Filter press

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid-liquid separation, in particular to a filter press. The filter press comprises a rack, a main pressure applying device, an auxiliary pressure applying device, at least one locking device and a plurality of drainage plate assemblies, the main pressure applying device comprises a main pressure applying driving source and a pressing plate, the auxiliary pressure applying device comprises an auxiliary pressure applying driving source and a thrust plate, and the main pressure applying driving source and the auxiliary pressure applying driving source are used for driving the pressing plate and the thrust plate to slide on the rack in the X direction respectively; each locking device is configured to be capable of locking the thrust plate at the pre-pressing position; the drain board assemblies slide in the X direction and are arranged on the rack side by side, each drain board assembly comprises a drain board and a filter bag, and a plurality of filter bags are arranged between every two adjacent drain boards; the X direction is parallel to the horizontal plane. The filter press has the advantages that the driving stroke of the main pressure applying driving source is reduced, and the loss of the main pressure applying driving source is reduced; damage to the filter plate is delayed, and the service life of the filter plate is prolonged; and the equipment is simpler and more reliable in structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid-liquid separation technology, and in particular to a filter press. Background Technology

[0002] As a core piece of equipment for industrial solid-liquid separation, the filter press operates on a pressure-driven solid-liquid separation mechanism, achieving efficient filtration through the synergistic effect of mechanical structure and fluid dynamics. To obtain a lower moisture content, higher pressure needs to be applied to the filter cake. Filter presses are typically classified according to the pressure exerted on the filter cake: low-pressure filter presses (below 2 MPa), high-pressure filter presses (2-6 MPa), ultra-high-pressure filter presses (6-10 MPa), and extra-high-pressure filter presses (10 MPa and above). Currently, there are two types of ultra-high-pressure / extra-high-pressure filter presses: diaphragm filter presses and direct-pressure chamber filter presses.

[0003] Among them, diaphragm filter presses, due to the addition of a diaphragm structure in the filter chamber, suffer from problems such as high equipment complexity, wasted cylinder efficiency, filter chamber seal failure caused by the conflict between the pressure generated by the diaphragm and the thrust of the cylinder, and easy damage to the filter plates. Direct pressure chamber filter presses, on the other hand, suffer from problems such as easily damaged filter plates, low working efficiency, long pressing stroke, and high manufacturing difficulty and cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a filter press to solve the technical problems of existing ultra-high pressure / extra-high pressure filter presses, such as complex structure, easy damage to filter plates, low working efficiency, long pressing stroke, and high manufacturing cost.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A filter press, comprising: frame; The main pressure application device includes a main pressure drive source and a pressure plate, wherein the main pressure drive source is configured to drive the pressure plate to slide along the X direction on the frame; A secondary pressure device includes a secondary pressure drive source and a thrust plate. The secondary pressure drive source is configured to drive the thrust plate to slide on the frame along the X direction. The thrust plate has a first initial position and a pre-pressure position that moves a first preset distance relative to the first initial position in a direction close to the pressure plate. At least one locking device is configured to lock the thrust plate in the preloaded position; Multiple drainage plate assemblies are arranged side by side between the pressing plate and the thrust plate and are slidably mounted on the frame along the X direction. Each drainage plate assembly includes a drainage plate and a filter bag, and a number of filter bags are arranged between each two adjacent drainage plates. Wherein, the X direction is parallel to the horizontal plane.

[0006] In some embodiments, each of the locking devices includes a first thrust structure fixed to the frame, a second thrust structure fixed to the periphery of the thrust plate, and a pin plate slidably disposed on the thrust plate or the frame, wherein: The first thrust structure and the second thrust structure can interpenetrate each other during the position switching of the thrust plate, and a thrust gap is formed between them along the X direction when the thrust plate is in the pre-compression position; The pin plate has a locking position inserted into the thrust gap and a releasing position removed from the thrust gap.

[0007] In some embodiments, the pin plate is slidably disposed on the thrust plate, and the locking device further includes a pin plate drive source connected between the thrust plate and the pin plate, the pin plate drive source being configured to drive the pin plate to switch between the locked position and the released position; and / or The first thrust-stop structure includes a plurality of first protrusions, and the second thrust-stop structure includes a plurality of second protrusions. The projections of the plurality of first protrusions and the plurality of second protrusions onto a preset plane are arranged in a comb-like, staggered pattern. The preset plane is perpendicular to the X-direction; and / or, The number of locking devices is two, three, or four. At least two of the opposite sides along the Y direction and the opposite sides along the Z direction of the thrust plate are respectively provided with one locking device. The Y direction is parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the X direction, and the Z direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0008] In some embodiments, the frame includes two side beams arranged parallel to each other along the Y direction, and a first thrust structure is respectively provided on the side of the two side beams that are close to each other; The thrust plate is disposed between the two side beams, and a second thrust structure is respectively disposed on the two opposite side walls of the thrust plate along the Y direction; The first thrust structure includes a plurality of first protrusions spaced apart along the Z direction, and the second thrust structure includes a plurality of second protrusions spaced apart along the Z direction, with the first protrusions and second protrusions on the same side alternating along the Z direction; The thrust plate has a first end face away from the clamping plate. On the opposite sides of the first end face along the Y direction, a pin plate is slidably disposed along the Y direction. When in the locked position, the pin plate crossbar is between the first protrusion and the second protrusion on the same side.

[0009] In some embodiments, it also includes: The unloading device includes a pushing mechanism and a first horizontal drive mechanism. The pushing mechanism is configured to apply downward pressure to the filter cake on both sides of the drainage plate, and the first horizontal drive mechanism is configured to drive the pushing mechanism to slide along the X direction on the frame. The plate pulling device includes a plate pulling trolley and a second horizontal drive mechanism, the second horizontal drive mechanism being configured to drive the plate pulling trolley to slide along the X direction on the frame so that the plate pulling trolley pulls apart the drainage plate assemblies that are attached together.

[0010] In some embodiments, the unloading device further includes a plurality of pressing assemblies, which are disposed on top of the plurality of drainage plates in a corresponding manner; Each of the pressing assemblies includes a pressing element slidably disposed on the corresponding drainage plate along the Z direction and an elastic reset element connected between the pressing element and the corresponding drainage plate. The lower end of the pressing element faces the filter bags on both sides of the corresponding drainage plate, and the Z direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The pushing mechanism is configured to apply downward pressure to a plurality of the pressing members located directly below it, and the elastic reset member is configured to provide an elastic force that drives the pressing members to move upward relative to the corresponding drainage plate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the pushing mechanism further includes a second driving member and a pressing block, wherein: the second driving member is a piston cylinder that extends and retracts along the Z-direction, and the cylinder body of the piston cylinder is pulverically connected to the first horizontal driving mechanism; the pressing block is disposed at the end of the piston rod of the second driving member, and the pressing block is suspended above the pressing member; and / or, Several filter bags are suspended on both sides of each drainage plate along the X direction. The pressing component on the same drainage plate is connected to the upper end face of each filter bag by a tie. And / or, the lower end face of the pressing component on the same drainage plate is at a certain distance from the upper end face of each filter bag during the filtration process.

[0012] In some embodiments, the filter bag is open on both sides and at its lower end along the Y direction, and closed at its upper end. The Y direction is parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the X direction. A U-shaped elastic sealing element is provided on the side of the drainage plate closest to the filter bag. This elastic sealing element is used to press the open edge of the filter bag to form a closed filter chamber; and / or, The filter press also includes multiple drainage baffle assemblies, which are arranged alternately and side by side with the multiple drainage plate assemblies along the X direction. A filter bag is provided between each adjacent drainage plate and drainage baffle assembly, and the drainage baffle assembly is capable of deformation in the X direction.

[0013] In some embodiments, the main pressure driving source is a hydraulic cylinder that extends and retracts along the X direction, and a connection structure is provided between the piston rod end of the main pressure driving source and the clamping plate; The connection structure includes a connector, an adjusting block, and a first pressure cap, wherein: The connector is fixed to the piston rod end of the main pressure driving source, and the end of the connector near the clamping plate is an arc surface; The adjusting block is sandwiched between the arc surface and the pressing plate, and has an arc groove adapted to the arc surface. The first pressure cap is fitted onto the connector and fixedly installed on the clamping plate, with the periphery of the connector sandwiched between the first pressure cap and the clamping plate.

[0014] In some embodiments, a sealing ring is provided between the connector and the first gland, and the first gland is provided with an oil inlet; and / or, The clamping plate is provided with a connecting groove at the position corresponding to each of the connecting structures, the adjusting block is placed in the corresponding connecting groove, and there is a movable gap between the adjusting block and the bottom of the corresponding connecting groove; and / or, The adjustment block is made of metal and / or elastic materials.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The filter press provided by the present invention includes a frame, a main pressure device, a secondary pressure device, at least one locking device, and multiple drainage plate assemblies, wherein: the main pressure device includes a main pressure drive source and a pressing plate, the main pressure drive source being configured to drive the pressing plate to slide along the X direction on the frame; the secondary pressure device includes a secondary pressure drive source and a thrust plate, the secondary pressure drive source being configured to drive the thrust plate to slide along the X direction on the frame, the thrust plate having a first initial position and a pre-pressed position that moves a first preset distance relative to the first initial position in a direction approaching the pressing plate; each locking device is configured to lock the thrust plate in the pre-pressed position; multiple drainage plate assemblies are arranged side by side between the pressing plate and the thrust plate and are respectively slidably arranged on the frame along the X direction, each drainage plate assembly including a drainage plate and a filter bag, and a plurality of filter bags are arranged between each two adjacent drainage plates; wherein, the X direction is parallel to the horizontal plane.

[0016] The filter press provided in this application has the following advantages: (1) It rationally allocates the functions of the main pressure drive source and the auxiliary pressure drive source and the total stroke required for filtration, reducing the drive stroke of the main pressure drive source and reducing its losses. (2) During the pressing process, most of the pressure from the main pressure drive source acts on the filter cake, and only a small part acts on the filter plate, thereby delaying the damage to the filter plate and increasing its service life. (3) The locking device allows the thrust plate to be directly transmitted to the frame during the pressing process, and the auxiliary pressure drive source only bears a small force. (4) The structure of the equipment is simpler and more reliable. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a filter press provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the filter press provided in an embodiment of the present invention after removing the drainage plate assembly and the drainage baffle assembly; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view at point A; Figure 4 The projection diagram of the filter press push plate, side beam and locking device on a preset plane provided in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the main pressure application device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the main pressure driving source, connecting structure, and thrust plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first and second horizontal drive mechanisms provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the pushing mechanism and gantry frame provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the drainage board assembly and the pressing assembly thereon provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 A side view of the drainage plate assembly and the pressing assembly thereon provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the pressing assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the force exerted on the drainage plate assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention during the pressing process. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the drainage plate assembly and the drainage baffle assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a partial enlarged view of one side of the filter press provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic flowchart of the unloading method for a filter press provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] icon: 1-Frame; 11-Side beam; 12-Main cylinder seat; 13-Auxiliary cylinder seat; 14-First guide rail; 15-Second guide rail; 16-Third guide rail; 2-Main pressure application device; 21-Main pressure application drive source; 22-Pressure plate; 23-Connecting structure; 231-Connector; 232-Adjusting block; 233-First pressure cap; 234-Sealing ring; 3-Secondary pressure application device; 31-Secondary pressure application drive source; 32-Thrust plate; 4-Locking device; 41-First thrust structure; 411-First protrusion; 42-Second thrust structure; 421-Second protrusion; 43-Pin plate; 44-Pin plate drive source; 45-Fourth guide rail; 5-Drainage board assembly; 51-Drainage board; 52-Filter bag; 53-Elastic sealing element; 54-Water distributor; 6-Unloading device; 61-Pushing mechanism; 611-Longitudinal drive source; 612-Lower pressure block; 62-First horizontal drive mechanism; 621-First horizontal drive source; 622-Drive shaft; 623-Driven sprocket; 63-Pressure assembly; 631-Pressure component; 6311-Allowing groove; 6312-Belt connection hole; 632-Elastic reset component; 633-Guide column; 634-Busset; 635-Column support; 636-Pre-pressure block; 637-Belt; 638-Second pressure cover; 64-Gantry frame; 7-Plate pulling device; 71-Plate pulling trolley; 72-Second horizontal drive mechanism; 8-Drainage baffle assembly; 9-Iron chain; 10 - Handle; 101 - Long handle; 102 - Short handle; I - Thrust clearance. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "connection" and "installation" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or a connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] In existing ultra-high pressure / extra-high pressure filter presses, the main hydraulic cylinder is often only used to provide sealing force for the formation of the filter chambers, even if the adjacent filter plates are pressed together to form a closed filter chamber between them. If secondary pressing of the filter cake is required after feeding, a new pressing structure needs to be added to the filter plates. Specifically: diaphragm filter presses add a diaphragm structure to the filter plates and further compress the filter cake by inflating the diaphragm structure; direct pressure chamber filter presses use a ring of elastic protrusions around the filter plates, which absorb the compression stroke, allowing the hydraulic cylinder to push against the filter plates to further compress the filter cake. Regardless of whether it is a diaphragm or chamber filter press, both use a design where the feed channel runs through all filter chambers. The feeding sequence of each filter chamber is inconsistent, which leads to uneven coal cake formation in each filter chamber, making it impossible to guarantee the consistency of feeding and the moisture content of the formed filter cake.

[0024] The two types of filter presses mentioned above each have the following disadvantages: For diaphragm filter presses, the filter pressing structure undoubtedly increases the complexity of the equipment and wastes the efficiency of the hydraulic cylinder. Moreover, the pressure generated by the diaphragm and the thrust of the hydraulic cylinder are mutually antagonistic; if the diaphragm pressure is greater than the hydraulic cylinder pressure, the seal will fail, leading to material leakage; if the hydraulic cylinder pressure is greater than the diaphragm pressure, the filter plates will bear greater pressure, which can easily damage the filter plates.

[0025] For direct-pressure chamber filter presses, during the pressing stage, if the coal cake in some filter chambers is not fully formed, resulting in a very low pressure-bearing capacity of the coal cake, then most of the hydraulic cylinder pressure will act on the filter plates, easily causing damage to the filter plates. Furthermore, the total stroke of a conventional filter press's hydraulic cylinder includes two parts: the idle stroke and the pre-pressing stroke. However, the total stroke of an ultra-high-pressure filter press includes three parts: the idle stroke, the pre-pressing stroke, and the pressing stroke. Therefore, the pressing stroke of a direct-pressure filter press during ultra-high-pressure filtration is much longer than that of conventional medium and low-pressure filter presses and diaphragm filter presses, which undoubtedly increases the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the equipment.

[0026] Based on the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, this application provides a filter press capable of operating under ultra-high pressure / extra-high pressure, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The filter press includes a frame 1, a main pressure device 2, a secondary pressure device 3, at least one locking device 4, and multiple drainage plate assemblies 5. The main pressure device 2 includes a main pressure drive source 21 and a pressure plate 22, the main pressure drive source 21 being configured to drive the pressure plate 22 to slide along the X direction on the frame 1. The secondary pressure device 3 includes a secondary pressure drive source 31 and a thrust plate 32, the secondary pressure drive source 31 being configured to drive the thrust plate 32 to slide along the X direction on the frame 1. The thrust plate 32 has a first initial... The initial position and the pre-pressed position that moves a first preset distance relative to the first initial position in the direction close to the pressure plate 22; each locking device 4 is configured to lock the thrust plate 32 in the pre-pressed position; multiple drainage plate assemblies 5 are arranged side by side between the pressure plate 22 and the thrust plate 32 and are respectively slidably arranged on the frame 1 in the X direction, each drainage plate assembly 5 includes a drainage plate 51 and a filter bag 52, and a plurality of filter bags 52 are arranged between each two adjacent drainage plates 51; wherein, the X direction is parallel to the horizontal plane.

[0027] Compared to existing diaphragm-type and direct-pressure chamber-type ultra-high pressure / extra-high pressure filter presses, the filter press provided in this application has the following advantages: (1) The filter press changes the traditional fixed installation of the thrust plate 32 on the frame 1 to a sliding installation on the frame 1. The secondary pressure drive source 31 drives the thrust plate 32 to move to achieve the empty stroke and pre-pressing stroke, and the main pressure drive source 21 drives the pressing plate 22 to move to achieve the pressing stroke. This setting reasonably allocates the functions of the main pressure drive source 21 and the secondary pressure drive source 31 and the total stroke required for filtration. The main pressure drive source 21 undertakes the pressing function with high output, and the secondary pressure drive source 31 undertakes the pressing function with low output. This reduces the driving stroke, length and manufacturing cost of the main pressure drive source 21, improves the utilization efficiency of the main pressure drive source 21, and significantly reduces the weight and cost of the whole machine.

[0028] (2) During the operation of the filter press, each filter bag 52 can form a closed filter chamber; during the feeding stage, the main feed pipe extends the branch pipe to feed each filter bag 52 individually and synchronously, ensuring the consistency of the feeding; during the pressing stage, the hydraulic system directly presses the filter cake, and the filter cakes transmit force to each other, ensuring that the filter cakes are under the same pressure, and ensuring the consistency of the moisture content of the generated filter cakes; in this way, during the pressing process, the pressure of the main pressure driving source 21 will mostly act on the filter cake, and only a small part will act on the filter plate, thereby delaying the damage of the filter plate and increasing the service life of the filter plate.

[0029] (3) The filter press is equipped with a locking device 4 for locking the thrust plate 32 in the pre-pressing position, so that the thrust plate 32 is directly transmitted to the frame 1 during the pressing process, rather than to the secondary pressure driving source 31, so that the secondary pressure driving source 31 only bears a small force, thereby avoiding damage to the secondary pressure driving source 31 and reducing its cost.

[0030] (4) Compared with the diaphragm filter press, this filter press is essentially a direct pressure filter press. The pressing pressure of the filter cake comes from the direct thrust of the oil cylinder throughout the process, which will not waste the efficiency of the oil cylinder. At the same time, there is no need to set up a diaphragm structure and an air passage component to inflate the diaphragm structure. Its equipment structure is simpler and more reliable.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 The frame 1 includes two parallel side beams 11 spaced apart along the Y direction, a main cylinder seat 12 connected between one end of the two side beams 11, and a secondary cylinder seat 13 connected between one end of the two side beams 11. The main body of the main pressure drive source 21 is fixed on the main cylinder seat 12, and the main body of the secondary pressure drive source 31 is fixed on the secondary cylinder seat 13. The clamping plate 22 and the thrust plate 32 are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart along the X direction. (Refer to...) Figure 3 Roller supports are installed on the upper sides of the clamping plate 22 and the upper sides of the thrust plate 32 respectively. The roller supports slide with the roller guide rail on the side beam 11 on the same side to counteract the weight of the clamping plate 22 and the thrust plate 32, so that the clamping plate 22 and the thrust plate 32 can slide on the frame 1 along the X direction respectively.

[0032] In this embodiment, both the main pressure drive source 21 and the auxiliary pressure drive source 31 are hydraulic cylinders that extend and retract along the X-direction. In practical applications, due to differences in filter plate size and the load required for pressing, the total output and stroke of the main pressure drive source 21 vary. The specifications and quantity of the main pressure drive source 21 can be modified according to actual needs; that is, the specifications, quantity, and arrangement of the main hydraulic cylinders can be changed according to the total output requirements, such as single-cylinder, four-cylinder, nine-cylinder, or sixteen-cylinder configurations. The specifications and quantity of the auxiliary pressure drive source 31 can be adjusted according to output requirements. Generally, only one auxiliary pressure drive source 31 is needed to meet the requirements. In this embodiment, there are multiple main pressure drive sources 21 (specifically four) arranged in a matrix, and only one auxiliary pressure drive source 31. The volume and rated pressure of the auxiliary pressure drive source 31 are much smaller than those of the main pressure drive source 21, and it hardly increases the weight and volume of the entire machine.

[0033] Optionally, the number of locking devices 4 can be one, two, or more. The more locking devices 4 there are, the greater the connection strength between the thrust plate 32 and the frame 1 during the pressing process, and the greater the thrust that the thrust plate 32 can withstand.

[0034] In some embodiments, at least two of the opposite sides of the thrust plate 32 along the Y direction and the opposite sides along the Z direction are respectively provided with a locking device 4, wherein the Y direction is parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the X direction, and the Z direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In a first optional embodiment, the number of locking devices 4 is two, referring to... Figure 3 and Figure 4 In a second optional embodiment, the number of locking devices 4 is three, arranged in a U-shape or inverted U-shape, with two locking devices 4 located on opposite sides of the thrust plate 32 along the Y direction and the other locking device 4 located on one side of the thrust plate 32 along the Z direction. In a third optional embodiment, the number of locking devices 4 is four, arranged in a ring around the circumference of the thrust plate 32. In summary, the number and distribution of locking devices 4 can be selected according to actual conditions. In the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings of this application (hereinafter collectively referred to as this embodiment), the number of locking devices 4 is two, located on opposite sides of the thrust plate 32 along the Y direction.

[0035] Continue to refer to Figure 3Each locking device 4 includes a first thrust structure 41 fixed on the frame 1, a second thrust structure 42 fixed on the periphery of the thrust plate 32, and a pin plate 43 slidably disposed on the thrust plate 32 or the frame 1. The first thrust structure 41 and the second thrust structure 42 can interlock with each other during the position switching of the thrust plate 32, and a thrust gap I is formed between them in the X direction when the thrust plate 32 is in the pre-compression position. The pin plate 43 has a locking position inserted into the thrust gap I and a release position removed from the thrust gap I.

[0036] When pin 43 is in the locked position, such as Figure 3 As shown in the locking device 4 on the right side, the pin plate 43 is inserted into the thrust gap I, with its crossbar between the first thrust structure 41 and the second thrust structure 42. At this time, the thrust plate 32 can be locked onto the frame 1 under the action of the thrust of the main pressure driving source 21 and the thrust force of the second thrust structure 42. The thrust of the main pressure driving source 21 on the thrust plate 32 is transmitted to the frame 1 through the pin plate 43 and the first thrust structure 41, preventing the secondary pressure driving source 31 from being subjected to excessive force. When the pin plate 43 is in the released position, as... Figure 3 As shown in the locking device 4 on the left side, the pin plate 43 is offset from the thrust gap I, which does not obstruct the interlocking movement of the first thrust structure 41 and the second thrust structure 42. Therefore, the thrust plate 32 can slide relative to the frame 1 to switch positions.

[0037] In this embodiment, the pin plate 43 is slidably disposed on the thrust plate 32. The locking device 4 also includes a pin plate drive source 44 connected between the thrust plate 32 and the pin plate 43. The pin plate drive source 44 is configured to drive the pin plate 43 to switch between a locked position and a released position. Of course, in some other embodiments, the pin plate 43 may also be slidably disposed on the frame 1, and the pin plate drive source 44 is connected between the frame 1 and the pin plate 43. The working principle of the two embodiments is the same, only the position of the pin plate 43 is different. The setting of the pin plate drive source 44 improves the automation level of the equipment and avoids manual intervention in the pressing process.

[0038] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4As shown, the first thrust structure 41 includes a plurality of first protrusions 411, and the second thrust structure 42 includes a plurality of second protrusions 421. The orthogonal projections of the plurality of first protrusions 411 and the plurality of second protrusions 421 on the preset plane are arranged in a comb-like staggered pattern, and the preset plane is perpendicular to the X direction. Specifically, in this embodiment, the frame 1 includes two side beams 11 arranged parallel to each other along the Y direction. A first thrust structure 41 is provided on the side of the two side beams 11 that are close to each other. A thrust plate 32 is provided between the two side beams 11. A second thrust structure 42 is provided on the two opposite side walls of the thrust plate 32 along the Y direction. The first thrust structure 41 includes a plurality of first protrusions 411 arranged at intervals along the Z direction. The second thrust structure 42 includes a plurality of second protrusions 421 arranged at intervals along the Z direction. The first protrusions 411 and second protrusions 421 on the same side are alternately distributed along the Z direction. The thrust plate 32 has a first end face away from the pressure plate 22. A pin plate 43 is slidably provided on the opposite sides of the first end face along the Y direction. When in the locked position, the pin plate 43 is positioned between the first protrusions 411 and second protrusions 421 on the same side.

[0039] Using the above technical solution, the working principle of this filter press is as follows: In the initial state of the equipment, the clamping plate 22 is in the second initial position, the thrust plate 32 is in the first initial position, and the pin plate 43 is in the release position. First, the control auxiliary pressure driving source 31 drives the thrust plate 32 to move a first preset distance in the direction close to the clamping plate 22, so that the clamping plate 22 is in the pre-pressing position. The first preset distance is equal to the sum of the empty stroke and the pre-pressing stroke. At this time, a closed filter chamber is formed between the two adjacent drainage plates 51. Next, the control pin plate drive source 44 drives the pin plate 43 to move from the release position to the locking position, so that the pin plate 43 is positioned between the first protrusion 411 and the second protrusion 421 on the same side. At this time, the auxiliary pressure drive source 31 removes the oil pressure, and the thrust plate 32 will not retract. After injecting a set amount of slurry into each of the filter bags 52, the main pressure drive source 21 is controlled to drive the pressing plate 22 to move a second preset distance in a direction close to the thrust plate 32, so that the pressing plate 22 is in the final pressing position. During this process, the main pressure drive source 21 applies pressure to all the drainage plates 51 to press the slurry between adjacent drainage plates 51. After pressing is completed, the main pressure drive source 21 drives the pressing plate 22 back to the second initial position. Then, the secondary pressure drive source 31 drives the thrust plate 32 to move a small third preset distance in the direction close to the pressing plate 22, so that a gap is created between the first thrust structure 41 and the pin plate 43, so that the pin plate 43 can be retracted to the release position. After the pin plate 43 is retracted, the secondary pressure drive source 31 drives the thrust plate 32 back to the first initial position, thus completing one pressing cycle.

[0040] Continue to refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, multiple pin drive sources 44 are connected between each pin plate 43 and the thrust plate 32. The multiple pin drive sources 44 are arranged at intervals along the Z direction and are all piston cylinders that extend and retract along the Y direction. The piston cylinders can be one of the following: pneumatic cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, and electric cylinder. To avoid the piston rod end of the pin drive source 44 being subjected to shear force along the X direction, the piston rod end of the pin drive source 44 and the pin plate 43 can be connected to each other through a floating joint.

[0041] In this embodiment, the pin drive source 44 is specifically a one-way cylinder, whose cylinder body is fixed on the thrust plate 32, and whose piston rod end is connected to a pin plate 43. In other embodiments, the pin drive source 44 can also be a double-ended cylinder, with the ends of its two piston rods respectively connected to two pin plates 43. Furthermore, the pin drive source 44 can also be a motor, which is connected to the pin plate 43 via a linear transmission structure such as a ball screw or rack and pinion.

[0042] Furthermore, to limit the movement trajectory of the pin 43 on the thrust plate 32, a fourth guide rail 45 extending in the Y direction is provided on the thrust plate 32 corresponding to the position of each pin 43. The pin 43 is slidably mounted on the fourth guide rail 45 via a slider or guide groove thereon. A millimeter-level clearance can be reserved between the fourth guide rail 45 and its slider or guide groove in the X direction to prevent the fourth guide rail 45 from being subjected to shear force during the pressing process.

[0043] Reference Figure 5 In some embodiments, a connecting structure 23 is provided between the piston rod end of each main pressure drive source 21 and the clamping plate 22. (Refer to...) Figure 6 The connecting structure 23 includes a connector 231, an adjusting block 232, and a first pressure cap 233, wherein: the connector 231 is fixed to the piston rod end of the main pressure driving source 21, and the end of the connector 231 near the pressure plate 22 is an arc surface; the adjusting block 232 is sandwiched between the arc surface and the pressure plate 22, and has an arc groove adapted to the arc surface; the first pressure cap 233 is fitted onto the connector 231 and fixedly installed on the pressure plate 22, and the periphery of the connector 231 is sandwiched between the first pressure cap 233 and the pressure plate 22.

[0044] In this embodiment, one end face of the connector 231 has a threaded hole for screwing onto the piston rod, and the other end face is an arc surface. The adjusting block 232 is provided with an arc-shaped groove that closely matches the arc surface of the connector 231 (the fitting clearance is controlled at 0.05-0.1mm to ensure that the coaxiality error of the piston rod during reciprocating motion is ≤0.02mm). The first pressure cap 233 achieves axial connection between the connector 231 and the thrust plate 32, preventing the connector 231 from falling off the thrust plate 32. An anti-detachment pin can be added to the connector 231. The anti-detachment pin is screwed onto the connector 231 and located on the side of the first pressure cap 233 away from the thrust plate 32. The anti-detachment pin can improve the anti-pull-out capability of the connector 231 under ultra-high pressure.

[0045] The connection structure 23 eliminates the lateral force on the cylinder rod caused by cylinder axis misalignment, thus improving cylinder life. Furthermore, in multi-cylinder applications, the connection structure 23 reduces the precision requirements for cylinder-to-cylinder fit. Additionally, the separate design of the connector 231 and piston rod reduces replacement costs should the connector 231 fail.

[0046] Continue to refer to Figure 6 In some embodiments, a sealing ring 234 is provided between the connector 231 and the first pressure cap 233, and an oil injection port is provided on the first pressure cap 233. Oil can be injected through the oil injection port to lubricate the contact surfaces of the connector 231 and the adjusting block 232, making their relative movement smoother. An annular groove for installing the sealing ring 234 is machined on the circumferential surface of the connector 231, and the sealing ring 234 achieves a seal to prevent oil leakage.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first pressure cap 233 is composed of two symmetrical semi-circular components, which are fastened to the thrust plate 32 by bolts or other means.

[0048] In some embodiments, the clamping plate 22 is provided with a connecting groove at a position corresponding to each connecting structure 23, and the adjusting block 232 is placed in the corresponding connecting groove, with a movable gap between the adjusting block 232 and the bottom of the corresponding connecting groove. The setting of the movable gap provides adjustment range for the assembly of the hydraulic cylinder, reduces the precision requirements in the assembly of the hydraulic cylinders of the multi-cylinder filter press, and facilitates the installation of the hydraulic cylinders.

[0049] In some embodiments, the adjusting block 232 is made of a metal material or an elastic material (such as polyurethane, rubber, etc.). A metal adjusting block 232 has advantages such as low friction and smoother relative movement with the connector 231, while an elastic adjusting block 232 has advantages such as extensibility and greater adjustment range. In other embodiments, the adjusting block 232 is composed of a metal clip and an elastic body made of an elastic material, wherein the clip is embedded in the side of the elastic body away from the thrust plate 32, and the clip has the aforementioned arc-shaped groove; the adjusting block 232 combines the advantages of both metal and elastic materials.

[0050] Continue to refer to Figure 1 In some embodiments, the filter press further includes a discharge device 6 and a plate-pulling device 7; the discharge device 6 includes a pushing mechanism 61 and a first horizontal drive mechanism 62, the pushing mechanism 61 being configured to apply downward pressure to the filter cake on both sides of the drain plate 51, and the first horizontal drive mechanism 62 being configured to drive the pushing mechanism 61 to slide along the X direction on the frame 1; the plate-pulling device 7 includes a plate-pulling carriage 71 and a second horizontal drive mechanism 72, the second horizontal drive mechanism 72 being configured to drive the plate-pulling carriage 71 to slide along the X direction on the frame 1, so that the plate-pulling carriage 71 pulls apart the drain plate assemblies 5 that are attached together. Figure 7 In this application, the unloading device 6 and the pulling plate device 7 are driven independently and do not affect each other during the movement.

[0051] In existing filter presses equipped with unloading devices, the unloading device and the plate-pulling trolley typically share a single drive mechanism, and unloading is usually achieved by vibrating the filter plates. However, in this application, the unloading device 6 and the plate-pulling device 7 are driven independently. During unloading, the pushing mechanism 61 and the plate-pulling trolley 5 operate in parallel under the drive of the first horizontal drive mechanism 62 and the second horizontal drive mechanism 72, respectively, without interfering with each other. This allows unloading and plate-pulling to occur simultaneously, reducing the unloading time by approximately half compared to existing technologies. Furthermore, this application directly presses down on the filter cake for unloading, resulting in more thorough unloading and eliminating the need for multiple vibrations, thus improving unloading efficiency. This pressing method directly acts on the upper surface of the filter bag 52, facilitating the separation of the upper surface of the filter bag 52 from the filter cake, allowing the filter cake to fall smoothly from the filter bag 52.

[0052] Optionally, the first horizontal drive mechanism 62 and the second horizontal drive mechanism 72 are respectively one of a chain transmission mechanism, a belt transmission mechanism, a gear and rack transmission mechanism, and a ball screw transmission mechanism.

[0053] Continue to refer to Figure 7In this embodiment, the first horizontal drive mechanism 62 and the second horizontal drive mechanism 72 are both chain transmission mechanisms. Taking the first horizontal drive mechanism 62 as an example, the first horizontal drive mechanism 62 includes a first horizontal drive source 621, a drive shaft 622, a driven sprocket 623, and two chains. The first horizontal drive source 621 is a motor (or a hydraulic motor), its main body is mounted on the frame 1, and a drive sprocket is mounted on its power output shaft. The two ends of the drive shaft 622 are respectively mounted on both sides of the frame 1 along the Y direction via bearing seats. A driven sprocket 623 meshing with the drive sprocket is mounted in the middle of the drive shaft 622, and a driven sprocket 623 is mounted on each end of the drive shaft 622. A driven sprocket 623 is rotatably mounted on each side of the frame 1 along the Y direction, and a chain connects the two driven sprockets 623 located on the same side of the frame 1 along the Y direction. Figure 8 The unloading device 6 also includes a gantry frame 64, with two uprights of the gantry frame 64 fixed at the middle positions of the two chains of the first horizontal drive mechanism 62, and a pushing mechanism 61 installed at the top middle position of the gantry frame 64. When the first horizontal drive source 621 is started, the first horizontal drive source 621 drives the pushing mechanism 61 to move along the X direction via the chains.

[0054] Furthermore, the first horizontal drive source 621 is equipped with a counting device. For example, the first horizontal drive source 621 is equipped with an encoder, and the position of the longitudinal drive source 611 on the frame 1 is determined by the signal transmitted by the encoder, so that the unloading device 6 and the pull plate trolley are staggered, so that the pull plate action and the unloading action can be performed simultaneously.

[0055] Reference Figure 7 The second horizontal drive mechanism 72 and the first horizontal drive mechanism 62 are sequentially arranged on the frame 1 along the Z-direction. The structure of the second horizontal drive mechanism 72 is roughly the same as that of the first horizontal drive mechanism 62. A pull plate trolley 71 is installed at the middle position of each of the two chains in the second horizontal drive mechanism 72. The two uprights of the gantry 64 need to span across the two pull plate trolleys 71 to avoid motion interference between them.

[0056] Belt transmission mechanisms, rack and pinion transmission mechanisms, and ball screw transmission mechanisms are all common transmission mechanisms, and their structures will not be described in detail here.

[0057] Reference Figures 9 to 11The unloading device 6 also includes multiple pressing assemblies 63, which are correspondingly arranged on top of multiple drainage plates 51. Each pressing assembly 63 includes a pressing member 631 slidably disposed on the corresponding drainage plate 51 along the Z-direction and an elastic reset member 632 connecting the pressing member 631 and the corresponding drainage plate 51. The lower end of the pressing member 631 faces the filter bags 52 on both sides of the corresponding drainage plate 51, and the Z-direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Based on the above structure, the pushing mechanism 61 is configured to apply downward pressure to the plurality of pressing members 631 located directly below it, and the elastic reset member 632 is configured to provide a spring force to drive the pressing members 631 to move upward relative to the corresponding drainage plate 51.

[0058] Using the above technical solution, when the pushing mechanism 61 pushes the pressing component 631 to move downward, the pressing component 631 can apply downward pressure to the filter cake located directly below it, causing the filter cake to fall out of the filter bag 52; when the pushing mechanism 61 removes the downward pressure on the pressing component 631, the pressing component 631 rises and resets under the drive of the elastic reset component 632.

[0059] In some embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 8 The pushing mechanism 61 also includes a longitudinal drive source 611 and a lower pressure block 612. The longitudinal drive source 611 is a piston cylinder that extends and retracts along the Z-direction, and the cylinder body is connected to the first horizontal drive mechanism 62. The lower pressure block 612 is located at the end of the piston rod of the longitudinal drive source 611 and is suspended above the pressing components 631. The number of longitudinal drive sources 611 can be one, two, or more, and can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs (e.g., the length and weight of the lower pressure block 612). The lower pressure block 612 is fixed to the end of the piston rod of the longitudinal drive source 611, and its length is parallel to the X-direction. By controlling the length of the lower pressure block 612, it can push at least two pressing components 631 downwards at a time, thereby improving unloading efficiency.

[0060] Optionally, the elastic reset element 632 is one of a compression spring, a tension spring, or a torsion spring.

[0061] Reference Figure 11 In some embodiments, the pressing assembly 63 further includes a guide post 633, which is fixed to the top of the corresponding drainage plate 51, and the pressing component 631 is slidably disposed on the guide post 633. The number of guide posts 633 in the pressing assembly 63 can be one, two, or more, and their function is to limit the descent trajectory of the pressing component 631.

[0062] In this embodiment, the lower end of the guide column 633 is provided with a positioning protrusion, and the upper surface of the drainage plate 51 is provided with a corresponding positioning groove. The positioning protrusion is inserted into the positioning groove one by one to achieve positioning of the guide column 633 on the corresponding drainage plate 51. The pressing assembly 63 also includes a column support 635, which is fitted and fixed to the lower end of the guide column 633 one by one, and the column support 635 is fixed to the upper surface of the corresponding drainage plate 51 by bolts, thereby achieving a fixed connection between the guide column 633 and the corresponding drainage plate 51. In addition, the guide column 633 can also be fixed to the corresponding drainage plate 51 by welding or other methods.

[0063] In some embodiments, the elastic reset member 632 is a compression spring, and the pressure member 631 has a fitting connection hole. The compression spring and the fitting connection hole are fitted onto the guide post 633 from bottom to top. Figure 5 As shown, the two ends of the compression spring abut against the column support 635 and the pressure member 631 respectively, thereby applying an upward elastic force to the pressure member 631. Furthermore, the pressure assembly 63 also includes a second pressure cap 638, which is fixed to the upper end face of the guide column 633. The fitting connection hole is configured so that the second pressure cap 638 cannot pass through; for example, the diameter of the second pressure cap 638 is larger than the diameter of the fitting connection hole, thereby preventing the pressure member 631 from falling off the guide column 633.

[0064] In some embodiments, the pressure assembly 63 further includes a bushing 634, which is fixed to the pressure member 631 and fitted onto the guide column 633. The bushing 634 can be a self-lubricating bearing. In this embodiment, the bushing 634 is a flanged bushing, with the flange abutting against the upper end face of the pressure member 631. A pre-pressure block 636 is also fitted onto the guide column 633, which is fixed to the upper end face of the pressure member 631 by screws. The flange of the bushing 634 is clamped between the pre-pressure block 636 and the pressure member 631, thus achieving a fixed connection between the bushing 634 and the pressure member 631 and providing pre-tightening force for the elastic reset member 632.

[0065] In some embodiments, the pressure member 631 is formed by one or a combination of sheet metal bending and welding processes, and its interior is hollow; the guide post 633 and the elastic reset member 632 are disposed inside the pressure member 631. Compared to the solid plate structure of the pressure member 631, this embodiment provides installation space for the guide post 633 and the elastic reset member 632, making the structure of the pressure assembly 63 more compact, and also reduces the weight of the pressure member 631.

[0066] In some embodiments, the bottom of the pressing member 631 has a V-shaped structure with the tip pointing downwards. Further, a clearance groove 6311 is provided in the middle of the pressing member 631. The clearance groove 6311 is used to avoid the corresponding drainage plate 51 during the downward movement of the pressing member 631. This allows for simultaneous unloading and pressurization of the filter bags 52 suspended on both sides of the drainage plate 51, and a single unloading action can remove the filter cake from a single drainage plate 51. Of course, the pressing member 631 can also be a split structure, with a gap reserved in the middle of the pressing member 631 for the drainage plate 51 to pass through.

[0067] Continue to refer to Figure 9 In some embodiments, several filter bags are suspended on both sides of each drainage plate 51 along the X direction, and the pressing member 631 located on the same drainage plate 51 is connected to the upper end face of each filter bag. In this embodiment, the pressing member 631 located on the same drainage plate 51 is connected to the upper end face of each filter bag by a tie 637, and the pressing member 631 is provided with a tie connection hole 6312 for the tie 637 to pass through. In other embodiments, the pressing member 631 located on the same drainage plate 51 can also be connected to the upper end face of each filter bag by screws, clips or other connecting parts. Since the pressing member 631 located on the same drainage plate 51 is bolted to the upper end face of each filter bag by the tie 637, after the pressing action is completed, the pressing member 631 will assist the upper end face of the filter bag to return to its original position during the upward movement and reset process, so that the upper end face of the filter bag remains close to a flat state, avoiding uneven loading caused by the upper end faces of the filter bags on both sides of the drainage plate 51 being inconsistent.

[0068] In some embodiments, the lower end face of the pressing member 631 located on the same drainage plate 51 is at a certain distance from the upper end face of each filter bag during the pressing process, so as to avoid the volume of filter cake deformation.

[0069] In some embodiments, the drainage plate assembly 5 further includes a water distributor 54, which is fixed to the top or both sides of the drainage plate 51. The water distributor 54 has one inlet and two outlets. The inlet of the water distributor 54 is fixedly connected to the feed hose, and the two outlets of the water distributor 54 are respectively connected to the feed ports of two filter bags 52 suspended on both sides of the drainage plate 51. The water distributor 54 is used to achieve uniform feeding.

[0070] In some embodiments, the drain plate assembly 5 further includes a filter screen (not shown in the figure). The filter screen is covered on the side of the drain plate 51 that is close to the filter bag 52, and drainage holes are machined on the side of the drain plate 51 that is close to the filter bag 52 to provide drainage channels for the pressure filtration process. The function of the filter screen is to form a porous channel between the drain plate 51 and the filter bag 52, which facilitates the rapid discharge of the filtered liquid.

[0071] In some embodiments, the filter bag 52 is open on both sides and at its lower end along the Y direction, and closed at the upper end. The Y direction is parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the X direction. A U-shaped elastic sealing member 53 is provided on the side of the drain plate 51 close to the filter bag 52. The elastic sealing member 53 is used to press the open edge of the filter bag 52 to form a closed filter chamber. In this embodiment, the filter bag 52 is formed by folding a piece of fabric downwards. To accommodate a filter bag with three open sides, the elastic sealing member 53 has a U-shaped structure, and the upper end of the filter bag 52 is sealed without needing to be sealed. The elastic sealing member 53 is fitted onto the drain plate 51 by a dovetail-shaped protrusion. Alternatively, the elastic sealing member 53 can also be fixed to the drain plate 51 by screws. In practical applications, the number of filter bags 52 between adjacent drainage plates 51 can be adjusted according to actual needs; the spacing between adjacent drainage plates 51 is determined by the thickness of the elastic sealing element 53, and the feed thickness of the slurry can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the elastic sealing element 53 according to the different properties of coal slime.

[0072] Reference Figure 12 In the figure, F1 represents the rebound force of the elastic sealing element 53, F2 represents the resultant force of the oil cylinder pressure during the pressing process, and F' represents the rebound force of the elastic sealing element 53 to the oil cylinder pressure. Each drainage plate 51 is slidably set on the corresponding guide rail on the frame 1. Using the above technical solution, when the oil cylinder presses the drainage plate 51, the elastic sealing elements 53 on the drainage plate 51 first come into contact with each other and produce elastic deformation, so that the open surface of the filter bag 52 is pressed to form a closed filter chamber. In this process, the U-shaped elastic sealing element 53 has a notch at its upper end, and its rebound force will form a resultant force F1 located below the geometric center of the drainage plate 51. The resultant force F2 of the oil cylinder pressure is located on the geometric center line of the drainage plate 51. Thus, F1 and F2 generate a longitudinal distance and form a torque that squeezes the upper end of each drainage plate 51 towards the middle. Under the action of this torque, the drainage plate 51 will be tightly attached to the support surface of the corresponding guide rail (i.e., the upper surface of the guide rail), thereby avoiding the phenomenon of the drainage plate 51 bulging upward.

[0073] Traditional direct-pressure chamber filter presses have annular elastomer structures on the filter plates. The rebound force of these elastomers is aligned with the hydraulic cylinder pressure. Uneven feeding can cause a rise in the reverse force, generating an upward torque on the filter plates and potentially leading to them detaching from the guide rail support. This application avoids this derailment problem by incorporating a U-shaped elastic sealing element 53. Furthermore, compared to traditional four-sided seals, this application reduces the number of elastomers on one side, thereby decreasing wear on the hydraulic cylinder.

[0074] Reference Figure 13In some embodiments, the filter press further includes multiple drainage baffle assemblies 8, which are arranged alternately and side-by-side with multiple drainage plate assemblies 5 along the X direction. A filter bag 52 is disposed between each adjacent drainage plate 51 and drainage baffle assembly 8. The drainage baffle assembly 8 is capable of deformation in the X direction. Since the drainage baffle assembly 8 between adjacent drainage plates 51 and filter bags 52 can deform in the X direction, the drainage baffle assembly 8 can play a certain compensatory role when there is abnormal feeding or individual filter bags 52 are not fully filled, thereby reducing the impact of abnormal feeding on the lifespan of the drainage plate 51.

[0075] Based on the above structure, since the filter bag is formed by folding a single piece of filter cloth in half, it has two layers of filter cloth. These two layers are respectively connected to the adjacent drain plate 51 and drain partition assembly 8. Thus, when the adjacent drain plate 51 and drain partition assembly 8 are pulled apart, the two layers of filter cloth are also pulled apart, making it easier for the filter cake inside the filter bag to fall. The two layers of filter cloth are connected to the adjacent drain plate 51 and drain partition assembly 8 by one or more of the following: straps, screws, or adhesive.

[0076] Furthermore, the drainage baffle assembly 8 includes a flexible drainage baffle, and the side of the drainage baffle closest to the filter bag 52 is also covered with a filter screen. During the pressure filtration process, the drainage plate 51 mainly functions to apply pressure, seal the filter chamber, and drain water, while the drainage baffle mainly functions to drain water. That is, the drainage baffle does not bear the functions of applying pressure and sealing the filter chamber. Its thickness is generally less than that of the drainage plate 51, and its flexible nature also determines its lighter weight. Moreover, it is usually not equipped with an elastic sealing element 53 on top. During the feeding process, the elastic sealing elements 53 on adjacent drainage plates 51 jointly clamp the open side of the filter bag between them, thereby jointly controlling the thickness of the filter chamber during feeding. During the unloading stage, the elastic sealing elements 53 release the pressure on the open side of the filter bag, so that the upper end of the filter chamber is closed, while the other sides are open. Each open side of the filter chamber forms a discharge channel, which facilitates the filter cake to fall from the filter chamber.

[0077] Furthermore, referring to Figure 14 Handles 10 are fixedly provided on both sides of the drainage plate 51 along the Y direction and on both sides of the drainage baffle assembly 8 along the Y direction. Each handle 10 is slidably connected to the frame 1 along the X direction. All handles 10 are of two types: long handles 101 and short handles 102. The pull plate trolley 71 has a hook for hooking and connecting with the long handles 101. That is to say, the drainage plate 51 with long handles 101 and the drainage baffle assembly 8 with long handles 101 can be directly pulled by the pull plate trolley 71, while the drainage plate 51 with short handles 102 and the drainage baffle assembly 8 with short handles 102 cannot be directly pulled by the pull plate trolley 71.

[0078] To limit the movement trajectory of each sliding component, each side beam 11 is fixed with a first guide rail 14, a second guide rail 15, and a third guide rail 16, all extending along the X direction. Each handle 10 is slidably mounted on the first guide rail 14 on the same side via a slider; each pull-plate trolley 71 is slidably mounted on the second guide rail 15 on the same side via a slider; and each upright of the gantry 64 is slidably mounted on the third guide rail 16 on the same side via a slider. Of all the handles 10, the long handle 101 is located on the movement trajectory of the pull-plate trolley 71 on the same side, thus allowing it to be hooked onto the pull-plate trolley 71. The short handle 102 is shorter than the long handle 101 and is offset from the movement trajectory of the pull-plate trolley 71, therefore it will not contact the pull-plate trolley 71.

[0079] Reference Figure 15 Along the X direction, the drainage plate assembly 5 and the drainage baffle assembly 8 are divided into n filter press units, where n ≥ 2. Each filter press unit includes at least one drainage plate assembly 5 and at least one drainage baffle assembly 8. In the filter press unit closest to the thrust plate 32, the thrust plate 32, drainage plate 51, and drainage baffle assembly 8 are connected in series by a chain 9, a flexible rope, or a connecting rod, and the handles 10 within it are all short handles 102. In each of the remaining filter press units, the drainage plate 51 and drainage baffle assembly 8 are connected in series by a chain 9, a flexible rope, or a connecting rod, where the handle 10 closest to the thrust plate 32 is a long handle 101, and the remaining handles 10 are all short handles 102.

[0080] The chain segment between adjacent drainage plates 51 and drainage baffle assemblies 8 has a fixed length. During unloading, each time a drainage plate 51 is moved, the next drainage plate 51 to be unloaded is pulled away by a suitable distance through the fixed-length chain segment between that drainage plate 51, the drainage baffle assembly 8, and the next drainage plate 51. In this embodiment, there is no connection between two adjacent filter press units. In some other embodiments, all drainage plates 51 and all drainage baffle assemblies 8 can also be connected in series by iron chains 9.

[0081] It should be noted that, in terms of their function, both the drainage plate 51 and the drainage baffle belong to the category of filter plates. A filter plate with a long handle 101 can be either a drainage plate 51 or a drainage baffle. Similarly, a filter plate with a short handle 102 can be either a drainage plate 51 or a drainage baffle.

[0082] This application also provides a method for unloading material from the above-mentioned filter press, the method comprising: After the pressing process is completed, the thrust plate 32 retracts to the first initial position, causing the filter press unit closest to the thrust plate 32 to open, and the plate pulling trolley 71 is controlled to open the remaining filter press units in sequence. Driven by the thrust plate 32 or the pull plate trolley 71, each filter press unit moves sequentially along the X direction. The iron chain, flexible rope or connecting rod between the drain plate 51 and the drain baffle assembly 8 in each filter press unit is straightened by the resistance of the frame 1 (specifically the resistance of the first guide rail 14), so that the drain plate 51 and the drain baffle assembly 8 that are attached together are separated by a specified distance. As the plate-pulling trolley 71 pulls apart the next filter press unit that has been joined together, the pressing component 631 in the previously pulled-away filter press unit is controlled to move downwards for unloading.

[0083] Furthermore, from the thrust plate 32 to the pressure plate 22, each filter press unit is sequentially the first filter press unit, the second filter press unit, ... the (n-1)th filter press unit and the nth filter press unit; The unloading method of the filter press includes: S1: After the pressing process is completed, the secondary pressure drive source 31 retracts, driving the thrust plate 32 to move away from the pressing plate 22 to the first initial position. The first filter press unit moves to the designated position under the action of the thrust plate 32. The drainage plate 51 and drainage baffle assembly 8 that are attached together in the first filter press unit are separated by a designated distance during the pulling process of the thrust plate 32.

[0084] S2: Control the pressing components 631 on each drainage plate 51 in the first filter press unit to move downwards for unloading. Specifically, firstly, control the first horizontal drive mechanism 62 to drive the pushing mechanism 61 to move directly above the first filter press unit; secondly, control the longitudinal drive source 611 to drive the lower pressing block 612 downwards. During this process, the lower pressing block 612 pushes all the pressing components 631 in the first filter press unit downwards to apply downward pressure to the filter cakes on both sides of all drainage plates 51 in the first filter press unit; after unloading is completed, control the longitudinal drive source 611 to drive the lower pressing block 612 upwards. At the same time, the pressing components 631 rise and reset under the elastic force of the elastic reset component 632.

[0085] S3: The control trolley 71 pulls the long handle 101 in the second filter press unit towards the thrust plate 32 until the drain plate 51 and the drain baffle assembly 8 in the first filter press unit are pressed together and abut against the thrust plate 32. At this time, the second filter press unit moves to the designated position under the action of the trolley 71. The drain plate 51 and the drain baffle assembly 8 in the second filter press unit, which are pressed together, separate by a designated distance during the pulling process of the trolley 71. After the drain plate 51 and the drain baffle assembly 8 in the first filter press unit are pressed together and abut against the thrust plate 32, the motor current controlling the operation of the trolley 71 is overloaded as the trolley 71 is pulled further. When the current overload reaches the set value, the motor reverses and drives the trolley 71 to change direction.

[0086] S4: Control the pressing parts 631 on each drainage plate 51 in the second filter press unit to move downward to unload material. At the same time, control the pulling plate trolley 71 to change direction and move towards the long handle 101 in the third filter press unit. After the second filter press unit is unloaded, control the pulling plate trolley 71 to pull the long handle 101 in the third filter press unit towards the thrust plate 32 until the second and third filter press units are in contact and the drainage plates 51 and drainage baffle assemblies 8 in the first and second filter press units are in contact with each other. At this time, the third filter press unit moves to the designated position under the pull plate trolley 71. The drainage plates 51 and drainage baffle assemblies 8 in the third filter press unit that are in contact with each other are separated by a designated distance during the pulling process of the pulling plate trolley 71. When the second and third filter press units come into contact and the drainage plates 51 and drainage baffle assemblies 8 in the first and second filter press units are in contact with each other, as the plate pulling trolley 71 is pulled further, the motor current controlling the operation of the plate pulling trolley 71 is overloaded; when the current is overloaded to the set value, the motor runs in reverse, driving the plate pulling trolley 71 to change direction.

[0087] Then repeat step S4 to unload each filter press unit in turn.

[0088] For example, the method further includes step S5: controlling the pressing element 631 on each drainage plate 51 in the third filter press unit to move downward to unload material, while controlling the pulling plate trolley 71 to change direction and move towards the long handle 101 in the fourth filter press unit; after the third filter press unit is unloaded, controlling the pulling plate trolley 71 to pull the long handle 101 in the fourth filter press unit towards the thrust plate 32 until the third and fourth filter press units are in contact and the drainage plates 51 and drainage baffle assemblies 8 in the first, second and third filter press units are in contact with each other. At this time, the fourth filter press unit moves to a designated position under the action of the pulling plate trolley 71, and the drainage plates 51 and drainage baffle assemblies 8 in the fourth filter press unit are separated by a designated distance during the pulling process of the pulling plate trolley 71. After the third and fourth filter press units come into contact and the drainage plates 51 and drainage baffle assemblies 8 in the first, second and third filter press units are in contact with each other, as the plate pulling trolley 71 is pulled further, the motor current controlling the operation of the plate pulling trolley 71 is overloaded; when the current is overloaded to the set value, the motor reverses and drives the plate pulling trolley 71 to change direction.

[0089] In other words, starting from the second filter press unit, the plate pulling trolley 71 and the unloading device 6 operate in parallel. The unloading action of the previous filter press unit is carried out during the process of the plate pulling trolley 71 changing direction and pulling the next filter press unit.

[0090] Compared to existing technologies, the unloading method of the filter press provided in this embodiment has the following advantages: First, the plate-pulling trolley 71 and the unloading device 6 operate in parallel, reducing the unloading time by approximately half compared to existing technologies. Second, unloading is more thorough and efficient. Third, compared to existing unloading methods that pull all the filter plates apart, in this application, only one filter plate in a filter pressing unit is pulled apart at a time during the unloading process, while the filter plates in the remaining filter pressing units remain closed. This significantly reduces the overall length of the filter press, or increases the number of filter plates while keeping the overall length of the filter press constant. Furthermore, it also reduces the extension and retraction stroke of the hydraulic cylinder, improving filtration efficiency. Fourth, each plate-pulling action of the plate-pulling trolley 71 is referenced to the stop plate 32 (in traditional filter presses, the plate-pulling trolley 71 is stopped by a position switch), which can accurately locate the position of each filter plate after it is pulled apart, so that the lower pressure block 612 can be aligned with the filter press unit to be unloaded; at the same time, it can also accurately identify the best reversing time of the plate-pulling trolley 71, and control the unloading time to a minimum.

[0091] In summary, the filter press provided in this embodiment has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) The stroke of the main oil cylinder of the traditional ultra-high pressure filter press is divided according to the needs of the action stage. After the division, it is executed by the main oil cylinder and the auxiliary oil cylinder respectively, thereby reducing the driving stroke, manufacturing cost and volume and weight of the main oil cylinder.

[0092] (2) During the feeding stage, a set amount of slurry is simultaneously injected into each closed filter bag 52 through the feeding branch pipe, which ensures the consistency of feeding and the moisture content of the formed filter cake. This allows most of the pressure of the oil cylinder to act on the filter cake and only a small part to act on the filter plate, thereby reducing the stress on the filter plate and extending the service life of the filter plate. At the same time, the moisture content of the filter cake is lower than that of the traditional ultra-high pressure filter press.

[0093] (3) By using a floating connection structure 23 between the main cylinder and the clamping plate 22, the lateral force of the cylinder rod caused by the cylinder axis deviation is eliminated, and the cylinder life is improved.

[0094] (4) The two actions of pulling the plate and unloading are performed separately and do not affect each other, which improves the unloading efficiency by at least twice that of traditional filter presses. During the unloading process, only the filter plate in one filter press unit is pulled apart at a time, while the filter plates in the other filter press units are pressed together. This can significantly reduce the overall length of the filter press and further reduce the extension and retraction stroke of the oil cylinder, thereby reducing the driving stroke, manufacturing cost, volume and weight of the oil cylinder.

[0095] (5) The filter bag 52 is open on three sides, which makes it easier for the filter cake to fall off and the unloading more thorough. The filter bag 52 is sealed with a U-shaped elastic sealing part 53. The reverse force of the elastic sealing part 53 is located below the geometric center of the filter plate. During pressing, it will generate a torque that presses the upper end of the filter plate down onto the frame 1, so that the filter plate fits the guide rail support, improves the pressing stability, and avoids the phenomenon of the filter plate bulging.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A filter press, characterized in that, include: Rack (1); The main pressure device (2) includes a main pressure drive source (21) and a pressure plate (22), wherein the main pressure drive source (21) is configured to drive the pressure plate (22) to slide along the X direction on the frame (1); The secondary pressure device (3) includes a secondary pressure drive source (31) and a thrust plate (32). The secondary pressure drive source (31) is configured to drive the thrust plate (32) to slide on the frame (1) along the X direction. The thrust plate (32) has a first initial position and a pre-pressed position that moves a first preset distance relative to the first initial position in a direction close to the pressure plate (22). At least one locking device (4) is configured to lock the thrust plate (32) in the preload position; Multiple drainage plate assemblies (5) are arranged side by side between the pressing plate (22) and the thrust plate (32) and are slidably arranged on the frame (1) along the X direction. Each drainage plate assembly (5) includes a drainage plate (51) and a filter bag (52). A plurality of filter bags (52) are arranged between each two adjacent drainage plates (51). Wherein, the X direction is parallel to the horizontal plane.

2. The filter press according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the locking devices (4) includes a first thrust structure (41) fixed to the frame (1), a second thrust structure (42) fixed to the periphery of the thrust plate (32), and a pin plate (43) slidably disposed on the thrust plate (32) or the frame (1), wherein: The first thrust structure (41) and the second thrust structure (42) can interpenetrate each other during the position switching of the thrust plate (32), and a thrust gap (I) is formed between them along the X direction when the thrust plate (32) is in the pre-compression position. The pin plate (43) has a locking position inserted into the thrust gap (I) and a release position removed from the thrust gap (I).

3. The filter press according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pin plate (43) is slidably disposed on the thrust plate (32), and the locking device (4) further includes a pin plate drive source (44) connected between the thrust plate (32) and the pin plate (43), the pin plate drive source (44) being configured to drive the pin plate (43) to switch between the locked position and the released position; and / or, The first thrust-stop structure (41) includes a plurality of first protrusions (411), and the second thrust-stop structure (42) includes a plurality of second protrusions (421). The projections of the plurality of first protrusions (411) and the plurality of second protrusions (421) onto a preset plane are arranged in a comb-like, staggered pattern. The preset plane is perpendicular to the X-direction; and / or, The number of locking devices (4) is two, three or four. At least one of the two opposite sides along the Y direction and the two opposite sides along the Z direction of the thrust plate (32) is provided with a locking device (4). The Y direction is parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the X direction, and the Z direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

4. The filter press according to claim 3, characterized in that, The frame (1) includes two side beams (11) arranged parallel to each other along the Y direction, and a first thrust structure (41) is provided on the side of the two side beams (11) that are close to each other. The thrust plate (32) is disposed between the two side beams (11), and a second thrust structure (42) is disposed on each of the two opposite side walls of the thrust plate (32) along the Y direction. The first thrust structure (41) includes a plurality of first protrusions (411) spaced apart along the Z direction, and the second thrust structure (42) includes a plurality of second protrusions (421) spaced apart along the Z direction. The first protrusions (411) and the second protrusions (421) on the same side are alternately distributed along the Z direction. The thrust plate (32) has a first end face away from the clamping plate (22). On the opposite sides of the first end face along the Y direction, a pin plate (43) is slidably disposed along the Y direction. When in the locked position, the pin plate (43) is positioned between the first protrusion (411) and the second protrusion (421) on the same side.

5. The filter press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The unloading device (6) includes a pushing mechanism (61) and a first horizontal drive mechanism (62), the pushing mechanism (61) being configured to apply downward pressure to the filter cake on both sides of the drainage plate (51), and the first horizontal drive mechanism (62) being configured to drive the pushing mechanism (61) to slide along the X direction on the frame (1); The plate pulling device (7) includes a plate pulling carriage (71) and a second horizontal drive mechanism (72), the second horizontal drive mechanism (72) being configured to drive the plate pulling carriage (71) to slide along the X direction on the frame (1) so that the plate pulling carriage (71) pulls apart the drain plate assembly (5) that is attached together.

6. The filter press according to claim 5, characterized in that, The unloading device (6) also includes a plurality of pressing assemblies (63), which are arranged one-to-one on the top of the plurality of drainage plates (51); Each of the pressing assemblies (63) includes a pressing member (631) slidably disposed on the corresponding drainage plate (51) along the Z direction and an elastic reset member (632) connected between the pressing member (631) and the corresponding drainage plate (51). The lower end of the pressing member (631) faces the filter bags (52) on both sides of the corresponding drainage plate (51), and the Z direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The pushing mechanism (61) is configured to apply downward pressure to a plurality of the pressing members (631) located directly below it, and the elastic reset member (632) is configured to provide an elastic force that drives the pressing members (631) to move upward relative to the corresponding drain plate (51).

7. The filter press according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pushing mechanism (61) further includes a longitudinal drive source (611) and a pressing block (612), wherein: the longitudinal drive source (611) is a piston cylinder that extends and retracts along the Z-direction, and the cylinder body of the piston cylinder is connected to the first horizontal drive mechanism (62) in a transmission manner; the pressing block (612) is disposed at the end of the piston rod of the longitudinal drive source (611), and the pressing block (612) is suspended above the pressing member (631); and / or, Several filter bags (52) are suspended on both sides of each drainage plate (51) along the X direction. The pressing component (631) on the same drainage plate (51) is connected to the upper end face of each filter bag by a tie (217). And / or, the lower end face of the pressing component (631) on the same drainage plate (51) is at a certain distance from the upper end face of each filter bag during the filtration process.

8. The filter press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The filter bag (52) is open on both sides and at its lower end along the Y direction, and closed at its upper end. The Y direction is parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the X direction. A U-shaped elastic sealing member (53) is provided on the side of the drainage plate (51) close to the filter bag (52). The elastic sealing member (53) is used to press the open edge of the filter bag (52) to form a closed filter chamber; and / or, The filter press also includes multiple drainage baffle assemblies (8), which are arranged alternately and side by side with the multiple drainage plate assemblies (5) along the X direction. A filter bag (52) is provided between each adjacent drainage plate (51) and drainage baffle assembly (8). The drainage baffle assembly (8) is capable of deformation in the X direction.

9. The filter press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The main pressure driving source (21) is a hydraulic cylinder that extends and retracts along the X direction, and a connecting structure (23) is provided between the piston rod end of the main pressure driving source (21) and the pressure plate (22). The connection structure (23) includes a connector (231), an adjusting block (232), and a first pressure cap (233), wherein: The connector (231) is fixed to the piston rod end of the main pressure driving source (21), and the end of the connector (231) near the clamping plate (22) is an arc surface; The adjusting block (232) is sandwiched between the arc surface and the pressing plate (22), and has an arc groove adapted to the arc surface. The first pressure cap (233) is fitted onto the connector (231) and fixedly installed on the clamping plate (22), with the periphery of the connector (231) sandwiched between the first pressure cap (233) and the clamping plate (22).

10. The filter press according to claim 9, characterized in that, A sealing ring (234) is provided between the connector (231) and the first pressure cap (233), and an oil inlet is provided on the first pressure cap (233); and / or, The clamping plate (22) is provided with a connecting groove at a position corresponding to each of the connecting structures (23), the adjusting block (232) is placed in the corresponding connecting groove, and there is a movable gap between the adjusting block (232) and the bottom of the corresponding connecting groove; and / or, The adjustment block (232) is made of metallic and / or elastic materials.

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