In-dam traffic structure suitable for high concrete dam in narrow river valley

Abstract

The invention discloses an in-dam traffic structure suitable for a narrow river valley high concrete dam, a plurality of horizontal corridors are arranged in a dam body of the high concrete dam from bottom to top, a sectional elevator is arranged on the downstream side of each horizontal corridor, and at least two sections of vertical elevators are arranged on the elevation of the dam body of each sectional elevator. The vertical elevators are distributed at intervals along the axis of the dam, each vertical elevator is communicated with the corresponding horizontal corridor through the traffic corridor, and the lower vertical elevator is communicated with the adjacent upper vertical elevator through the same horizontal corridor. By arranging the sectional elevator penetrating through the full elevation of the dam body, an orifice runner of a riverbed dam section is avoided, structural safety and stable operation of the dam can be guaranteed, and the all-weather passing requirement can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic and hydropower engineering structure design technology, and in particular to an internal traffic structure suitable for high concrete dams in narrow river valleys. Background Technology

[0002] High concrete dams (over 100 meters in height) typically include facilities such as inspection corridors, monitoring corridors, drainage corridors, gate hoisting rooms, and sump pump rooms. To facilitate daily maintenance, inspections, dam monitoring, and equipment transportation for operation and management personnel, elevators are often installed within the dam structure. Elevators not only meet the needs of daily passage and equipment transportation but also serve as safe passageways for rapid on-site emergency response and personnel evacuation in case of unforeseen circumstances. Therefore, the installation of elevators is essential for ensuring the long-term safe, efficient, and convenient operation of the dam.

[0003] In the riverbed section of high concrete dams, surface, intermediate, or deep holes and bottom holes are also arranged for flood discharge, sediment discharge, venting, or construction diversion. Due to the influence of the above-mentioned orifice channels, elevator shafts cannot be directly arranged from the dam crest to the foundation gallery within a single dam section. The existing practices are usually as follows: First, the concrete elevator shafts on the dam slope section are combined with the bottom bedrock trenches, which requires secondary excavation of the bedrock shafts in the dam foundation. This is difficult to construct, directly damages the foundation surface, and is prone to incoordination between the concrete shafts and the bedrock shafts. In addition, the bedrock shaft walls are prone to dampness and seepage, which has an adverse effect on the operation of the elevator shafts. Second, the elevator shafts are arranged on the downstream side of the dam body in the riverbed section and protrude beyond the dam outline as cantilever structures. This involves a large amount of concrete work for the shafts and is easily affected by vibration and water atomization when flood discharge occurs at the downstream orifice, which is not conducive to ventilation of the gallery inside the dam and emergency escape needs.

[0004] It is evident that developing an elevator structure that is convenient to construct and safe and reliable is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides an internal traffic structure suitable for high concrete dams in narrow river valleys, specifically employing the following technical solutions: The present invention describes an internal traffic structure suitable for high concrete dams in narrow river valleys. The high concrete dam contains multiple horizontal corridors arranged from bottom to top. A segmented elevator is installed on the downstream side of each horizontal corridor. Each segmented elevator has at least two vertical elevator sections at the dam's elevation. These vertical elevators are spaced apart along the dam's axis. Each vertical elevator is connected to its corresponding horizontal corridor via a traffic corridor, and the lower vertical elevator is connected to the adjacent upper vertical elevator via the same horizontal corridor.

[0006] Preferably, the segmented elevator is located on one side of the dam body, outside the orifice channels of the bank slope section and riverbed section adjacent to the dam control building. Alternatively, the segmented elevator is located inside the dam body, bypassing the orifice channels and distributed on the side of the dam control building with convenient access, ensuring convenient access while avoiding any impact on the stability of the foundation surface.

[0007] Preferably, the orifice channel includes a group of surface orifices, intermediate orifices, deep orifices, bottom orifices, and guide orifices, which are arranged in layers and located between horizontal corridors. The orifice channel is used to coordinate with dam operations, and its specific location is determined according to the river environment and operational requirements.

[0008] Preferably, the vertical elevator consists of two sections. The lower vertical elevator extends from the horizontal gallery at the bottom of the dam to the horizontal gallery below the bottom opening, while the upper vertical elevator extends from the horizontal gallery below the bottom opening to the top of the dam. The lower vertical elevator is located outside the guide hole, and the upper vertical elevator is located outside the bottom opening. Using a two-section elevator design allows for full utilization of the area outside the orifice channel for construction while avoiding the increased construction costs caused by too many sections.

[0009] Preferably, each of the vertical elevators has an elevator machine room at its top, including a top elevator machine room located on the dam crest and other elevator machine rooms located inside the dam body. When designing the aforementioned elevator machine rooms inside the dam, the safe distance between the top of the machine room and the adjacent orifice flow channel should be considered.

[0010] Preferably, when the high concrete dam is an arch dam, the top elevator machine room is located on the upstream side of the dam crest; when the high concrete dam is a gravity dam, the top elevator machine room is located on the downstream side of the dam crest. For the former, concrete pouring should be carried out locally after the water level has risen above the reservoir's storage level.

[0011] Preferably, on the opposite side of the dam body from the segmented elevator, there is a ramp corridor located within the dam body or a pedestrian passage located on the downstream dam face. The ramp corridor and pedestrian passage can serve as backup options for the segmented elevator, ensuring smooth traffic flow within the dam body in the event of a malfunction of the segmented elevator.

[0012] The present invention provides an internal traffic structure suitable for high concrete dams in narrow river valleys. By setting up segmented elevators that run through the entire elevation of the dam body, it avoids the orifice channels of the riverbed dam section, which can ensure structural safety and stable operation of the dam, and meet the all-weather traffic needs.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are specifically reflected in the following aspects: 1) Flexible avoidance of orifice openings, overcoming layout bottlenecks: This invention adopts a segmented elevator structure, dividing the elevator shaft into multiple independent sections, which are respectively arranged in the solid concrete area between the orifice channels of each layer of the riverbed dam section. This design effectively avoids the penetrating obstruction of vertical space by surface orifices, intermediate orifices, etc., eliminating the need to transfer the entire elevator to the bank slope dam section for deep trench excavation as required by existing technologies, and also eliminating the need to set up a large-volume cantilever structure on the downstream side, thus solving the spatial conflict between orifice layout and vertical transportation at the source.

[0014] 2) Constructing a stable transportation network by utilizing horizontal corridors: By connecting the elevator sections with horizontal corridors, the original corridor system of the dam is fully utilized. This "vertical segmentation and horizontal connection" model not only avoids the cross-interference between elevator shafts and flood discharge channels, but also allows elevators to smoothly access the grouting, drainage, and monitoring corridors on each floor, forming a three-dimensional transportation network covering the entire dam height and improving the convenience of operation and management.

[0015] 3) Improved operating environment and ensured structural safety: Since the elevator shaft is completely built-in and avoids the downstream face, the problems of existing cantilever schemes being affected by flood discharge vibration and atomization are completely solved, ensuring the stability of elevator operation. At the same time, this scheme does not require large-scale rock trench excavation at the dam foundation, avoiding damage to the foundation surface, maintaining the integrity and seepage prevention stability of the dam foundation, and eliminating the hidden danger of shaft deformation caused by the incoordination of concrete and bedrock deformation.

[0016] 4) Enhance emergency response capabilities and improve disaster prevention: The combination of segmented elevators and horizontal corridor systems forms a multi-exit, multi-path three-dimensional evacuation network. In emergencies, people can quickly switch to different elevator sections or safe areas through the horizontal corridors, significantly improving escape efficiency and safety compared to traditional single vertical shaft passages. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention (the central hole is not marked in the figure).

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a vertical elevator in the middle. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes are given. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0020] like Figure 1 , 2As shown, a high concrete dam in a narrow river valley consists of 21 dam sections. The riverbed dam sections are sections 8 to 13, which are equipped with spillway channels. Both sides of the dam are bank slope sections. The right bank has a wider abutment platform, which is more suitable for locating the dam crest control tower and has much better access conditions than the left bank. Therefore, the right bank is designated as the dam elevator bank.

[0021] The dam body contains four horizontal galleries, named from top to bottom as Inspection Gallery 11, Inspection Gallery 22, Inspection Gallery 33, and Foundation Gallery 14. In the riverbed section, the surface borehole 21 is located within the concrete structure above Inspection Gallery 11, the deep borehole 22 and the bottom borehole 23 are located within the concrete structure between Inspection Gallery 11 and Inspection Gallery 22, and the diversion borehole 24 is located within the concrete structure between Inspection Gallery 33 and Foundation Gallery 14.

[0022] The elevators are segmented elevators, including a lower vertical elevator (i.e., elevator #1 31) and an upper vertical elevator (i.e., elevator #2 32) installed at the dam elevation. Elevators #1 31 and #2 32 are distributed at intervals along the dam axis. Both the upper and lower ends of elevators #1 31 and #2 32 are connected to corresponding horizontal corridors via traffic corridors, and elevators #1 31 and #2 32 are connected by the same horizontal corridor.

[0023] Specifically, the operating elevation of elevator #1 (31) is between the foundation gallery 14 and inspection gallery #2 (12), located below the deep hole 22 of dam section #12, with the guide hole 24 of dam section #11 to its left and the bottom hole 23 of dam section #13 to its right. Clearly, elevator #1 (31) cleverly avoids the flow channel at the hole opening and is entirely installed within the dam's concrete structure. Elevator #2 (32) operates between inspection gallery #2 (12) and the dam crest, located to the right of the bottom hole 23 of dam section #13, and is installed within the concrete structure of dam section #14 (i.e., the bank slope dam section). Both elevators #1 (31) and #2 (32) are located downstream of the horizontal corridor. Therefore, the lower part of elevator #1 (31) is connected to the basic corridor 14 via traffic corridor #1 (41), the middle part is connected to inspection corridor #3 (42) via traffic corridor #2 (42), and the upper part is connected to inspection corridor #2 (42) via traffic corridor #3 (43). Similarly, the lower part of elevator #2 (32) is connected to inspection corridor #2 (44), and the upper part is connected to inspection corridor #1 (41) via traffic corridor #5 (45). It can be seen that inspection corridor #2 (42) connects elevators #1 (31) and #2 (32), serving as a transfer corridor between the two elevators.

[0024] The machine room of elevator #1 (31) is located inside the dam body. During construction, attention should be paid to the safe distance between the top of the machine room and the deep hole 22 above. The machine room of elevator #2 (32) is located at the top of the dam body. If the dam body is an arch dam, the elevator shaft of elevator #2 (32) can be arranged in conjunction with the cantilever beam shape, and its top elevator machine room 5 can be arranged on the upstream side of the dam top (see...). Figure 2 The upstream side should be poured with concrete locally after the water level of the reservoir is higher than the reservoir's water level. If the dam is a gravity dam, the elevator machine room 5 at the top of elevator #2 should be located on the downstream side of the dam top, and local concrete pouring will save on the amount of work.

[0025] In addition, a ramp corridor 6 located within the dam body is also constructed on the left bank of the dam (i.e., the opposite side from the segmented elevator). Figure 1 Alternatively, it can be located on the downstream dam face as a backup passage for elevator maintenance or repair.

[0026] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, terms such as "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

Claims

1. A dam-in-dam traffic structure suitable for high concrete dams in narrow river valleys, characterized in that: The high concrete dam has multiple horizontal corridors arranged from bottom to top within its dam body. A segmented elevator is installed on the downstream side of each horizontal corridor. Each segmented elevator has at least two vertical elevators at the dam elevation. The vertical elevators are distributed at intervals along the dam axis. Each vertical elevator is connected to the corresponding horizontal corridor through a traffic corridor. Furthermore, the lower vertical elevator is connected to the adjacent upper vertical elevator through the same horizontal corridor.

2. The internal traffic structure suitable for high concrete dams in narrow river valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: The segmented elevator is located on one side of the dam body, outside the orifice channel of the bank slope dam section and riverbed dam section adjacent to the dam control building.

3. The internal traffic structure suitable for high concrete dams in narrow river valleys according to claim 2, characterized in that: The orifice flow channel includes a group of surface holes, intermediate holes, deep holes, bottom holes and guide holes, which are arranged in layers and located between horizontal corridors.

4. The internal traffic structure suitable for high concrete dams in narrow river valleys according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical elevator consists of two sections. The lower vertical elevator extends from the horizontal corridor at the bottom of the dam to the horizontal corridor below the bottom hole, while the upper vertical elevator extends from the horizontal corridor below the bottom hole to the top of the dam. The lower vertical elevator is located outside the diversion hole, and the upper vertical elevator is located outside the bottom hole.

5. The internal traffic structure suitable for high concrete dams in narrow river valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the vertical elevators has an elevator machine room at its top, including a top elevator machine room located on the top of the dam and other elevator machine rooms located inside the dam body.

6. The internal traffic structure suitable for high concrete dams in narrow river valleys according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the high concrete dam is an arch dam, the top elevator machine room is located on the upstream side of the dam crest; when the high concrete dam is a gravity dam, the top elevator machine room is located on the downstream side of the dam crest.

7. The internal traffic structure suitable for high concrete dams in narrow river valleys according to claim 2, characterized in that: On the opposite side of the dam body from the segmented elevator, there is a ramp corridor located inside the dam body or a pedestrian passage located on the downstream dam face.

Images