Gas compressor air exhaust and secondary flow system integrated with vortex tube and operation method of gas compressor air exhaust and secondary flow system

Abstract

The invention discloses an air compressor air exhaust and secondary flow system integrated with a vortex tube and an operation method of the air compressor air exhaust and secondary flow system, and relates to the technical field of gas turbines. According to the system, a vortex tube is integrated in an intermediate-stage exhaust pipeline of a gas compressor, and single bleed gas is converted into low-temperature gas flow and high-temperature gas flow through the energy separation effect of the vortex tube. Two air flows are distributed to multiple secondary flow tasks such as air compressor inlet anti-icing, fuel preheating, lubricating oil heating / cooling and air compressor interstage cooling according to needs through distribution pipelines and control subsystems which are connected in parallel. The operation method of the system is based on real-time temperature and working condition data, and dynamic accurate distribution and global optimization of airflow are achieved by cooperatively adjusting the total air entraining amount, the proportion of cold airflow and hot airflow and the flow of all branches. Traditional multi-path air entraining is replaced with a single air exhaust point, the air entraining utilization rate and the system flexibility are remarkably improved, and the performance loss of a main runner of the air compressor is effectively reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of gas turbines, in particular to a compressor bleed air and secondary flow system integrated with a vortex tube and a method for operating the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] During the operation of a heavy-duty gas turbine, a certain pressure and flow rate of gas is usually drawn from the bleed air slots set at the intermediate or final stage of the compressor, enters the secondary flow system to perform sealing, cooling, deicing and other tasks. In the traditional design, each task often needs to draw independent air flow from the corresponding stage of the compressor to ensure that the total pressure and total temperature parameters meet the specific functional requirements. Although the air flow will produce certain pressure and temperature losses when flowing in the secondary flow pipeline, the overall parameter change is small, so generally a single bleed air is only used to complete a corresponding task.

[0003] This design has the problems of single function, fixed system layout, and low utilization efficiency of bleed air. Especially in some application scenarios with large temperature differences, such as deicing at the inlet of the compressor requiring high-temperature gas, and bearing lubricating oil cooling requiring low-temperature gas, the traditional method often needs to draw air from different stages of the compressor, or even draw high-temperature gas from the final stage for deicing, resulting in a decrease in the overall efficiency of the compressor and significant loss of bleed air. At the same time, multiple independent bleed air also increases the complexity of the pipeline and the weight of the system, which is not conducive to the compact design and performance optimization of the gas turbine.

[0004] The existing patent CN111577466A provides an aircraft engine anti-icing bleed air preheating and turbine cooling bleed air precooling system, which integrates the anti-icing bleed air and the turbine cooling bleed air by setting a heat exchanger in the engine outer duct. The existing patent CN115230969A discloses an aircraft environmental control system and method for anti-icing and electronic device cooling using a vortex tube, which separates a single bleed air into cold and hot streams, and simultaneously uses it for cooling and anti-icing of onboard equipment. However, the above-mentioned solutions belong to specific technical fields such as aircraft engines or environmental control systems, and their design goals and system configurations are essentially different from the internal secondary flow system of a heavy-duty gas turbine, and do not solve the core efficiency problems of heavy-duty gas turbines, such as large inherent aerodynamic loss, low utilization rate of bleed air, and ineffective utilization of thermal energy in the cycle, caused by multiple independent bleed air.

[0005] Therefore, in view of the operating characteristics and efficiency optimization requirements of heavy-duty gas turbines, it is urgent to propose an innovative design of a secondary flow system that can be deeply integrated into the compressor bleed air system and can efficiently realize energy distribution and recovery. SUMMARY

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this application proposes a compressor extraction and secondary flow system with an integrated vortex tube and its operation method. The vortex tube is integrated into the bleed air pipeline of the compressor extraction slot. Utilizing the pressure of the extraction air itself, the system efficiently separates a single bleed air stream into two air streams: a low-temperature stream and a high-temperature stream. Through system design, these two air streams are adapted to different secondary flow tasks, thereby replacing multiple extraction points with a single extraction point. This satisfies multi-functional requirements while significantly reducing aerodynamic interference to the compressor's main flow path, ultimately improving the overall thermodynamic cycle efficiency of the gas turbine.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application proposes a compressor extraction and secondary flow system with an integrated vortex tube. The specific technical solution is as follows: A compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tubes, comprising: The compressor is equipped with an intermediate stage extraction tank; The vortex tube is connected to the intermediate stage extraction tank through an air intake pipe, and the air intake pipe is equipped with a first electric regulating valve for controlling the total amount of air intake. A hot gas distribution pipeline, connected to the hot gas outlet of the vortex tube, is used to distribute hot gas flow to at least one heat load component; A cold air distribution pipe, connected to the cold air outlet of the vortex tube, is used to distribute the cold air flow to at least one cold load component.

[0008] Furthermore, the hot gas distribution pipeline includes an anti-icing pipeline, a fuel preheating pipeline, and a lubricating oil heating pipeline arranged in parallel; the anti-icing pipeline is connected to the anti-icing structure at the compressor inlet, the fuel preheating pipeline is connected to the first heat exchanger, and the lubricating oil heating pipeline is connected to the second heat exchanger; each pipeline is equipped with an independent electric regulating valve.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes: A fuel supply line passes through the first heat exchanger; The lubricating oil supply line passes through the second heat exchanger.

[0010] Furthermore, the cooling gas distribution pipeline includes a lubricating oil cooling pipeline and an intercooling pipeline arranged in parallel; the lubricating oil cooling pipeline is connected to the second heat exchanger, and the intercooling pipeline is connected to the intercooling device between the compressor front stage and the compressor front stage; each pipeline is equipped with an independent electric regulating valve.

[0011] Furthermore, a condensate separator is provided between the cold air outlet of the vortex tube and the cold air distribution pipeline.

[0012] Furthermore, the vortex tube is equipped with a hot-end regulating valve for adjusting the ratio of cold and hot airflow inside it.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a control subsystem configured to adjust the first electric regulating valve, the hot-end regulating valve, and the electric regulating valves in each pipeline based on at least one of the compressor inlet temperature, lubricating oil temperature, and gas turbine operating conditions.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, the second aspect of this application proposes an operation method for a compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tubes. The specific technical solution is as follows: An operating method for an integrated vortex tube compressor extraction and secondary flow system, used to operate the aforementioned integrated vortex tube compressor extraction and secondary flow system, includes the following steps: Task determination steps: Determine the secondary flow task requirements based on the compressor inlet temperature, lubricating oil temperature, and system operating conditions; Air intake control steps: Based on the judgment result, control the air intake flow rate entering the vortex tube; Airflow adjustment step: Based on the judgment result, adjust the ratio of cold airflow to hot airflow generated by the vortex tube separation; Airflow guidance step: Based on the judgment result, hot airflow and cold airflow are distributed to the corresponding hot load components and cold load components; Dynamic adjustment steps: Based on continuous feedback of temperature and operating conditions, dynamically and collaboratively optimize bleed air control, airflow regulation, and airflow guidance.

[0015] Furthermore, the task determination step includes: Anti-icing requirement assessment: When the compressor inlet temperature is lower than the preset anti-icing activation temperature and lower than the local dew point temperature, it is determined that anti-icing needs to be activated.

[0016] Lubricating oil thermal management requirement assessment: When the lubricating oil temperature is lower than the lower limit of the normal operating temperature, it is determined that the heating mode needs to be activated; when the lubricating oil temperature is higher than the upper limit of the normal operating temperature, it is determined that the cooling mode needs to be activated.

[0017] Furthermore, the bleed air control step includes: when it is determined that there is an anti-icing requirement, a lubricating oil thermal management requirement, or other secondary flow tasks based on system operating conditions, opening and adjusting the opening of the first electric regulating valve on the bleed air pipeline to introduce a bleed air flow rate that matches the total task requirements.

[0018] Furthermore, the airflow regulation step is achieved by adjusting the opening of the hot end regulating valve on the vortex tube, thereby dynamically adjusting the flow ratio of cold and hot airflows and controlling its outlet temperature.

[0019] Furthermore, the airflow guiding step includes: In response to anti-icing requirements, the opening of the pipes leading to the anti-icing structure in the hot gas distribution pipeline is controlled; In response to the thermal management requirements of the lubricating oil, the heating line leading to the second heat exchanger is opened and its cooling line is closed when heating is required, and the cooling line is opened and the heating line is closed when cooling is required.

[0020] Furthermore, the airflow guiding step also includes: based on the judgment of the gas turbine operating conditions, opening the fuel preheating pipeline and / or the intercooling pipeline.

[0021] Furthermore, the dynamic adjustment step includes: when anti-icing and lubricating oil thermal management tasks need to be performed simultaneously, adjusting the control commands for bleed air control, airflow regulation, and airflow guidance in a coordinated manner according to the priority strategy.

[0022] Furthermore, the dynamic adjustment step also includes: when the requirements of a certain secondary flow task are met, closing the corresponding airflow distribution branch and re-optimizing the bleed air control and airflow regulation.

[0023] By applying the above-described technical solution of this application, at least the following technical effects are achieved: 1. This application integrates a vortex tube into the intermediate stage extraction line of the compressor, utilizing its energy separation characteristics to transform a single bleed air stream into two functional air streams—cold and hot—with drastically different temperatures and thermodynamic properties. This achieves directional energy separation and conversion within the system, enabling a single extraction point to simultaneously serve multiple secondary flow tasks. This fundamentally changes the traditional "one air stream corresponds to one function" design model, realizing multifunctional and configurable utilization of bleed air resources, greatly improving the flexibility and adaptability of the system design.

[0024] 2. This application utilizes the synergistic effect of vortex tubes and hot-end regulating valves to generate a functional airflow with a larger temperature gradient. This achieves the same cooling or heating effect with a smaller total bleed air flow, minimizing flow extraction and disturbance to the compressor's main flow path. This not only directly improves the compressor's isentropic efficiency but also ensures stable intermediate stage airflow pressure for the compressor's own sealing, achieving a balance between efficiency and safety.

[0025] 3. This application constructs a distribution network with a vortex tube as its core, replacing the complex multi-path independent air intake pipes and their auxiliary equipment in traditional designs. This significantly simplifies the system architecture, reduces weight, and lowers manufacturing costs and potential failure points. Simultaneously, by setting independent electrically controlled valves in each branch and employing a collaborative control strategy, on-demand airflow delivery and rapid response are achieved. This combination of a "simple core component" and "intelligent distribution control" enhances system functionality while ensuring higher overall operational reliability and economy.

[0026] 4. This application optimizes the gas turbine's thermodynamic cycle through the distribution and refined utilization of cold and hot airflows, coordinating multiple pathways including anti-icing, fuel preheating, lubricating oil temperature control, and compressor stage cooling. These optimization measures are globally coordinated through a unified intelligent control subsystem, forming an integrated thermal management closed loop. While fulfilling various secondary flow tasks, this application contributes to the main engine performance from multiple dimensions, achieving a comprehensive improvement in the gas turbine's overall efficiency and operational economy.

[0027] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a compressor extraction and secondary flow system with an integrated vortex tube proposed in this application is shown; Figure 2 The present application presents an operating method for a compressor extraction and secondary flow system with an integrated vortex tube.

[0029] Reference numerals: 1-Compressor, 2-Intermediate stage extraction tank, 3-First electric regulating valve, 4-Vortex tube, 5-Vortex chamber, 6-Hot gas outlet, 7-Hot end regulating valve, 8-Anti-icing structure, 9-First heat exchanger, 10-Fuel supply pipeline, 11-Cold gas outlet, 12-Condensate separator, 13-Second heat exchanger, 14-Lubricating oil supply pipeline, 15-Intercooling device, 16-Second electric regulating valve, 17-Third electric regulating valve, 18-Fourth electric regulating valve, 19-Fifth electric regulating valve, 20-Sixth electric regulating valve. Detailed Implementation

[0030] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

[0032] To address the significant efficiency losses and low bleed air utilization rates inherent in traditional gas turbine secondary flow systems due to multiple independent bleed air extraction points, this application proposes an integrated vortex tube compressor bleed air and secondary flow system and its operation method. The vortex tube, a simple energy separation device requiring no moving parts, can separate a single high-pressure gas flow into two streams: a low-temperature stream and a high-temperature stream. Furthermore, its inlet pressure matches the bleed air extraction pressure of the gas turbine compressor intermediate stage, making it potentially integrated into existing bleed air pipelines. By rationally designing the layout and interfaces of the vortex tubes in the bleed air pipeline, both cold and hot gas streams can be simultaneously obtained and used for different secondary flow tasks, thereby reducing the number of bleed air extraction points, minimizing the impact on compressor efficiency, and improving the overall thermodynamic efficiency and task adaptability of the system.

[0033] According to the first aspect of this application, a compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tubes is proposed. (See also...) Figure 1 As shown, the system mainly includes a compressor 1, an intermediate stage extraction tank 2, a vortex tube 4, an anti-icing structure 8, a first heat exchanger 9, a condensate separator 12, a second heat exchanger 13, an intercooler 15, and multiple pipelines and electrically operated regulating valves installed in the pipelines. Through the arrangement and connection of the pipelines, a hot gas distribution pipeline and a cold gas distribution pipeline are formed, starting from the hot gas outlet 6 and cold gas outlet 11 of the vortex tube 4, respectively leading to components with different heat loads and cold loads.

[0034] Specifically, the vortex tube 4 is connected to the intermediate stage extraction tank 2 of the compressor 1 via an bleed air pipeline. One end of the bleed air pipeline is connected to the pipeline of the intermediate stage extraction tank 2, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the vortex chamber 5 in the middle of the vortex tube 4. A first electric regulating valve 3 is installed in the bleed air pipeline to control the total bleed air flow. It should be noted that since the intermediate stage airflow of the compressor 1 is used for sealing and pressure must be maintained, not all intermediate stage airflow can be used for the vortex tube 4. Therefore, only a portion of the bleed airflow is used to enter the vortex tube 4.

[0035] Specifically, a hot-end regulating valve 7 is installed on the vortex tube 4, preferably electrically driven. This hot-end regulating valve 7 can be adjusted according to the actual operating conditions of the gas turbine, and based on the bleed air established by the first electric regulating valve 3, it can achieve independent control of the flow ratio of the cold and hot air streams and the outlet temperature.

[0036] Specifically, the hot gas distribution pipeline is connected to the hot gas outlet 6 of the vortex tube 4, and includes multiple parallel branch pipelines connected to different heat load components. Among them, the anti-icing pipeline is connected to the anti-icing structure 8 of the compressor 1 inlet stage; the fuel preheating pipeline is connected to the first heat exchanger 9, which preheats the fuel supply pipeline (10) passing through it; the lubricating oil heating pipeline is connected to the second heat exchanger 13, which heats the lubricating oil supply pipeline 14 passing through it. Furthermore, the anti-icing pipeline is equipped with a second electric regulating valve 16, the fuel preheating pipeline is equipped with a fifth electric regulating valve 19, and the lubricating oil heating pipeline is equipped with a third electric regulating valve 17. The independent electric regulating valves in each pipeline can realize flow distribution.

[0037] Specifically, the cold air outlet 11 of the vortex tube 4 is first connected to the condensate separator 12 to remove moisture from the cold air flow. The condensate separator 12 is then connected to the cold air distribution pipeline, which includes two parallel branch pipelines connected to different cooling load components. Among them, the lubricating oil cooling pipeline is connected to the second heat exchanger 13, and the indirect cooling pipeline is connected to the indirect cooling device 15 between the compressor 1 and the pre-stage. The two pipelines are respectively equipped with a fourth electric regulating valve 18 and a sixth electric regulating valve 20.

[0038] Optionally, to reduce temperature changes during the transmission of cold and hot air in the pipeline, all pipelines are wrapped with thermal insulation material.

[0039] Furthermore, the system also includes a control subsystem communicatively connected to all electrically controlled regulating valves and the hot-end regulating valve 7 of the vortex tube 4. This control subsystem is configured to make decisions based on at least one of the compressor inlet temperature, lubricating oil temperature, and gas turbine operating conditions. It dynamically adjusts the opening of the first electrically controlled regulating valve 3 to control the total bleed air volume, adjusts the hot-end regulating valve 7 to set temperature references for hot and cold airflows, and coordinates the opening of each branch electrically controlled regulating valve to achieve precise on-demand distribution of airflow and heat. For example, the control subsystem can automatically increase the hot air flow to the anti-icing structure 8 when the risk of icing increases, or enhance the cold air supply to the second heat exchanger 13 when the lubricating oil temperature is too high. Through this adaptive coordinated control, the system can ensure that all cooling, heating, and sealing requirements are met with minimal bleed air cost under any operating condition, thereby improving the overall thermodynamic cycle efficiency and economy of the gas turbine.

[0040] The operating principle of the above system is based on the energy separation characteristics of the vortex tube 4. The high-pressure airflow drawn from the intermediate stage of compressor 1 matches the optimal operating pressure range of the vortex tube 4. This airflow is accelerated by nozzles within the vortex tube 4 to form a high-speed tangential vortex. Based on the Rank-Hersch effect, energy separation automatically occurs, transforming into two streams within a single pipeline: a central low-temperature airflow and an outer high-temperature airflow. Based on this, the system flexibly distributes the two airflows to different secondary flow tasks through distribution pipelines and electric regulating valves: the high-temperature hot air can be used simultaneously or selectively for compressor inlet anti-icing, fuel preheating, and lubricating oil heating; the low-temperature cold air can be used for lubricating oil cooling and compressor interstage cooling. The condensate separator ensures the dryness and safety of the cold air leading to the lubricating oil system, while interstage cooling directly reduces compression work. After completing its task, the airflow exiting from the first heat exchanger 9 and the second heat exchanger 13 can have its parameters monitored by the system to determine the feasibility of recycling it to the main duct or using it for other purposes, thus forming a closed-loop management system. As can be seen, this system replaces the traditional complex system that requires air extraction from multiple stages by using only one intermediate extraction point and the distribution unit integrated with the vortex tube thereafter, thereby simplifying the structure and fundamentally reducing the loss of compressor main duct performance due to air extraction.

[0041] According to a second aspect of this application, an operation method for a compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tubes is proposed. (See also...) Figure 2 As shown, the operating method includes the following steps: Task determination steps: Determine the secondary flow task requirements based on at least one of the following: compressor inlet temperature, lubricating oil temperature, and gas turbine operating conditions. Air intake control steps: Based on the judgment result, adjust the opening of the first electric regulating valve (3) on the air intake pipeline to control the air intake flow rate entering the vortex tube (4); Airflow adjustment steps: Based on the judgment result, adjust the opening of the hot end regulating valve (7) on the vortex tube (4) to control the ratio of cold airflow to hot airflow; Airflow guiding step: Based on the judgment result, control multiple electric regulating valves installed in the hot air distribution pipeline and the cold air distribution pipeline to distribute the hot airflow and cold airflow to the corresponding hot load components and cold load components; Dynamic adjustment steps: Based on continuous feedback from temperature data, task status, and gas turbine operating conditions, dynamically and collaboratively optimize the control commands of the first electric regulating valve 3, the hot end regulating valve 7, and each electric regulating valve.

[0042] Specifically, in this embodiment, the task determination step continuously collects two key thermodynamic parameters—the compressor inlet total temperature and the lubricating oil temperature—in real time using temperature sensors deployed at the compressor inlet and in the lubricating oil supply pipeline. This data, combined with the gas turbine operating conditions, is used to determine the various secondary flow task requirements. This step forms the basis for subsequent control decisions. The data monitored by the compressor inlet temperature sensor is used to assess icing risk. Specifically, if the inlet total temperature is lower than the anti-icing activation temperature set according to the turbine's maintenance manual and simultaneously lower than the local dew point temperature, an icing risk is identified, and the anti-icing procedure must be activated. Simultaneously, the data monitored by the lubricating oil temperature sensor is used to determine the lubricating oil condition. If the oil temperature is lower than the lower limit of the normal operating temperature set according to the maintenance manual, a heating mode must be activated; if the oil temperature is higher than the upper limit of the normal operating temperature, a cooling mode must be activated. This real-time determination data is immediately fed back to the control subsystem as direct input signals to trigger and adjust subsequent airflow control actions.

[0043] Specifically, in this embodiment, the bleed air control step ensures that the system only activates when secondary flow tasks are required, achieving zero bleed air loss when not needed. This step is implemented by adjusting the first electrically operated regulating valve 3 on the bleed air pipeline. This step directly responds to the judgment result of the task determination step, and its core function is to manage the total amount of airflow drawn from the intermediate stage extraction tank 2 of the compressor 1 for separation in the vortex tube 4. When the system determines that one or more secondary flow tasks need to be performed, such as anti-icing, lubricating oil temperature control, fuel preheating, or intercooling, the system will instruct the first electrically operated regulating valve 3 to open to the corresponding degree to allow an appropriate flow rate of high-pressure bleed air into the vortex tube. This bleed air volume must meet the downstream multi-functional requirements while ensuring sufficient intermediate stage airflow is reserved for the compressor's own basic sealing, thereby maintaining the compressor's core aerodynamic performance. This step achieves global and on-demand management of the total bleed air volume.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the airflow regulation step is mainly accomplished by controlling the hot-end regulating valve 7 on the vortex tube 4. Its function is to adjust the temperature characteristics of the separated airflow based on a given bleed air flow rate. This step operates based on the differentiated temperature requirements of different downstream tasks. According to the inherent regulation law of the vortex tube, by changing the opening of the hot-end regulating valve 7, the flow ratio of the cold and hot air streams can be dynamically adjusted, thereby directly controlling their temperature rise and fall. For example, when a task requires a lower-temperature cold airflow for efficient intercooling or deep cooling of lubricating oil, the hot-end regulating valve 7 is adjusted to reduce the proportion of cold air flow. At this time, the temperature drop of the cold air increases, while the temperature rise of the hot air decreases and the flow rate increases. Conversely, when a task requires a higher-temperature hot airflow for rapid de-icing or efficient fuel preheating, the opposite adjustment is performed.

[0045] Specifically, the airflow guidance step, through the coordinated operation of electrically controlled regulating valves on multiple branch pipelines, delivers the temperature-regulated cold and hot airflows to designated functional components. This step achieves spatial allocation and application switching of the airflow. The hot airflow from the hot gas outlet 6 is independently controlled by electrically controlled regulating valves on three parallel branches: the second electrically controlled regulating valve 16 controls whether the airflow enters the anti-icing structure 8 of the compressor inlet guide vanes; the third electrically controlled regulating valve 17 of the lubricating oil heating pipeline controls whether the airflow flows through the second heat exchanger 13 to heat the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil pipeline; and the fifth electrically controlled regulating valve 19 of the fuel preheating pipeline controls whether the airflow flows through the first heat exchanger 9 to preheat the fuel in the fuel supply pipeline 10. In this process, for the auxiliary function of fuel preheating, the allocation of its hot airflow is based on indirect judgment of the gas turbine operating conditions or is continuously provided as a default optimization measure. The system plans and allocates a portion of the hot airflow for it in the airflow regulation step, without relying on closed-loop feedback of fuel temperature for real-time fine-tuning, ensuring the core functions of anti-icing and lubricating oil temperature control while improving the overall cycle efficiency through intelligent management. Simultaneously, the cold air flow from the cold air outlet 11 first passes through the condensate separator 12 to remove condensate, ensuring the airflow used for cooling is dry. Its distribution is then controlled by electrically operated regulating valves in two parallel branches: the fourth electrically operated regulating valve 18 of the lubricating oil cooling line controls whether the dry cold air flows through the second heat exchanger 13 to cool the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil line; the sixth electrically operated regulating valve 20 of the indirect cooling line controls whether the cold air is introduced into the indirect cooling device 15 between the compressor pre-stages. In lubricating oil temperature control, the regulating valves of the heating and cooling lines implement interlocking logic to ensure that only one mode is activated at a time. All electrically operated regulating valves can be opened, closed, and adjusted independently, enabling multi-functional, configurable parallel or selective air supply.

[0046] Specifically, the dynamic adjustment process is based on real-time sensor data and operating conditions, adaptively coordinating and continuously optimizing all the aforementioned steps globally. First, it processes composite signals from the task determination step. When multiple demands are triggered simultaneously, the system arbitrates according to a built-in priority strategy. In the optimal strategy, safety-related anti-icing tasks have higher priority, and the system dynamically adjusts the total bleed air volume in the bleed air control step, the hot / cold ratio in the airflow regulation step, and the flow distribution of each branch in the airflow guidance step to achieve optimal allocation of limited airflow resources. Simultaneously, once the demand of a specific task is met, the system can shut down the corresponding pipeline to conserve airflow, or automatically reallocate that portion of airflow resources to other active or second-highest priority demands.

[0047] Furthermore, the dynamic adjustment steps also include continuous evaluation and optimization of system performance. For example, monitoring the parameters (temperature and pressure) of the completed exhaust gas flowing out from the first heat exchanger 9 and the second heat exchanger 13, and determining whether it meets the conditions for recycling to the compressor main duct or for other purposes by combining theoretical calculations and experimental data, and executing the corresponding flow direction control.

[0048] Through the aforementioned operating mechanism of real-time feedback, multi-variable collaborative optimization, and energy recovery judgment, the system ensures that all secondary flow requirements can be met with minimal performance cost under any operating conditions, thereby maximizing the overall thermal efficiency and operating economy of the gas turbine.

[0049] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0050] The above are merely several specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of this application, should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

[0051] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0052] It should be noted that, in the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

Claims

1. A compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tubes, characterized in that, include: The compressor (1) is equipped with an intermediate stage extraction tank (2); The vortex tube (4) is connected to the intermediate stage extraction tank (2) through the air intake pipe, and the air intake pipe is equipped with a first electric regulating valve (3) for controlling the total amount of air intake. A hot gas distribution pipeline, connected to the hot gas outlet (6) of the vortex tube (4), is used to distribute hot gas flow to at least one heat load component; A cold air distribution pipe, connected to the cold air outlet (11) of the vortex tube (4), is used to distribute the cold air flow to at least one cold load component.

2. The compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot gas distribution pipeline includes an anti-icing pipeline, a fuel preheating pipeline and a lubricating oil heating pipeline arranged in parallel; the anti-icing pipeline is connected to the anti-icing structure (8) at the inlet of the compressor (1), the fuel preheating pipeline is connected to the first heat exchanger (9), and the lubricating oil heating pipeline is connected to the second heat exchanger (13); each pipeline is equipped with an independent electric regulating valve.

3. The compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: Fuel supply line (10) passes through the first heat exchanger (9); The lubricating oil supply line (14) passes through the second heat exchanger (13).

4. The compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold air distribution pipeline includes a lubricating oil cooling pipeline and an intercooling pipeline connected in parallel; the lubricating oil cooling pipeline is connected to the second heat exchanger (13), and the intercooling pipeline is connected to the intercooling device (15) between the compressor (1) and the pre-stage; each pipeline is equipped with an independent electric regulating valve.

5. The compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 4, characterized in that: A condensate separator (12) is provided between the cold air outlet (11) of the vortex tube (4) and the cold air distribution pipeline.

6. The compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vortex tube (4) is equipped with a hot end regulating valve (7) for adjusting the ratio of cold and hot airflow inside it.

7. The compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control subsystem configured to adjust the first electric regulating valve (3), the hot end regulating valve (7) and the electric regulating valves in each pipeline based on at least one of the compressor inlet temperature, lubricating oil temperature and gas turbine operating conditions.

8. A method for operating a compressor extraction and secondary flow system with an integrated vortex tube, used to operate the compressor extraction and secondary flow system with an integrated vortex tube as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Task determination steps: Determine the secondary flow task requirements based on the compressor inlet temperature, lubricating oil temperature, and system operating conditions; Air intake control steps: Based on the judgment result, control the air intake flow rate entering the vortex tube; Airflow adjustment step: Based on the judgment result, adjust the ratio of cold airflow to hot airflow generated by the vortex tube separation; Airflow guidance step: Based on the judgment result, hot airflow and cold airflow are distributed to the corresponding hot load components and cold load components; Dynamic adjustment steps: Based on continuous feedback of temperature and operating conditions, dynamically and collaboratively optimize bleed air control, airflow regulation, and airflow guidance.

9. The operation method of the compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 8, characterized in that, The task determination steps include: Anti-icing requirement assessment: When the compressor inlet temperature is lower than the preset anti-icing activation temperature and lower than the local dew point temperature, it is determined that anti-icing needs to be activated. Lubricating oil thermal management requirement assessment: When the lubricating oil temperature is lower than the lower limit of the normal operating temperature, it is determined that the heating mode needs to be activated; when the lubricating oil temperature is higher than the upper limit of the normal operating temperature, it is determined that the cooling mode needs to be activated.

10. The operation method of the compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bleed air control steps include: when it is determined that there is an anti-icing requirement, a lubricating oil thermal management requirement, or other secondary flow tasks based on the system operating conditions, opening and adjusting the opening degree of the first electric regulating valve (3) on the bleed air pipeline to introduce a bleed air flow rate that matches the total task requirements.

11. The operation method of the compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 10, characterized in that: The airflow regulation step is achieved by adjusting the opening of the hot end regulating valve (7) on the vortex tube (4), and the flow ratio of cold and hot air is dynamically adjusted by adjusting its opening, thereby controlling its outlet temperature.

12. The operation method of the compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 9, characterized in that, The airflow guiding step includes: In response to the anti-icing requirement, the opening of the pipeline leading to the anti-icing structure (8) in the hot gas distribution pipeline is controlled; In response to the thermal management requirements of the lubricating oil, the heating line leading to the second heat exchanger (13) is opened and its cooling line is closed when heating is required, and its cooling line is opened and its heating line is closed when cooling is required.

13. The operation method of the compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 12, characterized in that, The airflow guiding step further includes: based on the judgment of the gas turbine operating conditions, opening the fuel preheating pipeline and / or the intercooling pipeline.

14. The operation method of the compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 9, characterized in that, The dynamic adjustment steps include: when anti-icing and lubricating oil thermal management tasks need to be performed simultaneously, adjusting the control commands for bleed air control, airflow regulation, and airflow guidance in a coordinated manner according to the priority strategy.

15. The operation method of the compressor extraction and secondary flow system with integrated vortex tube according to claim 14, characterized in that, The dynamic adjustment steps also include: when the requirements of a certain secondary flow task are met, closing the corresponding airflow distribution branch and re-optimizing the bleed air control and airflow regulation.

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