Predictive main and standby power supply switching system for airborne equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a predictive main and standby power supply switching system for airborne equipment, and relates to the technical field of power supply control. The system comprises a main power supply path, a standby power supply path, a health degree monitoring module, a central control module and an anti-interference pre-switching unit. The health degree monitoring module collects wide-temperature ripple, vibration coupling temperature and dynamic response multi-dimensional parameters of the main power supply; the central control module executes a three-level early warning mechanism through a multi-dimensional parameter fusion algorithm, and activates the pre-switching unit before a fault to enable the standby power supply to be in a critical conduction state; a multi-dimensional parameter fusion and voting mechanism is adopted, and a microsecond delay turn-off time sequence realizes seamless switching. The method combines wide-temperature ripple temperature compensation, vibration filtering temperature acquisition and task gap dynamic response test to solve the problem of response lag of an existing main and standby dual-power switching scheme in an extreme environment, and is suitable for an aviation high-reliability scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power control technology, and in particular to a predictive primary / backup power switching system for airborne equipment. It can be applied to the power supply systems of key components such as aircraft avionics systems, flight control systems, and airborne communication equipment, and belongs to the power reliability assurance technology in the field of avionics technology. Background Technology

[0002] In modern avionics systems, the power module of airborne electronic products is responsible for the primary power supply to the receiver. After surge protection, backflow prevention, and filtering design, it is converted into the secondary power supply required by various functional modules, providing power support for all functions of the product. Therefore, the reliability of the airborne product power unit is one of the core elements to ensure flight safety. Current airborne product designs generally adopt a primary / backup dual-power redundant design to improve the availability, safety, and reliability of the power module. According to the RTCA DO-160G standard, airborne electronic product power supplies must operate stably in a wide temperature range of -55℃ to 125℃, under vibration conditions of 10Hz to 2000Hz / 15g, and electromagnetic radiation of 100V / m. However, existing primary / backup dual-power switching technology has the following shortcomings: Lagging fault response: Existing solutions rely solely on output voltage or current thresholds for passive switching. The response time depends entirely on the hardware design of the switching circuit. In terms of hardware, the primary and backup switching is basically implemented using delay units to achieve the primary and backup selection logic. The power switching time is greater than 200μs, which cannot meet the power interruption requirements of high-safety equipment such as airborne electronic products like inertial navigation units.

[0003] Insufficient environmental adaptability: The wide temperature cycling of airborne products accelerates the aging of capacitors by 3-5 times. The existing switching scheme has no temperature compensation mechanism, and the ripple detection error reaches 30% at -55℃. The temperature sensor has no vibration reduction design, and the temperature measurement fluctuates by ±5℃ under 1000Hz vibration, resulting in a high false trigger rate.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a power switching solution that combines predictive judgment with adaptability to extreme environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a predictive primary / backup power switching system for airborne equipment to ensure rapid and seamless switching between primary and backup power supplies in extreme aviation environments, thereby improving the safety and availability of power supplies for airborne products.

[0006] This application provides the following technical solution: a predictive primary / backup power switching system for airborne equipment, comprising: Main power supply path control unit, backup power supply path control unit, health monitoring module, central control module, anti-interference pre-switching unit, and main / backup power supply selection unit; The main power supply path control unit and the backup power supply path control unit are symmetrically arranged. The health monitoring module is connected to the main power supply path control unit. The health monitoring module includes a wide temperature ripple detection unit, a vibration coupling temperature detection unit, and a dynamic response detection unit to detect and collect multi-dimensional parameter information output by the main power supply path control unit, including voltage ripple, main power temperature, and dynamic response parameters, and convert the collected multi-dimensional parameter information into digital signals and output them to the central control module. The central control module is connected to the health monitoring module and is used to receive the multi-dimensional parameter information output by the health monitoring module, execute a three-level early warning mechanism, output a switching control command, and execute the switching control command through the anti-interference pre-switching unit to complete the automatic switching of the main and backup power supplies in the main and backup power selection unit. The three-level early warning mechanism includes: The central control module detects the received multi-dimensional parameter information. If any single parameter among voltage ripple, main power supply temperature, and dynamic response parameters is abnormal, a retest is initiated. If any two parameters are abnormal, the anti-interference pre-switching unit is activated. If all three parameters are abnormal or reach the fault threshold, the automatic switching of the main and backup power supplies is triggered. Furthermore, after the backup power supply is fully turned on, the main power supply is cut off after a set delay.

[0007] According to one embodiment of this application, the system structure includes: Main power supply control unit: includes a first aerospace-grade power controller and a first power switch group driven by it. The first power switch group includes N-channel MOSFETs connected in parallel and fixed to a 3mm thick aluminum heat sink by φ3mm screws.

[0008] Backup power supply control unit: symmetrically arranged with the main power supply, including a second aerospace-grade power controller and a second power switch group. It forms a hot backup structure with the main power supply.

[0009] Primary and backup power selection unit: The primary and backup power selection logic is implemented using comparators and delay units.

[0010] Health Monitoring Module: Wide-Temperature Ripple Detection Unit: Includes a filter capacitor and a high-precision resistor, acquiring ripple signals in the 10kHz-1MHz frequency band via an instrumentation amplifier. Vibration Coupled Temperature Detection Unit: Includes an NTC sensor, which is fixed to the surface of the main power inductor with vibration damping adhesive. The sampling circuit uses a series resistor and capacitor to form an RC filter network. Dynamic Response Detection Unit: Includes a MOSFET switch and a sampling resistor. The MOSFET switch is controlled by a pulse signal output from the central control module.

[0011] Central control module: Employs a dual-core lockstep MCU.

[0012] Anti-interference pre-switching unit: includes tantalum polymer capacitor and dual-channel charge pump.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the main / standby power switching method of the system includes: S1: Parameter Acquisition: Wide-temperature ripple acquisition: Acquire data every 5ms, using a temperature compensation threshold algorithm.

[0014] Vibration-temperature coupled acquisition: 1kHz sampling rate, calculate mechanical vibration frequency, apply band-stop filter to filter out vibration noise, apply moving average filter to calculate temperature change rate dT / dt.

[0015] Dynamic response parameter acquisition: Inject a step current during the system frame interval and acquire the voltage recovery time, overshoot, and number of oscillations.

[0016] S2: Level 3 Warning: The system employs multi-dimensional parameter weight fusion and logical voting to determine whether parameters are abnormal.

[0017] Level 1: Single parameter anomaly, shorten the sampling period to 1ms and start retesting.

[0018] Level 2: Dual-parameter anomaly, activates the pre-switching unit to bring the backup power supply to a critical conduction state.

[0019] Switching trigger: When the three parameters are abnormal or reach the fault threshold, the switch is initiated directly.

[0020] S3: Switching Execution: After the backup power supply is fully turned on, the main power supply is cut off after a delay of 8μs.

[0021] S4: Fault Log: Stores fault data and outputs it via the aviation bus.

[0022] This invention provides a predictive primary / backup power switching system for airborne equipment. Compared with existing automatic primary / backup dual power switching methods, this system includes a primary power path, a backup power path, a health monitoring module, a central control module, and an anti-interference pre-switching unit. The health monitoring module collects multi-dimensional parameters of the primary power supply, including wide-temperature ripple, vibration coupling temperature, and dynamic response. The central control module executes a three-level early warning mechanism through a three-dimensional parameter fusion algorithm, activating the pre-switching unit before a fault occurs to bring the backup power supply to a critical conduction state. Seamless switching is achieved using a "two-out-of-three" voting mechanism and a microsecond-delayed shutdown timing sequence. This method has the following advantages: (1) Predictive fault identification: By integrating multi-dimensional parameters, progressive circuit faults such as capacitor aging can be identified in advance, thus solving the problem of passive response in traditional solutions.

[0023] (2) Extreme environment adaptation: wide temperature ripple detection error <3mV, temperature fluctuation ±0.5℃ under vibration environment, false trigger rate 0.

[0024] (3) High-speed seamless switching: switching time <30μs, voltage fluctuation <180mV, meeting the "zero interruption" requirement of airborne electronic systems.

[0025] (4) Improved availability and reliability: The switching device and method involved in the invention do not affect the reliability of the main and backup dual power supply circuit. The detection unit or switching unit is isolated from the main and backup power supply paths, and the fault cannot spread. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a predictive primary / backup dual-power automatic switching device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the predictive primary / standby switchover method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a three-level early warning mechanism based on multi-dimensional parameter fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the wide-temperature ripple detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the vibration-coupled temperature detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the dynamic response detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a predictive automatic switching device and method for primary and backup dual power supplies. The switching device includes: a primary power supply path unit, a backup power supply path unit, a health monitoring module, a central control module, an anti-interference pre-switching unit, and a primary / backup dual power supply selection unit.

[0031] The main power supply path control unit includes a first aerospace-grade power controller and a first power switch group driven by it. The power controller is used to perform main power surge suppression, overvoltage, and undervoltage protection functions. The first power switch group includes parallel N-channel MOSFETs, which are fixed to a 3mm thick aluminum heat sink by φ3mm screws. The first power switch group has the functions of turning on and off the main power supply path and the function of preventing reverse power flow.

[0032] The backup power supply path unit is symmetrically arranged with the main power supply path, including a second aerospace-grade power controller and a second power switch group. The power controller is used to complete the backup power supply surge suppression, overvoltage and undervoltage protection functions. The second power switch group has the backup power supply path opening and closing functions as well as backup power supply backflow prevention function.

[0033] The health monitoring module is connected to the main power supply control unit and includes a wide temperature ripple detection unit, a vibration coupling temperature detection unit, and a dynamic response detection unit. Its purpose is to collect the main power supply output voltage ripple, main power supply temperature, and dynamic response parameters, and convert them into digital signals to be output to the central control module.

[0034] The central control module is connected to the health monitoring module and is used to receive multi-dimensional parameter information from the health monitoring module, and execute a three-level early warning method to output switching control commands (signals) to complete the automatic switching of main and backup power supplies.

[0035] The central control module uses a dual-core lockstep MCU, which includes a lockstep core and a monitoring core.

[0036] The anti-interference pre-switching unit includes a tantalum polymer capacitor and a dual-channel charge pump.

[0037] In some embodiments, the central control module includes an MCU, a power supply, a clock, and a reset module, wherein the MCU clock and reset signals are generated by the clock and reset module, and the MCU power supply is provided by the power supply module.

[0038] In this embodiment, while the main power supply path remains powered, Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a predictive primary / backup power switching method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes four parts: environmental adaptive parameter acquisition, airborne safety-level status assessment, switching execution, and fault recording.

[0039] In this embodiment, the environmental adaptive parameter acquisition separates and detects the main power supply output voltage ripple under temperature compensation; monitors the main power supply temperature under vibration coupling; and performs dynamic response testing on the main power supply injected with a step load and detects the dynamic performance indicators.

[0040] Optionally, the above three-dimensional parameters can be collected during a system task execution interval.

[0041] In this embodiment, the purpose of the airborne safety-level state assessment is to group and vote on the environmental adaptive parameter acquisition results. The voting rule is a three-level early warning mechanism based on a multi-dimensional parameter fusion algorithm. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the voting rules are: Acquiring three-dimensional parameters K1, K2, K3 And based on the weight ratio of the three parameters w1, w2, w3 ,get K1*w1, K2*w2, K3*w3 w3 with K1*w1+K2*w2+K3*w3; If any single parameter among the three collected parameters Ki*wi If (where i=1,2,3) is abnormal, the system will retest the parameter to avoid interference leading to misjudgment; If any two parameters are abnormal, the "two out of three" voting mechanism is triggered, and it is determined that there is a risk of failure in the main power supply, and the pre-switching process is immediately started. If all three parameters are abnormal, an emergency switchover will be triggered directly.

[0042] Optionally, in some embodiments, the above voting rules can be implemented using software, FPGA hardware acceleration, or hardware circuitry.

[0043] Optionally, in some embodiments, the above voting rules may also be used. K1*w1+K2*w2+K3*w3 The value is used to determine the outcome.

[0044] In this embodiment, the switching process is divided into three steps: backup power supply turn-on, 8us time delay, and main power supply turn-off, thereby completing the seamless switching between main and backup power supplies.

[0045] Optionally, the specific threshold for the time delay can be set according to the circuit switching requirements.

[0046] In this embodiment, the fault record is the collection and recording of environmental parameter values, abnormal parameter values, and voting results.

[0047] Optionally, other functional parameters can be added or removed from the fault log according to the actual design.

[0048] In this embodiment, the power controllers in the main power supply path control unit and the backup power supply path control unit are implemented using the LTC4364 chip from LINEAR, and the first power switch group and the second power switch group are both implemented using the SI7880ADP chip from VISHAY in parallel.

[0049] In this embodiment, the filter capacitor and high-precision resistor in the wide-temperature ripple detection unit are implemented using TDK's C3225X7R1H104K and MURATA's NCP18WF104F03RC, respectively, and the instrumentation amplifier is implemented using ADI's AD620 chip.

[0050] In this embodiment, the central control module is implemented using a TI TMS5704357 dual-core lockstep MCU chip. In the vibration-coupled temperature detection unit, the NTC sensor (Rt) is fixed to the main power inductor using vibration-damping adhesive with a hardness of 60 Shore A to eliminate interference from vibrations above 1000Hz on temperature measurement.

[0051] Optionally, the NTC sensor is fixed to the main power inductor for vibration-coupled temperature acquisition, or a PT1000 platinum resistance thermometer or other temperature measurement methods can be used.

[0052] According to one specific embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the wide-temperature ripple detection unit described in this embodiment includes a ripple extraction unit, a signal amplification unit, a temperature acquisition unit, and a temperature compensation module. A high-frequency voltage output signal (10kΩ-1MHz) is extracted from the main power supply output terminal to achieve ripple separation. In the signal amplification unit, an instrumentation amplifier with a fixed gain is used to amplify the high-frequency small signal, and the amplified signal is output to the central control module. To compensate for ripple characteristic fluctuations caused by temperature changes in components in the main power supply path, and to offset temperature drift errors in the ripple extraction unit and signal amplification unit, ensuring the accuracy of the acquired data, a threshold dynamic correction parameter is used in the temperature compensation module. After compensation, the temperature T1 = V. ms ×[1+0.002×(T+55)], where T is the current temperature (°C), and V msThis is the ripple influence factor. The compensation value is output to the central control module, which ultimately completes the ripple signal acquisition.

[0053] According to one specific embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the vibration-coupled temperature detection unit in this embodiment includes a temperature sensing unit, a hardware filtering unit, a software filtering unit, and a temperature change rate analysis module. The NTC sensor is fixed to the main power supply path inductor with vibration damping adhesive to collect the temperature parameters of the main power supply path. The hardware filtering unit uses an RC low-pass filter to filter out high-frequency vibration interference in the temperature acquisition. The vibration frequency... f=K*log(1+A) Where A is the vibration amplitude and K is the coupling coefficient. A band-stop filter (10Hz-2000Hz) is used to filter out airborne environmental vibration noise. A moving average algorithm is used in the software filtering unit to correct for temperature anomalies, ensuring continuous temperature changes. The temperature change rate analysis module calculates dT / dt based on the filtered temperature value and outputs the temperature change rate to the central control module, which ultimately completes the acquisition of vibration-coupled temperature parameters.

[0054] Optionally, the software filtering algorithm can be one of the following: sliding window algorithm, median filtering, or exponential weighted average algorithm.

[0055] According to one specific embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the dynamic response detection unit in this embodiment includes a step load generation unit, a time synchronization unit, a dynamic response acquisition unit, and a response parameter calculation unit. The testing process is as follows: the synchronization unit triggers a test command during system frame intervals, the step load generation unit generates a 50% step load, the dynamic response acquisition unit samples the waveform signal using a high-speed ADC, and the response parameter calculation unit analyzes and calculates the recovery time, overshoot, and oscillation count of the main power supply output signal. Finally, the above parameter values ​​are output to the central control module. This invention discloses a predictive automatic switching device and method for primary and backup dual power supplies. Compared with existing primary and backup dual power supply switching methods, this device includes a primary power supply path, a backup power supply path, a health monitoring module, a central control module, and an anti-interference pre-switching unit. The health monitoring module collects multi-dimensional parameters of the primary power supply, including wide-temperature ripple, vibration coupling temperature, and dynamic response. The central control module executes a three-level early warning mechanism through a three-dimensional parameter fusion algorithm, activating the pre-switching unit before a fault occurs to bring the backup power supply to a critical conduction state. Seamless switching is achieved using a three-level early warning voting mechanism and an 8μs delay shutdown sequence. This method has the following advantages: Predictive fault identification: Through multi-dimensional parameter fusion, it identifies progressive circuit faults such as capacitor aging in advance, overcoming the shortcomings of passive response in traditional solutions. Extreme environment adaptation: Wide-temperature ripple detection error <3mV, temperature fluctuation ±0.5℃ under vibration environment, and false trigger rate of 0. High-speed seamless switching: Switching time <30μs, voltage fluctuation <180mV, meeting the "zero interruption" requirement of airborne electronic systems.

[0056] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the methods described in this invention can be implemented through hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In hardware implementation, hardware components such as CPUs, DSPs, and FPGAs can be used to execute the functions and operations described in this invention. In software implementation, they can be implemented as computer program products, which can be stored in computer-accessible storage media and used as executable code to implement specific functions. These storage media include disks, flash memory, ROM, and memory.

[0057] Those skilled in the art will understand that the method of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Hardware implementation can be based on dedicated hardware such as CPUs, DSPs, and FPGAs to perform the functions and operations; software implementation is embodied in a computer program product, stored in computer-readable media such as disks, flash memory, ROM, and memory, and functions through executable code.

[0058] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in conjunction with flowcharts / block diagrams of the methods and computer program products in the embodiments. It should be understood that these processes, blocks, and combinations thereof can all be implemented by computer program instructions, reflecting the high flexibility of the implementation steps and modules.

[0059] In practical applications, this invention does not require strict adherence to the specific order of the flowchart / block diagram. The execution order of the steps can be adjusted as needed, and even distributed across different integrated circuit modules. To optimize resource utilization, multiple steps or modules can also be integrated into a single integrated circuit module. Therefore, the embodiments of this invention possess significant flexibility and scalability in their implementation, and are not limited to specific hardware, software, or hardware-software combinations.

[0060] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A predictive primary / backup power switching system for airborne equipment, characterized in that, include: Main power supply path control unit, backup power supply path control unit, health monitoring module, central control module, anti-interference pre-switching unit, and main / backup power supply selection unit; The main power supply path control unit and the backup power supply path control unit are symmetrically arranged. The health monitoring module is connected to the main power supply path control unit. The health monitoring module includes a wide temperature ripple detection unit, a vibration coupling temperature detection unit, and a dynamic response detection unit to detect and collect multi-dimensional parameter information output by the main power supply path control unit, including voltage ripple, main power temperature, and dynamic response parameters, and convert the collected multi-dimensional parameter information into digital signals and output them to the central control module. The central control module is connected to the health monitoring module and is used to receive the multi-dimensional parameter information output by the health monitoring module, execute a three-level early warning mechanism, output a switching control command, and execute the switching control command through the anti-interference pre-switching unit to complete the automatic switching of the main and backup power supplies in the main and backup power selection unit. The three-level early warning mechanism includes: The central control module detects the received multi-dimensional parameter information. If any single parameter among voltage ripple, main power supply temperature, and dynamic response parameters is abnormal, a retest is initiated. If any two parameters are abnormal, the anti-interference pre-switching unit is activated. If all three parameters are abnormal or reach the fault threshold, the automatic switching of the main and backup power supplies is triggered. Furthermore, after the backup power supply is fully turned on, the main power supply is cut off after a set delay.

2. The predictive primary / backup power switching system for airborne equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main power supply control unit includes a first aerospace-grade power controller and a first power switch group driven by the power controller. The first power switch group includes parallel N-channel MOSFETs, which are fixed to a 3mm thick aluminum heat sink by screws with a diameter of φ3mm.

3. The predictive primary / backup power switching system for airborne equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backup power supply control unit is symmetrically arranged with the main power supply control unit, and includes a second aerospace-grade power controller and a second power switch group, wherein the second power switch group includes N-channel MOSFETs connected in parallel.

4. The predictive primary / backup power switching system for airborne equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-interference pre-switching unit includes a tantalum polymer capacitor and a dual-channel charge pump.

5. The predictive primary / backup power switching system for airborne equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wide-temperature ripple detection unit corrects the threshold using a temperature compensation algorithm: Compensated threshold = V ms ×[1+0.002×(T+55)], where T is the current temperature, V ms This is the ripple influence factor.

6. The predictive primary / backup power switching system for airborne equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration-coupled temperature detection unit adopts a dual filtering technology of mechanical and electronic. In terms of hardware, the temperature sensor is fixed to the temperature-sensitive area using vibration damping adhesive, and hardware filtering is performed in combination with RC low-pass filtering. In terms of software, vibration noise is eliminated through an adaptive weighting algorithm and a band-stop filter. The vibration frequency is f=K*log(1+A), where A is the vibration amplitude and K is the coupling coefficient.

7. The predictive primary / standby power switching system for airborne equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic response detection unit generates a step current load during the working frame interval of the subsequent load, thereby collecting the overshoot, voltage recovery time, and oscillation count of the main circuit output signal. When the parameter collection results exceed the threshold, they are marked as abnormal.

8. The predictive primary / backup power switching system for airborne equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the three-level early warning mechanism, the central control module uses a multi-dimensional parameter fusion algorithm to judge the received multi-dimensional parameter information by integrating the weights of wide-temperature ripple parameters, vibration coupling temperature parameters, and dynamic response parameters, and compares the calculation results with the set threshold to determine whether the parameters are abnormal.

9. The predictive primary / standby power switching system for airborne equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-interference pre-switching unit is connected to the main / backup power supply selection unit. When the backup power supply receives the conduction command, the charge pump charges the polymer capacitor to enable the backup power supply to reach the pre-conduction state.

10. The predictive primary / standby power switching system for airborne equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main power supply is cut off 8μs after the backup power supply is fully turned on.

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