Large combined land preparation machine suitable for composite operation in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a large combined land preparation machine suitable for composite operation in saline-alkali soil, relates to the technical field of land preparation machinery, and solves the problems of serious soil adhesion, low soil block breakage rate, limited deep scarification depth, poor stubble burying effect, easy salt accumulation after pressing and poor seedbed quality existing in saline-alkali soil operation in a traditional land preparation mode. Comprising a machine frame, the machine frame is provided with a stubble cleaning assembly, a forced double-helix stubble crushing and ground breaking assembly, a deep scarification assembly, a soil raking assembly and a pressing assembly which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the stubble cleaning assembly comprises a stubble cleaning roller and a stubble cleaning cutter, the deep scarification assembly comprises a deep scarification shovel, the deep scarification shovel is elastically connected with the machine frame, and the soil raking assembly comprises a soil raking supporting leg and a soil raking cutter. The pressing assembly comprises two pressing wheels. The stubble cleaning roller is used for digging stubbles, the double-spiral stubble breaking and soil breaking assembly is forced to break stubbles, the subsoiler plough bottom layer is subjected to directional breaking and soil gas phase reconstruction, the harrowing cutter is used for homogenizing soil blocks, the press wheel is used for compacting and preserving soil moisture based on the real-time soil moisture content, and efficient operation of one-time field entering and multi-layer optimization is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of land preparation machinery technology, specifically a large-scale combined land preparation machine suitable for combined operations on saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional tillage machinery has poor adaptability when applied to saline-alkali soils, making it difficult to effectively break up the plow pan and effectively prevent salt in the topsoil. Furthermore, soil compaction leads to a hardened topsoil layer with poor aeration and water permeability, and improper tillage creates numerous clods that cause seeds to be suspended during planting, all of which further worsen the seedbed growing environment and hinder germination in saline-alkali soils. Therefore, cultivating saline-alkali land demands higher standards of agricultural machinery performance. Developing modern agriculture on saline-alkali land requires not only superior seeds and cultivation methods, but also high-quality supporting agricultural machinery. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for saline-alkali land, solving the problems of severe soil adhesion, low soil clod breaking rate, limited deep loosening depth, poor stubble burial effect, easy salt return after compaction, and poor seedbed quality caused by traditional tillage methods in saline-alkali land. This invention, through sequential stubble removal, stubble breaking, deep loosening, soil breaking, and compaction, eliminates the risk of soil compaction caused by multiple tillage operations, creating an ideal tillage layer with alternating loose and firm layers for seed germination and root development.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: a large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for saline-alkali land, including a frame, which is connected to a traction machine. The frame has a stubble-crushing component, a forced double-helix stubble-breaking and soil-breaking component, a deep loosening component, a harrowing component, and a compaction component arranged sequentially from front to back. The stubble-crushing component includes a stubble-crushing roller and stubble-crushing blades, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the stubble-crushing roller. The stubble-crushing roller is rotatably mounted on the lower end of a stubble-crushing support leg. The upper end of the stubble-crushing support leg is hinged to the frame. A stubble-crushing adjustment cylinder is provided between the stubble-crushing support leg and the frame. The forced double-helix stubble-breaking and soil-breaking component includes a soil-breaking blade shaft and a spiral stubble-breaking and soil-breaking blade. The soil-breaking blade shaft is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the stubble-breaking support leg. The upper end of the stubble-breaking support leg is hinged to the frame. A stubble-crushing adjustment cylinder is provided between the stubble-breaking support leg and the frame. The stubble-crushing adjustment cylinder includes two sets of spiral stubble-crushing blades symmetrically arranged on the blade shaft, each set comprising two spiral blades, one left-handed and one right-handed; the deep loosening assembly includes multiple deep loosening shovels arranged side-by-side, elastically connected to the frame, with the lower end of the stubble shovels lower than the stubble-crushing roller; the harrowing assembly consists of two sets arranged left and right, each harrowing assembly including harrowing legs and harrowing blades, the upper end of the harrowing legs fixedly connected to the frame, and the harrowing blades rotatably connected to the lower end of the harrowing legs, with the harrowing blades lower than the stubble-crushing roller; the compaction assembly includes two compaction wheels arranged front and rear, each compaction wheel comprising a central cylinder and wheel rims, with multiple wheel rims evenly arranged along the axial direction of the central cylinder, the wheel rims located around the central cylinder and fixedly connected to it, and the wheel rims on the two compaction wheels being staggered axially.

[0005] Furthermore, a circular support is fixed around the stubble-removing roller, and the stubble-removing blade is fixed to the edge of the support.

[0006] Furthermore, the stubble-cutting knife is welded to the support member; or, the stubble-cutting knife has a knife holder, the edge of the support member extends into the inside of the knife holder, and the support member and the knife holder are fixedly connected by bolts.

[0007] Furthermore, the width of the stubble-removing knife is greater than the width of the support member.

[0008] Furthermore, the stubble-removing roller has an annular mounting ring on its periphery, and the mounting ring is fixedly connected to the stubble-removing roller by a rod-shaped support; the stubble-removing blade contacts the outer circular surface of the mounting ring and the two are fixedly connected by bolts.

[0009] Furthermore, the deep loosening shovel has an arc-shaped structure, the upper end of the deep loosening shovel is hinged to the support, the lower end of the deep loosening shovel is fixed with deep loosening teeth, the upper end of the deep loosening shovel is fixed with a connecting arm, and a spring is provided between the connecting arm and the support.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner side of the subsoil shovel has an inner reinforcement member, the upper end of which is fixedly connected or hinged to the upper end of the subsoil shovel, and the lower end of which is fixedly connected or hinged to the lower end of the subsoil shovel. The inner reinforcement member is a cone with a pointed tip. The outer side of the subsoil shovel has an outer reinforcement member, the upper end of which is fixedly connected or hinged to the connecting arm, and the lower end of which is fixedly connected or hinged to the subsoil shovel.

[0011] Furthermore, the rake blade is inclined, and the rake support leg has a vertically arranged vertical shaft, the lower end of which is connected to the blade shaft of the rake blade via a universal joint.

[0012] Furthermore, a transmission assembly is provided between the stubble-cutting component and the harrowing component. The transmission assembly includes a first transmission mechanism and a second transmission mechanism. The first transmission mechanism is located between the vertical shaft inside the stubble-cutting roller and the leftmost harrowing support leg, and between the soil-crushing blade shaft and the vertical shaft inside the leftmost harrowing support leg, for realizing power transmission between the stubble-cutting roller and the vertical shaft, and between the soil-crushing blade shaft and the vertical shaft. The second transmission mechanism is located between the vertical shafts inside two adjacent harrowing support legs, for realizing synchronous rotation of the two adjacent vertical shafts.

[0013] Furthermore, the first transmission mechanism includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket, an adjusting sprocket, a telescopic rod, a chain, a first driven bevel gear, and a second driven bevel gear. The driving sprocket and the second driven bevel gear are coaxially arranged and rotatably connected to the harrowing support leg. There are two driving sprockets and two driven sprockets. The first driven sprocket is coaxially arranged with the stubble-killing roller, and the second driven sprocket is coaxially arranged with the soil-crushing blade shaft. The fixed part of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the frame, and the movable part of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the adjusting sprocket. There are two adjusting sprockets. The chain is located between the driving sprocket and the corresponding driven sprocket and adjusting sprocket. The first driven bevel gear is fixed on the vertical shaft and meshes with the second driven bevel gear.

[0014] Furthermore, the second transmission mechanism includes a driving bevel gear and a synchronizing sprocket. The driving bevel gear meshes with a first driven bevel gear. The synchronizing sprocket is coaxially arranged with the driving bevel gear and rotatably connected to the harrowing legs. The synchronizing sprockets on each pair of adjacent harrowing legs are connected by a chain.

[0015] Furthermore, the deep loosening components are multiple components arranged front and rear.

[0016] Furthermore, the central cylinder is rotatably connected to the lower end of the pressing leg, the upper end of the pressing leg is hinged to the frame, the two central cylinders are connected by a connecting rod, and one of the pressing legs has a pressing adjustment cylinder between it and the frame.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention employs a stubble-crushing roller for efficient stubble breaking, a spiral stubble-breaking blade for stubble breaking, a deep-plowing plow for directional breaking of the subsoil and soil vapor phase reconstruction, a harrow blade for homogenizing soil clods, and a compaction wheel for moisture retention based on real-time soil moisture conditions, achieving highly efficient operation with one-time field entry and multi-layer optimization. Compared to the traditional segmented mode of plowing + harrowing + compaction, it not only shortens the operation cycle but also significantly reduces fuel consumption, while eliminating the risk of soil compaction caused by multiple field entries, creating an ideal tillage layer with alternating loose and firm layers for seed germination and root expansion. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a side view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the stubble-removing component according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of the stubble-removing component according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the stubble-removing component according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a side view of the stubble-removing component according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a side view of the deep loosening component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the soil-raking assembly of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a top view of the pressure wheel of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a top view of the pressing component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a side view of the transmission assembly between the stubble-killing assembly and the harrowing assembly of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a top view of the leftmost vertical axis of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a rear view assembly diagram of the different soil-raking support legs of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a front view of the forced double-helix slag breaking and soil breaking component of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Frame, 11. Traction frame, 12. First ear plate, 13. Stubble-crushing adjustment cylinder, 13'. Stubble-crushing adjustment cylinder, 14. Stubble-crushing support leg, 14'. Stubble-crushing support leg, 15. Compactor support leg, 16. Connecting rod, 17. Compactor adjustment cylinder, 18. Second ear plate, 19. Third ear plate, 2. Stubble-crushing assembly, 21. Stubble-crushing roller, 22. Support component, 23. Blade holder, 24. Stubble-crushing blade, 25. Roller end cap, 26. Bolt, 27. Mounting ring, 2'. Forced double-helix stubble-crushing and soil-breaking assembly, 21'. Spiral stubble-crushing and soil-breaking blade, 28. Soil-crushing blade shaft, 3. Deep loosening assembly, 31. Deep loosening... Loosening teeth, 32 deep loosening shovel, 33 support, 34 connecting arm, 35 spring, 36 inner reinforcement, 37 outer reinforcement, 4 harrowing assembly, 41 harrowing blade, 42 first bearing, 43 universal joint, 44 second bearing, 45 harrowing support leg, 46 vertical shaft, 5 press wheel, 51 center cylinder, 52 wheel rim, 6 transmission assembly, 61 drive sprocket, 62 chain, 63 driven sprocket, 64 telescopic rod, 65 first driven bevel gear, 66 second driven bevel gear, 67 drive bevel gear, 68 synchronous sprocket, 69 adjusting sprocket, 7 transmission box. Detailed Implementation

[0019] like Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the present invention includes a frame 1, a stubble-crushing component 2, a forced double-helix stubble-crushing and soil-breaking component 2', a deep loosening component 3, a harrowing component 4, and a compaction component. The structure and working principle of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for saline-alkali land includes a frame 1, which is the basic component of this invention. The front end of the frame 1 has a traction frame 11, which is used to connect with a traction machine, such as a tractor. The frame 1 has a stubble-crushing component 2, a deep tillage component 3, a harrowing component 4, and a compaction component arranged sequentially from front to back. The stubble-crushing component 2 crushes the ground stubble with stubble-crushing blades 24 on a high-speed rotating stubble-crushing roller 21; the deep tillage component 3 uses a deep tillage shovel 32 to perform intermittent deep tillage of the deep soil, forming a through-type ventilation corridor; the harrowing component 4 uses harrowing blades to break up the soil and mix the soil with straw; the compaction component uses a compaction wheel to compact the broken soil, ensuring consistent compaction of the seedbed.

[0021] like Figures 2 to 5As shown, the stubble-cutting assembly 2 includes a stubble-cutting roller 21 and stubble-cutting blades 24. The stubble-cutting blades 24 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the stubble-cutting roller 21. The stubble-cutting roller 21 is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the stubble-cutting support leg 14. The upper end of the stubble-cutting support leg 14 is hinged to the frame 1. A stubble-cutting adjustment cylinder 13 is provided between the stubble-cutting support leg 14 and the frame 1. When the stubble-cutting adjustment cylinder 13 is activated, it drives the stubble-cutting support leg 14 to swing relative to the frame 1, thereby adjusting the distance between the stubble-cutting roller 21 and the ground. The hydraulic floating contour mechanism of the stubble-cutting adjustment cylinder 13 allows the stubble-cutting roller 21 to automatically adjust its ground clearance according to the terrain undulations, and the straw-crushing depth fluctuation is controlled within ±1.5 cm when operating on undulating ground. To facilitate the assembly of the stubble-cutting support leg 14, a first ear plate 12 is provided on the frame 1, and the upper end of the stubble-cutting support leg 14 is hinged to the first ear plate 12.

[0022] As the first implementation method of the stubble removal component, such as Figure 2 As shown, a circular support member 22 is fixed around the periphery of the stubble-removing roller 21, and multiple support members 22 are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the stubble-removing roller 21. The stubble-removing blade 24 has a blade holder 23, and the edge of the support member 22 extends into the inner side of the blade holder 23. The support member 22 and the blade holder 23 are fixedly connected by bolts, and the bolts are installed perpendicular to the direction of the support member 22.

[0023] As a second implementation of the stubble removal component, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, a circular support member 22 is fixed to the periphery of the stubble-removing roller 21, and multiple support members 22 are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the stubble-removing roller 21. The stubble-removing blade 24 is welded and fixed to the edge of the support member 22. The width of the stubble-removing blade 24 is greater than the width of the support member 22. The stubble-removing blade 24 is set with sufficient width to ensure that there are no omissions when the stubble is broken. For easy assembly, roller end caps 25 are provided at both ends of the stubble-removing roller 21. The roller end caps 25 are provided to install the roller shaft of the stubble-removing roller 21, thereby realizing the rotatable connection between the stubble-removing roller 21 and the stubble-removing support leg 14.

[0024] As a third implementation of the stubble removal component, such as Figure 5 As shown, the stubble-removing roller 21 has an annular mounting ring 27 on its outer periphery. The stubble-removing roller 21 and the mounting ring 27 are concentrically arranged, and the mounting ring 27 and the stubble-removing roller 21 are fixedly connected by rod-shaped support members 22. Multiple support members 22 are evenly arranged circumferentially. The stubble-removing blade 24 contacts the outer circular surface of the mounting ring 27, and the two are fixedly connected by bolts 26, which are arranged radially along the mounting ring 27. The rotation of the stubble-removing roller 21 shreds the stubble.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown, the forced double-helix stubble breaking assembly 2 includes a helical stubble breaking blade 21', a blade shaft 28, and a stubble adjusting cylinder 13'. A second ear plate 18 is fixed to the bottom of the frame 1. The upper end of the stubble breaking support leg 14' is hinged to the second ear plate 18. The blade shaft 28 is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the stubble breaking support leg 14'. The cylinder of the stubble adjusting cylinder 13' is hinged to the frame 1, and the piston rod of the stubble adjusting cylinder 13' is hinged to the stubble breaking support leg 14'. Figure 13 As shown, the spiral stubble-breaking and soil-crushing blades 21′ are arranged symmetrically in two sets on the stubble-breaking blade shaft 28. Each set includes two spiral stubble-breaking and soil-crushing blades 21′, one with a left spiral and one with a right spiral. When the stubble-breaking blade shaft 28 rotates, it drives the spiral stubble-breaking and soil-crushing blades 21′ to rotate. When the spiral stubble-breaking and soil-crushing blades 21′ rotate, they further crush the stubble residue that has been crushed by the stubble-crushing roller 21, i.e., stubble. The spiral stubble-breaking and soil-crushing blades 21′ are made of high-strength materials that are wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and a high-hardness wear-resistant alloy layer is fused onto the cutting edge and working surface of the spiral stubble-breaking and soil-crushing blades 21′ using a laser cladding surface strengthening process.

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, the subsoil assembly 3 includes multiple subsoil shovels 32 arranged side by side, sequentially from left to right. The subsoil shovels 32 are elastically connected to the frame 1, with their lower ends below the stubble roller 21. Specifically, the subsoil shovel 32 has an arc-shaped structure. Its upper end is hinged to a support 33, and its lower end is fixed with subsoil teeth 31. A connecting arm 34 is fixed to its upper end, and a spring 35 connects the connecting arm 34 to the support 33. The support 33 is fixedly connected to the frame 1. The subsoil shovels 32 penetrate deep into the soil to perform subsoiling. When the resistance encountered by the subsoil shovels 32 increases, the spring 35 is compressed. When the resistance encountered by the subsoil shovels 32 decreases, the compression of the spring 35 decreases. The elastic connection between the subsoil shovels 32 and the frame 1 serves to absorb shock and buffer, preventing damage to the subsoil shovels 32.

[0027] To increase the structural strength of the deep loosening shovel 32, such as Figure 6As shown, an inner reinforcement member 36 is provided on the inner side of the subsoil shovel 32. The upper end of the inner reinforcement member 36 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the subsoil shovel 32 or hinged, and the lower end of the inner reinforcement member 36 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the subsoil shovel 32 or hinged. The inner reinforcement member 36 is a cone shape with the tip pointing forward. The inner reinforcement member 36 enhances the structural strength of the subsoil shovel 32 and also has a cutting effect on the soil, which is beneficial for subsequent soil breaking. An outer reinforcement member 37 is provided on the outer side of the subsoil shovel 32. The upper end of the outer reinforcement member 37 is fixedly connected to the connecting arm 34 or hinged, and the lower end of the outer reinforcement member 37 is fixedly connected to the subsoil shovel 32 or hinged. The arrangement of the outer reinforcement member 37, the connecting arm 34 and the subsoil shovel 32 form a triangle, which has good stability and structural strength. There can also be multiple subsoil components 3 arranged front and rear, and the subsoil shovels 32 in two adjacent subsoil components 3 are staggered left and right.

[0028] like Figure 7 As shown, the raking assembly 4 includes raking legs 45 and raking blades 41. The upper end of the raking legs 45 is fixedly connected to the frame 1, and the raking blades 41 are rotatably connected to the lower end of the raking legs 45. The raking blades 41 are lower than the stubble roller 21. Specifically, the raking legs 45 include two sections arranged at an obtuse angle, namely a vertical section and an inclined section. The vertical section of the raking legs 45 is fixedly connected to the frame 1. The raking blades 41 are inclined, and the blade shaft of the raking blades 41 extends into the inclined section of the raking legs 45 and is rotatably connected to the raking legs 45 through a first bearing 42. The raking legs 45 have a vertically arranged vertical shaft 46, which is rotatably connected to the raking legs 45 through a second bearing 44. The lower end of the vertical shaft 46 is connected to the blade shaft of the raking blades 41 through a universal joint 43. When the vertical shaft 46 rotates, it drives the raking blades 41 to rotate through the universal joint 43.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the pressing assembly includes two pressing wheels 5 arranged front and rear, as... Figure 8 As shown, the press wheel 5 includes a central cylinder 51 and wheel rims 52. Multiple wheel rims 52 are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the central cylinder 51. The wheel rims 52 are located on the periphery of the central cylinder 51 and are fixedly connected to it. Figure 9 As shown, the rims 52 on the two compaction wheels 5 are staggered axially. That is, the rim 52 on the front compaction wheel 5 extends between two adjacent rims 52 on the rear compaction wheel 5. The rims 52 are rubber wheels, which can prevent over-compaction of the broken soil. To adjust the distance between the compaction wheel 5 and the ground, and thus the compaction effect, i.e., the degree of compaction of the broken soil, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 6As shown, the lower end of the central cylinder 51 is rotatably connected to the pressing leg 15, and the upper end of the pressing leg 15 is hinged to the frame 1. The two central cylinders 51 are connected by a connecting rod 16, and a pressing adjustment cylinder 17 is provided between the front pressing leg 15 and the frame 1. When the pressing adjustment cylinder 17 is activated, it drives the front pressing leg 15 to swing, thereby moving the two central cylinders 51 and adjusting the distance between the pressing wheel 5 and the ground. The pressing leg 15, the connecting rod 16, and the frame 1 constitute a parallelogram linkage mechanism, which makes the distance between the two pressing wheels 5 and the ground equal. To facilitate the assembly of the pressing leg 15, a third ear plate 19 is provided on the frame 1, and the upper end of the pressing leg 15 is hinged to the corresponding third ear plate 19.

[0030] The stubble-crushing roller 21, the soil-crushing blade shaft 28, and the rake blade 41 can be driven independently. A transmission assembly can also be installed between the stubble-crushing assembly 2 and the rake assembly 4, and between the forced double-helix stubble-crushing and soil-breaking assembly 2' and the rake assembly 4. This transmission assembly enables power transmission between the stubble-crushing roller 21 and the rake blade 41, and between the soil-crushing blade shaft 28 and the rake blade 41. The transmission assembly includes a first transmission mechanism and a second transmission mechanism. The first transmission mechanism is located between the stubble-crushing roller 21, the soil-crushing blade shaft 28, and the vertical shaft 46 within the leftmost rake support leg 45, and is used to achieve power transmission between the stubble-crushing roller 21, the soil-crushing blade shaft 28, and the vertical shaft 46. Specifically, the first transmission mechanism includes a drive sprocket 61, a driven sprocket 62, a chain 63, a telescopic rod 64, a first driven bevel gear 65, a second driven bevel gear 66, and an adjusting sprocket 69. There are two drive sprockets 61, which are coaxially arranged with the second driven bevel gear 66 and rotatably connected to the leftmost harrowing support leg 45. There are two driven sprockets 62, the first of which is coaxially arranged with the stubble-crushing roller 21, and the second of which is coaxially arranged with the soil-crushing blade shaft 28. Two telescopic rods 64 are fixed at the bottom of the frame 1. Each telescopic rod 64 includes a fixed part and a movable part, which are connected by a spring. The fixed part of the telescopic rod 64 is fixedly connected to the frame 1, and the adjusting sprocket 69 is rotatably mounted on the movable part of the telescopic rod 64. The chain 63 has two parts. A first chain 63 is located between the first driving sprocket 61, the driven sprocket 62 on the stubble-crushing roller 21, and the first adjusting sprocket 69. A second chain 63 is located between the second driving sprocket 61, the driven sprocket 62 on the soil-crushing blade shaft 28, and the second adjusting sprocket 69. During the adjustment of the height of the stubble-crushing roller 21 by the stubble-crushing adjusting cylinder 13 and the height of the spiral stubble-crushing blade 21' by the stubble-crushing adjusting cylinder 13', the tension of the chain 63 can be adjusted by the telescopic rod 64 and the adjusting sprocket 69 to ensure that the chain 63 is always kept taut. Figure 11As shown, the first driven bevel gear 65 is fixed on the vertical shaft 46 and meshes with the second driven bevel gear 66. When the vertical shaft 46 inside the leftmost harrowing leg 45 rotates, the first driven bevel gear 65 rotates accordingly, which in turn drives the second driven bevel gear 66 meshing with it to rotate, which in turn drives the drive sprocket 61 to rotate, which in turn drives the driven sprocket 62 to rotate through the chain 63, thereby realizing the rotation of the stubble-crushing roller 21 and the soil-crushing blade shaft 28.

[0031] The second transmission mechanism is located between the vertical shafts 46 within the two adjacent rake legs 45, and is used to achieve synchronous rotation of the two adjacent vertical shafts 46. Figure 11 As shown, the second transmission mechanism includes a coaxially arranged driving bevel gear 67 and a synchronous sprocket 68. Each harrowing leg 45 has a driving bevel gear 67 and a synchronous sprocket 68 rotatably mounted on it. A first driven bevel gear 65 is fixed on the vertical shaft 46 inside each harrowing leg 45. The driving bevel gear 67 on each harrowing leg 45 meshes with the first driven bevel gear 65, as shown... Figure 12 As shown, the synchronous sprockets 68 on each pair of adjacent harrowing legs 45 are connected by chains. When the vertical shaft 46 inside the leftmost harrowing leg 45 rotates, the second transmission mechanism enables the synchronous rotation of the vertical shafts 46 inside all harrowing legs 45, thereby causing the harrowing blades 41 at the lower end of all harrowing legs 45 to rotate synchronously, achieving soil breaking. The deep loosening shovel 32 breaks the soil longitudinally, while the harrowing blades 41 break the soil laterally, thus achieving efficient breaking of saline-alkali soil through both longitudinal and transverse bidirectional processes. To protect the second transmission mechanism, a transmission box 7 is provided on the side wall of the harrowing leg 45, and the drive bevel gear 67 and synchronous sprockets 68 are both located inside the transmission box 7.

[0032] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: (1) The frame 1 is pulled by the traction machinery to walk on the saline-alkali land; (2) During the walking of the frame 1, the stubble-cutting roller 21 of the stubble-cutting component 2 rotates at high speed and drives the stubble-cutting blade 24 to cut the stubble, thereby crushing the stubble; (2) The spiral stubble-cutting blade 21' of the forced double spiral stubble-cutting and soil-breaking component 2' further crushes the stubble that has been crushed by the stubble-cutting roller 21, that is, crushes the stubble. (3) The deep loosening shovel 32 plows the soil in the deep soil layer; (4) The rotating rake blade 41 crushes the soil broken by the deep loosening shovel 32 and achieves the mixing of soil and straw; (5) The compaction wheel 5 rolls on the crushed soil to achieve the compaction of the crushed soil.

[0033] This invention employs a stubble-crushing roller 21 for efficient stubble breaking, a spiral stubble-breaking blade 21′ for stubble breaking, a deep-loosening shovel 32 for directional breaking of the plow layer and soil vapor phase reconstruction, a harrow blade 41 for homogenizing soil clods, and a compaction wheel 5 for compaction and moisture retention based on real-time soil moisture conditions. This achieves efficient operation with multiple layers of optimization in a single field entry. Compared with the traditional segmented mode of plowing + harrowing + compaction, it not only shortens the operation cycle but also significantly reduces fuel consumption. At the same time, it eliminates the risk of soil compaction caused by multiple field entries, creating an ideal tillage layer with alternating loose and firm layers for seed germination and root expansion.

Claims

1. A large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for saline-alkali land operations, comprising a frame, wherein the frame is connected to a traction machine, characterized in that, The frame has a stubble-crushing assembly, a forced double-helix stubble-crushing and soil-breaking assembly, a deep loosening assembly, a harrowing assembly, and a compaction assembly arranged sequentially from front to back. The stubble-crushing assembly includes a stubble-crushing roller and stubble-crushing blades. The stubble-crushing blades are evenly distributed around the circumference of the stubble-crushing roller. The stubble-crushing roller is rotatably mounted on the lower end of a stubble-crushing support leg. The upper end of the stubble-crushing support leg is hinged to the frame. A stubble-crushing adjustment cylinder is located between the stubble-crushing support leg and the frame. The forced double-helix stubble-crushing and soil-breaking assembly includes a soil-crushing blade shaft and spiral stubble-crushing and soil-crushing blades. The soil-crushing blade shaft is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the soil-crushing support leg. The upper end of the soil-crushing support leg is hinged to the frame. A stubble-crushing adjustment cylinder is located between the soil-crushing support leg and the frame. The spiral stubble-crushing and soil-crushing blades are symmetrically arranged on the soil-crushing blade shaft. The machine consists of two sets of spiral stubble-breaking and soil-crushing blades, each set including a left-hand spiral and a right-hand spiral. The deep tillage assembly includes multiple deep tillage shovels arranged side by side, which are elastically connected to the frame, with the lower end of the deep tillage shovels lower than the stubble-crushing roller. The raking assembly consists of two sets arranged left and right, each raking assembly including raking legs and raking blades. The upper end of the raking legs is fixedly connected to the frame, and the raking blades are rotatably connected to the lower end of the raking legs, with the raking blades lower than the stubble-crushing roller. The compaction assembly includes two compaction wheels arranged front and rear, each compaction wheel including a central cylinder and wheel rims. Multiple wheel rims are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the central cylinder, located on the periphery of the central cylinder and fixedly connected to it. The wheel rims on the two compaction wheels are staggered axially.

2. The large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for composite operations in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, A circular support is fixed to the periphery of the stubble-removing roller, and the stubble-removing blade is fixed to the edge of the support; the stubble-removing blade is welded to the support; or, the stubble-removing blade has a blade holder, the edge of the support extends into the inside of the blade holder, and the support and the blade holder are fixedly connected by bolts; the width of the stubble-removing blade is greater than the width of the support.

3. The large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for composite operations in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stubble-removing roller has an annular mounting ring on its periphery, and the mounting ring is fixedly connected to the stubble-removing roller by a rod-shaped support; the stubble-removing blade contacts the outer circular surface of the mounting ring and the two are fixedly connected by bolts.

4. The large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for composite operations in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deep loosening shovel has an arc-shaped structure. The upper end of the deep loosening shovel is hinged to the support. The lower end of the deep loosening shovel is fixed with deep loosening teeth. The upper end of the deep loosening shovel is fixed with a connecting arm. A spring is provided between the connecting arm and the support.

5. The large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for composite operations in saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner side of the subsoil shovel has an inner reinforcement member, the upper end of which is fixedly connected or hinged to the upper end of the subsoil shovel, and the lower end of which is fixedly connected or hinged to the lower end of the subsoil shovel. The inner reinforcement member is a cone with a pointed tip. The outer side of the subsoil shovel has an outer reinforcement member, the upper end of which is fixedly connected or hinged to the connecting arm, and the lower end of which is fixedly connected or hinged to the subsoil shovel.

6. The large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for composite operations in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rake blade is inclined, and the rake support leg has a vertically arranged vertical shaft. The lower end of the vertical shaft is connected to the blade shaft of the rake blade through a universal joint.

7. The large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for composite operations in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stubble-cutting assembly and the harrowing assembly are connected by a transmission assembly, which includes a first transmission mechanism and a second transmission mechanism. The first transmission mechanism is located between the stubble-cutting roller and the vertical shaft inside the leftmost harrowing leg, and between the soil-crushing blade shaft and the vertical shaft inside the leftmost harrowing leg, for realizing power transmission between the stubble-cutting roller and the vertical shaft, and between the soil-crushing blade shaft and the vertical shaft. The second transmission mechanism is located between the vertical shafts inside two adjacent harrowing legs, for realizing synchronous rotation of the two adjacent vertical shafts.

8. The large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for composite operations in saline-alkali land according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first transmission mechanism includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket, an adjusting sprocket, a telescopic rod, a chain, a first driven bevel gear, and a second driven bevel gear. The driving sprocket and the second driven bevel gear are coaxially arranged and rotatably connected to the harrowing support leg. There are two driving sprockets and two driven sprockets. The first driven sprocket is coaxially arranged with the stubble-killing roller, and the second driven sprocket is coaxially arranged with the soil-crushing blade shaft. The fixed part of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the frame, and the movable part of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the adjusting sprocket. There are two adjusting sprockets. The chain is located between the driving sprocket and the corresponding driven sprocket and adjusting sprocket. The first driven bevel gear is fixed on the vertical shaft and meshes with the second driven bevel gear.

9. The large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for composite operations in saline-alkali land according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second transmission mechanism includes a driving bevel gear and a synchronizing sprocket. The driving bevel gear meshes with a first driven bevel gear. The synchronizing sprocket is coaxially arranged with the driving bevel gear and rotatably connected to the harrowing legs. The synchronizing sprockets on each pair of adjacent harrowing legs are connected by a chain.

10. The large-scale combined tillage machine suitable for composite operations in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central cylinder is rotatably connected to the lower end of the pressing leg, the upper end of the pressing leg is hinged to the frame, the two central cylinders are connected by a connecting rod, and one of the pressing legs has a pressing adjustment cylinder between it and the frame.

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