 parts ferrous sulfate, 2-3 parts copper sulfate, 2-3 parts manganese sulfate, 0.5-1 parts potassium iodide, 0.5-1 parts sodium selenite, 0.5-1 parts dicalcium phosphate, 1-2 parts sodium butyrate, 0.5-1 parts fructooligosaccharides, 0.5-1.5 parts glutamine, 4-5 parts vitamin A, 1-1.5 parts vitamin D3, 4-5 parts vitamin E, 0.5-1 parts vitamin K3, 0.5-1 parts thiamine, 0.5-1 parts riboflavin, 1-2 parts pyridoxine, 1-2 parts niacin, 2-3 parts calcium pantothenate, 0.1-0.5 parts biotin, 0.1-0.3 parts folic acid, 5-6 parts vitamin C, and 50-55 parts zeolite powder.

4. The method for preparing mink pellet feed that enhances immunity and reduces body fat levels according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Weigh each component raw material according to the proportion; (2) Mix puffed corn, puffed soybean meal, and alcohol meal to obtain masterbatch A; (3) Mix fish meal, meat and bone meal and feather meal to obtain masterbatch B; (4) Mix Master A and Master B together, add yeast powder, premix and vegetable oil, and mix again to form Master C. Place Master C into an extrusion pellet mill and granulate at 110-120℃. Then transfer it to a sterilizer and sterilize at 120-125℃ and 100-110kPa for 15-20 minutes. Cool to room temperature to obtain mink pellet feed.

5. The method for preparing mink pellet feed that enhances immunity and reduces body fat levels according to claim 4, characterized in that, The stirring speed in step (2) is 800-1000 rpm, and the stirring time is 5-6 min.

6. The method for preparing mink pellet feed that enhances immunity and reduces body fat levels according to claim 4, characterized in that, The stirring speed in step (3) is 300-500 rpm, and the stirring time is 8-10 min.

7. The method for preparing mink pellet feed that enhances immunity and reduces body fat levels according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (4), the stirring speed is 1000-1500 rpm for the two stirring sessions, and the stirring time is 4-10 min.

8. The method for preparing mink pellet feed that enhances immunity and reduces body fat levels according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mink pellet feed in step (4) has a particle size of 4.0-4.5 mm.

9. The application of the mink pellet feed that enhances immunity and reduces body fat levels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pelleted feed is used to prepare functional foods for mink; the functional foods are health products with the function of assisting in lowering blood lipids.

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