Roof photovoltaic intelligent arrangement method and system based on shadow analysis and region cutting

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a roof photovoltaic intelligent arrangement method and system based on shadow analysis and region cutting. The method comprises the following steps: identifying a three-dimensional model of a building and a shelter; according to the geographic position and the sunlight parameters, performing three-dimensional shadow analysis by adopting a shadow projection algorithm to obtain a shadow area on the to-be-laid surface of the roof; identifying a roof contour and determining a to-be-laid area; geometric Boolean subtraction is carried out on the to-be-laid area and the shadow area, and an effective laying area is obtained through cutting; and automatically generating a photovoltaic panel arrangement scheme in the effective area according to preset parameters. According to the method, general accurate analysis of a flat roof and a pitched roof, automatic avoidance of a shadow region and full utilization of a laying area are realized, and the automation degree, accuracy and economical efficiency of photovoltaic arrangement design are remarkably improved. The problems of inaccurate arrangement, low efficiency and poor economical efficiency caused by the fact that three-dimensional shielding shadows on complex roofs cannot be accurately calculated and dependence on manual judgment in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, specifically to a method and system for intelligent rooftop photovoltaic deployment based on shadow analysis and region clipping. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing global demand for renewable energy, photovoltaic (PV) power generation, as a clean and sustainable energy form, is rapidly expanding in scale. In the building sector, utilizing building rooftops to install photovoltaic panels (i.e., building-integrated photovoltaics, BIPV / BAPV) is an important means to improve energy self-sufficiency and reduce building carbon emissions. To achieve efficient operation and maximize return on investment for PV systems, how to rationally and efficiently arrange PV panels on rooftops during the planning and design phase to fully utilize available space and maximize power generation has become a key technical issue.

[0003] Currently, in the fields of architectural design and photovoltaic system design, there are several software tools available to assist in the placement of photovoltaic panels. These tools generally provide the ability to manually or semi-automatically place photovoltaic panel modules on two-dimensional floor plans, allowing designers to set the spacing and tilt angle based on experience. However, existing technical solutions mainly have the following two limitations:

[0004] First, some software tools, when designing photovoltaic (PV) panel layouts, fail to systematically consider the shading effects of surrounding buildings and roof structures (such as elevator machine rooms, ventilation equipment, and parapet walls) on sunlight. Designers often rely on personal experience or simple visual inspection to determine whether a particular roof area is "suitable" for PV panel placement, or only design in areas that are clearly unshaded. This approach lacks scientific and quantitative analytical basis, potentially leading to two adverse results: First, designers may abandon some usable installation areas due to an inability to intuitively and accurately assess the shading impact, failing to adhere to the principle of "installing as much as possible," resulting in wasted roof resources; second, misjudgment may lead to the placement of PV panels in areas severely affected by shading during later operation, causing a significant decrease in the power generation efficiency of those modules, or even triggering hot spot effects that damage the modules, seriously affecting the overall economic efficiency and safety of the system.

[0005] Secondly, while some advanced software incorporates solar shading analysis, its results are typically limited to displaying the projection range of obstructions on a two-dimensional plan (usually a horizontal plane). This simplified two-dimensional projection analysis presents significant errors for the numerous three-dimensional curved surfaces present in actual engineering projects, such as pitched roofs and irregularly shaped roofs. The area, shape, and position of the shadow cast by the same obstruction on a flat roof differ drastically from those on pitched roofs with different slopes and orientations. Photovoltaic panel placement designs based solely on two-dimensional horizontal projections cannot accurately reflect the shadow coverage on the actual three-dimensional roof surface, leading to discrepancies between the design and actual lighting conditions. As a result, areas displayed as "shadow-free" in the software may actually be covered by shadows on the roof; conversely, some usable areas may be incorrectly excluded. This inaccuracy reduces the reliability of the design and prevents precise and optimized placement of photovoltaic panels on complex roofs.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies either lack quantitative analysis of the impact of shading, leading to blind design and economic risks; or, while conducting analysis, the models are overly simplified and cannot adapt to the three-dimensional complexity of real building roofs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can accurately analyze the impact of three-dimensional shading shadows on any roof shape and automatically and intelligently optimize the arrangement of photovoltaic panels to overcome these shortcomings, improve design efficiency and quality, and ensure the maximization of investment benefits for photovoltaic systems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address this, this invention provides a method and system for intelligent rooftop photovoltaic (PV) layout based on shadow analysis and region clipping. This solves the technical problems of existing PV panel layout design software being unable to accurately analyze three-dimensional shading shadows on complex roofs, and unable to automatically identify effective installation areas and optimize the layout, resulting in inaccurate designs, low efficiency, and poor economic performance.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0009] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for intelligent rooftop photovoltaic deployment based on shadow analysis and region clipping is provided, the method comprising:

[0010] Identify the 3D model of the building where photovoltaic panels are to be installed, as well as the 3D model of any obstructions that may block them;

[0011] Based on the set geographical location and sunshine duration parameters, the position information of the sun is calculated, and based on this, a three-dimensional shadow analysis is performed on the three-dimensional model of the obstruction to obtain the shadow area formed by it on the proposed application surface of the building roof.

[0012] Identify the intended laying surface on the roof of the building, obtain its three-dimensional contour information, and determine the intended laying area based on the three-dimensional contour information;

[0013] Perform a geometric Boolean subtraction operation between the intended laying area and the shaded area to cut off the part covered by the shadow, and obtain the effective laying area;

[0014] Based on the preset photovoltaic panel layout parameters, the photovoltaic panel layout scheme is automatically generated within the effective laying area.

[0015] Furthermore, based on the set geographical location and sunshine duration parameters, the position information of the sun is calculated, and based on this, a three-dimensional shadow analysis is performed on the three-dimensional model of the obstruction to obtain the shadow area formed by it on the intended surface of the building roof, including:

[0016] The parameters set include the latitude and longitude of the analysis location, the reference year for the sunshine analysis, and the sunshine period of interest.

[0017] Furthermore, based on the set geographical location and sunshine duration parameters, the position information of the sun is calculated, and based on this, a three-dimensional shadow analysis is performed on the three-dimensional model of the obstruction to obtain the shadow area formed by it on the intended surface of the building roof, which also includes:

[0018] The three-dimensional shadow analysis employs a shadow projection algorithm, which specifically includes: treating sunlight as parallel light and calculating its direction vector; projecting the vertices of the occluded three-dimensional model along the opposite direction of the light rays onto a target plane containing the intended surface; and connecting the projection points to form a polygonal representation of the shadow area.

[0019] Further, identifying the intended laying surface on the building roof, obtaining its three-dimensional contour information, and determining the intended laying area based on the three-dimensional contour information includes:

[0020] The area to be laid is abstracted as a planar polygon A; the shaded area is abstracted as at least one planar polygon B; the geometric Boolean subtraction operation is AB.

[0021] Furthermore, the union of all shadow areas formed by the shading object on the surface to be laid is calculated within the entire time period covered by the set sunshine time parameter to obtain the maximum shadow shading area, and this maximum shadow shading area is used as the shadow area B for Boolean operation.

[0022] Furthermore, the three-dimensional model of the building and the three-dimensional model of the obstruction are CAD three-dimensional solid models or custom solid models of Tianzheng Architecture software.

[0023] Furthermore, the preset photovoltaic panel arrangement parameters include the size of the photovoltaic panels, the arrangement tilt angle, the azimuth angle, and the arrangement spacing.

[0024] Furthermore, the building roof includes flat roofs and pitched roofs.

[0025] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout system based on shadow analysis and region clipping is provided, the system comprising:

[0026] The identification module is used to identify the 3D model of the building on which the photovoltaic panels are to be installed, as well as the 3D model of any obstruction that may block them.

[0027] The three-dimensional shadow analysis module is used to calculate the position information of the sun based on the set geographical location and sunshine time parameters, and to perform three-dimensional shadow analysis on the three-dimensional model of the shading object to obtain the shadow area formed by it on the proposed application surface of the building roof.

[0028] The three-dimensional contour information acquisition module is used to identify the intended laying surface of the building roof, acquire its three-dimensional contour information, and determine the intended laying area based on the three-dimensional contour information.

[0029] The effective laying area acquisition module is used to perform a geometric Boolean subtraction operation between the proposed laying area and the shadow area, and to cut off the part covered by the shadow to obtain the effective laying area;

[0030] The layout module is used to automatically generate a photovoltaic panel layout scheme within the effective laying area based on preset photovoltaic panel layout parameters.

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0032] This invention identifies 3D models of buildings and obstructions; based on geographical location and sunlight parameters, it uses a shadow projection algorithm to perform 3D shadow analysis to obtain the shadow area on the proposed installation surface of the roof; it identifies the roof outline and determines the proposed installation area; it performs a geometric Boolean subtraction operation between the proposed installation area and the shadow area to trim the effective installation area; and it automatically generates a photovoltaic panel layout scheme within the effective area according to preset parameters. This invention achieves universal and accurate analysis of flat and pitched roofs, automatic avoidance of shadow areas, and full utilization of the installation area, significantly improving the automation, accuracy, and economy of photovoltaic layout design. It solves the problems of inaccurate layout, low efficiency, and poor economy caused by the inability to accurately calculate 3D shading shadows on complex roofs (especially pitched roofs) and reliance on manual judgment in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0034] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the logical structure of a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout system based on shadow analysis and region clipping provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for intelligent rooftop photovoltaic deployment based on shadow analysis and region clipping, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout system based on shadow analysis and region clipping provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the business process in a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the business timing in a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the shadow projection principle in a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping, provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the shadow range in a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping, provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the effective area after the shadow area is clipped in a roof photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module in a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Existing photovoltaic (PV) panel design software on the market only offers planar PV panel placement functionality. Most do not consider the impact of surrounding buildings and roof structures on the roof PV panel placement, leaving designers to manually decide whether to place the panels or the areas to be placed. Even when considering the presence of obstructions and shadows, the software only displays the sunlight projection onto the roof in a two-dimensional plane, requiring designers to use the PV panel placement function to design the PV panel layout in areas without shadows.

[0046] If the impact of surrounding buildings and roof structures on the installation of roof photovoltaic panels is not considered, designers will not be able to intuitively know whether the proposed roof can be used to install photovoltaic panels, or whether the area where they can be installed is economical (if the area where they can be installed is too small, it will lose its economic value).

[0047] Even considering the situation of sunlight and shadows when there are obstructions, the shadow area is only displayed in a two-dimensional plane, which cannot cover the situation of pitched roofs. The same obstruction will have different projected areas on flat roofs and pitched roofs, which makes it impossible to make precise arrangements.

[0048] To implement the principle of "laying as many photovoltaic panels as possible" in photovoltaic panel installation, fully utilize the available installation area, and allow designers to intuitively and accurately see the area of ​​shadows caused by obstructions during the required sunshine hours, regardless of whether the roof is flat or pitched, displaying only the area of ​​the shadow on the intended installation surface; to automatically identify installable areas outside the shadow zone for automated photovoltaic panel placement, reducing subjective judgment and human error by designers; and to solve the technical problems of existing photovoltaic panel placement design software being unable to accurately analyze three-dimensional shading shadows on complex roofs, and unable to automatically identify and optimize effective installation areas, resulting in inaccurate designs, low efficiency, and poor economic performance.

[0049] refer to Figure 1This invention discloses a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout system based on shadow analysis and region clipping. The system includes: an identification module 1; a three-dimensional shadow analysis module 2; a three-dimensional contour information acquisition module 3; an effective laying area acquisition module 4; and a layout module 5.

[0050] Corresponding to the aforementioned rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout system based on shadow analysis and region clipping, this invention also discloses a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping. The following details a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping disclosed in this invention, in conjunction with the aforementioned rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout system based on shadow analysis and region clipping.

[0051] refer to Figures 2 to 9 This invention discloses a rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping, which identifies the three-dimensional model of the building on which photovoltaic panels are to be installed and the three-dimensional model of the obstruction that may block them.

[0052] Based on the set geographical location and sunshine duration parameters, the position information of the sun is calculated, and based on this, a three-dimensional shadow analysis is performed on the three-dimensional model of the obstruction to obtain the shadow area formed by it on the proposed application surface of the building roof.

[0053] Identify the intended laying surface on the roof of the building, obtain its three-dimensional contour information, and determine the intended laying area based on the three-dimensional contour information;

[0054] Perform a geometric Boolean subtraction operation between the intended laying area and the shaded area to cut off the part covered by the shadow, and obtain the effective laying area;

[0055] Based on the preset photovoltaic panel layout parameters, the photovoltaic panel layout scheme is automatically generated within the effective laying area.

[0056] The main process consists of three steps:

[0057] a. Configure obstruction recognition function. Identify 3D entities from CAD software or custom 3D entities from Tianzheng software and mark them as obstructions that may obstruct the target building.

[0058] b. Shading Height Analysis and Shadow Analysis Functions. The shading objects set in the first step of the process will participate in shading height analysis and shadow area analysis. For shading areas created by these objects, invalid placement areas are automatically identified when arranging photovoltaic panels, thereby intelligently calculating a reasonable arrangement scheme for the photovoltaic panels. This process consists of four steps:

[0059] a) Select the analysis location. Different locations, due to their different latitudes and varying sunlight conditions, will produce different analysis results.

[0060] b) Set the sunshine parameters. This includes the sunshine reference year, sunshine duration, solar altitude angle, and solar azimuth angle, which are used to simulate the area of ​​sunlight blocked by obstructions at different times.

[0061] c) Set the analysis height. The results of occlusion and shadow analysis are affected by the analysis height. Setting a reasonable analysis height can make the analysis results more accurate and effective.

[0062] d) Analysis and Calculation. Based on the set parameters, calculate the position of the sun at different times, and then convert the sunlight into direction vectors; describe the data of the occlusion as a polygonal mesh composed of vertices, edges, and faces. Using a shadow projection algorithm, project the three-dimensional vertices of the polygonal mesh onto a two-dimensional plane, calculate the intersection points of the sunlight rays with the plane, generate the shadow region, and connect the projection points to obtain the two-dimensional polygon of the shadow region.

[0063] c. Solar Panel Deployment Function. This function is used for the intelligent deployment of solar panels on buildings. It consists of five steps:

[0064] a) Select photovoltaic panels, set the parameters of the photovoltaic panels to be installed, and the installation parameters.

[0065] b) Select the building where photovoltaic panels are to be installed. It can recognize CAD 3D solid buildings and custom solid buildings defined by Tianzheng software.

[0066] c) The software automatically identifies the laying surface of the building, usually the roof or exterior wall. It automatically identifies the height, slope, and area of ​​the proposed laying surface, and calculates the shadow area of ​​the obstruction on the proposed laying surface based on the results of the shading height and shadow analysis.

[0067] d) Based on the outline of the intended installation surface, trim away the shaded area outside the intended installation surface to calculate the effective photovoltaic panel installation area.

[0068] e) Based on the above steps, the layout location and arrangement scheme of the photovoltaic panels are comprehensively analyzed, and the photovoltaic panels are automatically installed on the building.

[0069] This invention employs a shadow casting algorithm when calculating the occlusion height and the shadow area of ​​an object. Shadow casting is a computer graphics technique that determines the shadow area produced by an object on a specified plane by calculating the geometric relationship between light rays and the object. It is a key foundational algorithm in fields such as architectural planning and design, solar energy assessment, and computer visualization.

[0070] The core idea is to connect each vertex of an object to a point light source and extend these lines until they intersect the projection plane. The area formed by the set of all these intersection points is the shadow of the object. In the application of photovoltaic panels, since the sun is extremely far away, we treat it as a directional point light source, and its light can be considered as beams of parallel light. The key steps and mathematical model are as follows:

[0071] a. Calculate the solar direction vector. First, based on the analysis location (latitude and longitude), date, and time, calculate the solar altitude angle α and azimuth angle β using a precise astronomical algorithm. Convert these two angles into a unit direction vector S pointing from the ground to the sun. In shadow calculations, we actually use the opposite direction of the light rays -S. Its mathematical representation is as follows:

[0072] S=(Sx,Sy,Sz)=(cosα×sinβ,cosα×cosβ,sinα)

[0073] b. Geometric Modeling and Projection Surface Definition. The occlusion is abstracted as a set of vertices Vi (xi, yi, zi) in 3D space. The projection surface is defined as a plane with Z=n, based on the set calculation height. For ease of explanation of the algorithm, n=0 is assumed here.

[0074] c. Vertex Projection. For each vertex V(x,y,z) of the occluded object, we need to find the point P(X,Y,0) on the ground that it projects along the opposite direction of the ray -S, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown: Vertex V moves along the opposite direction of the ray -S, and its Z-coordinate decreases from z to 0. The Z-component of this movement is Sz. Using the proportional relationship, the total length t of the movement can be calculated, and thus the coordinates of the projection point P can be determined. Using the proportional relationship, we can obtain a simplified formula for calculating the coordinates of the projection point P: Let the scaling factor t = Vz / Sz, then the coordinates of the projection point are:

[0075] Px = Vx - Sx × t = Vx - (Sx / Sz) × Vz

[0076] Py = Vy - Sy × t = Vy - (Sy / Sz) × Vz

[0077] Pz=0

[0078] Using the above formula, the coordinates (x, y, z) of a 3D vertex can be mapped to 2D ground coordinates (X, Y) through a simple linear transformation, thus simplifying the difficulty of shadow calculation.

[0079] d. Generate the shadow polygon. After projecting all the vertices of the building (especially the key vertices that form the outline) onto the ground, connecting these projection points Pi in sequence will form one or more closed polygons. This polygon is the shadow area of ​​the occluding object at that moment.

[0080] When installing photovoltaic panels, the algorithm identifies the intended installation area based on the selected building and automatically excludes areas where installation is not possible by considering the shadows cast by obstructions within that area. This algorithm is a typical geometric Boolean operation problem. Its processing flow is as follows:

[0081] a. Convert the data of the area to be laid into a planar polygon A.

[0082] b. Convert the data of the shadow area into another planar polygon B, which is calculated by the shadow casting algorithm in the previous step.

[0083] c. Perform a Boolean subtraction operation on the two polygons, i.e., AB. The remaining portion is the valid laying area. The result of the Boolean operation may be a simple polygon, a polygon with holes, or a collection of multiple scattered polygons; or there may be no result, i.e., the shaded area completely obscures the laying area.

[0084] d. Input the processed effective area into the next step of the photovoltaic panel layout process, and arrange the photovoltaic panel modules as densely as possible according to the set parameters such as photovoltaic panel spacing and angle.

[0085] In this embodiment of the invention, it is necessary to ensure that the layout area and the shaded area use the same coordinate system. Boolean operations are sensitive to numerical precision. If the polygons have self-intersecting or very close vertices, the operation may fail. Therefore, the polygons to be calculated are simplified and tolerance-adjusted before performing Boolean operations.

[0086] Considering performance, we can find the union of the shadow polygons over all time periods to obtain a "maximum shadow occlusion area for the whole year". This way, we only need to calculate a static, most unfavorable effective area.

[0087] This invention can automatically calculate the shadow area of ​​the obstruction at different heights and slopes of the intended installation surface based on the obstruction, and simultaneously and intuitively display the shadow area in two-dimensional and three-dimensional views, allowing users to clearly understand the extent of the obstruction's impact. By identifying the intended installation surface, the system can automatically cut off areas within that surface that are covered by shadow and cannot accommodate photovoltaic panels, thereby accurately calculating the effective installation range. Furthermore, based on the geometric characteristics of the effective area, such as height and slope, this invention automatically generates and completes the optimal photovoltaic panel layout scheme.

[0088] It has the following significant effects: First, it can automatically design the layout of photovoltaic panels, whether for custom entities in Tianzheng software or building roofs drawn in CAD, whether for flat or pitched roofs; second, it can automatically avoid the shading effects of surrounding buildings and roof structures; and finally, it achieves accurate identification and full utilization of the available areas, significantly improving the rationality, economy and automation level of photovoltaic layout.

[0089] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent rooftop photovoltaic deployment based on shadow analysis and region clipping, characterized in that, The method includes: Identify the 3D model of the building where photovoltaic panels are to be installed, as well as the 3D model of any obstructions that may block them; Based on the set geographical location and sunshine duration parameters, the position information of the sun is calculated, and based on this, a three-dimensional shadow analysis is performed on the three-dimensional model of the obstruction to obtain the shadow area formed by it on the proposed application surface of the building roof. Identify the intended laying surface on the roof of the building, obtain its three-dimensional contour information, and determine the intended laying area based on the three-dimensional contour information; Perform a geometric Boolean subtraction operation between the intended laying area and the shaded area to cut off the part covered by the shadow, and obtain the effective laying area; Based on the preset photovoltaic panel layout parameters, the photovoltaic panel layout scheme is automatically generated within the effective laying area.

2. The rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the set geographical location and sunshine duration parameters, the position information of the sun is calculated, and a three-dimensional shadow analysis is performed on the three-dimensional model of the obstruction to obtain the shadow area formed by it on the proposed surface of the building roof, including: The parameters set include the latitude and longitude of the analysis location, the reference year for the sunshine analysis, and the sunshine period of interest.

3. The rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the set geographical location and sunshine duration parameters, the position information of the sun is calculated, and based on this, a three-dimensional shadow analysis is performed on the three-dimensional model of the obstruction to obtain the shadow area formed by it on the proposed surface of the building roof. This also includes: The three-dimensional shadow analysis employs a shadow projection algorithm, which specifically includes: treating sunlight as parallel light and calculating its direction vector; projecting the vertices of the occluded three-dimensional model along the opposite direction of the light rays onto a target plane containing the intended surface; and connecting the projection points to form a polygonal representation of the shadow area.

4. The rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Identifying the intended laying surface on the building roof, obtaining its three-dimensional contour information, and determining the intended laying area based on the three-dimensional contour information, including: The area to be laid is abstracted as a planar polygon A; the shaded area is abstracted as at least one planar polygon B; the geometric Boolean subtraction operation is AB.

5. The rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Calculate the union of all shadow areas formed by the shading object on the surface to be laid within the entire time period covered by the set sunshine time parameter, obtain the maximum shadow shading area, and use the maximum shadow shading area as the shadow area B for Boolean operation.

6. The rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The 3D model of the building and the 3D model of the obstruction are CAD 3D solid models or custom solid models of Tianzheng Architecture software.

7. The rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset photovoltaic panel arrangement parameters include the size of the photovoltaic panels, the arrangement tilt angle, the azimuth angle, and the arrangement spacing.

8. The rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout method based on shadow analysis and region clipping as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The building roof includes flat roofs and pitched roofs.

9. A rooftop photovoltaic intelligent layout system based on shadow analysis and region clipping, characterized in that, The system includes: The identification module is used to identify the 3D model of the building on which the photovoltaic panels are to be installed, as well as the 3D model of any obstruction that may block them. The three-dimensional shadow analysis module is used to calculate the position information of the sun based on the set geographical location and sunshine time parameters, and to perform three-dimensional shadow analysis on the three-dimensional model of the shading object to obtain the shadow area formed by it on the proposed application surface of the building roof. The three-dimensional contour information acquisition module is used to identify the intended laying surface of the building roof, acquire its three-dimensional contour information, and determine the intended laying area based on the three-dimensional contour information. The effective laying area acquisition module is used to perform a geometric Boolean subtraction operation between the proposed laying area and the shadow area, and to cut off the part covered by the shadow to obtain the effective laying area; The layout module is used to automatically generate a photovoltaic panel layout scheme within the effective laying area based on preset photovoltaic panel layout parameters.

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