UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) circuit based on storage battery
By working together with the main power module, battery module, voltage differential module and microcontroller module, the problems of voltage regulation loss and voltage imbalance in battery backup power supply are solved, and voltage balance and power supply efficiency are improved among battery packs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HEX TECH (SHENZHEN) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-10
AI Technical Summary
When the battery is used as a backup power source, there are significant losses during the voltage regulation process, and the voltage is uneven between battery packs, which leads to a decrease in power supply efficiency.
Through the coordinated operation of the main power module, battery module, voltage difference module and microcontroller module, the voltage balance and voltage difference detection of the three battery packs are achieved, the power transfer between the battery packs is controlled, and the voltage regulation process is optimized.
It reduces energy loss during power processing, improves power supply efficiency, achieves voltage balance between battery packs, and enhances the stability and efficiency of power supply.
Smart Images
Figure CN121840869A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery power supply technology, specifically a UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit based on a battery. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, with the development of science and technology, electrical equipment is increasingly being used in people's daily lives, such as automated equipment like data centers, traffic lights, and smart homes. Some of these require uninterrupted power supply, and when the power supply of the equipment fails, the battery is controlled to provide backup power. However, during backup power supply, voltage regulation is required through relevant Boost or Buck circuits. When the voltage difference between the power supplied by the battery and the power output of the Boost or Buck circuit is large, it will lead to increased losses during voltage regulation, reducing power supply efficiency. Furthermore, to provide a voltage range for the battery, battery packs are connected in series, which can cause voltage imbalances when the batteries are stationary or operating, further reducing power supply efficiency. Therefore, improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This invention provides a battery-based UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0004] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a battery-based UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit is provided, comprising: The main power module is connected to the backup control module. It is used to regulate the voltage of the main power or the first backup power or the second backup power transmitted by the backup control module, sample the voltage of the processed power and output the first sampling signal, detect the power failure of the main power and output the first detection signal when the power fails, and control the backup control module to perform power transmission. The battery module is used to store and discharge energy in series with three battery packs, and to control the voltage balance of the three battery packs through switching transistor multiplexing and inductor energy storage and discharge. The voltage difference module is connected to the main power module and the battery module. It is used to detect the voltage difference between the three battery packs in series and the first sampling signal and output the first difference signal, and to detect the voltage difference between the two battery packs in series and the first sampling signal and output the second difference signal. The voltage detection module, connected to the voltage difference module, is used to output a second detection signal when the first difference signal is less than a set difference threshold, and to output a third detection signal when the second difference signal is less than the difference threshold. The backup control module is connected to the battery module and is used to transmit the electrical energy released by the three battery packs in series and output the first backup electrical energy, and to transmit the electrical energy released by the two battery packs in series and output the second backup electrical energy. The microcontroller module, connected to the main power module, battery module, voltage difference module, voltage detection module, and backup control module, is used to control the battery module's switching transistor multiplexing and inductor energy storage discharge when the voltage difference between the highest and lowest voltage battery packs exceeds a set start-up threshold. This allows the highest voltage battery pack to perform equalization charging on the lowest voltage battery pack. During the period when a first detection signal is received, upon receiving a second detection signal, the backup control module is controlled to transmit first backup energy; upon receiving a third detection signal, the backup control module is controlled to transmit second backup energy. When both the second and third detection signals are received simultaneously, if the first difference signal is positive, the backup control module transmits first backup energy; if the second difference signal is positive, the backup control module transmits second backup energy. When neither the second nor the third detection signal is received, the backup control module transmits first backup energy.
[0005] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the main power supply module includes a power port, a third diode, a voltage regulator, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, and an output port; the backup control module includes an eleventh power transistor, a ninth power transistor, and a tenth power transistor; the microcontroller module includes a first controller; Preferably, the first end of the power supply port is connected to the anode of the third diode, the cathode of the third diode is connected to the source of the eleventh power transistor and the input terminal of the voltage regulator, the second end of the power supply port is connected to the drain of the ninth power transistor, the drain of the tenth power transistor, the ground terminal of the voltage regulator, the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the output port and the ground terminal, the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator and the first end of the output port through the sixth resistor, and the gate of the ninth power transistor and the gate of the tenth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO9 and IO10 terminals of the first controller.
[0006] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the battery module includes a first battery, a second battery, a third battery, a third power transistor, a fourth power transistor, a fifth power transistor, a sixth power transistor, a seventh power transistor, an eighth power transistor, a twelfth power transistor, and a second diode; Preferably, the first terminal of the first battery is connected to the cathode of the second diode and the drain of the eighth power transistor; the source of the eighth power transistor is connected to the drain of the seventh power transistor and the drain of the fifth power transistor; the anode of the second diode is connected to the source of the twelfth power transistor and the drain of the third power transistor; the source of the third power transistor is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor; the drain of the fourth power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the first battery and the first terminal of the second battery; the second terminal of the second battery is connected to the drain of the sixth power transistor, the source of the tenth power transistor, and the first terminal of the third battery; the second terminal of the third battery is connected to the source of the seventh power transistor, the drain of the twelfth power transistor, and the source of the ninth power transistor; the source of the sixth power transistor is connected to the source of the fifth power transistor; and the gates of the third power transistor, the fourth power transistor, the fifth power transistor, the sixth power transistor, the seventh power transistor, the twelfth power transistor, and the eighth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO3, IO4, IO5, IO6, IO7, IO16, and IO8 terminals of the first controller.
[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the battery module further includes a first power transistor, a second power transistor, and a first inductor; Preferably, the drain of the first power transistor is connected to the drain of the third power transistor, the source of the first power transistor is connected to the source of the second power transistor through the first inductor, the drain of the second power transistor is connected to the drain of the seventh power transistor, and the gate of the first power transistor and the gate of the second power transistor are respectively connected to the IO1 and IO2 terminals of the first controller.
[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the voltage difference module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first subtractor, and a second subtractor; Preferably, one end of the first resistor is connected to the first terminal of the first battery and one end of the third resistor, the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the second subtractor and connected to the second terminal of the second battery through the second resistor, the other end of the third resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the first subtractor and connected to the second terminal of the third battery through the fourth resistor, and the second input terminals of the second subtractor and the second input terminal of the first subtractor are both connected to the second terminal of the fifth resistor.
[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the voltage detection module includes a fourth diode, a fifth diode, an absolute value device, a first comparator, a second comparator, and a first reference power supply; Preferably, the first input terminal of the absolute value device is connected to the anode of the fourth diode and the output terminal of the first subtractor; the second input terminal of the absolute value device is connected to the anode of the fifth diode and the output terminal of the second subtractor; the first and second output terminals of the absolute value device are respectively connected to the inverting terminals of the first and second comparators; the non-inverting terminal of the first comparator is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the second comparator and the first reference band power source; and the cathodes of the fifth and fourth diodes, the output terminals of the first and second comparators are respectively connected to the IO11, IO12, IO13, and IO14 terminals of the first controller.
[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the main power module further includes a seventh resistor, a first optocoupler, an eighth resistor, a first voltage regulator and a ninth resistor; Preferably, the first end of the first optocoupler is connected to the first end of the power supply port through the seventh resistor, the second end of the first optocoupler is connected to the second end of the power supply port, the third end of the first optocoupler is connected to one end of the ninth resistor and the gate of the eleventh power transistor and is connected to the first voltage regulator through the eighth resistor, the fourth end of the first optocoupler is grounded, and the other end of the ninth resistor is connected to the IO5 terminal of the first controller.
[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit based on the storage battery of the present invention can be mainly powered by the main power supply module. The microcontroller module controls the charging of the battery group with the highest voltage to the battery group with the lowest voltage in the three battery groups of the storage battery module to achieve voltage balance when the voltage difference between the battery group with the highest voltage and the battery group with the lowest voltage is greater than the set start-up threshold. The voltage difference module and the voltage detection module detect the voltage difference between the three battery groups or the two battery groups in series and the main power supply, and detect the relationship between the voltage difference and the set difference threshold. Then, the backup control module selects the number of resistor groups in series with the output voltage of the main power supply module to provide backup power supply, thereby reducing the power loss when the main power supply module processes power and improving the power supply efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of a battery-based UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0014] Figure 2This is a circuit diagram of a battery-based UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit provided for an embodiment of the present invention.
[0015] Figure 3 The circuit diagram of the voltage detection module provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0016] Figure 4 The circuit diagram of the main power supply module provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0018] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 A battery-based UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit includes: The main power module 1 is connected to the backup control module 5. It is used to regulate the voltage of the main power or the first backup power or the second backup power transmitted by the backup control module 5, sample the voltage of the processed power and output the first sampling signal, detect the power failure of the main power and output the first detection signal when the power fails, and control the backup control module 5 to perform power transmission. Battery module 2 is used for series energy storage and series discharge of three battery packs, and to control the voltage balance of the three battery packs through switching transistor multiplexing and inductor energy storage and discharge. Voltage difference module 3 is connected to main power module 1 and battery module 2. It is used to detect the voltage difference between the three battery packs in series and the first sampling signal and output the first difference signal, and to detect the voltage difference between the two battery packs in series and the first sampling signal and output the second difference signal. Voltage detection module 4, connected to voltage difference module 3, is used to output a second detection signal when the first difference signal is less than a set difference threshold, and to output a third detection signal when the second difference signal is less than the difference threshold. The backup control module 5 is connected to the battery module 2 and is used to transmit the electrical energy released by the three battery packs in series and output the first backup electrical energy, and to transmit the electrical energy released by the two battery packs in series and output the second backup electrical energy. The microcontroller module 6, connected to the main power module 1, battery module 2, voltage difference module 3, voltage detection module 4, and backup control module 5, is used to control the battery module 2 to balance the charging of the battery with the highest voltage to the battery with the lowest voltage when the voltage difference between the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage exceeds a set start-up threshold. This is achieved by controlling the switching transistor multiplexing and inductor energy storage discharge of the battery module 2. During the period when the first detection signal is received, upon receiving the second detection signal, the backup control module 5 is controlled to transmit the first backup energy; upon receiving the third detection signal, the backup control module 5 is controlled to transmit the second backup energy. When both the second and third detection signals are received simultaneously, if the first difference signal is positive, the backup control module 5 is controlled to transmit the first backup energy; if the second difference signal is positive, the backup control module 5 is controlled to transmit the second backup energy. When neither the second nor the third detection signal is received, the backup control module 5 is controlled to transmit the first backup energy.
[0019] In a specific embodiment, the main power module 1 can be a main power circuit composed of a power port, diodes, voltage regulators, optocouplers, etc. It can receive main power, perform voltage regulation on the power and supply power to connected electrical equipment, sample the voltage of the processed power, detect power failure of the main power, and output a high-level signal, i.e., the first detection signal, when power fails. The battery module 2 can be a battery circuit composed of field-effect transistors, diodes, inductors, battery packs, etc. It can perform series energy storage and series discharge of three battery packs. It can also control the operation of the field-effect transistors to control the power and discharge of the inductors, so as to achieve equal charging of the battery pack with the highest voltage to the battery pack with the lowest voltage. The voltage difference module 3 can be a voltage difference circuit composed of resistors and subtractors, which can sample the voltage of two battery packs in series and three battery packs in series. The sampled signals are compared with the signals sampled by the main power supply module 1 to calculate the voltage difference. The voltage detection module 4 can be a voltage detection circuit composed of diodes, comparators, absolute value devices, etc., which can perform absolute value processing on the input signals and compare the processed signals with a set difference threshold. This difference threshold serves as the boundary between the signal output by the voltage difference detection module 3 and the power output by the main power supply module. The backup control module 5 can be a backup control circuit composed of field-effect transistors, which can control the power transmission path and control two or three battery packs in series to replace the power port for uninterrupted power supply. The microcontroller module 6 can be a microcontroller circuit composed of a single-chip microcomputer, which integrates many components such as an arithmetic unit, a controller, a memory, and input / output devices to realize functions such as signal processing, data storage, module control, and timing control.
[0020] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The main power module 1 includes a power port, a third diode D3, a voltage regulator, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, and an output port; the backup control module 5 includes an eleventh power transistor Q11, a ninth power transistor Q9, and a tenth power transistor Q10; the microcontroller module 6 includes a first controller U1. Specifically, the first end of the power supply port is connected to the anode of the third diode D3, and the cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the source of the eleventh power transistor Q11 and the input terminal of the voltage regulator. The second end of the power supply port is connected to the drain of the ninth power transistor Q9, the drain of the tenth power transistor Q10, the ground terminal of the voltage regulator, the first end of the fifth resistor R5, the second end of the output port, and the ground terminal. The second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator and the first end of the output port through the sixth resistor R6. The gate of the ninth power transistor Q9 and the gate of the tenth power transistor Q10 are respectively connected to the IO9 and IO10 terminals of the first controller U1.
[0021] In a specific embodiment, the voltage regulation device can be composed of a Boost circuit and a Buck circuit; the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 are used for voltage division sampling; the ninth power transistor Q9, the tenth power transistor Q10 and the eleventh power transistor Q11 can all be N-channel MOSFETs; the first controller U1 can be an STM32 microcontroller.
[0022] Furthermore, the battery module 2 includes a first battery, a second battery, a third battery, a third power transistor Q3, a fourth power transistor Q4, a fifth power transistor Q5, a sixth power transistor Q6, a seventh power transistor Q7, an eighth power transistor Q8, a twelfth power transistor Q12, and a second diode D2; Specifically, the first terminal of the first battery is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2 and the drain of the eighth power transistor Q8. The source of the eighth power transistor Q8 is connected to the drain of the seventh power transistor Q7 and the drain of the fifth power transistor Q5. The anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the source of the twelfth power transistor Q12 and the drain of the third power transistor Q3. The source of the third power transistor Q3 is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor Q4. The drain of the fourth power transistor Q4 is connected to the second terminal of the first battery and the first terminal of the second battery. The second terminal of the second battery is connected to the drain of the sixth power transistor Q6, the source of the tenth power transistor Q10, and the third power transistor Q5. The first end of the battery and the second end of the third battery are connected to the source of the seventh power transistor Q7, the drain of the twelfth power transistor Q12, and the source of the ninth power transistor Q9. The source of the sixth power transistor Q6 is connected to the source of the fifth power transistor Q5. The gates of the third power transistor Q3, the fourth power transistor Q4, the fifth power transistor Q5, the sixth power transistor Q6, the seventh power transistor Q7, the twelfth power transistor Q12, and the eighth power transistor Q8 are respectively connected to the IO3, IO4, IO5, IO6, IO7, and IO8 terminals of the first controller U1.
[0023] In a specific embodiment, the first battery, the second battery, and the third battery can be connected in series as three battery packs; the third power transistor Q3, the fourth power transistor Q4, the fifth power transistor Q5, the sixth power transistor Q6, the seventh power transistor Q7, and the eighth power transistor Q8 can all be N-channel field-effect transistors to control the energy storage and discharge of the first battery, the second battery, and the third battery.
[0024] Furthermore, the battery module 2 also includes a first power transistor Q1, a second power transistor Q2, and a first inductor L1; Specifically, the drain of the first power transistor Q1 is connected to the drain of the third power transistor Q3, the source of the first power transistor Q1 is connected to the source of the second power transistor Q2 through the first inductor L1, the drain of the second power transistor Q2 is connected to the drain of the seventh power transistor Q7, and the gate of the first power transistor Q1 and the gate of the second power transistor Q2 are respectively connected to the IO1 and IO2 terminals of the first controller U1.
[0025] In a specific embodiment, both the first power transistor Q1 and the second power transistor Q2 can be N-channel MOSFETs to control the energy storage and discharge of the first inductor L1.
[0026] Furthermore, the voltage difference module 3 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a first subtractor, and a second subtractor; Specifically, one end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the first battery and one end of the third resistor R3. The other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first input terminal of the second subtractor and is connected to the second end of the second battery through the second resistor R2. The other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the first input terminal of the first subtractor and is connected to the second end of the third battery through the fourth resistor R4. The second input terminals of the second subtractor and the second input terminals of the first subtractor are both connected to the second end of the fifth resistor R5.
[0027] In a specific embodiment, both the first subtractor and the second subtractor can be composed of an operational amplifier and a resistor. Specifically, the voltage of the signal input to the first input terminal is subtracted from the voltage of the signal input to the second input terminal.
[0028] Furthermore, the voltage detection module 4 includes a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, an absolute value device, a first comparator A1, a second comparator A2, and a first reference power supply VF1; Specifically, the first input terminal of the absolute value device is connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4 and the output terminal of the first subtractor; the second input terminal of the absolute value device is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D5 and the output terminal of the second subtractor; the first and second output terminals of the absolute value device are respectively connected to the inverting terminals of the first comparator A1 and the second comparator A2; the non-inverting terminal of the first comparator A1 is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the second comparator A2 and the first reference band power source; and the cathodes of the fifth diode D5, the fourth diode D4, the output terminals of the first comparator A1 and the second comparator A2 are respectively connected to the IO11, IO12, IO13 and IO14 terminals of the first controller U1.
[0029] In a specific embodiment, the aforementioned absolute value device may be composed of an operational amplifier, a resistor, a diode, and a capacitor, transmitting the input signal in a positive state and performing absolute value processing on the signal in a negative state; the aforementioned first reference power supply VF1 provides a difference threshold; the aforementioned fourth diode D4 and fifth diode D5 respectively transmit the first difference signal and the second difference signal in a positive state output by the first subtractor and the second subtractor, and then the first controller U1 knows the positive and negative states of the first difference signal and the second difference signal.
[0030] Furthermore, the main power module 1 also includes a seventh resistor R7, a first optocoupler U2, an eighth resistor R8, a first voltage regulator VCC1, and a ninth resistor R9; Specifically, the first end of the first optocoupler U2 is connected to the first end of the power supply port through the seventh resistor R7, the second end of the first optocoupler U2 is connected to the second end of the power supply port, the third end of the first optocoupler U2 is connected to one end of the ninth resistor R9 and the gate of the eleventh power transistor Q11 and is connected to the first voltage regulator VCC1 through the eighth resistor R8, the fourth end of the first optocoupler U2 is grounded, and the other end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the IO5 terminal of the first controller U1.
[0031] In a specific embodiment, the first optocoupler U2 can be a PC817 optocoupler.
[0032] This embodiment describes the working principle of a battery-based UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit: Main power is received through the power port, transmitted via the third diode D3, and regulated by a voltage regulator. The regulated power is then transmitted to the connected electrical equipment through the output port. Simultaneously, the first, second, and third batteries are connected in series. When the voltage difference between the highest and lowest voltage battery groups exceeds a set start-up threshold, the first controller U1 controls the highest voltage battery group to perform equalization charging on the lowest voltage battery group. Specifically, when the voltage difference between the first and third batteries exceeds the start-up threshold, the IO8, IO2, and IO3 terminals of the first controller U1 control the eighth power transistor Q8, the second power transistor Q8, and the third power transistor Q9, respectively. Q2 and the third power transistor Q3 are turned on, thereby controlling the circuit formed by the first battery, the eighth power transistor Q8, the second power transistor Q2, the first inductor L1, the first power transistor Q1, the third power transistor Q3, and the fourth power transistor Q4. The first battery discharges, and the first inductor L1 stores energy. Then, the IO5 and IO1 terminals of the first controller U1 control the fifth power transistor Q5 and the first power transistor Q1 to turn on, respectively. The first inductor L1, the second power transistor Q2, the fifth power transistor Q5, the sixth power transistor Q6, the third battery, the twelfth power transistor Q12, and the first power transistor Q1 form a circuit, so that the first inductor L1 discharges to the third battery, thereby maintaining the voltage balance between the first battery and the third battery. At the same time, the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 connect the first battery in series with the first power transistor Q4. The voltage of the first, second, and third batteries is sampled and subtracted from the first sampled signal sampled by the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 using the first subtractor. A first difference signal is output. If this first difference signal can be transmitted to the IO2 terminal of the first controller U1 via the fourth diode D4, it indicates that the voltage of the first, second, and third batteries in series is greater than the voltage output by the voltage regulator. The first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 sample the voltage of the first and second batteries in series and subtract it from the first sampled signal, outputting a second difference signal. Similarly, this second difference signal can be transmitted via the fifth diode D5, indicating that the voltage of the first and second batteries in series is greater than the voltage output by the voltage regulator. Simultaneously, through… The absolute value device processes the first and second difference signals using absolute values. The processed signals are then compared to a difference threshold voltage using first comparator A1 and second comparator A2. When the first difference signal is less than the set difference threshold, first comparator A1 outputs a second detection signal, indicating that the voltages output by the series-connected first, second, and third batteries are similar to those output by the voltage regulation module. When the second difference signal is less than the difference threshold, second comparator A2 outputs a third detection signal, indicating that the voltages output by the series-connected first and second batteries are similar. In the event of a power outage, the first optocoupler U2 will be turned off, and the first voltage regulator VCC1 and the eighth resistor R8 will provide the first detection signal, triggering the eleventh power transistor Q11 to conduct.During the period when the first controller U1 receives the first detection signal at its IO15 terminal, if the first controller U1 only receives the second detection signal, its IO9 terminal will control the ninth power transistor Q9 to conduct, transferring the first backup power to the voltage regulator. If the first controller U1 receives the third detection signal, its IO10 terminal will control the tenth power transistor Q10 to conduct, transferring the second backup power to the voltage regulator. If both the second and third detection signals are received simultaneously, if the first difference signal is positive, the ninth power transistor Q9 will conduct to supply the first backup power; if the second difference signal is positive, the tenth power transistor Q10 will conduct to supply the second backup power. This allows the voltage regulator module to prioritize voltage reduction, improving power supply efficiency. If neither the second nor the third detection signal is received... When a signal is detected, it indicates that the voltage difference between the first, second, and third batteries in series, or the first and second batteries in series, and the voltage output of the voltage regulator is large. In this case, the first, second, and third batteries in series will be discharged, meaning the backup control module 5 will transmit the first backup power. During the discharge of the first and second batteries in series, the IO6, IO2, and IO16 terminals of the first controller U1 control the sixth power transistor Q6, the second power transistor Q2, and the twelfth power transistor Q12 to conduct, respectively. This allows the first inductor L1 to store the energy released by the third battery. Then, the first controller controls the sixth power transistor Q6 and the second power transistor Q2 to conduct through the corresponding IO ports, thereby enabling the first inductor L1 to charge the first and second batteries in series.
[0033] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
[0034] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit based on a storage battery, characterized in that, The circuit includes: The main power module is connected to the backup control module. It is used to regulate the voltage of the main power or the first backup power or the second backup power transmitted by the backup control module, sample the voltage of the processed power and output the first sampling signal, detect the power failure of the main power and output the first detection signal when the power fails, and control the backup control module to perform power transmission. The battery module is used to store and discharge energy in series with three battery packs, and to control the voltage balance of the three battery packs through switching transistor multiplexing and inductor energy storage and discharge. The voltage difference module is connected to the main power module and the battery module. It is used to detect the voltage difference between the three battery packs in series and the first sampling signal and output the first difference signal, and to detect the voltage difference between the two battery packs in series and the first sampling signal and output the second difference signal. The voltage detection module, connected to the voltage difference module, is used to output a second detection signal when the first difference signal is less than a set difference threshold, and to output a third detection signal when the second difference signal is less than the difference threshold. The backup control module is connected to the battery module and is used to transmit the electrical energy released by the three battery packs in series and output the first backup electrical energy, and to transmit the electrical energy released by the two battery packs in series and output the second backup electrical energy. The microcontroller module, connected to the main power module, battery module, voltage difference module, voltage detection module, and backup control module, is used to control the battery module's switching transistor multiplexing and inductor energy storage discharge when the voltage difference between the highest and lowest voltage battery packs exceeds a set start-up threshold. This allows the highest voltage battery pack to perform equalization charging on the lowest voltage battery pack. During the period when a first detection signal is received, upon receiving a second detection signal, the backup control module is controlled to transmit first backup energy; upon receiving a third detection signal, the backup control module is controlled to transmit second backup energy. When both the second and third detection signals are received simultaneously, if the first difference signal is positive, the backup control module transmits first backup energy; if the second difference signal is positive, the backup control module transmits second backup energy. When neither the second nor the third detection signal is received, the backup control module transmits first backup energy.
2. The UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit based on a storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main power supply module includes a power port, a third diode, a voltage regulator, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, and an output port; the backup control module includes an eleventh power transistor, a ninth power transistor, and a tenth power transistor; the microcontroller module includes a first controller. The first end of the power supply port is connected to the anode of the third diode, the cathode of the third diode is connected to the source of the eleventh power transistor and the input terminal of the voltage regulator, the second end of the power supply port is connected to the drain of the ninth power transistor, the drain of the tenth power transistor, the ground terminal of the voltage regulator, the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the output port and the ground terminal, the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator and the first end of the output port through the sixth resistor, and the gate of the ninth power transistor and the gate of the tenth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO9 and IO10 terminals of the first controller.
3. A UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit based on a storage battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery module includes a first battery, a second battery, a third battery, a third power transistor, a fourth power transistor, a fifth power transistor, a sixth power transistor, a seventh power transistor, an eighth power transistor, a twelfth power transistor, and a second diode. The first terminal of the first battery is connected to the cathode of the second diode and the drain of the eighth power transistor. The source of the eighth power transistor is connected to the drain of the seventh power transistor and the drain of the fifth power transistor. The anode of the second diode is connected to the source of the twelfth power transistor and the drain of the third power transistor. The source of the third power transistor is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor. The drain of the fourth power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the first battery and the first terminal of the second battery. The second terminal of the second battery is connected to the drain of the sixth power transistor, the source of the tenth power transistor, and the first terminal of the third battery. The second terminal of the third battery is connected to the source of the seventh power transistor, the drain of the twelfth power transistor, and the source of the ninth power transistor. The source of the sixth power transistor is connected to the source of the fifth power transistor. The gates of the third power transistor, the fourth power transistor, the fifth power transistor, the sixth power transistor, the seventh power transistor, the twelfth power transistor, and the eighth power transistor are respectively connected to the IO3, IO4, IO5, IO6, IO7, IO16, and IO8 terminals of the first controller.
4. A UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit based on a storage battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The battery module also includes a first power transistor, a second power transistor, and a first inductor; The drain of the first power transistor is connected to the drain of the third power transistor, the source of the first power transistor is connected to the source of the second power transistor through the first inductor, the drain of the second power transistor is connected to the drain of the seventh power transistor, and the gate of the first power transistor and the gate of the second power transistor are respectively connected to the IO1 and IO2 terminals of the first controller.
5. A UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit based on a storage battery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The voltage difference module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first subtractor, and a second subtractor; One end of the first resistor is connected to the first terminal of the first battery and one end of the third resistor. The other end of the first resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the second subtractor and is connected to the second terminal of the second battery through the second resistor. The other end of the third resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the first subtractor and is connected to the second terminal of the third battery through the fourth resistor. The second input terminals of the second subtractor and the second input terminals of the first subtractor are both connected to the second terminal of the fifth resistor.
6. A UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit based on a storage battery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The voltage detection module includes a fourth diode, a fifth diode, an absolute value device, a first comparator, a second comparator, and a first reference power supply; The first input terminal of the absolute value device is connected to the anode of the fourth diode and the output terminal of the first subtractor. The second input terminal of the absolute value device is connected to the anode of the fifth diode and the output terminal of the second subtractor. The first and second output terminals of the absolute value device are respectively connected to the inverting terminals of the first and second comparators. The non-inverting terminal of the first comparator is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the second comparator and the first reference band power source. The cathodes of the fifth and fourth diodes, the output terminals of the first and second comparators are respectively connected to the IO11, IO12, IO13, and IO14 terminals of the first controller.
7. A UPS uninterruptible power supply circuit based on a storage battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main power module also includes a seventh resistor, a first optocoupler, an eighth resistor, a first voltage regulator, and a ninth resistor; The first end of the first optocoupler is connected to the first end of the power supply port through the seventh resistor, the second end of the first optocoupler is connected to the second end of the power supply port, the third end of the first optocoupler is connected to one end of the ninth resistor and the gate of the eleventh power transistor and is connected to the first voltage regulator through the eighth resistor, the fourth end of the first optocoupler is grounded, and the other end of the ninth resistor is connected to the IO5 terminal of the first controller.