Wireless power transfer

Abstract

A power transmitter (101) provides wireless power to a power receiver (105). The power transmitter (101) comprises a transmitting coil (103) and a driver (301) arranged to generate a drive signal to cause an output resonant circuit (103, 303) to generate the electromagnetic signal in a power transfer phase. A communicator (307) may communicate with the power receiver (105) using a communication carrier and receive data load modulated on the communication carrier. An object detector (311) may detect an object, and in response, a controller (313) controls a communicator (307) to receive configuration data load-modulated onto a communication carrier. The controller (313) initiates a power transfer phase in response to the configuration data indicating that the power receiver requests a power transfer, and initiates an update phase in response to the configuration data indicating that the update entity contains update data. The update processor (315) controls the communicator (307) to receive update data from the update entity and to perform an update operation using the update data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to wireless power transmission, and specifically, but not exclusively, to the operation of a wireless power transmission system and a power receiver for providing inductive power transmission to high-power devices (e.g., kitchen appliances). Background Technology

[0002] Most electrical products today require dedicated electrical contacts to be powered from an external power source. However, this is often impractical and requires the user to physically insert connectors or otherwise establish physical electrical contacts. Power requirements also typically vary significantly, and most devices are currently supplied with their own dedicated power supplies, resulting in users often having a large number of different power supplies, each dedicated to a specific device. While using an internal battery can avoid the need for a wired connection to a power source during use, this only provides a partial solution, as the battery will require recharging (or replacement). The use of a battery can also significantly increase the weight and potential cost and size of the device.

[0003] To provide a significantly improved user experience, the use of wireless power has been proposed, in which power is inductively transmitted from a transmitter inductor in a power transmitter device to a receiver coil in each device.

[0004] Power transfer via magnetic induction is a well-known concept, primarily used in transformers with tight coupling between the primary transmitter inductor / coil and the secondary receiver coil. Wireless power transfer between the two devices becomes possible based on the principle of loosely coupled transformers, by separating the primary transmitter coil and the secondary receiver coil.

[0005] This arrangement allows for wireless power transfer to the device without requiring any wires or physical electrical connections. In practice, it can simply allow the device to be placed near or on top of the transmitter coil for external recharging or power supply. For example, the power transmitter device can be arranged on a horizontal surface, on which the device can simply be placed for power supply.

[0006] Furthermore, such wireless power transmission arrangements can be advantageously designed so that power transmitter devices can be used with a range of power receiver devices. In particular, a wireless power transmission method known as the Qi specification has been defined and is currently under further development. This method allows Qi-compliant power transmitter devices to be used with power receiver devices that also comply with the Qi specification, rather than having to come from the same manufacturer or be dedicated to each other. The Qi standard also includes features to allow operation adapted to specific power receiver devices (e.g., depending on specific power decimation).

[0007] The Qi specification was developed by the Wireless Power Consortium, and more information can be found on their website: http: / / www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com / index.html, where, in particular, the specification documents defining the specifications can be found.

[0008] The Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) further developed the Ki specification (also known as the Wireless Kitchen specification) based on the Qi specification, aiming to provide safe, reliable, and efficient wireless power transmission for kitchen appliances. Ki supports higher power levels up to 2.2 kW.

[0009] Although such wireless power transmission methods and devices operate according to well-defined standards, the intended functionality of the power receiver and / or power transmitter may change over time. For example, these standards may be further developed and extended to provide additional functionality or services. Furthermore, new proprietary and non-standardized functions and services may be introduced and are also expected for existing and deployed equipment.

[0010] For example, like many other contemporary technologies, the Ki cordless kitchen allows for smart functionality in both the wireless power transmitter (such as a cooktop) and the wireless power receiver (such as an appliance). One example of this smart functionality is authentication, which occurs when the power transmitter or receiver, or both, need to be authenticated by exchanging encrypted certificates. Smart cooking is another example of this smart functionality, where control of the cooking process is transferred to the power transmitter when the device uploads a set of instructions defined by a recipe.

[0011] The number and content of such intelligent functions are expected to increase significantly, and subsequent revisions of the standard are expected to achieve a more diverse set of assistive functions than those implemented in the original version. However, the implementation of such intelligent functions is often proprietary, making it difficult to integrate them into deployed systems. For example, they may be based on a generic hardware-software interface, but this generic hardware-software interface is controlled by a proprietary manufacturer.

[0012] Generally speaking, the issue of providing new functionality is more pressing for power transmitters than for power receivers. Typically, the functionality of a power receiver is expected to be practical and remain unchanged over time. However, when new types of equipment are introduced into the standard, the functionality of the power transmitter may be expanded.

[0013] Furthermore, there is a desire to update the performance and operation of wireless power transmission systems to adapt to changes in system operation or scenarios. For example, additional restrictions or requirements may be imposed to increase the confidentiality, reliability, and / or security of operations.

[0014] Therefore, the ability to update wireless power transmission system components is crucial for many practical applications. We expect such updates to be reliable, user-friendly, secure, confidential, easy to implement, and practical.

[0015] Typically, device updates are performed via an internet connection, and some wireless power devices can perform updates by accessing a central server and retrieving the appropriate data. However, in many wireless power transmission applications, providing all devices with internet access or access to such a central server is impractical or even impossible. For example, power transmitter manufacturers are not obligated to implement connectivity features that could increase costs, and users may not want to integrate power devices into the network, etc.

[0016] Therefore, improved power transmission methods / systems would be advantageous, and specifically, methods that allow for improved and updated features / options, including, for example, improved reliability, user-friendliness, security, confidentiality, ease of implementation, and practicality. In particular, wireless power transmission methods / systems that offer greater flexibility, lower cost, lower complexity, improved operation, improved and updated features, and / or improved performance would be advantageous. Summary of the Invention

[0017] Therefore, the present invention seeks to reduce, mitigate or eliminate one or more of the above-mentioned disadvantages, either alone or in any combination.

[0018] According to one aspect of the invention, a power transmitter is provided for wirelessly providing power to a power receiver via an electromagnetic power transmission signal during a power transmission phase; the power transmitter includes: an output resonant circuit including a transmitter coil forming the resonant circuit and at least one capacitor; a driver arranged to generate a drive signal for the output resonant circuit to generate the electromagnetic power transmission signal during the power transmission phase; a communicator arranged to communicate with the power receiver, the communicator being arranged to generate a communication carrier and receive data loaded and modulated onto the communication carrier by the power receiver during the power transmission phase; an object detector arranged to detect an object when the power transmitter is in an idle phase; a controller arranged to control the communicator to generate the communication carrier and receive configuration data loaded and modulated onto the communication carrier in response to object detection; the controller is further arranged to: initiate a power transmission phase in response to the configuration data indicating that the power receiver requests power transmission, and initiate an update phase in response to the configuration data indicating that an update entity contains update data; and an update processor arranged to control the communicator to receive update data from the update entity, and to perform an update operation using the update data during the update phase.

[0019] This method can allow wireless power transmission entities (e.g., specifically the power transmitter itself, and / or in some cases, a power receiver later connected to the power transmitter) to implement an improved and / or user-friendly update process. This method can allow efficient updates without requiring the power transmitter to connect to a remote server or network, such as, in particular, that network. This method can allow updating wireless power transmission devices without any additional or dedicated communication functions. Instead, efficient device updates can be achieved using power transmission functions, particularly power transmission communication functions. For example, the method may allow the use of dedicated update devices (e.g., smart cards) to distribute update data, which allows for efficient updates of deployed devices while maintaining low complexity (and generally low cost) of the power transmitter. This method may reduce the functionality required to update a power transmitter or, for example, a power receiver in a wireless power transmission system.

[0020] For example, the method may be well-suited for many wireless power transmission transmitter devices, such as those used in kitchen applications where general communication functionality is not implemented. In such cases, updates can be easily achieved by the manufacturer or supplier distributing smart cards or similar physical devices (which can be simply placed within the working volume of the power transmitter), thus enabling automatic updates.

[0021] The controller may be configured to respond to object detection, control the communicator to generate a communication carrier, and receive configuration data modulated onto the communication carrier during the object detection phase; the controller is also configured to initiate a power transmission phase in response to the configuration data indicating (if the detected object is) a power receiver (existing) requesting power transmission; and to initiate an update phase in response to the configuration data indicating (if the detected object is) an update entity (existing) containing update data.

[0022] An update operation may be a device update operation, a power receiver update operation, or a power transmitter update operation. An update operation may include storing the updated data (and possibly later transmitting it to another device, such as a power receiver). An update operation may modify, delete, or add functions and / or operations performed on the power transmitter and / or power receiver.

[0023] The power transmitter may be configured to generate a communication carrier but not to generate any power transmission signal during the update phase. The controller may be configured to initiate the update phase in response to the configuration data indicating that the updating entity contains updated data but does not request power transmission. The power transmitter may be configured not to initiate a power transmission phase after the update phase (e.g., until a new object is detected).

[0024] The controller can be configured to initiate the power transfer phase or the update phase based on the configuration data for the object detection, or for a single object detection. In some embodiments, for a given object detection and based on the configuration data, the power transmitter is configured to enter only one of the update phase and the power transfer phase (but not both simultaneously).

[0025] According to an optional feature of the invention, the updated data includes authentication data, and the update processor is configured to update the stored authentication data based on the received authentication data.

[0026] This method can provide particularly efficient and / or user-friendly updates to authentication data, thereby allowing for the efficient updating and maintenance of, for example, which power receivers are permitted to be provided for wireless power supply. For instance, updated data can provide a list of revoked or verified power receivers.

[0027] According to an optional feature of the invention, the update processor is arranged to control the power transmitter to enter an idle phase after the update operation.

[0028] This allows for improved and / or user-friendly update processes.

[0029] In some embodiments, the update processor may be configured to shut down / power cycle / restart the power transmitter after the update operation (e.g., thereby putting the power transmitter into an idle phase).

[0030] In some embodiments, the power transmitter / controller may be configured to initiate an update phase in response to a configuration data indication that the update entity contains update data, and then enter an idle phase.

[0031] In many embodiments, the power transmitter can be arranged to not enter the power transmission phase due to object detection (for which configuration data indicating an updated entity containing updated data is received).

[0032] In many embodiments, the update data includes software update data for the power transmitter, and the update processor is configured to update the firmware of the power transmitter using the received firmware update data.

[0033] This method can provide particularly efficient and / or user-friendly software / firmware updates, thereby allowing, for example, efficient updates and maintenance of which power receivers are permitted to be provided for wireless power supply. For instance, update data can provide a list of withdrawn or verified power receivers. Software update data may specifically refer to firmware update data. Update data may specifically refer to update data on the power transmission operation of the power transmitter (or power receiver).

[0034] According to an optional feature of the invention, the update data includes power receiver update data, and the update processor is arranged to store the power receiver update data and subsequently transmit the power receiver update data to a given power receiver that subsequently establishes a communication link with the communicator.

[0035] This method allows for particularly efficient and / or convenient updates to power receivers in wireless power transmission systems without requiring any dedicated communication functions on the power receivers to use any communication methods other than those used for power transmission operations. This method also allows for the flexible and efficient distribution of power receiver update data to different power receivers in an ad-hoc manner.

[0036] According to an optional feature of the invention, power receiver update data is associated with desired power receiver attributes, and the update processor is arranged to transmit power receiver update data to a given power receiver only if the given power receiver has attributes that match the desired power receiver attributes.

[0037] This can provide improved and / or convenient operation and / or implementation in many scenarios.

[0038] According to an optional feature of the invention, the update processor is arranged to receive a power receiver attribute indication from the given power receiver, the power receiver attribute indication indicating the attributes of the given power receiver, and being at least one of the following: a power receiver identification indication; a power receiver device model indication; and a manufacturer indication.

[0039] This can provide improved and / or convenient operation and / or implementation in many scenarios.

[0040] According to an optional feature of the invention, the updated data includes an indication of the type of updated data provided.

[0041] This can provide improved and / or convenient operation and / or implementation in many scenarios. The updated data may include an indication of the type of update data, which is from at least one of the following groups(s): software update data, firmware update data, certification update data, power receiver update data, and power transmitter update data.

[0042] According to an optional feature of the invention, the power transmitter is arranged to select between a power transmission initiation phase and an update initiation phase when the configuration data both instructs the power receiver to request power transmission and instructs the update entity to contain update data.

[0043] This can provide improved and / or convenient operation and / or implementation in many scenarios.

[0044] According to an optional feature of the invention, the configuration data is received in an NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF) message of the Near Field Communication (NFC) protocol used by the communicator.

[0045] This can provide improved and / or convenient operation and / or implementation in many scenarios.

[0046] According to one aspect of the present invention, an update device for a wireless power transmission system is provided, the system including a power transmitter for wirelessly supplying power to a power receiver via an electromagnetic power transmission signal, the update device comprising: a memory arranged to store update data of the power transmitter and / or the power receiver; a detector arranged to detect a communication carrier from the power transmitter; and a communicator arranged to transmit configuration data and update data to the power transmitter by load modulation of the communication carrier, the configuration data including an indication of an update entity arranged to transmit the update data to the power transmitter.

[0047] This method allows wireless power transmission entities (e.g., specifically the power transmitter itself, and / or in some cases, a power receiver connected to the power transmitter later) to implement an improved and / or user-friendly update process. The update device may be physically located near the power transmitter to initiate the update process. The update device can be a low-complexity, low-cost device.

[0048] According to an optional feature of the invention, the updating device is arranged not to extract any energy from the electromagnetic power transmission signal.

[0049] This can provide improved and / or convenient operation and / or implementation in many scenarios. The updated data can be configured to extract energy from the communication carrier.

[0050] According to an optional feature of the invention, the update includes: a receiver for receiving an update process completion indication from a power transmitter, the update process completion indication indicating that the update process has been completed; and a user interface for generating a user reminder in response to receiving the update process completion indication.

[0051] This can provide improved and / or convenient operation and / or implementation in many scenarios. The update process completion indicator can indicate, for example, that the update of the power transmitter has been completed, or that update data has been received. User reminders can be, for example, LED indicators.

[0052] The power receiver may include the updated device described above, and may also be configured to receive wireless power to power a load.

[0053] According to one aspect of the invention, a method of operating a power transmitter for wirelessly providing power to a power receiver via an electromagnetic signal during a power transmission phase is provided; the power transmitter includes: an output resonant circuit including a transmitter coil forming the resonant circuit and at least one capacitor; a driver arranged to generate a drive signal for the output resonant circuit to generate an electromagnetic signal during the power transmission phase; a communicator arranged to communicate with the power receiver, the communicator being configured to generate a communication carrier and receive data loaded and modulated onto the communication carrier by the power receiver during the power transmission phase; and the method includes: detecting an object when the power transmitter is in an idle phase; in response to object detection, controlling the communicator to generate the communication carrier and receive configuration data loaded and modulated onto the communication carrier, initiating a power transmission phase in response to the configuration data instructing the power receiver to request power transmission, and initiating an update phase in response to the configuration data instructing an update entity to contain update data; and receiving update data from the update entity and performing an update operation using the update data during the update phase.

[0054] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of operating an update device for a wireless power transmission system is provided, the system including a power transmitter for wirelessly supplying power to a power receiver via an electromagnetic power transmission signal, the method comprising: storing update data of the power transmitter and / or the power receiver; detecting the presence of a communication carrier from the power transmitter; and transmitting configuration data and the update data to the power transmitter by load modulation of the communication carrier, the configuration data including an indication of an update entity arranged to send the update data to the power transmitter.

[0055] These and other aspects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent and will be explained with reference to one or more embodiments described below. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Embodiments of the invention are described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein,

[0057] Figure 1 Examples of elements of a power transmission system according to some embodiments of the present invention are illustrated;

[0058] Figure 2 An example of an electrical equivalent diagram of a power transfer function is shown;

[0059] Figure 3 Examples of elements of a power transmitter according to some embodiments of the present invention are illustrated;

[0060] Figure 4 The illustration shows an example of a half-bridge inverter used for a power transmitter;

[0061] Figure 5 The illustration shows an example of a full-bridge inverter used for a power transmitter;

[0062] Figure 6 An example of the elements of a power receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated;

[0063] Figure 7 The illustration shows examples of elements of an updating device according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 8 Examples of elements of a wireless power transmission system update process according to some embodiments of the present invention are illustrated.

[0065] Figure 9 Examples of elements of a wireless power transmission system update process according to some embodiments of the present invention are illustrated; and

[0066] Figure 10 Examples of elements of a wireless power transmission system update process according to some embodiments of the present invention are illustrated. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The following description focuses on embodiments of the invention applicable to wireless power transmission systems utilizing power transmission methods known according to the Qi or Ki specifications. However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to this application, but can be applied to many other wireless power transmission systems.

[0068] Figure 1 An example of a wireless power transmission system according to some embodiments of the present invention is illustrated. The power transmission system includes a power transmitter 101, which includes (or is coupled to) a transmitter coil / inductor 103. The system also includes a power receiver 105, which includes (or is coupled to) a receiver coil / inductor 107.

[0069] The system provides an inductive electromagnetic power transfer signal that can inductively transfer power from a power transmitter 101 to a power receiver 105. Specifically, the power transmitter 101 generates an electromagnetic signal that propagates as a magnetic flux through a transmitter coil or inductor 103. During power transfer, the electromagnetic signal transfers power to the power receiver 105 (specifically, the receiver coil 107), and is hereinafter referred to as the power transfer signal.

[0070] The frequency of the power transmission signal is typically between about 20 kHz and about 500 kHz, and for Qi-compatible systems, it is typically between 95 kHz and 205 kHz, and for Ki-compatible systems, it is typically between 20 kHz and 80 kHz. The transmitter coil 103 is loosely coupled to the power receiving coil 107, and thus the power receiving coil 107 picks up (at least a portion) of the power transmission signal from the power transmitter 101. Therefore, power is transmitted from the power transmitter 101 to the power receiver 105 via wireless inductive coupling from the transmitter coil 103 to the receiving coil 107. The term power transmission signal is primarily used to refer to the induced signal / magnetic field (magnetic flux signal) between the transmitter coil 103 and the power receiving coil 107; however, it should be understood that, by equivalent means, it can also be considered and used to refer to the electrical signal supplied to the transmitter coil 103 or picked up by the power receiving coil 107.

[0071] In the example, power receiver 105 specifically receives power via power receiver coil 107. However, in other embodiments, power receiver 105 may include a metallic element, such as a metallic heating element, in which case the power transmission signal directly induces eddy currents, resulting in direct heating of the element.

[0072] The system is configured to transmit significant power levels, and specifically, the power transmitter in many embodiments can support power levels exceeding 500mW, 1W, 5W, 50W, 100W, or 500W. For example, for Qi-compliant applications, power transmission is typically in the 1-5W range for low-power applications (basic power profile), up to 15W for Qi specification version 1.2, up to 100W for higher-power applications (such as power tools, laptops, drones, robots, etc.), and up to over 100W and over 2000W for ultra-high-power applications (such as Ki kitchen applications).

[0073] Figure 2 The diagram illustrates an example of the electrical equivalent of the power transfer function of power transmitter 101 and power receiver 105. A wide variety of power transmitters and receivers may exist in a given system, and they may have significantly different properties and parameters. For example, coil size, inductance, and load may vary significantly. Therefore, as... Figure 2 As specifically stated, system parameters may vary significantly in practice due to different equipment, mechanical structures, positioning, etc. Specifically, the placement of the power receiver, and therefore the relative positions of the receiver coil 107 and the transmitter coil 103, significantly affects the coupling between the coils, i.e., the primary (power transmitter side) inductor Lp and the secondary (power transmitter side) inductor Ls, and may therefore significantly alter the system behavior.

[0074] The operation of the power transmitter 101 and the power receiver 105 will be specifically described below with reference to a particular embodiment that generally conforms to the Qi or Ki specification (other than the modifications and enhancements described herein).

[0075] Many wireless power transmission systems utilize resonant power transmission, where the transmitter coil 103 is part of a resonant circuit, and typically the receiver coil 107 is also part of a resonant circuit. In many embodiments, the resonant circuit can be a series resonant circuit, and thus the transmitter coil 103 and receiver coil 107 can be coupled in series with corresponding resonant capacitors. Using a resonant circuit often provides more efficient power transmission.

[0076] In most power transmission systems, a communication channel is established between the power transmitter 101 and the power receiver 105 before power transmission is initiated. Once communication is established and the two devices have been identified, the power transmitter 101 can begin transmitting power to the power receiver 105.

[0077] Typically, wireless power delivery systems employ a power control loop to guide the system toward an appropriate operating point. This power control loop alters the amount of power transmitted from the power transmitter to the power receiver. Received power (or voltage or current) can be measured and, along with the setpoint power value, can be used to generate an error signal. The power receiver then sends this error signal to the power control function in the power transmitter to reduce static error, ideally to zero.

[0078] Figure 3 A more detailed illustration is provided. Figure 1 An exemplary component of the power transmitter 101 in the example.

[0079] The power transmitter 101 includes a driver 301 that generates a drive signal fed to a transmitter coil 103, which in turn generates an electromagnetic power transfer signal to provide power transfer to a power receiver 105. The transmitter coil 103 is part of an output resonant circuit that includes the transmitter coil 103 and a capacitor 303. In this example, the output resonant circuit is a series resonant circuit; however, it will be understood that in other embodiments, the output resonant circuit may also be a parallel resonant circuit. It should be appreciated that any suitable resonant circuit can be used, including resonant circuits using multiple inductors and / or capacitors.

[0080] As is well known, the use of resonant circuits, including transmitter coil 103, can provide more efficient power transmission in many scenarios and enables power transmission to be controlled by the frequency of the drive signal. Furthermore, if the power receiver also employs a resonant circuit, i.e., the receiver coil 107 is part of the resonant circuit, resonant power transmission can be achieved, which enables highly efficient power transmission.

[0081] Driver 301 generates current and voltage, which are fed to the output resonant circuit and thus to the transmitting coil 103. Driver 301 is typically a drive circuit in the form of an inverter, which generates an AC signal from a DC voltage. The output of driver 301 is typically a switching bridge, which generates a drive signal by appropriately switching the switches of the switching bridge. Figure 4 A half-bridge switching inverter is shown. Switches S1 and S2 are controlled so that they never close simultaneously. Alternatingly, S1 closes while S2 opens, and S2 closes while S1 opens. The switches open and close at a desired frequency, thereby generating an AC signal at the output. Typically, the inverter output is connected to the emitter inductor via a resonant capacitor. Figure 5 A full-bridge switched bridge / inverter is illustrated. Switches S1 and S2 are controlled so that they will never be closed simultaneously. Switches S3 and S4 are also controlled so that they will never be closed simultaneously. Alternatingly, switches S1 and S4 close while S2 and S3 are open, and then S2 and S3 close while S1 and S4 are open, thus creating a square wave signal at the output. The switches open and close at the desired frequency.

[0082] The power transmitter 101 also includes a power transmitter controller 305, which is arranged to control the operation of the power transmitter 101 according to a desired operating principle. Specifically, the power transmitter 101 may include many functions required to perform power control according to Qi or Ki specifications.

[0083] The power transmitter controller 305 is specifically arranged to control the generation of drive signals by the driver 301, and it can specifically control the power level of the drive signals, and thus control the level of the generated power transmission signal. The power transmitter controller 305 includes a power loop controller that controls the power level of the power transmission signal in response to a power control message received from the power receiver 105 during the power transmission phase.

[0084] exist Figure 3 In the example of the power transmitter, the power transmitter 101 includes a first communicator 307, which is arranged to receive data and messages from the power receiver 105 and to send data and messages to the power receiver 105 (those skilled in the art will understand that a data message may provide one or more bits of information).

[0085] In this method, communication is performed by modulating a communication carrier signal generated by a first communication coil 309. A first communicator 307 is coupled to the first communication coil 309 and is arranged to generate a communication drive signal, which is fed to the first communication coil 309 to generate a communication carrier. The first communicator 307 can typically be arranged to generate a communication drive signal / communication carrier signal having a frequency significantly different from the power transmission drive signal / power transmission signal. In many embodiments, the frequency of the communication carrier signal can be no less than 10 times, 100 times, or 500 times the frequency of the power transmission signal. In many embodiments, the frequency of the communication drive signal / communication carrier signal can have a frequency no less than 500 kHz, 1 MHz, or 10 MHz. Specifically, for an NFC implementation, the communication carrier signal frequency can be 13.56 MHz.

[0086] The first communicator 307 may be arranged to modulate a communication drive signal / communication carrier signal in order to transmit data to a power receiver (the reference to the communication drive signal in the following text also appropriately includes the implicit reference to the communication carrier signal).

[0087] In this particular example, modulation is amplitude modulation of the communication drive signal, and specifically binary communication using amplitude shift keying (ASK). However, it should be understood that in other embodiments, modulation may use other methods, such as phase or frequency modulation of the communication drive signal.

[0088] For communication from a power receiver to a power transmitter, the modulation of the communication drive signal can be load modulation. The power receiver can be arranged to modulate the communication drive signal by changing the load of the communication drive signal generated by the communication coil 309 according to the data to be transmitted. The first communicator 307 is specifically arranged to sense changes in the voltage and / or current of the communication coil 307 and demodulate the load modulation based on these changes. In a typical embodiment, the first communicator 307 may, for example, receive data from the power receiver and forward it to the power transmitter controller 305 to control the power transmission signal, etc.

[0089] In some embodiments, communication may be based on Near Field Communication (NFC) specifications, and the power receiver may specifically include NFC functionality. In these embodiments, the first communicator 307 and the first communication coil 309 may implement the functionality of (at least) an NFC reader. Thus, in some embodiments, the communication drive signal / communication carrier signal is a constant-level (excluding modulation) 13.56MHz signal.

[0090] The following description will focus on an example of communication between a power transmitter and a power receiver via NFC communication, and specifically, NFC carrier modulation from the power transmitter to the power receiver is performed by amplitude shift keying (ASK), and NFC carrier modulation from the power receiver to the power transmitter is performed by load modulation.

[0091] Figure 6 Some exemplary components of the power receiver 105 are illustrated.

[0092] The receiver coil 107 is coupled to the power receiver controller 601 via a capacitor 603, which together with the receiver coil 107 forms an input resonant circuit. Therefore, power transfer may be resonant power transfer between resonant circuits.

[0093] Power receiver controller 601 couples receiver coil 107 to load 605 via switch 607, which specifically can connect, disconnect (or even short-circuit) load 605. Power receiver controller 601 includes a power control path that converts the power extracted by receiver coil 107 into a power supply suitable for load 605. In some embodiments, power receiver controller 601 may provide a direct power path that simply connects the input resonant circuit to switch 607 or load 605; that is, the power path of power transmitter controller 303 may be implemented simply through two wires. In other embodiments, the power path may include, for example, a rectifier and possibly a smoothing capacitor to provide a DC voltage. In still other embodiments, the power path may include more complex functions such as voltage control circuitry, impedance matching circuitry, current control circuitry, etc. Similarly, it should be understood that switch 607 may only exist in some embodiments, and in some embodiments, load 605 may be permanently coupled to the input resonant circuitry.

[0094] In addition, the power receiver controller 601 may include various power receiver controller functions required to perform power transfer, particularly functions required to perform power transfer according to Qi or Ki specifications.

[0095] The power receiver controller 601 may also include functions for communicating with the power transmitter 101. For example, it may be arranged to decode and demodulate data modulated onto the power transmission signal, and may be arranged to transmit data to the power transmitter 101 by load modulation of the power transmission signal. In some embodiments, separate communication functions, such as NFC communication functions, may be employed.

[0096] exist Figure 6In the example of the power receiver, power receiver 105 includes a second communicator 609 and a second communication coil 611. The second communication coil 611 is arranged to be coupled to the first communication coil 309, and thus the communication carrier signal induces a current (at least emf) in the second communication coil 611.

[0097] The second communicator 609 is coupled to the second communication coil 611 and is arranged to determine amplitude changes in the induced signal and demodulate amplitude modulation of the communication carrier signal. Therefore, the second communicator 609 is arranged to decode data transmitted from the power transmitter via amplitude modulation of the communication carrier signal. It should be understood that in other embodiments, the second communicator 609 may be arranged to decode data modulated onto the communication carrier signal using other modulation formats, such as frequency or phase modulation.

[0098] The second communicator 609 is also configured to perform load modulation on the communication carrier signal to transmit data from the power receiver to the power transmitter. Specifically, the second communicator 609 may include a load (such as a capacitor) that can be switched between being coupled to and uncoupled from the second communication coil 611, depending on the data to be transmitted. These load modulations can then be detected by the first communicator 307 of the power transmitter.

[0099] In a specific example, the second communication coil 611 and the second communicator 609 can provide NFC-compatible communication operations. Specifically, the second communication coil 611 can be arranged to provide functions corresponding to an NFC tag and to decode data that has been ASK modulated onto a communication carrier signal according to the NFC specification.

[0100] Therefore, the second communicator 609 is arranged to transmit data to the power transmitter by changing the load of the second communication coil 611 in response to data to be transmitted to the power transmitter 101. The power transmitter 101 then detects and demodulates the load change, as those skilled in the art will know.

[0101] In this example, the second communicator 609 is also arranged to demodulate the amplitude, frequency, and / or phase modulation of the communication carrier signal in order to retrieve data transmitted from the power transmitter.

[0102] In operation, the system is configured to control the drive signal such that the power transmission signal acquires suitable operating parameters / attributes, and that the power transmission operates at the appropriate operating point. To achieve this, the power transmitter is configured to use a power control loop to control the parameters of the drive signal, wherein the power attributes of the power transmission signal / drive signal are controlled in response to a power control error message received from the power receiver. Thus, a power control loop is employed to control the power characteristics of the power transmission signal, thereby achieving the desired operating point at the power receiver. It should be understood that many other types of data can be exchanged between the power transmitter and the power receiver to support a range of functions.

[0103] The power transmitter also includes functionality to support updating the power transmitter, or in some cases, to support a power receiver coupled to the power transmitter. This method allows for such updates without coupling the device to the internet or a central update server. This method can support low-complexity and user-friendly updates, while providing an efficient approach that can be easily implemented in many systems.

[0104] The power transmitter includes an object detector 311, which is arranged to detect objects when the power transmitter is in an idle phase. In the idle phase, power transmission without power transmission signals is active, and in many cases, no communication is exchanged with any other device. In fact, in the idle phase, the power transmitter may be completely inactive except for object detection. The power transmitter can be arranged to enter the idle phase when no power receiver is detected near / coupled to the transmission coil 103. In many embodiments, the power transmitter can be arranged to enter an idle mode in response to detecting no communication receiving coil coupled to the (first) communication coil of the power transmitter. In some embodiments, the power transmitter can be arranged to enter the idle phase in response to the removal of a power receiver and / or termination of power transmission operation (specifically, if this is due to the detection of no power receiver).

[0105] The idle phase can be a phase in which no power receiver is detected or coupled to the transmit coil 103 or the first communication coil 309. During the idle phase, no coupling and / or communication link may be established with any power receiver.

[0106] Therefore, the object detector 311 can be arranged to detect whether an object is sufficiently close to the power transmitter. In many embodiments, the object detector 311 can be arranged to detect whether the load of the electromagnetic field generated by the transmitting coil 103 or the first communication coil 309 exceeds a given threshold. This is typically due to the presence of an inductor in the respective power transmitter coil or metal coupled to the respective power transmitter coil, and therefore the load of the transmitting coil 103 or the first communication coil 309 can be a good indicator of the presence of an object, particularly likely a power receiver.

[0107] If the load on the first communication coil 309 or the transmitting coil 103 (as appropriate) exceeds a threshold, the object detector 311 can specifically detect the presence of an object. The load on the coil can be determined by the power loss / resistance value provided by the coil. In many embodiments, the voltage amplitude can be kept relatively constant, and the load can simply be determined as the current amplitude (e.g., specifically the RMS value).

[0108] Object detector 311 is coupled to first controller 313, which is arranged to receive an indication that an object has been detected, and thus object detector 311 is coupled to first controller 313 and provides an indication when an object is detected during an idle phase.

[0109] In response to receiving such object detection, the first controller 313 is configured to control the first communicator 307 to generate a communication carrier from the first communication coil 309. Specifically, the first controller 313 is configured to control the first communicator 307 to generate a drive signal for the first communication coil 309, thereby generating an electromagnetic communication carrier.

[0110] The first controller 313 also controls the first communicator 307 to detect load modulation of the communication carrier. Therefore, the first communicator 307 generates a communication carrier and continues to demodulate any load modulation applied to that carrier.

[0111] Specifically, the first communicator 307 receives configuration data modulated onto a communication carrier. If appropriate configuration data is received, it is forwarded to the first controller 313, which adjusts its operation based on the configuration data. The configuration data may specifically include (explicit or implicit) an indication that the detected object is a power receiver, the configuration data sent by which the source is a power receiver. In some embodiments, this may be explicit data that directly specifies that the configuration data is transmitted from a power receiver. In other embodiments, it may be more implicit, including data transmitted solely by the power receiver.

[0112] In some cases, configuration data can indicate that the data is transmitted by an updating entity arranged to provide update data to the power receiver. Therefore, configuration data can indicate that the detected object is an updating device capable of sending update data to the power transmitter. The update data can be data used to update the operation of the power transmitter, or data actually used to update the operation of the power receiver, such as authentication data and / or firmware or software update data, which may change, add, or remove operation and / or functionality.

[0113] The first controller 313 is configured to control the operation of the power transmitter based on configuration data. Specifically, if the configuration data indicates that the object is a power receiver requesting power, the first controller 313 is configured to control the power transmitter to proceed to the power transmission initiation phase, wherein power is transmitted from the power transmitter to the power receiver.

[0114] In many cases, when configuration data indicates that the detected object is indeed a power receiver, the power transmitter will initialize power transmission according to the technical specifications and standards of the specific wireless power transmission system. For example, for Ki-compatible implementations, the power transmitter will proceed to the configuration phase, the connection phase, and the power transmission phase (or, depending on the specification, may terminate during the process).

[0115] A power transmitter can initiate power transmission by connecting it (and typically a power receiver) to a connected phase and / or a power transmission phase. The connected phase is a stage where power transmission has not yet started / no power is being transmitted from the power transmitter to the power receiver via a power transmission signal. However, during the connected phase, a communication link can be established between the power transmitter and the power receiver. In the power transmission phase, power is transmitted from the power transmitter to the power receiver via a power transmission signal.

[0116] However, if the configuration data indicates that the object is an updating device that includes update data, the first communicator 307 can control the power transmitter to enter an updating phase, during which an update operation can be performed, specifically, update data can be received from the updating device. Therefore, the power transmitter includes an updating circuit 315 arranged to control the first communicator 307 to receive update data from the updating entity and to perform an update operation using that update data during the updating phase.

[0117] In many embodiments, the power transmitter can be arranged to not initialize the power transfer phase after the update operation / phase. In many embodiments, the power transmitter / update processor 315 can be arranged to enter an idle phase after the update phase, for example, via a power cycle / reboot of the power transmitter.

[0118] In many embodiments, the power transmitter may be arranged accordingly to initialize a power transmission phase or an update phase based on configuration data and whether that configuration data indicates that the detected object is a power receiver or an updating entity. In many embodiments, if the configuration data indicates an updating entity, the power transmitter may proceed to the update phase, after which it proceeds to an idle phase. Thus, in many embodiments, the power transmitter is arranged to perform an update during the update phase, after which the power transmitter switches back to an idle state until a new object is detected before continuing the power transmission phase. In many embodiments, the power transmitter may be arranged to reinitialize the power transmitter after the update is complete. For example, a reboot may be performed on the power transmitter, in which the power transmitter proceeds to use the updated firmware / software. The power transmitter may be specifically shut down / powered down and then powered on / powered on using the new updated software.

[0119] For example, this approach can prevent the system from progressing to perform (potentially lengthy) power operations without software updates. It provides more reliable operation and typically offers a more efficient update process.

[0120] For the Ki system, the update phase can be terminated via the Reinit operation, returning the power transmitter to the idle phase. This may cause an NFC power interruption, for example, approximately 500 milliseconds, after which the system restarts and new object detections may occur.

[0121] The first communicator 307 can receive update data from the update device in any suitable manner. Specifically, the update controller 315 can control the first communicator 307 to demodulate the load modulation of the communication carrier by the update device. In some cases, the update device may automatically begin transmitting update data, for example, at a specific time after detecting the communication carrier, or at a predetermined time after transmitting configuration data. In other embodiments, the power transmitter may explicitly transmit data to the update device, which controls when to transmit the update data back to the power receiver. For example, the power transmitter may be arranged to explicitly retrieve the update data by sending an explicit request to the power receiver.

[0122] In many embodiments, NFC functionality can be implemented to retrieve updated data from an updating device. The first communicator 307 can specifically read the contents of the non-volatile memory embedded in the smart card.

[0123] The update circuit 315 may be specifically configured to perform update operations, including updating the firmware / software of the power transmitter itself. In other cases, the update operation may update the power transmitter's operating parameters (or default parameters), specifically, it may be configured to update stored authentication data, such as indications of authenticated and / or unauthenticated power receivers. In other embodiments, the update operation may simply include receiving and storing update data for later use, such as specifically for later transmission to another device, such as to a power receiver. The update operation may be a device update operation / power receiver update operation / power transmitter update operation.

[0124] Therefore, as a specific example of a Ki cordless transmitter in a kitchen application, the power transmitter might initially be in an idle state, where it awaits a power receiver to be introduced into its working volume. Upon object detection, during the object detection phase, it is verified that there is one and only one power receiver in the working volume, and subsequently, for example, during the configuration phase, the power receiver configuration is sent to the power transmitter. The system can then wait for user action to initiate power transmission. However, if, alternatively, a suitable update device is provided in the working volume, the same approach can be used, except that the configuration data might indicate that the device is an update device rather than a power receiver. In response, the power transmitter might not enter the connection phase awaiting user action, but instead proceed to the update phase, where update data is read from the update device and the appropriate update process is performed.

[0125] Figure 7 Examples of elements of an update device according to some embodiments of the described update method are illustrated. In many embodiments, the update device may be a dedicated device capable of providing update data to a power transmitter, and in many cases may be a relatively low-complexity device, such as, specifically, a smart card, RFID card, or similar device. In many cases, the update device may have no other function besides the update function, and may be a device specifically provided and manufactured for the sole purpose of providing update functionality.

[0126] Figure 7 The updated device shown includes a communication coil 701, which will be referred to as the third communication coil 701. The third communication coil 701 is arranged to be coupled to the first communication coil 309, and specifically, is arranged to receive / detect the electromagnetic field / signal generated by the first communication coil 309. Therefore, when the first communication coil 309 generates a communication carrier signal, the signal may be coupled to the third communication coil 701, thereby inducing a current in the first communication coil 309.

[0127] The third communication coil 701 is coupled to the communicator 703, which will be referred to hereinafter as the third communicator 703. The third communicator 703 is specifically capable of load modulation of the electromagnetic waves generated by the first communication coil 309; for example, the third communicator 703 can be arranged to change the load of the third communication coil 701 according to the data to be received. The third communication coil 701 and the third communicator 703 can be specifically arranged to implement NFC communication functionality and can be arranged to communicate with the first communicator 307 according to the NFC communication specification.

[0128] The updated device also includes a detector 705 arranged to detect the presence of a communication carrier from the power transmitter. In this example, detector 705 is connected to a third communicator 703 and is configured to provide an indication of the level of the induced signal in the third communication coil 701. Detector 705 can be arranged to detect the presence of the communication carrier in response to detecting that the induced signal / current level in the third communication coil 701 exceeds a given threshold. The third communication coil 701 is typically part of a resonant circuit whose tuning frequency is significantly different from the frequency of the power transmission signal (e.g., the tuning frequency of NFC communication is 13.56 MHz), and simple signal detection is usually sufficient.

[0129] In fact, in some embodiments, the update device can be arranged to be powered by drawing power from a communication carrier. In this case, the power receiver's functionality may inherently activate and begin operation when a suitable communication carrier is available. In this scenario, the detection result may inherently be assumed to occur when the update device is powered on.

[0130] The update device also includes an update device controller 707, which controls and performs several functions and operations of the update device.

[0131] The update device controller 707 is coupled to the storage unit 709, which is used to store update data of the power transmitter and / or, in some cases, update data of the power receiver, as will be described in more detail later.

[0132] The update device controller 707 can be arranged to retrieve update data from the storage unit 709 and control the third communicator 703 to transmit the update data to the power transmitter, specifically to the first communicator 307.

[0133] In addition to updating the data itself, the updating device also transmits configuration data to the power transmitter. The configuration data can be stored in the storage unit 709 and retrieved along with the update data and transmitted to the power transmitter.

[0134] As mentioned earlier, the configuration data includes an indication that the updating device is indeed an updating entity that stores the updated data to be transmitted to the power transmitter.

[0135] In many embodiments, communication between the third communicator 703 and the first communicator 307 conforms to the NFC communication specification. In fact, in many embodiments, the updating device can be a low-complexity NFC device, specifically an NFC card, an NFC card simulator, a smart card, an NFC tag with non-volatile memory, etc.

[0136] In some embodiments, the update device may be implemented as, for example, a software application that computes a user device (e.g., a mobile phone) that can be identified as the update device, and more specifically, can be identified as / simulated as a smart card containing update data (e.g., related firmware or revocation keys).

[0137] In many embodiments, the configuration information is transmitted in the form of NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF) messages using the Near Field Communication (NFC) protocol, which is used by the communicator. Using NFC, and specifically NDEF messages, to transmit configuration data provides an efficient and reliable method that allows for low complexity and ease of operation and implementation.

[0138] In some embodiments, the updating device may be arranged to extract energy from the power transmission signal. However, this power extraction is typically very small and negligible compared to the power level extracted by the power receiver during the power transmission phase.

[0139] In many embodiments, the update device may be a device that is not powered by the power transmission signal; specifically, the update device is not a power receiver arranged / capable of using the power transmission signal to transmit power to a power transmitter.

[0140] Specifically, the update device may include an internal power source in some cases; for example, in some embodiments, it may be powered by an internal battery. In other embodiments, the update device may be powered by an external power source. In fact, in some embodiments, the update device may even be a device connected to an AC power source.

[0141] However, in many embodiments and implementations, the update device can be a device powered by the communication carrier. Specifically, the update device may in many cases be a low-complexity, low-power device designed to extract energy from the communication carrier to power the functions required to transmit configuration and update data. To maintain low power consumption to enable or facilitate such power extraction, the update device's functionality is typically kept to a minimum to store data and transmit it to the power transmitter. For example, an NFC smart card may include only the minimum functionality for storage and communication with complementary NFC functions of the power transmitter.

[0142] In many cases, the function of extracting energy from the communication carrier can also be kept as simple as possible. For example, in many cases, the updated device controller 707 may include a rectifier (such as a diode or diode bridge), a small smoothing capacitor, and possibly a voltage regulator to provide a stable DC voltage to the embedded microcontroller or microprocessor for communication with the power transmitter.

[0143] The third communicator 703 is configured to transmit configuration and update data to the power transmitter by load modulation of the communication carrier. For example, the third communicator 703 may be configured to switch the load of the third communication coil 701 according to the data symbols to be transmitted.

[0144] Therefore, as a specific example, when a power transmitter detects the presence of an object, it can proceed to generate a communication carrier, which in some cases communicates with a power receiver (e.g., an NFC front end) to establish a communication and control loop with the power receiver, thereby initiating power transfer. However, if the object is not a power receiver requesting power transfer but an updated device with updated data, the power transmitter proceeds to establish communication with the updated device and typically establishes a control loop to transmit the updated data to the power transmitter. The updated device specifically transmits configuration data that allows the power transmitter to determine that the object is indeed an updated device with updated data.

[0145] In some embodiments, the updating device may also be arranged to receive data from a power transmitter. For example, a third communicator 703 may be arranged to demodulate and decode a communication carrier, such as AM modulation by the power transmitter. In this case, the power transmitter may transmit control or configuration data to the updating device, allowing the updating device to adjust its operation for a specific power transmitter. For example, the updating device may include update data for multiple power transmitters, and the power transmitter may send data indicating the type or manufacturer of the power transmitter. In response, the updating device may extract / select the appropriate update data and transmit it to the power transmitter.

[0146] In some embodiments, the power transmitter may be configured to send an update process completion indication to the power receiver, wherein the update process completion indication is sent after a given update process has been performed. The update process may be receiving update data from the updating device, or, for example, a complete update process. For example, the update process completion indication may be sent when the power transmitter completes an update to the undo list or when a firmware update is successfully completed.

[0147] In this scenario, the update device may include a user interface 711, and the update device may generate a user notification in response to receiving the update process. Therefore, when an update process completion indication is received, a notification may be provided to the user, such as specifically informing the user that the update has been successful and / or that the update device can be removed, and the power transmitter can be used for normal power transmission.

[0148] User interfaces and notifications are typically kept simple, such as simply turning on an LED or a buzzer. For example, for update devices in the form of smart cards, it may be advantageous to implement a user interface that indicates the contents of a specific card have been applied to the power transmitter and that the card can be removed.

[0149] In many embodiments, the update data may include authentication data, and the update controller 315 may be configured to update the stored authentication data based on the received authentication data. For example, in many embodiments, the received update data may include an indication of at least one device / entity identity / entity whether it has been authenticated. For example, in many embodiments, the update data may include an indication of one or more identifiers whose authentication has been revoked / granted.

[0150] In many embodiments, the updated data may include power receiver authentication data, and specifically may include a list of one or more power receivers that have been authenticated and / or revoked. The power transmitter may maintain a local list of power receivers that are allowed to supply power and / or a local list of power receivers that are not allowed to supply power. Specifically, the power transmitter may maintain a list of power receiver identifiers that the power transmission can support. Additionally or alternatively, it may also retain a list of power receiver identifiers that the power transmission does not support. Therefore, the power transmitter may store lists of authenticated and / or unauthenticated power receivers.

[0151] In this scenario, updated data might indicate that a specific power receiver identifier can now be added to and / or removed from the list of certified devices and / or the list of uncertified devices. The update controller 315 can accordingly modify the lists by removing or adding the indicated power receiver to the list of certified devices and / or the list of uncertified devices upon receiving such updated data. Typically, a power receiver can be identified by a power receiver identifier (which may be shared by a group of power receivers, for example, indicating the type or brand of the power receiver).

[0152] When a new power receiver is detected and power transfer initialization is performed, the process may include the power receiver sending an identifier (e.g., a unique device identifier, or a shared identifier, such as the power receiver type or manufacturer) to the power transmitter. The identifier can be compared to a stored list, and if it is found in the list of authenticated power receivers, power transfer initialization can continue to the power transfer phase. If the identifier is in the list of unauthenticated devices, the initialization of the power transfer phase may terminate. The power transmitter may take different approaches in different embodiments and scenarios if the identity is not in either the list of authenticated or unauthenticated devices. For example, in some embodiments (e.g., if only the list of authenticated devices is stored), the power transmitter may terminate the power transfer phase initialization if the received identity is not in the list of authenticated devices. In some embodiments (e.g., if only the list of unauthenticated devices is stored), the power transmitter may proceed to perform power transfer phase initialization if the received identity is not in the list of unauthenticated devices. In some embodiments, the power transmitter may store both the list of authenticated devices and the list of unauthenticated devices simultaneously; if the identifier is not in either list, the power transmitter may, for example, proceed to perform the power transfer phase, but operations in the power transfer phase may be restricted (e.g., reduced power level).

[0153] Therefore, the method allows for the efficient updating and management of certification data, determining which power receivers may be supported and which may not. This method enables dynamic updating of such data, and the system can continuously adjust to reflect changes in certification. For example, it may be discovered that some power receivers previously considered to be implementing standards do not actually fully comply with the standards, and / or may have previously undiscovered faults that could affect operational safety. In such cases, it may be desirable to revoke the certification of previously certified power receivers. This can be efficiently achieved, for example, by providing a smart card that can be detected by a first communicator 307 and providing a list of power receivers to be revoked.

[0154] To ensure that users update their systems to reflect such issues, for example, it can be implemented that if no updated data is received within a given period of time, all power receivers are considered withdrawn until a suitable updated device with appropriate updated data is provided.

[0155] In some embodiments, the update data may include software / firmware update data for the power transmitter, and the update controller is configured to use the received software / firmware update data to update the software / firmware of the power transmitter.

[0156] Software / firmware data may be specifically designed to introduce additional functionality or operation to existing power transmitters, including potentially proprietary features and operations. Therefore, this method can allow for a practical approach to introducing new functionality to deployed power transmitters without requiring these transmitters to have any capabilities, such as communicating with a remote server or the internet. Similarly, this method allows for updating or changing functionality, routines, and / or operation. Specifically, software / firmware capable of directly replacing existing software / firmware to achieve specific functionality can be provided. This approach may be particularly suitable for resolving and fixing errors, defects, or faults in distributed power receivers.

[0157] In some embodiments, update data may indicate that certain software / firmware should be discarded or removed from the power receiver's operating software. For example, update data may indicate that a particular feature or operation should be removed, rendering it unusable.

[0158] In many embodiments and applications, the update method may need to be flexible and adaptable. In particular, the method may need to be able to be used for different functions and purposes simultaneously, specifically for different update purposes.

[0159] In some embodiments, the update data may include an indication of the type of update data provided by the updating device. Specifically, in some embodiments, the updating device may be arranged to include an indication of whether the update data to be transmitted to the power transmitter is software / firmware update data or authentication update data. The update controller 315 can then adjust the update operation based on the type of update data. For example, if the update data indication includes firmware update data, the update controller 315 may proceed to receive the firmware update data and initiate a firmware update. Conversely, if the update data indication includes authentication update data, the update controller 315 may proceed to receive the authentication update data and initiate an authentication update, such as changing the list of authenticated or unauthenticated devices. In fact, in some embodiments, the same updating device (e.g., the same smart card) may provide both authentication update data and firmware update data. In this case, the type indication may indicate that both types of update data are provided / can be provided, and the power transmitter may proceed to select one update operation, or in practice, both update operations may be performed. It should be understood that while firmware and authentication updates are two operations particularly suited to the method described, other types of update data and update operations may also be performed in other embodiments.

[0160] Figure 8A specific example of communication-based power transmitter operation according to the NFC-A specification is shown. In this example, after a suitable NFC-A technology device is detected near the power transmitter, the power transmitter reads the header of the NDEF record and, if a specific record for the Ki Cordless Kitchen is found, operates according to the Ki Cordless Kitchen state diagram. Otherwise, the wireless power transmitter will scan for other relevant NDEF records, which may include, for example:

[0161] Ki is a revocation list configuration message. Upon receiving this, the revocation list in the power transmitter can be updated. For certified devices, implementing standardized configuration messages is generally advantageous.

[0162] Proprietary firmware update configuration messages. For example, this could allow the power transmitter to initiate a firmware update based on a proprietary implementation.

[0163] like Figure 8 As shown in the diagram, the power transmitter operation may branch to normal power mode initialization, authentication update, or firmware update depending on the received NDEF message.

[0164] As previously mentioned, in many embodiments, the update device can be a dedicated device, such as a smart card or RFID card. However, in some cases, the update device can also be a power receiver, which, in addition to providing update functionality, may include power receiver functionality to extract power from the power transmission signal during the power transmission phase. For example, in many embodiments, a smartphone or a networked kitchen appliance can establish a power transmission to extract power from the power transmission signal, such as for charging a battery. Furthermore, it can also store and provide update data; that is, it can also be an update device.

[0165] A power receiver (which is also an updating device) can send configuration data indicating that it is both a power receiver requesting power transfer and an updating entity capable of providing updated data. In this case, the power transmitter can decide whether to perform an update operation or continue with power transfer initialization (or, in some cases, for example, decide to update the power transmitter first and then initiate the power transfer operation). The power transmitter can make its choice on how to proceed accordingly. For example, in this case, if the configuration data indicates that the updated data is applicable to a specific power transmitter, and / or the power transmitter has not yet been properly updated (e.g., the version number of the updated data can be compared with the version number of the current data, and the update can only be performed if the version number of the updated data is higher), the power transmitter can proceed to perform the update operation. Otherwise, the power transmitter can proceed to initialize the power transfer.

[0166] This approach can be highly advantageous in many systems. For example, it allows manufacturers to update deployed equipment by incorporating update functionality into new power receivers manufactured and deployed subsequently. When such a power receiver is used with a power transmitter that has not been updated to the level of updated data contained in the power receiver, the power transmitter may enter an update process. However, if the power transmitter has already been updated, normal power transmission operations are performed. In this way, by having the user perform normal power transmission operations and the power transmitter and power receiver add the updated process as appropriate, on-demand updates to existing and deployed power transmitters are achieved.

[0167] The preceding examples primarily focus on scenarios where update data is used to update the power receiver itself. However, in some embodiments, the update data may be, for example, data specific to the power receiver, and the power transmitter may enable, support, or control updates to the power receiver coupled and connected to it.

[0168] In some embodiments, the update data may include power receiver update data and may also include metadata to indicate that the update data is indeed for a power receiver, including parameters or attributes that may define the appropriate power receiver, such as manufacturer, model, type, etc. It may also indicate whether the update data is, for example, firmware update data or certification update data.

[0169] Upon receiving such update data, the update controller 315 may store the power receiver update data in, for example, semi-permanent or non-volatile memory. When an update device has arrived and the power receiver is subsequently presented and connected to the power transmitter, the update controller 315 may, as part of an initialization and / or detection process, determine whether the power receiver possesses attributes that match the stored power receiver update data (e.g., it is the appropriate manufacturer and / or model, or in fact, for some update data (e.g., certification data), all power receivers may be considered to match the stored update data). If the power receiver's attributes do match the attributes of the power receiver update data, the update controller 315 may use the established communication link with the power receiver to transfer the power receiver update data to the power receiver. Specifically, as part of the connection and initialization of the detected new power receiver, a communication link is established between the power transmitter and the power receiver, and if the power receiver has appropriate data, the stored power receiver update data is retrieved from memory and transferred to the power receiver.

[0170] The power receiver can then perform appropriate update operations, such as updating firmware routines or updating authentication data (e.g., a list of authenticated or unauthenticated power transmitters). Specifically, as... Figure 6 As indicated in the document, the power receiver may include a power receiver update controller 613, which receives power receiver update data and performs corresponding update operations.

[0171] As previously described, in many embodiments, the update data may be associated with desired power receiver attributes, indicated by metadata transmitted with (or believed to be included in) the update data. Such power receiver attribute indications may specifically indicate attributes of the power receiver, such as: power receiver identification indication; power receiver device model indication; and manufacturer indication.

[0172] The update controller 315 can then proceed to send update data to the connected power receiver, provided that the data sent by the power receiver indicates that it has matching attributes. Therefore, specifically, the update controller 315 can only transmit update data to the appropriate power receiver, provided that the power receiver is manufactured by the appropriate manufacturer, is the appropriate model, and / or is indeed a specific power receiver.

[0173] This approach allows for a flexible and user-friendly update process for power receivers deployed in specific systems. It enables updates to be distributed on demand.

[0174] In some embodiments, the received update data may be further stored in a power receiver and subsequently uploaded to other power transmitters. Specifically, a power receiver may also include a power receiver that functions as an update device as described above. In this case, the power receiver can receive update data from a power transmitter, store it in suitable (e.g., non-volatile) memory, and then, upon connection to a new power transmitter, function as an update device and upload the data, thereby performing a method of distributing update data within an existing wireless power transmission deployment.

[0175] Therefore, the methods used to update devices can also be used to update the firmware (appliance) of, for example, a power receiver. In this case, a smart card can contain a proprietary receiver firmware image. This card can be placed on top of the power transmitter, which can store the power receiver firmware and the target receiver identifier. When the target power receiver is installed on top of the power transmitter, the firmware can be transferred to the power receiver. Figure 9 and Figure 10 The diagram illustrates a possible workflow example for firmware update procedures for this type of power receiver.

[0176] It should be understood that, for clarity, the above description has referenced various functional circuits, units, and processors in describing embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent that any suitable functional distribution among the different functional circuits, units, or processors can be used without departing from the invention. For example, functions shown to be performed by separate processors or controllers may be performed by the same processor or controller. Therefore, references to specific functional units or circuits are to be considered merely as references to suitable means for providing the described functions, and not as indications of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.

[0177] This invention can be implemented in any suitable form, including hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Optionally, the invention can be implemented, at least in part, as computer software running on one or more data processors and / or digital signal processors. The elements and components of embodiments of the invention can be implemented physically, functionally, and logically in any suitable manner. In practice, functionality can be implemented in a single unit, in multiple units, or as part of other functional units. Thus, the invention can be implemented in a single unit or physically and functionally distributed among different units, circuits, and processors.

[0178] Although the invention has been described in conjunction with some embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention to the specific forms set forth herein. Rather, the scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims. Furthermore, while features may appear to have been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that various features of the described embodiments can be combined according to the invention. In the claims, the term "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps.

[0179] Furthermore, although listed separately, multiple devices, elements, circuits, or method steps can be implemented, for example, by a single circuit, unit, or processor. Additionally, although individual features may be included in different claims, these features can be advantageously combined, and inclusion in different claims does not imply that the combination of features is infeasible and / or disadvantageous. Including a feature in a class of claims does not imply limitation to that class, but rather indicates that the feature is equally applicable to other claim classes where appropriate. Furthermore, incorporating a feature into a dependent claim of an independent claim does not imply limitation to that independent claim, but rather indicates that the feature is equally applicable to other appropriate independent claims. Moreover, the order of features in a claim does not imply any particular order in which the features must operate, and in particular, the order of steps in a method claim does not imply that the steps must be performed in that order. Rather, the steps can be performed in any suitable order. Additionally, singular references do not exclude plural. Therefore, references to “a,” “an,” “first,” “second,” etc., do not exclude plural. Reference numerals in the claims are provided only for clarity of example and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims in any way.

Claims

1. A power transmitter (101) for wirelessly providing power to a power receiver (105) via an electromagnetic power transmission signal during a power transmission phase; the power transmitter (101) comprising: The output resonant circuit includes a transmitter coil (103) forming the resonant circuit and at least one capacitor (303). A driver (301) is arranged to generate a drive signal during the power transfer phase to cause the output resonant circuit (103, 303) to generate the electromagnetic power transfer signal. A communicator (307) is arranged to communicate with the power receiver (105), the communicator (307) being arranged to generate a communication carrier and receive data loaded and modulated onto the communication carrier by the power receiver (105) during the power transmission phase; An object detector (311) is arranged to detect objects when the power transmitter (101) is in an idle phase; The controller (313) is arranged to: in response to object detection, control the communicator (307) to generate a communication carrier and receive configuration data on which the load is modulated onto the communication carrier; the controller (313) is also arranged to: initiate a power transmission phase in response to the configuration data indicating that the power receiver requests power transmission, and initiate an update phase in response to the configuration data indicating that the update entity contains update data. as well as An update processor (315) is configured to control the communicator (307) to receive update data from the update entity and use the update data to perform an update operation during the update phase.

2. The power transmitter according to claim 1, wherein, The updated data includes authentication data, and the update processor (315) is configured to update the stored authentication data based on the received authentication data.

3. The power transmitter according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The update processor (315) is configured to control the power transmitter to enter the idle phase after the update operation.

4. The power transmitter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, The update data includes power receiver update data, and the update processor (315) is arranged to store the power receiver update data and then send the power receiver update data to a given power receiver that subsequently establishes a communication link with the communicator (307).

5. The power transmitter according to claim 4, wherein, The power receiver (105) update data is associated with the required power receiver attributes, and the update processor (315) is arranged to send the power receiver update data to the given power receiver only if the given power receiver has attributes that match the required power receiver attributes.

6. The power transmitter according to claim 5, wherein, The update processor (315) is configured to receive a power receiver attribute indication from the given power receiver, the power receiver attribute indication indicating an attribute of the given power receiver, and the attribute of the power receiver is at least one of the following: Power receiver identification; Power receiver model indication; and Manufacturer's instructions.

7. The power transmitter according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, The updated data includes an indication of the type of updated data provided.

8. The power transmitter according to any of the preceding claims, arranged to select between initiating the power transmission phase and initiating the update phase when the configuration data both instructs the power receiver to request power transmission and instructs the update entity to include update data.

9. The power transmitter according to any one of the claims, wherein, The configuration data is received in the NDEF message, which is the NFC data exchange format of the Near Field Communication (NFC) protocol used by the communicator.

10. An update device for a wireless power transmission system, the wireless power transmission system including a power transmitter (101) for wirelessly providing power to a power receiver (105) via an electromagnetic power transmission signal, the update device comprising: Storage unit (709) is arranged to store updated data for at least one of the power transmitter (101) and the power receiver (105); A detector (707) is arranged to detect communication carriers from the power transmitter (101); A communicator (703) is configured to transmit configuration data and update data to the power transmitter (101) by load modulation of the communication carrier, the configuration data including an indication of an update entity configured to send update data to the power transmitter (101).

11. The updating device according to claim 10, wherein, The updating device is configured not to extract any power from the electromagnetic power transmission signal.

12. The updating device according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising: A receiver (703) is configured to receive an update process completion indication from the power transmitter (101), the update process completion indication indicating that the update process has been completed; and a user interface (709) is configured to generate a user reminder in response to receiving the update process completion indication.

13. A power receiver comprising an update device according to any one of claims 10-12, the power receiver (105) being arranged to extract power from the electromagnetic power transmission signal.

14. A method of operating a power transmitter (101) for wirelessly providing power to a power receiver (105) via an electromagnetic signal during a power transmission phase; said power transmitter (101) comprising: The output resonant circuit includes a transmitter coil (103) forming the resonant circuit and at least one capacitor (303). A driver (301) is arranged to generate a drive signal during the power transmission phase to cause the output resonant circuit (103, 303) to generate the electromagnetic signal. A communicator (307), arranged to communicate with the power receiver (105), is configured to generate a communication carrier during the power transmission phase and receive data modulated onto the communication carrier by the power receiver (105); and The method includes: Detecting objects when the power transmitter (101) is in an idle phase; In response to object detection, the communicator (307) is controlled to generate the communication carrier and receive configuration data modulated onto the communication carrier; a power transmission phase is initiated in response to the configuration data indicating that the power receiver requests power transmission; and an update phase is initiated in response to the configuration data indicating that the update entity includes update data; and During the update phase, update data is received from the update entity and the update operation is performed using the update data.

15. A method of operating an update device for a wireless power transmission system, the wireless power transmission system including a power transmitter (101) for wirelessly providing power to a power receiver (105) via an electromagnetic power transmission signal, the method comprising: Store updated data for at least one of the power transmitter (101) and the power receiver (105); The presence of a communication carrier from the power transmitter (101) is detected; as well as By load modulating the communication carrier, configuration data and update data are sent to the power transmitter (101), the configuration data including an indication of an update entity arranged to send update data to the power transmitter (101).

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