Water quality purification system based on heterogeneous catalytic material and ecological floating bed

Abstract

The invention discloses a water quality purification system based on a heterogeneous catalytic material and an ecological floating bed. The water quality purification system comprises a floating bed device, a purification device, a fixing device and a water moving trolley, the floating bed device comprises a floating bed carrier and aquatic plants planted on the floating bed carrier; root systems of the aquatic plants extend into the water, and microorganisms are attached to the root systems; the purification device is arranged on the floating bed carrier, is in contact with water flow and comprises a plurality of purification assemblies distributed on the floating bed carrier at intervals, and each purification assembly comprises a purification bag suspended on the floating bed carrier and a heterogeneous catalytic material loaded in the purification bag; the fixing device is arranged on the floating bed carrier and fixes the floating bed carrier on the water surface of a target area; the water moving trolley is connected with the floating bed carrier and drives the floating bed carrier to the water surface of the target area; according to the water quality purification system disclosed by the invention, a material-plant-microorganism three-in-one synergistic purification framework is constructed, and the potential of an ecological floating bed in the aspects of sustainable pollution control and phosphorus resource recovery is remarkably enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water purification technology, specifically relating to a water purification system based on heterogeneous catalytic materials and an ecological floating bed. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industry and agriculture and the acceleration of urbanization, water pollution problems have evolved from traditional organic pollution and eutrophication to a new stage involving complex and trace amounts of toxic pollutants. In particular, wastewater from aquaculture, the pharmaceutical industry, and agricultural runoff not only contains high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, key factors leading to eutrophication, but also various antibiotics, hormones, and other "new pollutants." Although these substances are present at low concentrations, they exhibit biotoxicity, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulation, posing a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Against this backdrop, natural ecological purification technologies such as constructed wetlands and floating beds, which combine ecological benefits with cost advantages, have been widely applied in landscape water treatment and aquaculture wastewater treatment. These technologies primarily rely on physical sedimentation, matrix adsorption, plant absorption, and the metabolic activity of microorganisms attached to plant roots and the surface of the filler (such as nitrification / denitrification) to remove pollutants.

[0003] However, the limitations of traditional ecological purification technologies are becoming increasingly apparent when faced with increasingly complex wastewater compositions and drastic fluctuations in load. First, their core purification capacity relies heavily on slow biological processes, resulting in slow system start-up and difficulty in handling shock loads on water quality and quantity. When the concentration of pollutants in the influent suddenly increases, the microbial community structure fluctuates drastically, potentially leading to the collapse of the entire biological system with a lengthy recovery period. Second, they have fundamental flaws in removing specific pollutants: the natural substrates used for pollutant removal have limited adsorption capacity and are easily saturated, and the adsorbed pollutants pose a risk of secondary release when environmental conditions change, failing to achieve permanent fixation and resource recovery potential. Most challengingly, traditional technologies are almost powerless against recalcitrant organic matter such as antibiotics. These substances not only cannot be effectively removed but may also inhibit microbial activity, causing deeper ecological risks.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, ecological floating beds have been introduced for water treatment. These floating beds are fixed to the water surface to treat the water in the affected area. However, in existing technologies, moving and fixing the ecological floating bed to the water surface requires manual labor in a small boat to pull it to the target area, followed by manual anchoring and rope securing. This process is cumbersome and inefficient. Furthermore, there is a risk of personnel falling while working on the water. Further improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a water purification system based on heterogeneous catalytic materials and ecological floating beds.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: A water purification system based on heterogeneous catalytic materials and ecological floating beds includes a floating bed device, a purification device, a fixed device, and a water-mobile vehicle. A floating bed device includes a floating bed carrier and aquatic plants planted on the floating bed carrier. The floating bed carrier is provided with planting holes for fixing the aquatic plants. The roots of the aquatic plants extend into the water, and microorganisms are attached to their roots. A purification device, installed on a floating bed carrier and in contact with water flow, includes multiple purification components spaced apart on the floating bed carrier. Each purification component includes a purification bag suspended on the floating bed carrier and a heterogeneous catalyst material loaded in the purification bag. A fixing device, set on a floating bed carrier, fixes the floating bed carrier to the water surface of the target area, including a fixed anchor block that is connected to the floating bed carrier and can be extended into the water, and multiple fixed cables that are circumferentially distributed on the floating bed carrier and connected to the shore. A waterborne mobile trolley connects to and moves a floating bed carrier to the water surface of a target area. It includes a trolley body, a docking section at the front of the trolley body that connects to the floating bed carrier, an electromagnet at the front of the docking section, and a camera on the trolley body. The floating bed carrier has multiple docking holes on its outer periphery for the docking section to be inserted into. Each docking hole contains an iron plate that can be attracted by the electromagnet. The camera is used to detect the positional relationship between the docking section and the docking holes. After the trolley body moves the docking section into the docking hole, the electromagnet is energized to attract and fix it to the iron plate, thus connecting the waterborne mobile trolley to the floating bed carrier and subsequently moving the floating bed carrier.

[0007] Furthermore, the docking part includes a connecting section connected to the front end of the mobile trolley body and a guide section disposed on the connecting section that can be embedded in a docking hole. The bottom surface of the guide section forms an upwardly inclined first guide surface, the two opposite sides of the guide section each form an inwardly inclined second guide surface, and the top surface of the guide section forms a downwardly inclined third guide surface. The shape of the docking hole is adapted to the shape of the guide section.

[0008] Furthermore, the first guide surface is provided with a plurality of first water guide grooves at intervals, and the second guide surface is provided with a plurality of second water guide grooves at intervals.

[0009] Furthermore, the floating bed carrier is provided with multiple spring buckles connected to multiple fixed cables. The waterborne mobile trolley also includes a traction assembly that moves the fixed cables to a position connected to the opposite spring buckle. The traction assembly includes a traction plate on the mobile trolley body and an electric gripper on the traction plate for clamping the fixed cables. The fixed cable includes a cable body, a connecting ring connected to the front end of the cable body and connected to the spring buckle, and a clamping block at the lower end of the connecting ring. The electric gripper clamps the clamping block so that the connecting ring is opposite to the spring buckle. When the docking part is inserted into the docking hole, the connecting ring is inserted into the spring buckle, realizing the connection between the fixed cable and the spring buckle.

[0010] Furthermore, the waterborne mobile trolley also includes a propulsion assembly, which is disposed on the trolley body and propels the moving plate to move in a direction close to the spring buckle so that the connecting ring is embedded in the spring buckle. The propulsion assembly includes a propulsion seat disposed on the trolley body, an electric push rod disposed on the propulsion seat and connected to the traction plate, and two guide rods disposed on the propulsion seat on both sides of the electric push rod. The guide rods are connected to the traction plate. When the docking part is embedded in the docking hole, the electric push rod drives the traction plate to move closer to the relative spring buckle so that the connecting ring is embedded in the spring buckle.

[0011] Furthermore, the fixing device also includes a take-up and release assembly disposed on the floating bed carrier for taking up and releasing the fixed anchor block. The fixed anchor block includes an anchor block body and a steel wire rope connected to the anchor block body. The take-up and release assembly connects to and drives the steel wire rope to take up and release. The take-up and release assembly includes a take-up drum disposed on the floating bed carrier for winding the steel wire rope, a rotating component disposed on the floating bed carrier for driving the take-up drum to rotate, and a limiting component for restricting the rotation of the take-up drum.

[0012] Furthermore, the rotating component includes a mounting base disposed on the floating bed carrier for mounting the winding drum, a rotating gear rotatably disposed on the mounting base and connected to the winding drum, a transmission gear coaxially arranged with the rotating gear, a rotating rod rotatably disposed on the floating bed carrier, and a drive gear disposed on the rotating rod and meshing with the transmission gear; the limiting component is used to restrict the rotating gear from rotating further.

[0013] Furthermore, the limiting component includes a limiting rod that can move close to the rotating gear, a limiting screw that can be rotatably mounted on the floating bed carrier, and a limiting block that is mounted on the limiting screw and connected to the limiting rod. The limiting rod can be moved to one of the tooth grooves embedded in the outer peripheral surface of the rotating gear to limit the further rotation of the rotating gear.

[0014] Furthermore, the waterborne mobile trolley includes a driving component that drives the rotating rod and the limiting screw to rotate. The driving component includes a base plate and a first motor and a second motor spaced apart on the base plate. The first motor is connected to and drives the rotating rod to rotate, and the second motor is connected to and drives the limiting screw to rotate. The output shaft of the first motor is connected to the rotating rod, or the output shaft of the second motor is connected to the limiting screw, via a jaw clutch. The jaw clutch includes a first half-clutch and a second half-clutch. The first half-clutch is disposed on the output shaft of the first motor or the output shaft of the second motor, and the second half-clutch is disposed on the rotating rod or the limiting screw and engages with the first half-clutch.

[0015] Furthermore, the heterogeneous catalytic material includes a support and an active component. The support is activated carbon, zeolite, biochar, or ceramic particles, and the active component is composed of zero-valent iron and calcium dioxide. The mass ratio of support:zero-valent iron:calcium dioxide is 1:2.4:1.6.

[0016] As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This application, by defining the structure of the water purification system, introduces a water-mobile trolley, and further defines the structure of the metasequoia mobile trolley, in conjunction with a floating bed carrier, to replace manual labor in moving the floating bed carrier, deploying and retracting the anchor blocks, and connecting and fixing the cables. The entire operation eliminates the need for manual entry into the water, ensuring operator safety and effectively improving work efficiency. Furthermore, the floating bed carrier does not have a power supply or control module, avoiding large amounts of electricity, resulting in extremely low operating energy consumption and significantly reducing maintenance costs, thus meeting the requirements of green and sustainable development. In particular, cultivating aquatic plants on the floating bed carrier, utilizing the synergistic effect of heterogeneous catalytic materials, aquatic plants, and microorganisms attached to the roots of the aquatic plants, achieves highly efficient synergistic removal of multiple pollutants such as antibiotics, ammonia nitrogen, and phosphorus, further purifying the water quality.

[0017] The water purification system of this invention constructs a three-in-one synergistic purification framework of "materials-plants-microorganisms," significantly enhancing the potential of ecological floating beds in sustainable pollution control and phosphorus resource recovery. It combines high efficiency, stability, and environmental friendliness, eliminates the risk of catalyst loss, and has low operation and maintenance costs. It is widely applicable to the deep purification and ecological restoration of various water bodies, including rivers, lakes, landscape water bodies, and wastewater treatment plant effluent. The introduced heterogeneous catalytic materials effectively overcome the technical bottleneck of unstable pollutant removal under high pollution load fluctuations in traditional ecological floating beds, achieving highly efficient synergistic removal of multiple pollutants such as antibiotics, ammonia nitrogen, and phosphorus. This improves the system's resistance to shock loads and operational stability, providing a reliable technical path for pollution control and resource recovery in complex water quality environments. The cultivated aquatic plant roots absorb catalytic degradation products and nutrients, and rely on their rhizosphere microorganisms for deep biological purification, thereby achieving efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly in-situ remediation of polluted water bodies. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a water purification system Figure 1 ; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a water purification system Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the floating bed device; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of some of the structures in the image; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the assembly of the waterborne mobile vehicle and the traction assembly. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the assembly of the waterborne mobile vehicle and the traction assembly. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the water-mobile vehicle and its drive components. Figure 8 This is a graph showing the changes in total nitrogen removal rate between Example 2 and the comparative example; Figure 9 This is a graph showing the changes in total phosphorus removal rate between Example 2 and the comparative example; In the diagram: 1. Floating bed device; 2. Purification device; 3. Fixing device; 4. Waterborne mobile trolley; 11. Floating bed carrier; 12. Planting hole; 13. Spring buckle; 14. Connecting hole; 15. Iron plate; 21. Purification bag; 22. Suspension rope; 31. Fixing anchor block; 311. Anchor block body; 312. Steel wire rope; 32. Fixing cable; 321. Cable body; 322. Connecting ring; 323. Clamping block; 33. Retraction assembly; 34. Buffer float; 35. Rewind drum; 36. Rotating component; 361. Mounting base; 362. Rotating gear; 363. Transmission gear; 364. Rotating rod; 365. Drive gear; 37. Limiting component; 371. Limiting rod; 372. 373. Limiting screw; 41. Limiting block; 42. Mobile trolley body; 43. Docking part; 44. Connecting section; 45. Guide section; 46. First guide surface; 47. Second guide surface; 48. Third guide surface; 49. First water guide channel; 40. Second water guide channel; 41. Electromagnet; 42. Camera; 43. Traction assembly; 44. Traction plate; 45. Electric gripper; 46. Push assembly; 47. Push seat; 48. Electric push rod; 49. Guide rod; 40. Drive component; 47. Base plate; 48. First motor; 49. Second motor; 40. Jaw clutch; 41. First half clutch; 48. Second half clutch. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a water purification system based on heterogeneous catalytic materials and an ecological floating bed includes a floating bed device 1, a purification device 2, a fixed device 3, and a water-mobile trolley 4.

[0021] The floating bed device 1 includes a floating bed carrier 11 and aquatic plants planted on the floating bed carrier 11. The floating bed carrier 11 is provided with planting holes 12 for fixing the aquatic plants. The aquatic plants can be emergent plants with well-developed root systems and strong water purification capabilities, such as purslane and cattails. During planting, healthy purslane seedlings are washed clean of their roots and then secured with a porous planting basket to ensure that the roots can extend through the holes to the underwater surface. Specifically, the roots of the aquatic plants are covered with microorganisms. Furthermore, the floating bed carrier 11 provides buoyancy and structural support for the entire system and is made of corrosion-resistant, lightweight materials such as polypropylene and high-density polyethylene.

[0022] The purification device 2, disposed on the floating bed carrier 11 and in contact with the water flow, includes multiple purification components circumferentially distributed on the floating bed carrier 11. Each purification component includes a purification bag 21 suspended on the floating bed carrier 11 and a heterogeneous catalyst material loaded within the purification bag 21. Specifically, multiple purification bags 21 are provided, spaced vertically along a suspension rope 22. Specifically, the purification bags 21 are made of plastic mesh, allowing the heterogeneous catalyst material within the purification bags 21 to contact the water flow. In other embodiments, the purification bags 21 may also be packing baskets.

[0023] The heterogeneous catalytic material comprises an attapulgite core layer, a functional layer, and an outer shell layer arranged sequentially from the inside out. It is directly synthesized by drum granulation. The functional layer includes a support and an active component. The support is activated carbon, zeolite, biochar, or ceramic particles. The active component is composed of zero-valent iron and calcium dioxide, and the mass ratio of support:zero-valent iron:calcium dioxide is 1:2.4:1.6.

[0024] Specifically, the preparation process of the heterogeneous catalytic material is as follows: ① In a rotating drum granulator, attapulgite powder of 100 mesh size is used as the starting material, and sodium alginate solution is sprayed in. Through the adhesion of the sodium alginate solution and the rolling action of the drum granulator, the attapulgite powder agglomerates to form a uniform spherical attapulgite core layer; ② Based on the attapulgite core layer, zero-valent iron, calcium dioxide, and activated carbon powder are simultaneously or sequentially added to the drum granulator. The wettability and viscosity of the attapulgite core layer surface are utilized. Under continuous mechanical rolling and extrusion, the functional layer material is uniformly and densely coated around the core of the attapulgite core layer, forming a functional layer; ③ After the functional layer is constructed, a powder mixture of diatomaceous earth, attapulgite clay, and cement is added to the system, allowing it to be firmly adhered to and covered on the surface of the intermediate functional layer by passing through a roller and compacting matrix, finally forming a complete outer shell layer; ④ After the outer shell layer is constructed, the resulting wet pellets are removed and dried and cured to obtain the heterogeneous catalytic material. Further, the attapulgite core layer, functional layer, and outer shell layer are composed in a mass ratio of 1:5:4; the amount of sodium alginate solution injected is 0.5% of the amount of attapulgite clay added; and the mass ratio of diatomaceous earth, attapulgite clay, and cement in the powder mixture is 1:5:4.

[0025] The fixing device 3, installed on the floating bed carrier 11, fixes the floating bed carrier 11 to the water surface of the target area. It includes a fixed anchor block 31 connected to the floating bed carrier 11 and extending into the water; multiple fixed cables 32 circumferentially distributed on the floating bed carrier 11 and connected to the shore; a retraction assembly 33 on the floating bed carrier 11 for retracting and deploying the fixed anchor block 31; and multiple buffer buoys 34 spaced apart on the outer circumference of the floating bed carrier 11. The floating bed carrier 11 is provided with multiple spring buckles 13 connected to the multiple fixed cables 32; the fixed anchor block 31 includes an anchor block. The system consists of a main body 311 and a steel wire rope 312 connected to the anchor block body 311; a retraction assembly 33 connects to and drives the steel wire rope 312 to retract and extend, thereby achieving the retraction and extension of the fixed anchor block 31; after the floating bed carrier 11 moves to the water surface of the target area, the retraction assembly 33 works to extend the fixed anchor block 31 into the water, thereby achieving the initial fixation of the floating bed carrier 11; then, multiple fixed cables 32 are used to connect the floating bed carrier 11 to the shore, thereby achieving the fixation of the floating bed carrier 11; at the same time, the setting of multiple buffer buoys 34 can buffer the impact force caused by wind and waves, and maintain the stability of the system.

[0026] The take-up and release assembly 33 includes a take-up drum 35 mounted on the floating bed carrier 11 for taking up the wire rope 312, a rotating component 36 mounted on the floating bed carrier 11 for driving the take-up drum 35 to rotate, and a limiting component 37 for limiting the rotation of the take-up drum 35; wherein, one end of the wire rope 312 is connected to the take-up drum 35; the limiting component 37 limits the take-up drum 35 so that the fixed anchor block 31 is stably in the retracted state or the released state.

[0027] The rotating component 36 includes a mounting base 361 on the floating bed carrier 11 for mounting the winding drum 35, a rotating gear 362 rotatably mounted on the mounting base 361 and connected to the winding drum 35, a transmission gear 363 coaxially arranged with the rotating gear 362, a rotating rod 364 rotatably mounted on the floating bed carrier 11, and a drive gear 365 mounted on the rotating rod 364 and meshing with the transmission gear 363. During operation, the rotating rod 364 is driven to rotate, and the drive gear 365 at its end meshes with the transmission gear 363, thereby driving the rotating gear 362 coaxially arranged with the transmission gear 363 to rotate, so that the winding drum 35 rotates in the forward or reverse direction, realizing the winding and unwinding of the fixed anchor block 31.

[0028] The limiting component 37 includes a limiting rod 371 that can move close to the rotating gear 362, a limiting screw 372 rotatably mounted on the floating bed carrier 11, and a limiting block 373 mounted on the limiting screw 372 and connected to the limiting rod 371. The limiting rod 371 and the limiting screw 372 are located on one side of the rotating rod 364; the limiting block 373 is threadedly engaged with the limiting rod 371; the limiting rod 371 can reciprocate relative to the rotating gear 362 under the cooperation of the limiting block 373 and the limiting screw 372. Movement; when the limiting rod 371 moves close to the rotating gear 362 and is embedded in one of the tooth grooves on the outer circumference of the rotating gear 362, the rotating gear 362 will not rotate further under the action of the limiting rod 371 to stabilize the state of the fixed anchor block 31; when it is necessary to retract or extend the fixed anchor block 31, the limiting rod 371 cooperates with the limiting block 373 to make the limiting rod 371 move in the opposite direction away from the rotating gear 362 until the limiting rod 371 disengages from the rotating gear 362, thus releasing the restriction on the rotating gear 362.

[0029] The waterborne mobile trolley 4 connects to and moves the floating bed carrier 11 to the water surface of the target area. It includes a mobile trolley body 41, a docking part 42 located at the front end of the mobile trolley body 41 and connecting to the floating bed carrier 11, an electromagnet 43 located at the front end of the docking part 42, a camera 44 mounted on the mobile trolley body 41, a traction assembly 45 that moves the fixed cable 32 to a position connected to a relative spring buckle 13, a pushing assembly 46 mounted on the mobile trolley body 41, and a driving component 47 that drives the rotating rod 364 and the limiting screw 372 to rotate. The floating bed carrier 11 has multiple docking holes 14 formed on its outer periphery for the docking part 42 to be inserted. Each docking hole 14 contains an iron plate 15 that can be attracted by the electromagnet, and the iron plate 15 is coated with a corrosion-resistant coating. The camera 44 is used to detect the positional relationship between the docking part 42 and the docking holes 14, ensuring that the docking part 42 and the docking holes 14 are in a roughly relative state. Specifically, the waterborne mobile trolley 4 is an existing electric waterborne trolley, and its internal structure will not be described in detail here. The electromagnet 43, camera 44 and mobile trolley body 41 are electrically connected. The control system of the mobile trolley body 41 controls the electromagnet 43 to be energized and to receive information from the camera 44. During operation, the mobile trolley body 41 drives the docking part 42 to be inserted into the docking hole 14, and then controls the electromagnet 43 to be energized so that the electromagnet 43 is attracted and fixed to the iron plate 15, realizing the connection between the waterborne mobile trolley 4 and the floating bed carrier 11, thereby driving the floating bed carrier 11 to move.

[0030] The docking part 42 includes a connecting section 421 connected to the front end of the mobile trolley body 41 and a guide section 422 disposed on the connecting section 421 that can be embedded in the docking hole 14. The bottom surface of the guide section 422 is provided with an upwardly inclined first guide surface 423, the two opposite sides of the guide section 422 are respectively formed with an inwardly inclined second guide surface 424, and the top surface of the guide section 422 is provided with a downwardly inclined third guide surface 425. Through the arrangement of the first guide surface 423, the second guide surface 424 and the third guide surface 425, the docking part 42 can be quickly embedded in the docking hole 14. Specifically, a plurality of first water guide grooves 426 are spaced apart on the first guide surface 423, and a plurality of second water guide grooves 427 are spaced apart on the second guide surface 424. The arrangement of the first and second water guide grooves 426 and 427 ensures that when the docking part 42 is embedded in the docking hole 14, if there is water in the docking hole 14, the water will be discharged along the first or second water guide grooves 426 or 427 under the action of the docking part 42, ensuring that the docking part 42 can be embedded in the docking hole 14. Furthermore, a plurality of spring clips 13 and a retraction assembly 33 correspond to a plurality of docking holes 14 respectively, so that the docking part 42 is embedded in the corresponding docking hole 14, thereby achieving the connection between the fixed cable 32 and the corresponding spring clip 13 or the retraction of the fixed anchor block 31.

[0031] The traction assembly 45 includes a traction plate 451 mounted on the mobile trolley body 41 and an electric gripper 452 mounted on the traction plate 451 for clamping the fixing cable 32. The fixing cable 32 includes a cable body 321, a connecting ring 322 connected to the front end of the cable body 321 and to the spring buckle 13, and a clamping block 323 located at the lower end of the connecting ring 322. When the fixing cable 32 is connected to the floating bed carrier 11, the electric gripper 452 clamps the clamping block 323, causing the connecting ring 322 to laterally face the spring buckle 13. The mobile trolley body 41 then moves the fixing cable 32 closer to the floating bed carrier 11, causing the docking part 42 to engage with the corresponding docking hole 14. At this time, the pushing assembly 46 pushes the traction plate 451 closer to the spring buckle 13, allowing the connecting ring 322 to engage with the spring buckle 13, thus achieving the connection between the fixing cable 32 and the spring buckle 13.

[0032] The driving component 47 includes a base plate 471 and a first motor 472 and a second motor 473 spaced apart on the base plate 471. The first motor 472 is connected to and drives the rotating rod 364 to rotate, and the second motor 473 is connected to and drives the limiting screw 372 to rotate. Specifically, the output shaft of the first motor 472 is connected to the rotating rod 364, or the output shaft of the second motor 473 is connected to the limiting screw 372 via a jaw clutch 48. The jaw clutch 48 includes a first half clutch 481 and a second half clutch 482. The first half clutch 481 is located on the output shaft of the first motor 472 or the output shaft of the second motor 473, and the second half clutch 482 is located on the rotating rod 364 or the limiting screw 372 and engages with the first half clutch 481. The jaw clutch 48 ensures a stable connection between the first motor 472 and the rotating rod 364, and between the second motor 473 and the limiting screw 372, and enables the rotating rod 364 and the limiting screw 372 to rotate.

[0033] The pushing component 46, mounted on the mobile trolley body 41, pushes the traction plate 451 closer to the spring buckle 13 or pushes the base plate 471 closer to the retraction component 33. It includes a pushing seat 461, an electric push rod 462 mounted on the pushing seat 461 and connectable to the traction plate 451 or the base plate 471, and two guide rods 463 mounted on the pushing seat 461 on both sides of the electric push rod 462. The guide rods 463 are connected to the traction plate 451 or the base plate 471. During operation, a traction component 45 or a driving component 47 can be mounted on the pushing component 46 according to work requirements, so that the fixed cable 32 is connected to the relative spring buckle 13, or the first motor 472 and the second motor 473 are respectively connected to the rotating rod 364 and the limiting screw 372. By defining the structure of the waterborne mobile trolley 4, it can replace manual labor in retracting and extending the fixed anchor block 31 and connecting the fixed cable 32 to the floating bed carrier 11, ensuring the safety of the floating bed device 1 when fixed.

[0034] The specific process for deploying and retracting the fixed anchor block 31 is as follows: (1) The drive component 47 is assembled on the push assembly 46, so that the electric push rod 462 and the guide rod 463 are respectively connected to the base plate 471; (2) The moving trolley body 41 moves and drives the drive component 47 to move to the floating bed carrier 11. With the cooperation of the camera 44, the docking part 42 is embedded in the docking hole 14. At this time, the moving trolley body 41 controls the electromagnet 43 to be energized, so that the iron plate 15 in the docking hole 14 is attracted and fixed by the electromagnet 43, and the water-based moving trolley 4 is fixed on the floating bed carrier 11. (3) The electric push rod 462 controls the base plate 471 to move closer to the take-up and release assembly 33. Under the action of the jaw clutch 48, the first motor 472 and the second motor 473 are connected to the rotating rod 364 and the limiting screw 372 respectively. The second motor 473 controls the limiting screw 372 to rotate, so that the limiting rod 371 moves in the opposite direction away from the rotating gear 362 until it disengages from the rotating gear 362. Then the first motor 472 controls the rotating rod 364 to rotate. Through the meshing of the drive gear 365 and the transmission gear 363, the rotating gear 362 is driven to rotate, which in turn drives the take-up drum 35 to rotate, thereby taking up and releasing the wire rope 312 and realizing the take-up and release of the fixed anchor block 31.

[0035] The specific procedure for securing cable 32 and spring buckle 13 is as follows: (1) The traction component 45 is mounted on the push component 46, so that the electric push rod 462 and the guide rod 463 are respectively connected to the traction plate 451; the electric gripper 452 clamps the clamping block 323 of the fixed cable 32, so that the connecting ring 322 is placed horizontally. (2) The mobile trolley body 41 moves and drives the traction component 45 to move to the floating bed carrier 11. With the cooperation of the camera 44, the docking part 42 is embedded in the docking hole 14. At this time, the mobile trolley body 41 controls the electromagnet 43 to be energized, so that the iron plate 15 in the docking hole 14 is attracted and fixed by the electromagnet 43, and the water mobile trolley 4 is fixed on the floating bed carrier 11. (3) The electric push rod 462 controls the traction plate 451 to move closer to the relative spring buckle 13, so that the connecting ring 322 is embedded in the spring buckle 13 and is clamped and fixed by the spring buckle 13; then the electric gripper 452 releases the clamping block 323, and the moving trolley body 41 controls the electromagnet 43 to de-energize, so that the iron plate 15 is disconnected from the electromagnet 43, and the water moving trolley 4 can move in the opposite direction to get away from the floating bed carrier 11, and complete the fixing of the fixed cable 32.

[0036] When using the water purification system, the floating bed carrier 11 is moved to the target area by the waterborne mobile cart 4 and then fixed by the fixing device 3. No external power input is required during system operation. Aquatic plants are harvested quarterly, but the roots must be retained to maintain the microbial community, and new seedlings are replenished promptly. Every 6-8 months, the heterogeneous catalyst material is removed and its activity is tested. If the efficiency decreases by more than 20%, the heterogeneous catalyst material is directly replaced. During replacement, the floating bed device 1 can be brought back to the shore by the waterborne mobile cart 4, and after replacement, it is returned to the target area. Example 1

[0037] The target water area is a reservoir, and the water quality issues are: TN concentration of 1-3 mg / L and TP concentration of 0.05-0.2 mg / L.

[0038] The area of ​​the floating bed carrier 11 is 200m² 2The total amount of heterogeneous catalyst material used is 500 kg, which is packaged into 200 purification bags 21. Locally adapted cattails are selected as aquatic plants, with a planting density of 8-10 plants per square meter. The weight of the fixing anchor block 31 is 15 kg.

[0039] During operation, water quality was sampled and tested quarterly, and system status was recorded. The average TN concentration decreased to 0.9 mg / L, and the average TP concentration decreased to 0.03 mg / L. During heavy rain, the influent pollutant concentration increased briefly, but the system stabilized within 7 days, with no significant decrease in removal rate, demonstrating strong resistance to shock loads.

[0040] Simulation test Example 2

[0041] A water purification system is constructed, which simulates wastewater being injected into a pool. The pool has an area of ​​1.44 m². 2 The initial water quality of the simulated wastewater was 6.2 mg / L total nitrogen (TN) and 0.55 mg / L total phosphorus (TP).

[0042] The area of ​​the floating bed carrier 11 is 1 m² 2 The total amount of heterogeneous catalyst material used is 2.5 kg, which is packaged into 20 purification bags 21. Locally adapted seahorse purslane is selected as the aquatic plant, with a planting density of 8-10 plants per square meter. The weight of the fixing anchor block 31 is 15 kg.

[0043] Comparative Example Its setup is basically the same as in Example 2, the main difference being that: no heterogeneous catalytic material is suspended on the floating bed carrier 11.

[0044] The water in the pools of Example 2 and the comparative example was tested periodically, and the experimental results were referred to... Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, Example 2 achieved removal rates of 75.8% and 81.8% for total nitrogen and total phosphorus, respectively, within 7 days, significantly higher than the 35.5% and 43.6% of the conventional ecological floating bed unit in the comparative example. After 14 days of treatment, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels treated by the system of this invention decreased to 0.2 mg / L and 0.12 mg / L, respectively, both superior to the comparative example. Furthermore, Example 2 showed significant improvement in water quality within 7 days, demonstrating rapid start-up characteristics, while the start-up period of the comparative example was more than 10 days.

[0045] This application defines the structure of the water purification system by introducing a water-mobile trolley 4, and further defining the structure of the metasequoia water-mobile trolley 4. Combined with the floating bed carrier 11, this replaces manual labor for moving the floating bed carrier 11, deploying and retracting the anchor blocks 31, and connecting and securing the fixing cables 32. The entire operation is seamless, eliminating the need for manual entry into the water, ensuring operator safety and significantly improving operational efficiency. Furthermore, the floating bed carrier 11 does not have a power supply or control module, avoiding excessive electrical energy consumption and resulting in extremely low operating energy consumption, greatly reducing maintenance costs and meeting the requirements of green and sustainable development. Aquatic plants are cultivated on the floating bed carrier 11, and the synergistic effect of heterogeneous catalytic materials, aquatic plants, and microorganisms attached to their roots achieves highly efficient and synergistic removal of multiple pollutants such as antibiotics, ammonia nitrogen, and phosphorus, further purifying the water.

[0046] The water purification system of this invention constructs a three-in-one synergistic purification framework of "materials-plants-microorganisms," significantly enhancing the potential of ecological floating beds in sustainable pollution control and phosphorus resource recovery. It combines high efficiency, stability, and environmental friendliness, eliminates the risk of catalyst loss, and has low operation and maintenance costs. It is widely applicable to the deep purification and ecological restoration of various water bodies, including rivers, lakes, landscape water bodies, and wastewater treatment plant effluent. The introduced heterogeneous catalytic materials effectively overcome the technical bottleneck of unstable pollutant removal under high pollution load fluctuations in traditional ecological floating beds, achieving highly efficient synergistic removal of multiple pollutants such as antibiotics, ammonia nitrogen, and phosphorus. This improves the system's resistance to shock loads and operational stability, providing a reliable technical path for pollution control and resource recovery in complex water quality environments. The cultivated aquatic plant roots absorb catalytic degradation products and nutrients, and rely on their rhizosphere microorganisms for deep biological purification, thereby achieving efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly in-situ remediation of polluted water bodies.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the present invention and the contents of the specification should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water purification system based on a heterogeneous catalytic material and an ecological floating bed, characterized in that: It includes floating bed devices, purification devices, fixed devices, and water-mobile trolleys; A floating bed device includes a floating bed carrier and aquatic plants planted on the floating bed carrier. The floating bed carrier is provided with planting holes for fixing the aquatic plants. The roots of the aquatic plants extend into the water, and microorganisms are attached to their roots. A purification device, installed on a floating bed carrier and in contact with water flow, includes multiple purification components spaced apart on the floating bed carrier. Each purification component includes a purification bag suspended on the floating bed carrier and a heterogeneous catalyst material loaded in the purification bag. A fixing device, set on a floating bed carrier, fixes the floating bed carrier to the water surface of the target area, including a fixed anchor block that is connected to the floating bed carrier and can be extended into the water, and multiple fixed cables that are circumferentially distributed on the floating bed carrier and connected to the shore. A waterborne mobile trolley connects to and moves a floating bed carrier to the water surface of a target area. It includes a trolley body, a docking section at the front of the trolley body that connects to the floating bed carrier, an electromagnet at the front of the docking section, and a camera on the trolley body. The floating bed carrier has multiple docking holes on its outer periphery for the docking section to be inserted into. Each docking hole contains an iron plate that can be attracted by the electromagnet. The camera is used to detect the positional relationship between the docking section and the docking holes. After the trolley body moves the docking section into the docking hole, the electromagnet is energized to attract and fix it to the iron plate, thus connecting the waterborne mobile trolley to the floating bed carrier and subsequently moving the floating bed carrier.

2. The water purification system based on the heterogeneous catalytic material and the ecological floating bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The docking part includes a connecting section connected to the front end of the mobile trolley body and a guide section disposed on the connecting section that can be embedded in a docking hole. The bottom surface of the guide section forms an upward inclined first guide surface, the two opposite sides of the guide section each form an inward inclined second guide surface, and the top surface of the guide section forms a downward inclined third guide surface. The shape of the docking hole is adapted to the shape of the guide section.

3. The water purification system based on the heterogeneous catalytic material and the ecological floating bed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first guide surface is provided with a plurality of first water guide grooves at intervals, and the second guide surface is provided with a plurality of second water guide grooves at intervals.

4. The water purification system based on the heterogeneous catalytic material and the ecological floating bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating bed carrier is provided with multiple spring buckles connected to multiple fixed cables. The waterborne mobile trolley also includes a traction assembly that moves the fixed cables to a position connected to the corresponding spring buckles. The traction assembly includes a traction plate on the mobile trolley body and an electric gripper on the traction plate for clamping the fixed cables. The fixed cable includes a cable body, a connecting ring connected to the front end of the cable body and connected to the spring buckle, and a clamping block at the lower end of the connecting ring. The electric gripper clamps the clamping block so that the connecting ring is opposite to the spring buckle. When the docking part is inserted into the docking hole, the connecting ring is inserted into the spring buckle, realizing the connection between the fixed cable and the spring buckle.

5. The water purification system based on the heterogeneous catalytic material and the ecological floating bed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The waterborne mobile trolley also includes a propulsion assembly, which is mounted on the trolley body and pushes the moving plate to move in a direction close to the spring buckle so that the connecting ring is embedded in the spring buckle. The propulsion assembly includes a propulsion seat mounted on the trolley body, an electric push rod mounted on the propulsion seat and connected to the traction plate, and two guide rods mounted on the propulsion seat on both sides of the electric push rod. The guide rods are connected to the traction plate. When the docking part is embedded in the docking hole, the electric push rod drives the traction plate to move closer to the relative spring buckle so that the connecting ring is embedded in the spring buckle.

6. A water purification system based on heterogeneous catalytic materials and an ecological floating bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing device also includes a take-up and release assembly for taking up and releasing the fixed anchor block, which is set on the floating bed carrier. The fixed anchor block includes an anchor block body and a steel wire rope connected to the anchor block body. The take-up and release assembly connects to and drives the steel wire rope to take up and release. The take-up and release assembly includes a take-up drum set on the floating bed carrier for winding the steel wire rope, a rotating component set on the floating bed carrier for driving the take-up drum to rotate, and a limiting component for limiting the rotation of the take-up drum.

7. A water purification system based on heterogeneous catalytic materials and an ecological floating bed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotating component includes a mounting base on the floating bed carrier for mounting a winding drum, a rotating gear rotatably mounted on the mounting base and connected to the winding drum, a transmission gear coaxially arranged with the rotating gear, a rotating rod rotatably mounted on the floating bed carrier, and a drive gear mounted on the rotating rod and meshing with the transmission gear; the limiting component is used to restrict the rotating gear from rotating further.

8. A water purification system based on heterogeneous catalytic materials and an ecological floating bed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The limiting component includes a limiting rod that can move close to the rotating gear, a limiting screw that can be rotatably mounted on the floating bed carrier, and a limiting block that is mounted on the limiting screw and connected to the limiting rod. The limiting rod can be moved to one of the tooth grooves embedded in the outer peripheral surface of the rotating gear to limit the further rotation of the rotating gear.

9. A water purification system based on heterogeneous catalytic materials and an ecological floating bed according to claim 8, characterized in that: The waterborne mobile trolley includes a driving component that drives a rotating rod and a limiting screw to rotate. The driving component includes a base plate and a first motor and a second motor spaced apart on the base plate. The first motor is connected to and drives the rotating rod to rotate, and the second motor is connected to and drives the limiting screw to rotate. The output shaft of the first motor is connected to the rotating rod, or the output shaft of the second motor is connected to the limiting screw, via a jaw clutch. The jaw clutch includes a first half-clutch and a second half-clutch. The first half-clutch is located on the output shaft of the first motor or the output shaft of the second motor, and the second half-clutch is located on the rotating rod or the limiting screw and engages with the first half-clutch.

10. A water purification system based on heterogeneous catalytic materials and an ecological floating bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heterogeneous catalytic material includes a support and an active component. The support is activated carbon, zeolite, biochar, or ceramic particles. The active component is composed of zero-valent iron and calcium dioxide. The mass ratio of support:zero-valent iron:calcium dioxide is 1:2.4:1.6.

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