Low-voltage power supply distribution system and vehicle

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a low-voltage power distribution system and a vehicle, and the low-voltage power distribution system is characterized in that the input end of a main DCDC junction box is electrically connected with an electric drive power supply, and the output end of the main DCDC junction box is electrically connected with a forecabin electric appliance box, a first vehicle body domain controller assembly, a main storage battery and a first load set through the main junction box; the main storage battery has a first power supply state and a first power-off state; the input end of the auxiliary DCDC junction box is electrically connected with the electric drive power source, the output end of the auxiliary DCDC junction box is electrically connected with the second vehicle body domain controller assembly, the auxiliary storage battery and the second load set through the auxiliary junction box, and part of components in the second load set are the same as part of components in the first load set. The auxiliary storage battery has a second power supply state and a second power off state. The technical problem that a low-voltage power supply distribution system is poor in design safety is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of power distribution, and more specifically, to a low-voltage power distribution system and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the complexity and functionality of vehicle electrical systems are increasing, especially with the popularization of driver assistance systems and intelligent connected technologies, which makes the requirements for low-voltage power distribution systems more stringent.

[0003] Currently, power distribution system designs typically employ a single power path or a simple dual power path, failing to fully consider the high standards of power redundancy, safety, and reliability required in advanced driver assistance scenarios. If the main power supply circuit fails, such as a short circuit or overload, the entire power system may fail, affecting the normal operation of the driver assistance system.

[0004] There is currently no good solution to the technical problem of poor safety in the design of low-voltage power distribution systems in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a low-voltage power distribution system and a vehicle to at least solve the technical problem of poor safety in the design of low-voltage power distribution systems.

[0006] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a low-voltage power distribution system is provided, comprising: an electric drive power supply; a main DC-DC junction box, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to the electric drive power supply, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to a front compartment electrical box, a first body domain controller assembly, a main battery, and a first load set via the main junction box; the main battery having a first power-on state electrically connected to the front compartment electrical box, the first body domain controller assembly, and the first load set, and a first power-off state electrically disconnected from the front compartment electrical box, the first body domain controller assembly, and the first load set; and a secondary DC-DC junction box, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to the electric drive power supply, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to a second body domain controller assembly, a secondary battery, and a second load set via the secondary junction box; some components in the second load set are the same as some components in the first load set; the secondary battery having a second power-on state electrically connected to the second body domain controller assembly, the secondary battery, and the second load set, and a second power-off state electrically disconnected from the second body domain controller assembly, the secondary battery, and the second load set.

[0007] Furthermore, the electric drive power supply is electrically connected to the input terminals of the main DC-DC junction box and the auxiliary DC-DC junction box respectively through an automatic protection switch, so that the electric drive power supply can independently supply power to the main DC-DC junction box and the auxiliary DC-DC junction box through the automatic protection switch.

[0008] Furthermore, both the first load set and the second load set include at least: a generator module, a service brake module, an electric power steering module, a collision unlocking module, and a driver assistance module.

[0009] Furthermore, the first vehicle domain controller component includes a right front domain controller and a rear domain controller, and the second vehicle domain controller component includes a left front domain controller. The right front domain controller, the rear domain controller, and the left front domain controller each include at least Class A loads, Class B loads, and Class C loads. Class A loads are constantly powered loads, Class B loads are loads with electronic fuses, and Class C loads are loads with driver chips.

[0010] Furthermore, the front compartment electrical box includes at least Class D loads, Class E loads, Class F loads, and Class G loads. Class D loads are loads with MIDI fuses, Class E loads are loads with MCASE fuses, Class F loads are loads with MICRO fuses, and Class G loads are MICRO loads with relays.

[0011] Furthermore, the second vehicle domain controller assembly includes an instrument cluster box, the load of which is a load with an MCASE fuse.

[0012] Furthermore, the electric drive power supply is connected to the input terminal of the main DC-DC junction box via the first power bus. The output terminal of the main DC-DC junction box is electrically connected to the main junction box via the second power bus. The main junction box is connected to the front compartment electrical box, the first body domain controller assembly, and the first load set one by one via multiple third power buses. The first power bus is made of copper, while the second and third power buses are both made of aluminum.

[0013] Furthermore, the electric drive power supply is connected to the input terminal of the auxiliary DC-DC junction box via the fourth power bus. The output terminal of the auxiliary DC-DC junction box is electrically connected to the auxiliary junction box via the fifth power bus. The auxiliary junction box is connected to the second body domain controller assembly, the auxiliary battery, and the second load set one by one via multiple sixth power buses. The fourth power bus is made of copper, while the fifth and sixth power buses are both made of aluminum.

[0014] Furthermore, both the main junction box and the auxiliary junction box are equipped with fuses.

[0015] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a vehicle is also provided, the vehicle including the low-voltage power distribution system described above.

[0016] In this embodiment, the electric drive power supply, main DC-DC junction box, main junction box, front compartment electrical box, first body domain controller assembly, main battery, and first load set are connected to form power supply path A. The electric drive power supply, auxiliary DC-DC junction box, auxiliary junction box, second body domain controller assembly, auxiliary battery, and second load set are connected to form power supply path B. Power supply paths A and B are powered independently. When power supply path A fails, power supply path A can be disconnected and the main battery can be used for power supply. When power supply path B fails, power supply path B can be disconnected and the auxiliary battery can be used for power supply. That is, the power supply path is divided, reducing the load on each power supply path, thereby reducing the risk of failure of each power supply path due to excessive load. At the same time, the battery power supply serves as a redundant power supply path for each power supply path. The first load set and the second load set have an intersection, that is, some key modules, in addition to using the battery for redundant power supply, also use power supply path A or power supply path B as dual redundancy power supply, further improving the power supply safety of some key modules. The aforementioned low-voltage power distribution system employs dual circuits for independent power supply, reducing the load on each power supply path. Simultaneously, it uses battery power as a redundant power supply path, thereby reducing power supply risks and solving the technical problem of poor safety in the design of low-voltage power distribution systems. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the topology of the low-voltage power distribution system in this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the low-voltage power distribution system in this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure inside the main junction box in this application;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure inside the sub-junction box in this application;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure inside the front cabin electrical box in this application;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure inside the instrument electrical box in this application;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure within the left front domain controller in this application;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure within the right front domain controller in this application;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure within the rear domain controller in this application;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of the automatic protection switch in this application;

[0028] Figure 11 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the front compartment electrical box in this application;

[0029] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the front compartment electrical box body in this application;

[0030] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the front compartment electrical box body in this application;

[0031] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the instrument electrical box in this application;

[0032] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the instrument electrical box in this application;

[0033] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the main distribution box in this application;

[0034] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the main distribution box in this application;

[0035] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the sub-distribution box in this application;

[0036] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sub-distribution box in this application;

[0037] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second power bus and the fifth power bus in this application;

[0038] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third power bus in this application;

[0039] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sixth power bus in this application;

[0040] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first power bus and the fourth power bus in this application;

[0041] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the main DC-DC junction box in this application;

[0042] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the main DC-DC junction box in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0044] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0045] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, for clarity, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals are used to denote the same devices, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0046] Combination Figures 1 to 25 As shown, according to a specific embodiment of this application, a low-voltage power distribution system is provided.

[0047] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a low-voltage power distribution system is provided, comprising: an electric drive power supply; a main DC-DC junction box, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to the electric drive power supply, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to a front compartment electrical box, a first body domain controller assembly, a main battery, and a first load set via the main junction box; the main battery having a first power-on state electrically connected to the front compartment electrical box, the first body domain controller assembly, and the first load set, and a first power-off state electrically disconnected from the front compartment electrical box, the first body domain controller assembly, and the first load set; and a secondary DC-DC junction box, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to the electric drive power supply, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to a second body domain controller assembly, a secondary battery, and a second load set via the secondary junction box; some components in the second load set are the same as some components in the first load set; the secondary battery having a second power-on state electrically connected to the second body domain controller assembly, the secondary battery, and the second load set, and a second power-off state electrically disconnected from the second body domain controller assembly, the secondary battery, and the second load set.

[0048] In this embodiment, the electric drive power supply, main DC-DC junction box, main junction box, front compartment electrical box, first body domain controller assembly, main battery, and first load set are connected to form power supply path A. The electric drive power supply, auxiliary DC-DC junction box, auxiliary junction box, second body domain controller assembly, auxiliary battery, and second load set are connected to form power supply path B. Power supply paths A and B are powered independently. When power supply path A fails, power supply path A can be disconnected and the main battery can be used for power supply. When power supply path B fails, power supply path B can be disconnected and the auxiliary battery can be used for power supply. That is, the power supply path is divided, reducing the load on each power supply path, thereby reducing the risk of failure of each power supply path due to excessive load. At the same time, the battery power supply serves as a redundant power supply path for each power supply path. The first load set and the second load set have an intersection, that is, some key modules, in addition to using the battery for redundant power supply, also use power supply path A or power supply path B as dual redundancy power supply, further improving the power supply safety of some key modules. The aforementioned low-voltage power distribution system employs dual circuits for independent power supply, reducing the load on each power supply path. Simultaneously, it uses battery power as a redundant power supply path, thereby reducing power supply risks and solving the technical problem of poor safety in the design of low-voltage power distribution systems.

[0049] Furthermore, the electric drive power supply is electrically connected to the input terminals of the main DC-DC junction box and the auxiliary DC-DC junction box respectively through an automatic protection switch, so that the electric drive power supply can independently supply power to the main DC-DC junction box and the auxiliary DC-DC junction box through the automatic protection switch.

[0050] In the embodiments of this application, the electric drive power supply provides independent power to the main DC-DC junction box and the auxiliary DC-DC junction box through an automatic protection switch. The automatic protection switch can quickly cut off the power supply to the faulty path when it detects abnormal conditions such as short circuit or overload in the A or B power supply path, without affecting the normal operation of the other path. While ensuring power supply, it effectively prevents the spread of faults in the power system and improves the stability and safety of the entire system.

[0051] like Figure 10 The diagram shows the internal circuit structure of the automatic protection switch, consisting of three power switching transistors and a control circuit. The three power switching transistors are a first power switching transistor, a second power switching transistor, and a third power switching transistor. The first and second power switching transistors are connected in parallel. The first power switching transistor controls the on / off state of power supply path A, and the second power switching transistor controls the on / off state of power supply path B. The third power switching transistor is connected in series with the first and second power switching transistors. The third power switching transistor strengthens fault isolation; that is, in extreme cases, such as when different types of faults occur simultaneously in power supply paths A and B, the third power switching transistor can act as an additional protection layer, disconnecting the entire circuit to prevent further deterioration of the fault and protect the safety of the vehicle and passengers.

[0052] Furthermore, both the first load set and the second load set include at least: a generator module, a service brake module, an electric power steering module, a collision unlocking module, and a driver assistance module.

[0053] In the embodiments of this application, the generator module, service brake module, electric power steering module, collision unlocking module, and driver assistance module are directly related to driving safety. Including these modules in two load sets ensures that even if one power path fails, these modules can still obtain a stable power supply, thereby greatly enhancing the vehicle's safety performance in emergency situations.

[0054] Specifically, the electric drive power supply, main DC-DC junction box, main junction box, front compartment electrical box, first body domain controller assembly, main battery, and first load set are connected to form power supply path A. The electric drive power supply, auxiliary DC-DC junction box, auxiliary junction box, second body domain controller assembly, auxiliary battery, and second load set are connected to form power supply path B. Power supply paths A and B are powered independently. When power supply path A fails, the generator module, service brake module, electric power steering module, collision unlocking module, and driver assistance module draw power from power supply path B. When power supply path B fails, the generator module, service brake module, electric power steering module, collision unlocking module, and driver assistance module draw power from power supply path A. When both power supply paths A and B fail, the generator module, service brake module, electric power steering module, collision unlocking module, and driver assistance module can draw power from either the main battery or auxiliary battery.

[0055] Furthermore, the first vehicle domain controller component includes a right front domain controller and a rear domain controller, and the second vehicle domain controller component includes a left front domain controller. The right front domain controller, the rear domain controller, and the left front domain controller each include at least Class A loads, Class B loads, and Class C loads. Class A loads are constantly powered loads, Class B loads are loads with electronic fuses, and Class C loads are loads with driver chips.

[0056] In the embodiments of this application, the right front domain controller and the left front domain controller are located on two different power supply paths, avoiding intersections in the wiring and making the wiring of each power supply path clearer, thus facilitating installation and maintenance. The body domain controller provides a constant power supply scheme, a driver chip power supply scheme, and an electronic fuse power supply scheme. This not only significantly reduces wiring harness winding and the risk of poor wiring harness contact, reduces the number of electrical boxes, and improves the integration of the power distribution system, but also helps to reduce power supply risks within the cabin, enriching the vehicle's power distribution schemes and meeting the increasing power supply needs of electrical modules in new energy vehicles.

[0057] It should be noted that constant power supply refers to circuits in the vehicle's power system that are continuously powered. Class A loads are modules that need to be always online and are crucial for safety and functional continuity, such as some sensors and vehicle status monitoring modules. Constant power supply ensures that Class A loads can operate before and after the vehicle is started, enhancing the overall safety and functionality of the vehicle. Especially when the vehicle is not fully started or stopped, it can monitor and prevent potential safety issues. Class B loads are powered by electronic fuses. Compared to traditional physical fuses, electronic fuses have better response speed and resettlement capability. When an overload or short circuit is detected, the electronic fuse can quickly cut off the current to prevent circuit damage. It also automatically restores power or resets via a control signal after the fault is cleared, avoiding the inconvenience of replacing physical fuses and improving system flexibility and maintenance efficiency. Class C loads are powered by driver chips. This power supply method not only provides precise current and voltage control but also dynamically adjusts the power supply strategy according to load requirements, achieving efficient power utilization. The use of driver chips allows the vehicle domain controller to manage and monitor loads more meticulously, reducing power supply risks and optimizing power distribution to adapt to changes in load requirements under different operating conditions.

[0058] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the electric drive generates electricity during vehicle operation and divides the power supply circuit into power supply path A and power supply path B through an automatic protection switch. If there is a fault in power supply path A or power supply path B, the automatic protection switch disconnects the faulty circuit and the battery provides power.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, the electric drive circuit A is connected to the main distribution box via the main DC-DC junction box. The main distribution box distributes the power supply current to the body domain controller 2, body domain controller 3, front compartment electrical box, main battery, and load set 5 via a bus. Load set 5 consists of the rear wheel steering module and integrated braking circuit A. Body domain controller 2 refers to the right front domain controller, and body domain controller 3 refers to the rear domain controller.

[0060] like Figure 8 , Figure 2As shown, the loads of the vehicle body domain control 2 include: domain control load 5, domain control load 6, domain control load 7, and domain control load 8. Domain control load 5 is powered by driver chip 3, and its main load modules include the front trunk, high and low frequency horns, left front door opening warning light, left blind spot indicator, left front Hall sensor, KL15 power supply for the entire vehicle (body / intelligent driving / cabin / chassis / powertrain / passive safety), left front turn signal, right front turn signal, high-mounted brake light, left front position light, left VIU backlight, airbag controller, three-way water valve, driver's seat ventilation, driver's M-link, left low beam headlight, left turn signal, right turn signal, driver's seat cushion + backrest heating, starry sky blind, windshield heating, left ambient lighting, and steering wheel heating modules. Domain control load 6 is constantly powered, and its load modules include the damper motor, thermal management high and low voltage PTs, and right exterior rearview mirror. Domain control load 7 is a light and rain sensor with electronic fuse. Domain control load 8 is the power distribution module for driver chip 1. The load modules are the right front door lock, right rear door central locking, glove box lock, passenger headrest, passenger seat motor, passenger seat adjustment motor, right rear door handle, right rear child lock, right rear window sunshade, right rear window, right front window and right rear door lock.

[0061] like Figure 9 , Figure 2 As shown, the loads of the vehicle body domain controller 3 include: domain controller load 9, domain controller load 10, domain controller load 11, and domain controller load 12. Domain controller load 9 is the power distribution module of the driver chip 2, and the load module is a thermal expansion valve. Domain control load 10 is the power distribution module for driver chip 3. The load modules include: front sunroof sunshade Hall sensor, right front welcome sill light, right rear window Hall sensor, right front window Hall sensor, warning light, license plate light, right blind spot indicator, right front dome light, left rear window Hall sensor, right exterior rearview mirror turn signal, right rear window Hall motor, right rearview mirror heating, right low beam headlight, electric air vent, right front roller blind starry sky ambient light, glove box lock, second row right dome light, left exterior rearview mirror ADS light, right front position light, right exterior rearview mirror ground light, interior light, right high beam headlight, glove box light, right projection welcome light, driver's seat ventilation, three-way water valve, passenger side M-LINK, second row right roller blind starry sky ambient light, headlight cooling two-tank water valve, front air conditioning UV sterilization UVC, right front hidden door handle LED light / ambient light, right front door handle capacitive switch, controller, and center and right ambient light modules. Domain-controlled load 11 is a continuously powered load, and its load modules are the rear refrigerant sensor and the charging port cover position sensor. Domain-controlled load 12 is a load with electronic fuse, and its load module is the tire pressure controller.

[0062] like Figure 4As shown, the electric drive B circuit is connected to the main junction box via the secondary DC-DC junction box. The secondary junction box distributes the power supply current to the secondary battery, body domain controller 1, instrument electrical box, and load set 6 via a bus. Load set 6 includes the integrated braking B circuit, braking redundancy A circuit, braking redundancy B circuit, and electric power steering. Body domain controller 1 is the left front domain controller.

[0063] like Figure 7 , Figure 2 As shown, the loads of the vehicle body domain control 1 include: domain control load 1, domain control load 2, domain control load 3, and domain control load 4. Domain control load 1 is a constantly powered module, and its main load modules include the left exterior rearview mirror, height sensor, compressor temperature and pressure sensor, accelerator pedal sensor, etc. Domain control load 2 is a WHUD module with electronic fuse. Domain control load 3 is a module powered by driver chip 1, and its main load modules include the left door lock, front hatch lock, left front door handle, heater three-way valve, driver's seat motor, passenger seat motor, nine-way valve auxiliary motor, CDC shock absorber valve, left exterior rearview mirror, nine-way valve main motor, special column motor, washer drive, and left front window motor, etc. Domain control load 4 is a load powered by driver chip 2, and its main load module is the damper motor module.

[0064] Furthermore, the front compartment electrical box includes at least Class D loads, Class E loads, Class F loads, and Class G loads. Class D loads are loads with MIDI fuses, Class E loads are loads with MCASE fuses, Class F loads are loads with MICRO fuses, and Class G loads are MICRO loads with relays.

[0065] In the embodiments of this application, by assigning different types of electrical appliances to their respective fuse types, more precise fault isolation can be achieved. Once a certain type of electrical appliance fails, the corresponding fuse will quickly disconnect, preventing the fault from spreading and protecting other electrical appliances and circuits from being affected, thus significantly improving the safety and reliability of the overall system.

[0066] It should be noted that MIDI fuses are suitable for medium-current circuit protection, applicable to appliances such as cooling fans and electric water pumps that require a certain amount of power but are not at their highest power levels. MCASE fuses provide a higher level of current protection, suitable for appliances with higher power requirements such as power amplifier modules and sliding door controllers. They can quickly respond to large currents in a short time, protecting the circuit from overload and short circuit damage, while also having good reusability, enhancing system stability and maintenance efficiency. MICRO fuses are suitable for circuit protection with very low currents, ideal for power supply lines of precision electronic equipment such as front motor oil pumps and radar. These fuses have high precision and fast disconnection capabilities, effectively protecting these sensitive appliances from the effects of instantaneous current fluctuations, ensuring long-term stable operation and functional integrity. Class G loads, based on MICRO fuses, add relay control, suitable for appliances requiring more flexible control and protection, such as USB interfaces and heater pumps. Relays can remotely control the circuit according to system commands or sensor signals. Combined with MICRO fuses, this not only provides circuit protection but also enhances the intelligence and flexibility of appliance control.

[0067] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the loads in the front compartment electrical box include: load set 1, load set 2, load set 3, and load set 4. Load set 1 consists of loads with MIDI fuses, and the power modules are the cooling fan and ECPM electric water pump. Load set 2 consists of loads with MCASE fuses, and the power modules are amplifier A-channel, right sliding door controller, MDC power supply A-channel, front wiper, and right front door power door controller. Load set 3 consists of loads with MICRO fuses, and the power modules are the front motor oil pump, alternator ISG and range extender EMS, right front headlight, diagnostic port, CPM A-channel power supply, brake switch, radar, right rear taillight, EMB ECU and EMBECU redundant module power supply, passenger screen and center console screen power supply, front drive motor controller, EMS and ESP power supply. Load set 4 is a MICRO load with relays. The power modules include front USB, second and third USB, backup power, heater water pump, battery water pump, two-way valve and three-way water valve, high-pressure heater, cooling fan, temperature and humidity sensor, negative ion generator, air supply unit, rear windshield heater, motor water pump, fuel pump assembly, EMS, ignition coil, front and rear oxygen sensors and fuel accessories.

[0068] like Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13As shown, the front compartment electrical box includes: a front compartment electrical box upper cover 1, a front compartment electrical box body 2, and a front compartment electrical box lower cover 3. The front compartment electrical box upper cover 1 and the front compartment electrical box lower cover 3 are connected to the front compartment electrical box body 2 by snap-fit. The front compartment electrical box body 2 is equipped with an MCASE fuse 2-1, a MICRO fuse 2-2, and a MASTER fuse 2-3. The front compartment electrical box body 2 is equipped with electronic fuses to protect electrical appliances and wires from damage and fire caused by overload or short circuit. The front compartment electrical box body 2 is also equipped with M6 posts 2-4 and M8 posts 2-5 for connecting large loads in the front compartment. The front compartment electrical box body 2 is also equipped with plastic tweezers 2-6 for replacing fuses. The front compartment electrical box body 2 is equipped with a relay 2-7 and a PCB 2-8.

[0069] Furthermore, the second vehicle domain controller assembly includes an instrument cluster box, the load of which is a load with an MCASE fuse.

[0070] It should be noted that the instrument electrical box is Figure 1 The IP electrical box is marked in the image.

[0071] In the embodiments of this application, the MCASE fuse is designed to provide precise current protection for electrical appliances in the dashboard area, such as the instrument display screen, air conditioning control panel, and some driver assistance information displays. These appliances typically require a stable medium-to-high current supply. The MCASE fuse can quickly respond to overload or short-circuit conditions, promptly cutting off the circuit to prevent damage to electrical appliances or fire risks caused by excessive current, thus ensuring the safe operation of electrical appliances in the dashboard area. Simultaneously, the instrument panel electrical box carries critical functions such as displaying vehicle status, driver assistance information, and alarm signals. Using the MCASE fuse ensures that these functions receive stable power support even under complex or extreme operating conditions, maintaining the continuity and accuracy of instrument panel functions. This is crucial for safe driving and can effectively avoid driving risks caused by abnormal instrument panel information display.

[0072] like Figure 6 , Figure 2As shown, the loads of the instrument cluster electrical box include load set 7 and load set 8. Load set 7 mainly includes: left front EMB, front blower, left sliding door controller, attack and defense B circuit, right front EM, MDC B circuit, left rear EMB, second-row seat controller, third-row seat controller, second-row sliding rail motor, second-row pre-crash motor, left front door power door controller, and passenger seat controller. Load set 8 mainly includes: airbag controller, front wireless charging, second-row wireless charging, CDC, millimeter-wave radar, DTOF, left rear taillight, T-BOX, NFC, in-vehicle refrigerator, rear motor controller, rear motor oil pump, passenger screen, central control screen, driver's seatbelt pretensioner motor, second-row seat massage, left front headlight module, rear door welcome light carpet radar and light, steering wheel, driver's side window lift switch, dimming glass, sliding door controller, OBC, CPM B circuit power supply, active suspension power supply, body domain control digital power supply, tow hook, ceiling screen, and instrument panel screen.

[0073] like Figure 14 , Figure 15 As shown, the instrument electrical box includes: an instrument electrical box bracket 4, an instrument electrical box body 5, and an instrument electrical box top cover 6. The instrument electrical box bracket 4 is connected to the bottom of the instrument electrical box body 5, and the instrument electrical box top cover 6 is connected to the top of the instrument electrical box body 5. The instrument electrical box body 5 is equipped with a MICRO fuse 5-1 and an MCASE fuse 5-2.

[0074] Furthermore, the electric drive power supply is connected to the input terminal of the main DC-DC junction box via the first power bus. The output terminal of the main DC-DC junction box is electrically connected to the main junction box via the second power bus. The main junction box is connected to the front compartment electrical box, the first body domain controller assembly, and the first load set one by one via multiple third power buses. The first power bus is made of copper, while the second and third power buses are both made of aluminum.

[0075] In the embodiments of this application, the first power bus is directly connected to the electric drive power supply, undertaking the task of transmitting high current from the electric drive to the main DC-DC junction box. Copper wire, due to its excellent conductivity and relatively high mechanical strength, is suitable for this high current transmission requirement, effectively reducing energy loss during current transmission while ensuring the long-term stability and durability of the main circuit. The second and third power buses are made of aluminum, mainly to achieve the goals of lightweighting and cost control.

[0076] Furthermore, the electric drive power supply is connected to the input terminal of the auxiliary DC-DC junction box via the fourth power bus. The output terminal of the auxiliary DC-DC junction box is electrically connected to the auxiliary junction box via the fifth power bus. The auxiliary junction box is connected to the second body domain controller assembly, the auxiliary battery, and the second load set one by one via multiple sixth power buses. The fourth power bus is made of copper, while the fifth and sixth power buses are both made of aluminum.

[0077] In the embodiments of this application, the fourth power bus is directly connected to the electric drive power supply, undertaking the task of transmitting high current from the electric drive to the auxiliary DC-DC junction box. Copper wire, due to its excellent conductivity and relatively high mechanical strength, is suitable for this high current transmission requirement, effectively reducing energy loss during current transmission while ensuring the long-term stability and durability of the main circuit. The fifth and sixth power buses are made of aluminum, mainly to achieve the goals of lightweighting and cost control.

[0078] like Figure 20 As shown, the second power bus and the fifth power bus have the same structure. The two ends of the power bus are respectively provided with a first copper terminal 13. The connection between the first copper terminal 13 and the first aluminum cable 16 is covered with a double-wall heat shrink tubing 14. The first aluminum cable 16 is provided with a product label 15.

[0079] like Figure 21 As shown, one end of the third power bus is provided with a first copper terminal 13, and the other end is provided with a main junction box terminal 18. The first copper terminal 13 and the main junction box terminal 18 are respectively connected to the second aluminum cable 17. A double-wall heat shrink tubing 14 is provided at the connection between the first copper terminal 13 and the second aluminum cable 17, and a double-wall heat shrink tubing 14 is provided at the connection between the main junction box terminal 18 and the second aluminum cable 17.

[0080] like Figure 22 As shown, one end of the sixth power bus is provided with an instrument electrical box terminal 21, and the other end is provided with a secondary junction box terminal 19. The instrument electrical box terminal 21 and the secondary junction box terminal 19 are respectively connected to the third aluminum cable 20. The connection between the instrument electrical box terminal 21 and the second aluminum cable 20 is provided with a double-wall heat shrink tubing 14, and the connection between the secondary junction box terminal 19 and the second aluminum cable 20 is also provided with a double-wall heat shrink tubing 14.

[0081] like Figure 23 As shown, the first power bus and the fourth power bus have the same structure. One end of the copper wire 23 is provided with a DC-DC positive wire harness copper terminal 22, and the other end of the copper wire 23 is provided with a second copper terminal 26. The copper wire 23 is provided with a wire harness clip 24 and a guide rubber part 25. The outside of the DC-DC positive wire harness copper terminal 22 is wrapped with a rubber sleeve 27.

[0082] like Figure 24 , Figure 25 As shown, the main DC-DC junction box and the auxiliary DC-DC junction box have the same structure. The main DC-DC junction box is described as an example. The main DC-DC junction box includes: a connector box body 28 and a connector box cover 29. The connector box body 28 is provided with a first M8 stud 30 and a first M8 nut 31, which are connected to the DC-DC positive wire harness through the first M8 nut 31. The connector box body 28 is also provided with a MEGA fuse to protect the DC-DC positive wire harness.

[0083] Furthermore, both the main junction box and the auxiliary junction box are equipped with fuses.

[0084] In the embodiments of this application, both the main junction box and the auxiliary junction box have built-in fuses. As the first line of defense in the circuit, the fuse can melt and break instantly when the power line is overloaded or short-circuited, immediately cutting off the current and preventing excessive current from damaging the line, electrical appliances or even the whole vehicle.

[0085] like Figure 16 , Figure 17 As shown, the main distribution box includes: a main distribution box cover 7, a main distribution box body 8, and a main distribution box bracket 9. The main distribution box body 8 is provided with a second M8 stud 8-1, a second M8 nut 8-2, an M6 stud 8-3, an M6 nut 8-4, a MEGA fuse 8-5, and a MIDI fuse 8-6.

[0086] like Figure 18 , Figure 19 As shown, the secondary junction box includes: a secondary junction box cover 10, a secondary junction box body 11, and a secondary junction box bracket 12. The secondary junction box body 11 is provided with an M6 nut 11-1, an M6 stud 11-2, an M8 stud 11-4, a MEGA fuse 11-5, and a MIDI fuse 11-6.

[0087] According to another specific embodiment of this application, a vehicle is also provided, the vehicle including the low-voltage power distribution system of the above embodiments.

[0088] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0089] In addition to the above, it should be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," and "embodiment" used in this specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this invention.

[0090] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0091] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-voltage power distribution system, characterized in that, include: Electric drive power supply; The main DC-DC junction box has its input terminal electrically connected to the electric drive power supply, and its output terminal electrically connected to the front compartment electrical box, the first body domain controller assembly, the main battery, and the first load group through the main junction box. The main battery has a first power supply state that is electrically connected to the front compartment electrical box, the first body domain controller assembly, and the first load group, and a first power-off state that is electrically disconnected from the front compartment electrical box, the first body domain controller assembly, and the first load group. A secondary DC-DC junction box is provided, with its input terminal electrically connected to the electric drive power supply. The output terminal of the secondary DC-DC junction box is electrically connected to a second body domain controller assembly, a secondary battery, and a second load set via the secondary junction box. Some components in the second load set are identical to some components in the first load set. The secondary battery has a second power-on state, electrically connected to the second body domain controller assembly, the secondary battery, and the second load set, and a second power-off state, electrically disconnected from the second body domain controller assembly, the secondary battery, and the second load set.

2. The low-voltage power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric drive power supply is electrically connected to the input terminals of the main DC-DC junction box and the auxiliary DC-DC junction box respectively through an automatic protection switch. The electric drive power supply provides independent power to the main DC-DC junction box and the auxiliary DC-DC junction box through the automatic protection switch.

3. The low-voltage power distribution system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Both the first load set and the second load set include at least: a generator module, a service brake module, an electric power steering module, a collision unlocking module, and a driver assistance module.

4. The low-voltage power distribution system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first vehicle domain controller component includes a right front domain controller and a rear domain controller, and the second vehicle domain controller component includes a left front domain controller. The right front domain controller, the rear domain controller, and the left front domain controller each include at least Class A loads, Class B loads, and Class C loads. The Class A loads are constantly powered loads, the Class B loads are loads with electronic fuses, and the Class C loads are loads with driver chips.

5. The low-voltage power distribution system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The front compartment electrical box includes at least Class D loads, Class E loads, Class F loads, and Class G loads. The Class D loads are loads with MIDI fuses, the Class E loads are loads with MCASE fuses, the Class F loads are loads with MICRO fuses, and the Class G loads are MICRO loads with relays.

6. The low-voltage power distribution system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The second vehicle domain controller assembly includes an instrument cluster box, the load of which is a load with an MCASE fuse.

7. The low-voltage power distribution system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The electric drive power supply is connected to the input terminal of the main DC-DC junction box via a first power bus. The output terminal of the main DC-DC junction box is electrically connected to the main junction box via a second power bus. The main junction box is connected to the front compartment electrical box, the first body domain controller assembly, and the first load set one by one via multiple third power buses. The first power bus is made of copper, while the second and third power buses are both made of aluminum.

8. The low-voltage power distribution system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The electric drive power supply is connected to the input terminal of the auxiliary DC-DC junction box via the fourth power bus. The output terminal of the auxiliary DC-DC junction box is electrically connected to the auxiliary junction box via the fifth power bus. The auxiliary junction box is connected to the second body domain controller assembly, the auxiliary battery, and the second load set one by one via multiple sixth power buses. The fourth power bus is made of copper, while the fifth and sixth power buses are both made of aluminum.

9. The low-voltage power distribution system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Both the main junction box and the auxiliary junction box are equipped with fuses.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the low-voltage power distribution system according to any one of claims 1-9.

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