Full-automatic backwash gravel net type filtering all-in-one machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-automatic backwash gravel net type filtering all-in-one machine, and relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation equipment. Comprising a filtering tank with filtering and accommodating functions, a water inlet main pipe for conveying irrigation water to the filtering tank, a pressure gauge for monitoring pressure change, an air filling mechanism for filling air into water flow, a backwashing water inlet pipe for conveying backwashing water, and a backwashing water outlet pipe for discharging backwashing sewage. Through layered three-dimensional deep filtration of the quartz sand filter material and the magnetite filter material, pollutants such as suspended solids, algae and organic impurities in water are effectively removed, the quality of effluent meets the strict requirements of fine irrigation such as drip irrigation and micro-spray irrigation, and an irrigation head is prevented from being blocked from the source; the equipment is provided with a pressure difference and time double-triggered full-automatic gas-water combined backwashing system, manual disassembly is not needed when the equipment is blocked, the filter material and the supporting frame can be cleaned in a short time, the manual operation and maintenance cost and the labor intensity are greatly reduced, and the continuity of farmland irrigation operation is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural irrigation equipment technology, specifically to a fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of high-standard farmland water-saving precision irrigation, the filtration of irrigation water is a key link in ensuring the stable operation of precision irrigation systems such as drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation. Currently, various agricultural irrigation filtration devices are widely used to intercept and treat impurities from surface water, reclaimed water, and other irrigation water sources. However, in practical applications, these traditional filtration devices suffer from significant technical defects in the cleaning and maintenance of their filter media due to limitations in structural design and control methods. After continuous and prolonged filtration of irrigation water, suspended solids, algae, silt particles, and other pollutants in the water continue to adhere to the filter screen surface and pores, causing gradual clogging of the filter screen. This leads to a significant decrease in filtration efficiency and an increase in the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the equipment.

[0003] Existing technologies for dealing with filter clogging mostly rely on manual disassembly, cleaning, and reinstallation of the internal filters. This process is cumbersome, requiring a lot of manual time and necessitating a complete shutdown of the irrigation filtration system during cleaning, thus interrupting the continuous irrigation process.

[0004] For large-scale irrigation scenarios involving large areas of high-standard farmland, the manual disassembly and cleaning of filters not only increases the equipment's maintenance costs and the intensity of manual labor, but also affects the timeliness and uniformity of farmland irrigation due to the interruption of irrigation operations. This makes it difficult to meet the actual needs of agricultural water-saving precision irrigation for continuous and efficient operations, becoming a major problem restricting the adaptation of existing agricultural irrigation filtration equipment to large-scale farmland irrigation applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine, comprising a filter tank with a filtration and holding function, a top cover sealed on the top of the filter tank, a main water inlet pipe for conveying irrigation water to the filter tank, a mixer for realizing air-water mixing pretreatment, a pressure gauge for monitoring pressure changes, a branch water inlet pipe for diverting water, a three-way valve for switching the direction of water flow, a clean water outlet pipe for discharging filtered clean water, an aeration mechanism for adding air to the water flow, a backwashing inlet pipe for conveying backwashing water, and a backwashing outlet pipe for discharging backwashing wastewater; The filter tank has an internal cavity for accommodating filter media and water flow. The cavity is equipped with a support frame that supports the filter media and enables secondary mesh filtration. The bottom of the filter tank has a drain outlet that connects to the water flow. The gas filling mechanism includes a gas filler that provides a gas source, a reversing valve that switches the gas path, a first gas pipe that supplies gas to the mixer, and a second gas pipe that supplies gas to the backwash water inlet pipe. The composite filter media layer enables three-dimensional deep filtration of irrigation water. Combined with the air-water backwashing system triggered by both pressure difference and time, it achieves fully automatic cleaning of the filter media and support frame, ensuring the continuity of irrigation water filtration operations. The cavity of the filter tank is filled with a composite filter media system, which includes an upper layer of quartz sand filter media and a lower layer of magnetite filter media. The magnetite filter media is evenly distributed inside the support frame. The quartz sand filter media layer and the magnetite filter media layer form a gradient pore structure, realizing dual filtration of irrigation water by intercepting both the surface and deep layers. The filter media particle size of the quartz sand filter media layer is 0.8-1.2mm, and the filling height is 800mm; the filter media particle size of the magnetite filter media layer is 0.3-0.6mm, and the filling height is 400mm. The support frame is provided with filter holes. The support frame acts as a mesh filter unit to perform secondary interception of the tiny particles remaining after sand and gravel filtration. The filter tank is equipped with an exhaust pipe that automatically removes accumulated air inside to prevent air resistance from affecting the uniformity of water flow. The mixer and the aeration mechanism together constitute the air-water mixing pretreatment unit. The aeration machine injects a small amount of air into the irrigation water flowing through the mixer through the first air pipe, so that the air and water flow are fully mixed to form tiny bubbles. The bubbles react with organic impurities in the water to destroy their colloidal structure. The gas filling mechanism works in conjunction with the backwash water inlet pipe to achieve combined gas and water backwashing. The gas filling machine injects gas into the bottom of the filter tank through the reversing valve and the second gas pipe. After the gas is regulated by the three-way valve, it enters the filter tank through the backwash water inlet pipe and the drain outlet, forming a gas lifting and disturbance effect on the filter material layer. The pressure gauge monitors the pressure changes between the inlet and outlet of the filter tank in real time. When the pressure difference of the filter section is detected to be ≥0.05MPa, the pressure difference sensing system automatically sends a signal to trigger the backwashing program. It also includes a time controller, which can preset the backwashing cycle to 12-24 hours. The backwashing program is automatically triggered when the time is reached. The backwash inlet pipe is connected to an external backwash water pump, which provides a reverse high-pressure water flow at a rate of 12-15 L / s. The flushing intensity of m² flows in reverse from the bottom of the filter tank, forming a gas-water mixture with the gas injected by the aeration mechanism, which cleans the filter media and support frame by reverse flushing. The filter tank is designed to have a filtration speed of 8-10 m / h and a working pressure controlled within the range of 0.15-0.35 MPa. The backwash outlet pipe discharges the wastewater containing impurities after backwashing to the sedimentation tank. After sedimentation, the wastewater can be returned to the integrated machine for filtration and reuse. The filter canister is fixed with legs at the four corners of its bottom for support.

[0007] In summary, the present invention has the following main beneficial effects: 1. This invention utilizes layered, three-dimensional deep filtration with quartz sand and magnetite filter media to effectively remove suspended solids, algae, organic impurities, and other pollutants from water. The effluent quality meets the stringent requirements of precision irrigation such as drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation, preventing irrigation head clogging at the source. The equipment is equipped with a fully automatic air-water combined backwashing system triggered by both differential pressure and time. In case of clogging, manual disassembly is not required, and the filter media and support frame can be cleaned in a short time, significantly reducing manual maintenance costs and labor intensity, and ensuring the continuity of farmland irrigation operations. 2. The backwash water source of this invention can also be recycled and reused. Combined with efficient filtration and backwashing design, it realizes the conservation and utilization of water resources. At the same time, the equipment has a high degree of integration, supports single tank or multi-tank parallel configuration, adapts to the irrigation needs of farmland of different scales, and has stable operating pressure and simple maintenance and operation. It can significantly improve agricultural irrigation efficiency, reduce irrigation head blockage rate, and provide reliable water quality treatment guarantee for water-saving and precision irrigation of high-standard farmland. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a first-view structural diagram of the entire invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the filter tank of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention from a second perspective; Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional enlarged view of the present invention.

[0009] In the diagram: 1. Filter tank; 101. Cavity; 102. Support frame; 103. Drain outlet; 2. Top cover; 3. Main water inlet pipe; 4. Mixer; 5. Pressure gauge; 6. Branch water inlet pipe; 7. Three-way valve; 8. Clean water discharge pipe; 9. Gas filling mechanism; 901. Gas dispenser; 902. Reversing valve; 903. First gas pipe; 904. Second gas pipe; 10. Backwash inlet pipe; 11. Backwash outlet pipe; 12. Support leg. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0011] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described.

[0012] Example 1 like Figure 1-5 As shown in the figure, this embodiment discloses a fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine, which is suitable for the filtration and treatment of impurities in irrigation water sources such as surface water and reclaimed water in the high-standard agricultural farmland water-saving precision irrigation scenario. It can realize the efficient deep filtration of irrigation water and the fully automatic backwashing and cleaning of the filter carrier, ensuring the continuity of irrigation operations. The fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine includes a filter tank 1, a top cover 2, a main water inlet pipe 3, a mixer 4, a pressure gauge 5, a branch water inlet pipe 6, a three-way valve 7, a clean water discharge pipe 8, an air supply mechanism 9, a backwashing water inlet pipe 10, a backwashing water outlet pipe 11, and support legs 12. The filter tank 1 has an internal cavity 101, and a support frame 102 is installed inside the cavity 101. The bottom of the filter tank 1 has a drain outlet 103. The gas filling mechanism 9 consists of a gas filler 901, a reversing valve 902, a first gas pipe 903, and a second gas pipe 904. The support legs 12 are fixed at the four corners of the bottom of the filter tank 1 to provide stable support for the filter tank 1. The top cover 2 is sealed on the top of the filter tank 1 to seal and protect the cavity of the filter tank 1. The cavity 101 of the filter tank 1 is filled with a composite filter media system, which includes an upper quartz sand filter media layer and a lower magnetite filter media layer. The magnetite filter media is evenly distributed inside the support frame 102. The quartz sand filter media layer and the magnetite filter media layer form a gradient pore structure. The support frame 102 is provided with filter holes. The support frame 102 serves as a mesh filter unit and works with the composite filter media system to achieve double-layer filtration. The filter tank 1 is also equipped with an exhaust duct, which can automatically remove the air accumulated inside the filter tank 1 to avoid air resistance affecting the uniformity of water flow. The main inlet pipe 3 and the branch inlet pipe 6 are connected in sequence to deliver irrigation water to the filter tank 1. The mixer 4 is installed in the inlet pipe and together with the aeration mechanism 9, it forms a gas-water mixing pretreatment unit. The pressure gauge 5 is installed at the inlet and outlet pipes of the equipment to monitor the pressure changes at the inlet and outlet of the filter tank 1 in real time. The three-way valve 7 is connected to the drain outlet 103, the clean water discharge pipe 8, and the backwash inlet pipe 10 respectively to switch the water flow direction between the filtered water and the backwash inlet. The backwash outlet pipe 11 is connected to the upper part of the filter tank 1 to discharge the wastewater containing impurities during the backwashing process. The first air pipe 903 of the aeration mechanism 9 is connected to the mixer 4, and the second air pipe 904 is connected to the backwash inlet pipe 10. The reversing valve 902 is used to switch the gas output path of the aeration machine 901.

[0013] The working principle of this invention is as follows: In use, a composite filter media system consisting of a homogeneous quartz sand filter media layer and a magnetite filter media layer is filled into the filter tank 1. The upper layer is quartz sand filter media with a particle size of 0.8-1.2 mm and a filling height of 800 mm, and the lower layer is magnetite filter media with a particle size of 0.3-0.6 mm and a filling height of 400 mm. The two layers of filter media form a filter media structure with gradient pores. The magnetite filter media is evenly distributed inside multiple support frames 102. When irrigation water flows through the filter media layer, pollutants are removed through a dual effect of surface and deep interception: most of the larger silt, algae, and suspended particles are intercepted on the surface of the quartz sand filter media, forming a filter membrane layer to further enhance the filtration effect; while fine organic impurities and microparticles enter the interior of the quartz sand and magnetite filter media with the water flow, and are deeply intercepted through adsorption, bridging, and sieving between the filter media particles, achieving three-dimensional deep purification of irrigation water. This filter media system is suitable for surface water with high organic content, and can effectively reduce the turbidity and suspended solids concentration of the influent, providing a pretreatment guarantee for subsequent fine filtration. The mesh filter unit is a support frame 102, which has filter holes. Combined with the filtration effect of magnetite filter media, it can effectively intercept the tiny particles that remain after sand and gravel filtration, making up for the inadequacy of sand and gravel filtration in removing ultrafine impurities. This ensures that the water quality meets the stringent requirements of the irrigation system and prevents drip irrigation heads and micro-sprinkler heads from becoming clogged and malfunctioning due to tiny impurities. The filtration system is designed for a filtration speed of 8-10 m / h, with the working pressure controlled within the range of 0.15-0.35 MPa. Pressure gauge 5 monitors the pressure changes at the inlet and outlet in real time to ensure that the water flows evenly through the filter media layer and mesh filter unit at a stable flow rate. This avoids the filter media layer being disturbed and the trapped pollutants falling off due to excessive flow rate, or the filtration efficiency being low due to excessive flow rate. At the same time, filter tank 1 is equipped with an exhaust duct, which can automatically remove the air accumulated in filter tank 1 to prevent air resistance from disrupting the uniformity of water flow and to ensure the continuity and stability of the filtration process. To improve filtration efficiency and enhance the removal of organic impurities, this invention incorporates an air-water mixing pretreatment unit at the water inlet, consisting of a mixer 4 and an aeration mechanism 9. Its working principle is as follows: when irrigation water flows through the mixer 4, the aeration unit 901 injects a small amount of air into the water flow through the first air pipe 903, allowing the air and water to mix thoroughly to form tiny bubbles. These bubbles react with organic impurities in the water, disrupting the colloidal structure of the organic impurities and reducing their viscosity and adsorption. This reduces the probability of organic impurities adhering to and caking on the filter media and filter screen, while also making it easier for the filter media to trap the organic impurities, thus improving the filtration system's ability to remove organic pollution and extending the cleaning cycle of the filter media and filter screen. After filtration, the water enters the three-way valve 7 through the drain outlet 103, and then the filtered water is discharged through the clean water discharge pipe 8 via the three-way valve 7 for use as irrigation water. When the amount of pollutants trapped by the filter media and support frame 102 reaches a certain level, it will cause the filter channel to narrow, resulting in an increase in the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the equipment. When the pressure gauge 5 detects a pressure difference of ≥0.05MPa in the filter section, the pressure difference sensing system will automatically send a signal to trigger the backwashing procedure. The backwashing cycle can also be preset to 12-24 hours according to the water quality characteristics of agricultural irrigation water sources. When the time controller reaches the set time, the backwashing program will be triggered regardless of whether the pressure difference reaches the threshold, so as to achieve preventive cleaning and avoid the filter media layer from becoming caked and failing due to long-term lack of cleaning. Backwashing employs a combined air-flushing loosening and water-flushing sewage discharge mode. Utilizing the disturbance of air and the reverse flushing effect of water flow, it achieves highly efficient cleaning of the filter media layer and support frame 102. This differs from the inefficient cleaning method of water flushing alone. Its principle is as follows: Air is injected into the bottom of the filter tank 1 at a certain pressure through the cooperation of the air dispenser 901, the reversing valve 902, and the second air pipe 904. After the gas is regulated by the three-way valve 7, it enters the bottom of the filter tank 1 through the backwash water inlet pipe 10 and the drain outlet 103. It forms a strong air lift and disturbance in the filter media layer, which separates the pollutants attached to the surface of the filter media particles and the pores of the support frame 102 from the filter media and the support frame 102. At the same time, it loosens the hardened filter media layer and restores the pore structure between the filter media particles. An external backwash pump provides a reverse high-pressure water flow at 12-15 L / s. The backwash intensity of m² flows back from the bottom of the filter tank 1. At this time, the backwash water source enters the filter tank 1 through the backwash inlet pipe 10 and the three-way valve 7, forming an air-water mixture with the air. The mixture flows rapidly in the filter media layer and the support frame 102, carrying away the pollutants loosened by the air, thus achieving sewage discharge and cleaning. During backwashing, wastewater containing impurities will be discharged from filter tank 1 through backwash outlet pipe 11 and eventually flow to sedimentation tank, where it will be filtered and reused after sedimentation.

[0014] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, these specific embodiments are merely explanations of the invention and are not intended to limit it. The specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications, substitutions, and variations to the embodiments as needed without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, but such modifications, substitutions, and variations are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine, characterized in that, Includes a filter tank (1) with a filtration capacity, a top cover (2) covering the top of the filter tank (1), a main inlet pipe (3) for supplying irrigation water to the filter tank (1), a mixer (4) for pretreatment of air-water mixing, a pressure gauge (5) for monitoring pressure changes, a branch pipe for diverting water (6), a three-way valve (7) for switching the direction of water flow, a clean water discharge pipe (8) for discharging filtered clean water, an aeration mechanism (9) for adding air to the water flow, a backwash inlet pipe (10) for supplying backwash water, and a backwash outlet pipe (11) for discharging backwash wastewater. The filter tank (1) has a cavity (101) inside to accommodate filter media and water flow. The cavity (101) is provided with a support frame (102) that carries the filter media and realizes mesh secondary filtration. The bottom of the filter tank (1) has a drain outlet (103) that connects to the water flow. The gas filling mechanism (9) includes a gas filler (901) that provides a gas source, a reversing valve (902) that switches the gas passage, a first gas pipe (903) that supplies gas to the mixer (4), and a second gas pipe (904) that supplies gas to the backwash water inlet pipe (10). The composite filter media layer enables three-dimensional deep filtration of irrigation water. Combined with the air-water backwashing system triggered by both pressure difference and time, the filter media and support frame (102) are automatically cleaned, ensuring the continuity of irrigation water filtration operations.

2. The fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity (101) of the filter tank (1) is filled with a composite filter media system, which includes an upper quartz sand filter media layer and a lower magnetite filter media layer. The magnetite filter media is evenly distributed inside the support frame (102), and the quartz sand filter media layer and the magnetite filter media layer form a gradient pore structure, realizing dual filtration of surface interception and deep interception of irrigation water.

3. The fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The quartz sand filter media layer has a filter media particle size of 0.8-1.2 mm and a filling height of 800 mm; the magnetite filter media layer has a filter media particle size of 0.3-0.6 mm and a filling height of 400 mm.

4. The fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame (102) is provided with filter holes. The support frame (102) serves as a mesh filter unit to perform secondary interception of the tiny particles remaining after sand and gravel filtration. The filter tank (1) is equipped with an exhaust pipe that automatically removes the internal accumulated air to prevent air resistance from affecting the uniformity of water flow.

5. The fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixer (4) and the aeration mechanism (9) together constitute an air-water mixing pretreatment unit. The aeration machine (901) injects a small amount of air into the irrigation water flowing through the mixer (4) through the first air pipe (903), so that the air and water flow are fully mixed to form tiny bubbles. The bubbles react with organic impurities in the water to destroy their colloidal structure.

6. The fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure gauge (5) monitors the pressure change between the inlet and outlet of the filter tank (1) in real time. When the pressure difference of the filter section is detected to be ≥0.05MPa, the pressure difference sensing system automatically sends a signal to trigger the backwashing program. It also includes a time controller, which can preset a backwashing cycle of 12-24 hours. The backwashing program is automatically triggered after the time is reached.

7. The fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas filling mechanism (9) works in conjunction with the backwash water inlet pipe (10) to achieve combined gas and water backwashing. The gas filling machine (901) injects gas into the bottom of the filter tank (1) through the reversing valve (902) and the second gas pipe (904). After the gas is regulated by the three-way valve (7), it enters the interior of the filter tank (1) through the backwash water inlet pipe (10) and the drain outlet (103), forming a gas lifting and disturbance effect on the filter material layer.

8. The fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The backwash inlet pipe (10) is connected to an external backwash water pump, which provides a reverse high-pressure water flow of 12-15 L / s. The flushing intensity of m² flows in reverse from the bottom of the filter tank (1) and forms a gas-water mixture with the gas injected by the gas filling mechanism (9), which cleans the filter media layer and the support frame (102) by reverse flushing.

9. The fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtration speed of the filter tank (1) is designed to be 8-10 m / h, and the working pressure is controlled within the range of 0.15-0.35 MPa. The backwash outlet pipe (11) discharges the wastewater containing impurities after backwashing to the sedimentation tank. After sedimentation, the wastewater can be returned to the integrated machine for filtration and reuse.

10. The fully automatic backwashing sand and gravel mesh filter integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the four corners of the bottom of the filter tank (1) is fixed with a support leg (12) to support the filter tank (1).

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