Evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tank

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of low temperature, and discloses an evaporation safety assessment method for a liquid hydrogen storage tank, which comprises the following steps of: establishing safety judgment standards from two core dimensions of pressure and temperature, focusing a rate upper limit and a frequency spectrum energy characteristic on the pressure dimension, and considering an amplitude upper limit and evolution coordination on the temperature dimension; furthermore, the characteristic difference of fast pressure transient response and thermal inertia of temperature in the evaporation process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be accurately captured, and the pertinence and comprehensiveness of safety evaluation are improved. Furthermore, through safe judgment logic of two dimensions of pressure and temperature, no omission risk of the evaporation state of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is ensured, and stable operation of the storage system is ensured. Furthermore, through cooperative monitoring and judgment of pressure and temperature indexes, the abnormal evaporation trend caused by the Taxnius oscillation effect can be recognized in the early stage of the self-pressurization stage, sufficient time is reserved for safety intervention such as pressure release valve operation, sudden overpressure release is effectively avoided, and economic losses and potential safety hazards are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cryogenic technology, and more specifically to a method for assessing the evaporation safety of a liquid hydrogen storage tank. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy market, the demand for liquid hydrogen in the civilian sector is increasing, and the corresponding scale of liquid hydrogen storage will continue to expand.

[0003] For the storage system of liquid hydrogen working fluid used in the liquid hydrogen production process, thermal permeation of liquid hydrogen working fluid will cause heat leakage, which will lead to evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen working fluid. The evaporation of low temperature working fluid will cause the storage system of liquid hydrogen working fluid to face the threat of expansion and depressurization and cold loss.

[0004] The actual operation of a liquid hydrogen working fluid storage system can generally be divided into several main process stages: self-pressurization, circulation depressurization, and replenishment. The first process stage, self-pressurization, occurs after the cryogenic working fluid has been produced and injected into the storage system. This stage is a spontaneously driven process driven by thermal permeation. It is important to note that the self-pressurization process cannot be allowed to develop unchecked; otherwise, the Takness oscillation effect will be significantly amplified, causing abnormal evaporation in the liquid hydrogen storage system. This could induce sudden overpressure and release of liquid hydrogen products with potential long-term storage needs, resulting in economic losses and reduced benefits.

[0005] Maintaining a liquid hydrogen storage system in a normal evaporation state primarily involves two pathways: ensuring safety in pressure rise parameters and ensuring safety in temperature rise parameters. However, most current technologies are applied to rocket propellant storage and lack the expertise to improve the reliability of evaporation safety assessments for cryogenic working fluid storage in hydrogen liquefaction stations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a method for assessing the evaporation safety of liquid hydrogen storage tanks, thereby addressing the current lack of technology to improve the reliability of evaporation safety assessments for cryogenic working fluid storage in hydrogen liquefaction stations.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for assessing the evaporation safety of a liquid hydrogen storage tank, the method comprising:

[0008] Obtain the inner tank geometric parameter set, the end cap parameter set of the elliptical end caps used in the inner tank, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, end cap parameter set, pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and inherent disturbance frequency, determine the upper limit of the pressure rise rate, the upper limit of the spectral energy intensity, and the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage. Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, end cap parameter set, and pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, determine the upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage. The system calculates the pressure rise rate, temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value, and temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold. Based on the upper limit of the pressure rise rate, the spectral energy intensity value, and the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization, it determines whether the pressure rise process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage is safe. Based on the upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude, the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value, and the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold, it determines whether the temperature rise process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage is safe. When both the pressure rise process and the temperature rise process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage are safe, the evaporation safety of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is determined.

[0009] The evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks provided by this invention integrates multi-dimensional parameters, facilitating a comprehensive assessment of evaporation safety during the self-pressurization stage and avoiding the limitations of single-parameter assessments. Furthermore, it establishes safety judgment criteria from two core dimensions: pressure and temperature. The pressure dimension focuses on the upper limit of the evaporation rate and spectral energy characteristics, while the temperature dimension considers both the upper limit of the amplitude and the coordination of evolution. This allows for accurate capture of the differences in the characteristics of rapid instantaneous pressure response and thermal inertia during the evaporation process of liquid hydrogen storage tanks, improving the relevance and comprehensiveness of the safety assessment. Furthermore, all assessment indicators are derived from specific equipment structural parameters and real-time operating data, avoiding subjective judgment bias and ensuring that the assessment results have clear physical meaning and engineering interpretability. This allows for adaptation to the personalized safety assessment needs of liquid hydrogen storage tanks of different specifications. Finally, the safety judgment logic based on both pressure and temperature dimensions ensures that no risks are overlooked in the evaporation state of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, guaranteeing the stable operation of the storage system. Furthermore, by coordinating the monitoring and assessment of pressure and temperature indicators, abnormal evaporation trends caused by the Takness oscillation effect can be identified early in the self-pressurization stage. This allows sufficient time for safety interventions such as pressure relief valve operation, effectively preventing sudden overpressure releases and reducing economic losses and safety hazards. Therefore, by implementing this invention, through scientific evaluation logic and quantitative indicators, the safety control standards for the self-pressurization stage are standardized, filling the gap in the existing technology for safety assessment of evaporation in civilian liquid hydrogen storage tanks, and improving the reliability of evaporation safety assessment status for cryogenic working fluid storage in hydrogen liquefaction stations to a certain extent.

[0010] In one optional implementation, based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency, the upper limit values ​​of the pressure rise rate, the spectral energy intensity value, and the upper limit values ​​of the spectral energy concentration characterization of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage are determined, including: Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the real-time pressure value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the upper limit of the pressure rise rate is determined; based on the real-time pressure rise rate value and the upper limit of the pressure rise rate of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the upper limit of the concentrated spectral energy characterization is determined; based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the end cap parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency, the spectral energy intensity value is determined.

[0011] The evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks provided by this invention determines the upper limit of the pressure rise rate by combining real-time internal pressure and structural parameters, ensuring that the upper limit value closely matches the actual operating conditions of the equipment and improving the pertinence of the pressure safety assessment. Furthermore, based on the correlation between the real-time pressure rise rate and the upper limit value, the upper limit of the concentrated characterization of spectral energy is determined, achieving dynamic matching between pressure signal characteristics and safety thresholds. Moreover, by fusing multiple parameters to quantify spectral energy intensity, the nonlinear characteristics of the pressure signal can be accurately captured, thereby enabling early warning of abnormal pressure fluctuation risks.

[0012] In one optional implementation, the spectral energy intensity value is determined based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the end cap parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency, including: Based on the inner tank's geometric parameter set and the end cap parameter set, the first characteristic parameter affecting the pressure difference-driven energy growth of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is determined. Based on the first characteristic parameter and the inner tank's geometric parameter set, the pressure difference-driven energy growth rate is determined. Based on the inner tank's geometric parameter set, the end cap parameter set, and the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, the second characteristic parameter affecting the viscous damping growth of the gas inside the inner tank is determined. Based on the second characteristic parameter and the inner tank's geometric parameter set, the energy growth viscous damping rate is determined. Based on the inner tank's geometric parameter set, the end cap parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency, the frequency energy growth nonlinear saturation coefficient is determined. Based on the pressure difference-driven energy growth rate, the energy growth viscous damping rate, and the frequency energy growth nonlinear saturation coefficient, the spectral energy intensity value is determined.

[0013] The evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks provided by this invention quantifies the impact of structural characteristics on pressure difference-driven energy growth, ensuring that the energy growth rate calculation closely matches the hardware characteristics of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Furthermore, by combining viscous damping rate and nonlinear saturation coefficient, it comprehensively considers the inhibitory factors and boundary conditions of energy growth, improving the accuracy of spectral energy intensity calculation. Moreover, by decomposing energy-related parameters step by step, it achieves engineering-level calculability of spectral energy intensity, providing a reliable quantitative basis for pressure safety assessment.

[0014] In one optional implementation, based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, and the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, the upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude, the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value, and the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage are determined, including: Based on the inner tank's geometric parameter set and the head parameter set, the temperature difference values ​​of the top gas phase space and the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank are determined respectively. Based on the inner tank's geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the temperature difference values ​​of the top gas phase space and the bottom liquid phase space, the upper limit value of the temperature rise amplitude and the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value are determined respectively. Based on the inner tank's geometric parameter set and the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold is determined.

[0015] The evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks provided by this invention solves the problem of inaccurate thermal gradient monitoring in cryogenic liquid hydrogen environments by precisely defining the temperature difference between the top gas phase and the bottom liquid phase space. Furthermore, by establishing temperature-related safety indicators based on temperature difference and structural parameters, dual control over the magnitude and coordination of temperature rise is achieved. Moreover, by integrating the internal tank structure and pressure relief valve parameters to determine the temperature evolution coordination threshold, the threshold possesses clear physical meaning and engineering interpretability.

[0016] In one optional implementation, the temperature difference values ​​of the top gas phase space and the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank are determined based on the inner tank geometric parameter set and the head parameter set, including: Acquire multiple internal temperature values ​​of the first inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage, and multiple measured temperature values ​​of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Based on the multiple internal temperature values ​​of the first inner tank, the inner tank geometric parameter set, and the head parameter set, determine multiple first depth values. These multiple first depth values ​​are the depths along the central axis of the inner tank, extending from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank. Based on the multiple measured temperature values, the real-time storage liquid level of the inner tank, and the inner tank geometric parameter set, determine multiple height values. These multiple height values ​​are the depths along the central axis of the inner tank, extending from the liquid phase space at the bottom of the inner tank to the liquid phase space at the top. The height from the contact surface of the gas phase space on the side of the inner tank to the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank; obtaining multiple second inner tank temperature values ​​corresponding to multiple first depth values, and obtaining multiple third inner tank temperature values ​​corresponding to multiple height values; based on the multiple second inner tank temperature values ​​and the multiple third inner tank temperature values, processing them through a first preset filtration standard and a second preset filtration standard respectively, to obtain multiple first target temperature difference values ​​and multiple second target temperature difference values; using the multiple first target temperature difference values, determining the top gas phase space temperature difference value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and using the multiple second target temperature difference values, determining the bottom liquid phase space temperature difference value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0017] The evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks provided by this invention ensures the spatial dimensional integrity of temperature difference calculations by acquiring temperature data from multiple locations and combining it with depth / height calibration. Furthermore, by pre-setting a filtering standard to process temperature difference values, abnormal data interference is eliminated, improving the robustness of the temperature difference calculations. Moreover, by calculating temperature differences separately for the gas and liquid phases, it can accurately match the heat transfer characteristics of different areas of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, laying the foundation for temperature safety assessments.

[0018] In one optional implementation, multiple first depth values ​​are determined based on multiple first inner tank temperature values, an inner tank geometric parameter set, and a head parameter set, including: Based on multiple internal temperature values ​​and internal tank geometric parameter sets, the thermal boundary layer flow regulation coefficient, the effective height of the internal tank gas phase space, the first Rayleigh number, and the thermal boundary layer measurement adaptation coefficient are determined respectively. Based on the thermal boundary layer flow regulation coefficient, the effective height of the internal tank gas phase space, and the first Rayleigh number, the first initial segment measurement depth value conforming to the low-temperature hydrogen thermal boundary layer characteristics of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage is determined. Based on the internal tank geometric parameter set and the effective height of the internal tank gas phase space, the first effective activation number of the first internal tank temperature sensor is determined. The first internal tank temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature difference of the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Based on the end cap parameter set, the first initial segment measurement depth value, the first effective activation number, and the thermal boundary layer measurement adaptation coefficient, multiple first depth values ​​are determined.

[0019] The evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks provided by this invention determines the thermal boundary layer correlation coefficient by fusing temperature data and geometric parameters, ensuring that the initial measurement depth closely matches the characteristics of the low-temperature hydrogen thermal boundary layer. Furthermore, by dynamically determining the number of effectively activated temperature sensors, it balances monitoring accuracy and data redundancy, improving the rationality of depth measurement. Moreover, by collaboratively determining the first depth value using multiple parameters, it ensures the scientific validity of the temperature measurement location and provides accurate spatial coordinates for calculating the temperature difference in the top gas phase space.

[0020] In one optional implementation, multiple height values ​​are determined based on multiple measured temperature values, the real-time storage level of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and a set of geometric parameters of the inner tank, including: Based on multiple measured temperature values, the real-time storage liquid level of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank, the second Rayleigh number, the effective height value and flow regulation coefficient of the transition thermal boundary space between the liquid phase and cryogenic hydrogen in the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the measurement adaptation coefficient of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen are determined respectively. Based on the effective height value, the second Rayleigh number, and the flow regulation coefficient, the second initial measurement height value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank conforming to the characteristics of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen during the self-pressurization stage is determined. Based on the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank and the effective height value, the second effective activation number of the second inner tank temperature sensor is determined. The second inner tank temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature difference of the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Based on the second initial measurement height value, the measurement adaptation coefficient, and the second effective activation number, multiple height values ​​are determined.

[0021] The evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks provided by this invention determines the transition thermal boundary layer parameters by combining real-time liquid level and temperature data, ensuring that the measurement height of the second initial stage closely matches the transition characteristics of liquid hydrogen to cryogenic hydrogen. Furthermore, the number of activated sensors is determined based on the inner tank geometry and effective height, optimizing the liquid phase space temperature monitoring layout. Moreover, by accurately locating the measurement height in the liquid phase space, the problem of accurately capturing the thermal gradient at the liquid-gas interface is solved, improving the calculation accuracy of the temperature difference in the bottom liquid phase space.

[0022] In one optional implementation, based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the temperature difference value of the top gas phase space, and the temperature difference value of the bottom liquid phase space, the upper limit value of the temperature rise amplitude and the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value are determined respectively, including: Based on the inner tank's geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the temperature difference between the top gas phase space and the bottom liquid phase space, the upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude is determined; based on the temperature difference between the top gas phase space and the bottom liquid phase space, multiple robust temperature rise rate estimates at multiple time points are determined; based on the inner tank's geometric parameter set and the head parameter set, the intermediate depth value of the central axis is determined; based on the depth and order of multiple temperature sensors, multiple first weighted values ​​are determined from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank, up to the intermediate depth value. Temperature sensors are installed on the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, at a depth from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank. Based on the temperatures and order of multiple temperature sensors, multiple second weight values ​​are determined from the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom of the inner tank and the gas phase space at the top of the liquid phase to the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the intermediate depth value. Based on multiple robust temperature rise rate estimates, multiple first weight values, and multiple second weight values, temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter values ​​are determined.

[0023] The evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks provided by this invention determines the upper limit of temperature rise amplitude through multi-dimensional parameter collaboration, ensuring that the upper limit takes into account both structural characteristics and actual temperature differences. Furthermore, it calculates a robust temperature rise rate based on time window regression, effectively suppressing signal noise interference and improving the reliability of the temperature rise rate estimation. Furthermore, it allocates weights according to a pseudo-parabolic weighting mechanism, conforming to the axial temperature gradient distribution law, enabling accurate measurement of temperature evolution coordination. Furthermore, by determining weight values ​​by region, it can match the differences in safety importance at different axial locations, thereby improving the specificity of the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameters.

[0024] In one optional implementation, based on the depth and order of multiple temperature sensors, multiple first weighted values ​​are determined at an intermediate depth value, including: Acquire multiple second depth values ​​from multiple temperature sensors; determine multiple adjustment base weight values ​​based on the order of the multiple temperature sensors; determine multiple first weight values ​​based on the multiple second depth values ​​and the multiple adjustment base weight values.

[0025] The evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks provided by this invention determines the basic adjustment weights by combining sensor depth and sequence, ensuring that the first weight value matches the degree of influence of axial position on safety. Furthermore, through depth difference normalization, quantitative calculation of weight allocation is achieved, improving the rationality of the first weight value. Moreover, by accurately matching the temperature transfer characteristics of the top gas phase space, a scientific weighting basis is provided for the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameters.

[0026] In one optional implementation, based on the temperatures and order of multiple temperature sensors, multiple second weighted values ​​are determined at an intermediate depth value, including: (The weighted values ​​are derived from the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the gas phase space at the top of the liquid phase, extending towards the gas phase space at the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank). Multiple temperature values ​​are obtained from multiple temperature sensors; based on the characteristic temperature of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and multiple temperature values, multiple temperature difference contribution weight values ​​for gas-liquid contact surface regions are determined; based on the temperature of the contact surface between the liquid phase space and the outer gas phase space at the bottom of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and multiple temperature values, multiple liquid phase space temperature difference contribution weight values ​​are determined; based on the order of multiple temperature sensors, multiple basic weight values ​​for adjusting the height orientation coefficient are determined; based on the multiple temperature difference contribution weight values ​​for gas-liquid contact surface regions, multiple liquid phase space temperature difference contribution weight values, and multiple basic weight values ​​for adjusting the height orientation coefficient, multiple second weight values ​​are determined.

[0027] The evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks provided by this invention determines the weight of the gas-liquid contact region based on the characteristic temperature of the transition thermal boundary layer, which can closely match the special characteristics of heat transfer at the liquid-gas interface. Furthermore, by combining the temperature difference in the liquid phase space to determine the liquid phase weight, it can match the thermal stability requirements of the liquid phase region. Moreover, by fusing multiple weight parameters and combining sensor sequence adjustment, dynamic optimization of the second weight value is achieved, improving the accuracy of the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the upper limit of the pressure rise rate based on the pressure difference of the inner tank and the initial window period of self-pressurization according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the ratio of the real-time pressure rise rate value to the upper limit of the pressure rise rate value and the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between structural feature parameters and the first influencing feature parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the characterization coefficient and the thermal boundary layer flow adjustment coefficient based on the thermal boundary layer transition region flow according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the highest temperature value among multiple first inner tank temperature values ​​according to an embodiment of the present invention and the effective gas phase space adjustment constant. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the comprehensive characterization coefficient based on the dimensionless slip temperature of the thermal boundary layer and the thermal boundary layer measurement adaptation coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the first relationship between the number of monitoring features of the inner tank temperature field and the nominal number of activated inner tank temperature sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the characteristic temperature of the liquid hydrogen-low cryogenic hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer and the characteristic adjustment constant of the liquid hydrogen-low cryogenic hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the characterization coefficient of the thermal boundary layer transition region flow and the adjustment coefficient of the liquid hydrogen-low temperature hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer flow according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the comprehensive characterization coefficient of the dimensionless slip temperature of the liquid-low temperature hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer and the measurement adaptation coefficient of the liquid-low temperature hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the second relationship between the number of monitoring features of the inner tank temperature field and the nominal number of activated inner tank temperature sensors according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between temperature difference and time window length according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the order of temperature sensors and the adjustment of the basic weight value according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the ratio of temperature value to characteristic temperature and the contribution weight value of temperature difference in the gas-liquid contact surface area according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the temperature measured by the temperature sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, the temperature difference between the contact surface of the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the temperature of the contact surface between the liquid phase space and the outer gas phase space of the liquid phase, and the contribution weight value of the temperature difference in the liquid phase space. Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the order of temperature sensors and the basic weight value for adjusting the height orientation coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It is understood that before using the technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of the present invention, users should be informed of the types, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in the present invention and their authorization should be obtained in accordance with relevant laws and regulations through appropriate means.

[0032] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0033] As an optional application scenario of this invention, the specific application environment architecture or specific hardware architecture on which the evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks depends is described herein. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the architecture system may include at least one terminal device and at least one server. Figure 1 The system is illustrated in the example, which includes a computer 101, a mobile terminal 102, and a server 103, and the terminal devices such as the computer 101 and the mobile terminal 102 are connected to the server 103 through a network 110.

[0034] Specifically, the terminal device can be a smartphone, tablet, laptop, PDA, desktop computer, game console, smart TV, smart wearable device, in-vehicle terminal, VR (Virtual Reality) device, AR (Augmented Reality) device, etc. Server 103 can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster, a distributed system, or a cloud server providing cloud services. Network 110 can be a wired or wireless network, examples of which include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranet, local area network, wide area network, mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0035] Regarding the safety assessment of increased pressure, based on practical commissioning experience, the following findings were made: First, one of the optimized approaches to assessing the safety status of evaporation loss is based on the real-time pressure difference between the rated opening pressure of the pressure relief valve of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the real-time internal pressure of the inner tank. Combined with structural parameters such as different water volumes, inner tank diameters, and total heights, the upper limit of the pressure rise rate based on the pressure difference of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage can be obtained. This can be used as one of the safety assessment indicators for pressure rise.

[0036] Secondly, in addition to assessing the upper limit of the pressure rise rate, attention should also be paid to the fact that the spectral energy intensity of the pressure signal received by the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization phase should also be at a low level, below the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization. This can also be used as one of the safety assessment indicators for pressure rise. The spectral energy intensity of the pressure signal is correlated with the spectral energy growth rate, and the spectral energy growth also has a nonlinear saturation effect; the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization is only related to the ratio of the real-time pressure rise rate to the upper limit of the pressure rise rate.

[0037] Regarding the safety assessment of temperature rise, the following findings were summarized from actual commissioning experience: In addition to achieving global, real-time monitoring of relevant temperature evolution indicators within the liquid hydrogen storage tank (this invention does not involve a description of general monitoring indicators), further customized indicator analysis is needed: First, within a specified short period after the start of the self-pressurization phase, the temperature rise of the liquid hydrogen storage tank should never exceed the upper limit of the temperature rise determined by the temperature difference between the gas phase space at the top of the inner tank and the temperature difference between the liquid phase space at the bottom.

[0038] The above indicators are explained as follows: At the initial stage of self-pressurization, the pressure difference between the inner and outer tanks of the liquid hydrogen storage system is at its maximum. Therefore, the safety limit for temperature rise during the initial stage of self-pressurization is the highest for the entire process of temperature rise in the liquid hydrogen storage system. In the initial stage of self-pressurization, heat leakage causes vapor generated by liquid phase evaporation to enter the gas phase space, resulting in an instantaneous pressure rise. Pressure, as an intensity parameter, has a fast response speed, while temperature rise depends on heat transfer between the working fluid and the inner tank wall, exhibiting a certain thermal inertia lag. Therefore, the pressure signal often responds faster and is more reliable than the temperature signal. If the upper limit of the pressure rise rate guides the initial window period of self-pressurization for a given temperature rise, preventive intervention can be achieved. Furthermore, for the cryogenic liquid hydrogen working fluid studied in this invention, during the self-pressurization process, the gas phase space is at or near the saturation state of the working fluid, and there is a strict correspondence between saturated vapor pressure and saturation temperature.

[0039] Because liquid hydrogen has a very low boiling point, the relatively high ambient temperature outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank creates a significant thermal gradient in the top space of the tank. Therefore, accurately defining the temperature difference in the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is crucial. This invention first defines the distribution of temperature sensor measurement positions in the depth direction from the gas phase space to the liquid phase space based on the heat transfer and flow characteristics of cryogenic hydrogen in the thermal boundary layer at the top of the gas phase space during the self-pressurization stage. Based on this, and combined with differentiated data filtering and judgment operations, a differentiated definition of the temperature difference on the gas phase space side is given.

[0040] Secondly, during the commissioning process, monitoring revealed a significant thermal gradient at the interface between the bottom liquid phase space and the gas phase space from the bottom to the top. Therefore, accurately defining the temperature difference in the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is crucial. This invention, based on the heat transfer and flow characteristics of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen in the gas phase space closest to the liquid phase space during the self-pressurization stage, defines the measurement position distribution of temperature sensors along the height direction from the liquid phase space to the gas phase space. Based on this, and combined with differentiated data filtering and judgment operations, a differentiated definition of the temperature difference on the liquid phase space side is given.

[0041] The temperature difference on the gas phase space side and the temperature difference on the liquid hydrogen space side obtained by the above processing have high accuracy and good stability in monitoring and solving. Therefore, the upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude determined by the temperature difference of the gas phase space at the top and the temperature difference of the liquid phase space at the bottom of the inner tank also has high accuracy and good stability in monitoring and solving. Thus, this invention provides a criterion for the upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude of the inner tank of a liquid hydrogen storage tank with certain practical guiding value.

[0042] Second, during the self-pressurization stage, the temperature evolution coordination requirement in the depth direction from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank must always be met on the central axis of the liquid hydrogen storage tank: the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter ≤ the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold.

[0043] The above indicators are explained as follows: Step 1 is to calculate the robust temperature rise rate estimate based on time window regression. In this step, it is first necessary to obtain the time window length based on the temperature difference between the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and set a reasonable time window length, and then solve for the robust temperature rise rate estimate.

[0044] Step two is based on a "pseudo" parabolic axial weighting mechanism to calculate the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameters from the estimates of each robust temperature rise rate.

[0045] After the pressurization phase begins, the gas source space inside the inner tank is driven by uniform heat leakage. The axial temperature gradient of the gas phase space inside the inner tank should be smooth and continuous, and abnormal heat sources must not appear. Based on actual commissioning experience, it was found that the temperature difference weighting mechanism is a pseudo-parabolic axial temperature distribution, meaning that the contribution of the temperature difference is related to the depth (height) along the central axis. The temperature difference contribution mechanism differs between the upper and lower halves of the central axis in the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Based on the differentiated temperature difference weights obtained from the above temperature difference weighting mechanism, the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameters can be calculated.

[0046] Step three involves comparing the obtained temperature evolution coordination characterization parameters with the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold. If the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameters are less than or equal to the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold, then the evaporation state is safe.

[0047] The temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold is a macroscopic evaporation state safety characterization parameter for liquid hydrogen storage tanks. This parameter is related to the surface area of ​​the inner tank liner, the water volume of the inner tank, and the rated opening and reset pressures of the pressure relief valve. This parameter is comprehensively set by integrating the structural parameters (surface area, water volume) of the inner tank with the performance parameters of the safety devices (pressure relief valve opening / reset pressure), thereby quantifying the macroscopic safety state into a dynamic threshold directly related to specific equipment characteristics. The advantages of this approach are twofold: firstly, it avoids judgment biases that may result from a single indicator, achieving coordinated characterization under the influence of multiple physical fields; secondly, by incorporating structural parameters and safety control parameters into the same evaluation framework, the safety threshold possesses clear physical meaning and engineering interpretability, facilitating dynamic safety assessment and early warning in actual operation by combining real-time monitoring data.

[0048] In summary, the self-pressurization process operation that meets the technical limitations of this invention can, to some extent, improve the reliability of the evaporation safety assessment status of cryogenic working fluid storage in hydrogen liquefaction stations.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of an evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0050] This embodiment provides a method for assessing the evaporation safety of liquid hydrogen storage tanks, which can be used on the aforementioned mobile terminals, such as mobile phones and tablets. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an evaporation safety assessment method for a liquid hydrogen storage tank according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps: Step S201: Obtain the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the set of end cap parameters of the elliptical end cap used in the inner tank, the set of safety control parameters of the pressure relief valve, and the inherent disturbance frequency value.

[0051] In one optional embodiment, the liquid hydrogen storage tank refers to a special pressure vessel for storing liquid hydrogen at a cryogenic temperature of -253°C. It may include a tank (in direct contact with liquid hydrogen), an outer tank (providing structural support and protection), and an insulation layer (reducing heat penetration to maintain the low temperature). It is also equipped with systems such as liquid injection and drainage pipelines, safety relief pipelines, and self-pressurization pipelines, which can achieve long-term or short-term safe storage of liquid hydrogen and avoid overpressure and cold runaway caused by liquid hydrogen evaporation due to heat penetration.

[0052] In an alternative embodiment, the inner tank geometry parameter set may include the inner tank water volume input to the liquid hydrogen storage tank. (m) 3 ), Surface area of ​​the inner tank (m) 2 ), inner tank diameter (m) Total height of inner tank (m). The total height of the inner tank is... This is the total height of the inner tank from the bottom to the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top, used to determine the height of the gas phase space, the depth of the central axis, etc.

[0053] In an optional embodiment, the elliptical end cap used in the inner tank refers to the elliptical closed structure adopted at the top (or bottom) of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Its function is to seal the end of the inner tank, reduce local stress concentration, avoid structural failure caused by low temperature embrittlement or heat penetration, and its structural parameters will directly affect the heat exchange efficiency, pressure distribution and temperature gradient of the inner tank.

[0054] In an alternative embodiment, the head parameter set may include the inner diameter of the elliptical head used in the inner tank of the input liquid hydrogen storage tank. (m), Inner Curve Depth (m) Thickness after forming (m) Height of straight side (m). Wherein, the depth of the inner curved surface... The depth of the inner curved surface of the elliptical head from the edge to the top reflects the curvature characteristics of the head surface and affects the heat transfer efficiency of the thermal boundary layer; the thickness after forming... This refers to the actual wall thickness of the end cap after machining, used to ensure the structural strength of the end cap under low temperature and pressure conditions; straight edge height. This refers to the height of the straight edge section at the connection between the end cap and the inner tank body, used for transitional connection and to reduce stress concentration.

[0055] In an optional embodiment, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set may include the rated opening pressure of the pressure relief valve input to the liquid hydrogen storage tank. (kPa) and rated reset pressure of the pressure relief valve (kPa).

[0056] Among them, the rated opening pressure of the pressure relief valve The pressure relief valve is set at a preset pressure to automatically open and release pressure. When the real-time pressure in the inner tank reaches this value, the pressure relief valve activates to release excess pressure. The pressure relief valve's rated reset pressure is also specified. This is the preset pressure at which the pressure relief valve automatically closes after completing pressure relief. When the pressure in the inner tank drops to this value, the pressure relief valve closes to maintain the normal storage pressure in the inner tank.

[0057] In an alternative embodiment, the inherent perturbation frequency value (Hz) represents the inherent oscillation frequency of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and its internal working fluid under no external excitation, formed by structural characteristics and fluid dynamics, and is used to measure the stability of pressure signals.

[0058] Furthermore, the inherent perturbation frequency value The value reflects the dynamic response characteristics of the inner tank system and is used to calculate the spectral energy intensity of the pressure signal. Specifically, when the pressure signal frequency approaches this value, it is prone to triggering the Takness oscillation effect, leading to abnormal evaporation. Therefore, this parameter is needed to determine whether the spectral energy of the pressure signal is within a safe range.

[0059] Step S202: Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency, determine the upper limit of the pressure rise rate, the spectral energy intensity value, and the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage.

[0060] In one optional embodiment, the self-pressurization stage refers to the process stage in which, after the liquid hydrogen storage tank completes the liquid hydrogen injection, the liquid hydrogen inside the tank slowly evaporates due to heat penetration from the external environment, and the resulting low-temperature hydrogen gas accumulates in the gas phase space, causing the pressure inside the tank to rise spontaneously.

[0061] In an alternative embodiment, the upper limit of the pressure rise rate This indicates the maximum allowable pressure rise rate (unit: kPa / hr) determined based on equipment parameters during the self-pressurization phase, to ensure sufficient safe operating time is reserved before the pressure relief valve triggers the rated opening pressure.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the spectral energy intensity value This indicates the energy distribution intensity of the internal tank pressure signal in the frequency domain during the self-pressurization stage, used to measure the stability of the pressure signal. Essentially, it transforms the time-domain pressure signal into a frequency-domain signal through Fourier transform, and combines fluid dynamic parameters (such as frequency energy growth rate and viscous damping rate) and equipment structural parameters (such as the aspect ratio of the elliptical head and the heat exchange area of ​​the internal tank) to quantify the energy proportion of abnormal frequency components in the pressure signal, which is used to warn of pressure fluctuation risks such as Takness oscillations.

[0063] In an alternative embodiment, the spectral energy concentration characterizes the upper limit. The maximum permissible threshold (in %) of the spectral energy intensity of the pressure signal during the self-pressurization phase is the direct basis for determining whether the pressure signal is within a safe range.

[0064] In one alternative embodiment, by integrating equipment structural parameters, safety control parameters, and dynamic characteristic parameters, it is possible to quantify the upper limit of the pressure rise rate, the spectral energy intensity value, and the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization value related to the pressure during the self-pressurization stage.

[0065] Step S203: Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, and the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, determine the upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude, the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value, and the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage.

[0066] In an optional embodiment, the upper limit of the temperature rise is... This indicates the maximum permissible temperature rise of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the initial window period of the pressurization phase.

[0067] The initial window period of the self-pressurization stage can be determined based on the upper limit of the pressure rise rate.

[0068] Specifically, summarizing practical commissioning experience revealed that the pressure difference between the inner and outer tanks of the liquid hydrogen working fluid storage system is greatest at the initial start of self-pressurization. Therefore, the temperature rise safety limit for the liquid hydrogen working fluid storage system is highest at the initial start of the self-pressurization phase. In the initial stage of self-pressurization, heat leakage causes vapor generated from liquid phase evaporation to enter the gas phase space, resulting in a sudden pressure rise. Pressure, as an intensity parameter, has a fast response speed, while temperature rise depends on heat transfer between the working fluid and the inner tank wall, exhibiting a certain thermal inertia lag. Therefore, the pressure signal often responds faster and is more reliable than the temperature signal. If the upper limit of the pressure rise rate is used to guide the initial self-pressurization window period for a given temperature rise... (s) can achieve preventive intervention; in addition, for the liquid hydrogen cryogenic working fluid studied in this invention, during the self-pressurization process, the gas phase space is in or close to the saturation state of the working fluid, and there is a strict correspondence between the saturated vapor pressure and the saturation temperature.

[0069] In summary, this embodiment selects the upper limit of the pressure rise rate based on the pressure difference of the inner tank. Corresponding to the initial window period of self-pressurization with a given temperature rise ,like Figure 3 As shown.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, the temperature evolution coordinates the characterization parameter values. This index measures the continuity and uniformity of the temperature gradient along the axial depth direction in the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage. It can reflect whether the axial temperature evolution is smooth and continuous and without abnormal heat sources. If the value is too high, it indicates that there is a risk of local overheating.

[0071] In an optional embodiment, temperature evolution coordinates the characterization threshold. This represents the critical value used to determine whether the coordinated state of temperature evolution is safe.

[0072] In one optional embodiment, based on the temperature evolution characteristics driven by thermal permeation during the self-pressurization stage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and taking into account the significant thermal gradient between the gas and liquid phases inside the tank under the cryogenic environment of liquid hydrogen, temperature safety control can be achieved.

[0073] Specifically, by integrating the geometric parameters of the inner tank, the parameters of the elliptical head, and the safety control parameters of the pressure relief valve, a three-dimensional temperature safety assessment system is constructed, consisting of the upper limit of temperature rise amplitude, temperature evolution coordination characterization parameters, and temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold.

[0074] Among them, the upper limit of temperature rise is a hard constraint on the temperature rise during the initial window of self-boosting; the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter accurately captures the uniformity and continuity of temperature distribution in the depth direction of the central axis; and the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold provides a clear safety judgment standard for the coordination state.

[0075] Furthermore, through the synergistic effect of these three elements, a comprehensive and accurate assessment of the temperature rise process during the self-pressurization stage can be achieved, ensuring that the temperature evolution does not exceed the equipment's tolerance range and that there is no risk of local overheating or abnormal thermal gradients, thus providing core temperature-dimensional protection for the evaporation safety of liquid hydrogen storage tanks.

[0076] Step S204: Based on the upper limit of the pressure rise rate, the spectral energy intensity value, and the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization, determine whether the pressure rise process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage is safe.

[0077] In an alternative embodiment, during the self-pressurization phase, the pressure rise rate of the liquid hydrogen storage tank... The pressure rise rate must not exceed the upper limit determined based on the pressure difference in the inner tank. This ensures sufficient safe operating time is allowed before the pressure relief valve reaches its rated opening pressure.

[0078] Furthermore, during the self-pressurization phase, the spectral energy intensity of the pressure signal received by the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank... It is at a low level, below the upper limit of the spectrum energy concentration characterization. (%).

[0079] For example, determining the pressure rise rate of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage. Is it greater than the upper limit of the rate of pressure rise? .

[0080] Furthermore, if the pressure rise rate of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization phase... Less than or equal to the upper limit of the rate of pressure rise This indicates that the rate of pressure increase meets safety requirements.

[0081] Furthermore, if the rate of pressure rise in the liquid hydrogen storage tank exceeds the upper limit of the rate of pressure rise... This indicates that the pressure rise rate has not met the safety operating time requirement for the pressure relief valve to trigger the rated opening pressure. Therefore, the pressure rise process is deemed unsafe, triggering an emergency pressure relief operation—that is, the emergency opening of the pressure relief valve of the liquid hydrogen storage tank—until the actual internal pressure inside the tank reaches zero. Reduced to the rated reset pressure of the pressure relief valve .

[0082] Furthermore, the spectral energy intensity value during the self-boosting stage is determined. Is it less than the upper limit of the concentrated characterization value of the spectrum energy? .

[0083] Furthermore, if the spectral energy intensity value during the self-boosting stage... Less than the upper limit of the concentrated characterization of spectral energy This indicates that there is no risk of Tarkins oscillation and the spectral characteristics meet safety requirements.

[0084] Furthermore, if the spectral energy intensity value Greater than or equal to the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization value If the pressure signal is unstable, it indicates that the pressure rise process is unsafe.

[0085] Furthermore, combining the results of the two judgments above, and only when... and If the condition is met, it indicates that the pressure rise process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization phase is safe. Furthermore, if any one of these conditions is not met, the pressure rise process is deemed unsafe.

[0086] Step S205: Based on the upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude, the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value, and the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold, determine whether the temperature rise process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage is safe.

[0087] In an alternative embodiment, during a specified short period of time after the start of the self-pressurization phase, i.e., the initial window period of temperature rise in the self-pressurization phase. The temperature rise of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (K) should never exceed the upper limit of the temperature rise determined jointly by the temperature difference between the gas phase space at the top of the inner tank and the temperature difference between the liquid phase space at the bottom. (K).

[0088] Furthermore, during the self-pressurization stage, the temperature evolution coordination requirement in the depth direction along the central axis of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank, is always met; that is, the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter. ≤Temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold .

[0089] For example, determining the initial window period of temperature rise during the self-pressurization phase. The temperature rise of the liquid hydrogen storage tank Is it less than the upper limit of the temperature rise range? .

[0090] Furthermore, if the temperature rises during the initial window period of the self-pressurization phase... Inside This indicates that the temperature rise has not exceeded the equipment's tolerance range and meets safety requirements; if the temperature rise occurs during the initial window of the self-pressurization phase... Inside If so, it can be directly determined that the temperature rise process is unsafe.

[0091] Furthermore, determine the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameters during the self-pressurization stage. Is it less than or equal to the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold? .

[0092] Furthermore, if This indicates that the axial temperature gradient is smooth and continuous, with no abnormal heat sources, and the temperature evolution is coordinated and meets safety requirements; if If the temperature distribution uniformity is not up to standard, the temperature rise process is unsafe.

[0093] Furthermore, combining the above two judgments, and only during the initial window of temperature rise in the self-pressurization stage... Inside and At that time, it is determined that the temperature rise process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage is safe. Furthermore, if any one of these conditions is not met, the temperature rise process is deemed unsafe.

[0094] Step S206: If both the pressure rise and temperature rise processes of the liquid hydrogen storage tank are safe during the self-pressurization stage, the evaporation safety of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is determined.

[0095] In one alternative embodiment, the core risk of evaporation anomaly stems from pressure runaway and temperature runaway caused by thermal infiltration. The two are interrelated (e.g., a rapid rise in pressure may be accompanied by an abnormal temperature gradient, and temperature imbalance will exacerbate pressure fluctuations). Safety in only one dimension cannot fully avoid the risks.

[0096] Furthermore, in this embodiment, by comprehensively considering the safety assessment results of the pressure rise process and the temperature rise process, the final safety conclusion of the evaporation state is determined, avoiding the one-sidedness of a single-dimensional assessment. This ensures that the liquid hydrogen storage tank in the self-pressurization stage has neither the risk of pressure runaway nor the risk of abnormal temperature evolution, providing a clear and reliable safety decision-making basis for liquid hydrogen storage in hydrogen energy parks / stations, and guaranteeing the economy and safety of long-term storage of liquid hydrogen products.

[0097] The evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks provided in this embodiment integrates multi-dimensional parameters, facilitating a comprehensive assessment of evaporation safety during the self-pressurization stage and avoiding the limitations of single-parameter assessments. Furthermore, safety judgment criteria are established from two core dimensions: pressure and temperature. The pressure dimension focuses on the upper limit of the evaporation rate and spectral energy characteristics, while the temperature dimension considers both the upper limit of the amplitude and the coordination of evolution. This allows for accurate capture of the differences in the characteristics of rapid instantaneous pressure response and thermal inertia during the evaporation process of liquid hydrogen storage tanks, improving the relevance and comprehensiveness of the safety assessment. Furthermore, all assessment indicators are derived from specific equipment structural parameters and real-time operating data, avoiding subjective judgment bias and ensuring that the assessment results have clear physical meaning and engineering interpretability. This allows for adaptation to the personalized safety assessment needs of liquid hydrogen storage tanks of different specifications. Finally, the judgment logic based on the safety of both pressure and temperature dimensions ensures that no risks are overlooked in the evaporation state of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, guaranteeing the stable operation of the storage system. Furthermore, by coordinating the monitoring and assessment of pressure and temperature indicators, abnormal evaporation trends caused by the Takness oscillation effect can be identified early in the self-pressurization stage. This allows sufficient time for safety interventions such as pressure relief valve operation, effectively preventing sudden overpressure releases and reducing economic losses and safety hazards. Therefore, by implementing this invention, through scientific evaluation logic and quantitative indicators, the safety control standards for the self-pressurization stage are standardized, filling the gap in the existing technology for safety assessment of evaporation in civilian liquid hydrogen storage tanks, and improving the reliability of evaporation safety assessment status for cryogenic working fluid storage in hydrogen liquefaction stations to a certain extent.

[0098] In some optional implementations, step S202 above includes: Step S2021: Determine the upper limit of the pressure rise rate based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the real-time pressure value of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0099] In one alternative embodiment, the self-pressurization phase is a spontaneous and unavoidable process caused by thermal permeation. Based on practical commissioning experience, assuming the liquid hydrogen has not yet been put into production, has not been extracted, and is expected to be stored in the storage system for a long period, the following findings were made: One optimized approach to assessing the evaporation state is based on the rated opening pressure of the pressure relief valve. Real-time internal pressure of the inner tank Real-time differential pressure ( (This value is an absolute value, and negative values ​​are not considered.) Combined with different water volumes Inner tank diameter Total height The empirical data of the inner tank with structural parameters during the actual commissioning process are fitted with the physical property parameters obtained by actual testing to establish a semi-empirical formula, so as to determine the upper limit of the pressure rise rate based on the pressure difference of the inner tank during the self-pressurization stage, i.e., the upper limit of the pressure rise rate, as shown in the following relationship (1): (1) Furthermore, by calculating the upper limit of the pressure rise rate through the above relationship (1), the safety boundary of pressure rise under different working conditions is quantified, ensuring that sufficient operating time is reserved before the pressure relief valve is triggered, and avoiding overpressure release.

[0100] Step S2022: Determine the upper limit of the spectrum energy concentration characterization based on the real-time pressure rise rate value and the upper limit value of the pressure rise rate of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0101] In one alternative embodiment, there is an intrinsic correlation between the rate of pressure rise and the intensity of spectral energy; that is, the closer the rate is to the upper limit, the more easily the spectral energy is concentrated at a specific frequency, thereby triggering the risk of Taknes oscillation.

[0102] Furthermore, combined Figure 4 It can be based on the real-time pressure rise rate of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. and the upper limit of the rate of increase of pressure ratio Determine the upper limit of the concentrated characterization of spectral energy.

[0103] Furthermore, by calculating the upper limit of the concentrated characterization of spectral energy, precise control of the stability of pressure signals can be achieved.

[0104] Step S2023: Determine the spectral energy intensity value based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the end cap parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency.

[0105] Specifically, step S2023 above includes: Step a1: Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set and the head parameter set, determine the first characteristic parameter that influences the structural features of the liquid hydrogen storage tank on the pressure difference-driven energy growth.

[0106] In one optional embodiment, the pressure difference-driven energy growth rate is affected by the tank structure. The heat exchange area of ​​the inner tank determines the heat transfer efficiency, and the aspect ratio of the elliptical head affects the pressure distribution. Together, they determine the driving effect of the structure on energy growth.

[0107] In an optional embodiment, the first influencing feature parameter The most important influencing factors are the heat exchange area of ​​the inner tank and the aspect ratio of the elliptical head used in the inner tank.

[0108] For example, the surface area of ​​the inner tank can be concentrated based on the geometric parameters of the inner tank. and inner tank water volume Calculate the heat exchange specific area of ​​the inner tank .

[0109] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the end cap can be concentrated based on the end cap parameters. Thickness after forming Inner surface depth straight edge height The aspect ratio of the elliptical head used in the inner tank can be calculated as shown in the following formula (2): (2) In the formula: Indicates the aspect ratio.

[0110] Furthermore, the structural characteristic parameters are calculated using the following relation (3). : (3) Furthermore, combined Figure 5 Based on the calculated structural characteristic parameters Determine the first influence characteristic parameter .

[0111] Step a2: Determine the pressure difference-driven energy growth rate based on the first influencing characteristic parameter and the inner tank geometric parameter set.

[0112] In an alternative embodiment, the pressure difference drives the energy growth rate. It is the core source of spectrum energy growth, determined by structural influence parameters, gravitational acceleration, gas phase space height, heat exchange specific area and gas phase average density. It can reflect the driving efficiency of pressure difference on energy growth, as shown in the following relationship (4): (4) In the formula: (m / s) 2 () represents gravitational acceleration; This indicates the actual height (m) of the gas phase space inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Indicates the real-time liquid level (m) inside the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. This indicates the average density of the gas phase space inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (kg / m³). 3 ).

[0113] Step a3: Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, and the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, determine the second characteristic parameter of the structural features of the liquid hydrogen storage tank on the growth of the viscosity damping of the gas inside the inner tank.

[0114] In one alternative embodiment, gas viscosity inhibits energy growth, the aspect ratio of the inner tank section affects the gas-liquid interface constraint, and the aspect ratio of the elliptical head affects the flow field distribution. Together, these factors determine the structure's enhancement effect on viscous damping.

[0115] In an optional embodiment, the second influencing characteristic parameter is related to two inner tank structural parameters that characterize the gas-liquid interface of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank: the aspect ratio of the inner tank cylinder section and the aspect ratio of the elliptical head used in the inner tank. related.

[0116] For example, the aspect ratio can be calculated using the above relationship (2) from the head parameter set. .

[0117] Furthermore, the total height of the inner tank can be simplified based on the geometric parameters of the inner tank. Inner tank diameter and head parameter concentration head inner diameter Thickness after forming Calculate the length-to-diameter ratio of the inner tank section .

[0118] Furthermore, considering the aspect ratio The length-to-diameter ratio of the inner tank section And the centralized safety control parameters of the pressure relief valve, including the rated opening pressure of the pressure relief valve. The influence parameter of the structural features of the liquid hydrogen storage tank on the growth of the viscous damping of the gas inside the tank can be calculated, namely the second influence parameter, as shown in the following relationship (5): (5) In the formula: This represents the second influencing characteristic parameter.

[0119] Step a4: Determine the energy growth viscous damping rate based on the second influencing characteristic parameter and the inner tank geometric parameter set.

[0120] In one alternative embodiment, the viscous damping rate reflects the inhibitory effect of gas viscosity on energy growth and is directly related to structural influence parameters, gas kinematic viscosity, and gas phase space height. The greater the height and the higher the viscosity, the stronger the damping effect.

[0121] In an alternative embodiment, the energy growth viscous damping rate is calculated using the following relationship (6). : (6) In the formula: Indicates the real-time kinematic viscosity (g / s) of the gas inside the hydrogen storage tank. 2 ).

[0122] Step a5: Determine the nonlinear saturation coefficient of frequency energy growth based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency.

[0123] In an alternative embodiment, the frequency energy growth nonlinear saturation coefficient represents the “self-limiting” phenomenon caused by nonlinear effects (such as energy transfer to higher harmonics) when the amplitude of the frequency mode increases.

[0124] For example, the following relationship (7) is first used to calculate the comprehensive efficiency characteristic parameters of the liquid hydrogen storage tank's structural features on the mode switching / dissipation of frequency energy within the inner tank: (7) In the formula: This represents the overall efficiency characteristic parameter.

[0125] Furthermore, the nonlinear saturation coefficient of frequency energy growth is calculated using the following relationship (8). : (8) In the formula: This represents the oscillation amplitude of the mode (in debugging, it is generally recorded as the amplitude of the pressure fluctuation, in Pa).

[0126] Step a6: Determine the spectral energy intensity value based on the pressure difference-driven energy growth rate, the energy growth viscous damping rate, and the frequency energy growth nonlinear saturation coefficient.

[0127] In one optional embodiment, the spectral energy intensity is a comprehensive characterization of the frequency domain energy distribution of the pressure signal. By quantifying the energy contribution of each frequency component through the frequency energy growth rate and the nonlinear saturation coefficient, the stability of the pressure signal can be reflected.

[0128] In an alternative embodiment, the spectral energy intensity value of the pressure signal can be calculated using the following relationship (9). : (9) In the formula: This represents the peak frequency of the signal captured in the spectrum of the pressure signal, i.e., the maximum frequency. This represents the frequency energy growth rate and is a fluid dynamics parameter.

[0129] In some optional implementations, step S203 above includes: Step S2031: Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set and the head parameter set, determine the temperature difference value of the top gas phase space and the temperature difference value of the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, respectively.

[0130] In one alternative embodiment, since the boiling point of the cryogenic working fluid liquid hydrogen is very low, the relatively high ambient temperature outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank will result in a significant thermal gradient in the top space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a definition of the temperature difference of the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank that has practical guiding value, rather than proposing this concept in a general way.

[0131] Specifically, the temperature difference in the top gas phase space This represents the sum of the thermal gradients in the gas phase space (unit: K) obtained by quantifying the temperatures at multiple measurement depths along the central axis of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the top elliptical head to the liquid phase space side, based on the heat transfer and flow characteristics of the low-temperature hydrogen thermal boundary layer, after differential data filtering.

[0132] The relatively high ambient temperature outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank causes continuous heat exchange between the tank and the external environment. During commissioning, monitoring revealed a significant thermal gradient at the interface between the bottom liquid phase space and the gas phase space from the bottom to the top. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a definition of the temperature difference in the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank that has practical guiding value, rather than presenting this concept in a general way.

[0133] Specifically, This represents the sum of the thermal gradients (in K) at multiple measurement heights along the inner axis of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage, from the contact surface between the liquid phase space and the gas phase space at the bottom to the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top. These temperatures are determined based on the characteristics of the liquid hydrogen-low-temperature hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer. After differential data filtering, this is the quantified sum of the thermal gradients at the liquid-gas interface region.

[0134] Specifically, step S2031 includes: Step b1: Obtain multiple first inner tank temperature values ​​of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage, and multiple measured temperature values ​​of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0135] In an optional embodiment, a transition thermal boundary layer is formed between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen. During the self-pressurization stage of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, a thin region with significant thermal gradient and flow transition characteristics is formed at the interface between the liquid phase liquid hydrogen and the gas phase low-temperature hydrogen at the bottom of the inner tank.

[0136] In an optional embodiment, multiple first inner tank temperature values , , ... ... This indicates the temperature at different depths along the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank.

[0137] In one optional embodiment, multiple measured temperature values , , ... ... This indicates the temperature at different heights along the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, from the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom end of the inner tank and the gas phase space on the top side of the liquid phase, to the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank.

[0138] Step b2: Determine multiple first depth values ​​based on multiple first inner tank temperature values, inner tank geometric parameter set, and head parameter set.

[0139] In one alternative embodiment, multiple first depth values , , ... ... The depths are defined on the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, extending from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank.

[0140] Furthermore, step b2 above includes: Step b21: Based on multiple first inner tank temperature values ​​and inner tank geometric parameter sets, determine the thermal boundary layer flow adjustment coefficient, the effective height value of the inner tank gas phase space, the first Rayleigh number, and the thermal boundary layer measurement adaptation coefficient, respectively.

[0141] In an alternative embodiment, combined with Figure 6 Characterization coefficients of flow in the thermal boundary layer transition region can be used. Determine the thermal boundary layer flow moderating coefficient .in, Indicates multiple temperature values ​​inside the first inner tank , , ... ... The lowest value in terms of temperature.

[0142] In an optional embodiment, the liquid level can be monitored in real time within the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. And the geometric parameters of the inner tank, total height of the inner tank Determine the effective height of the inner gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank: .in, This represents the effective gas-phase spatial adjustment constant, which can be combined with... Figure 7 Based on multiple first inner tank temperature values , , ... ... The highest temperature value T IMA Sure.

[0143] In an optional embodiment, the first Rayleigh number It is a dimensionless number and can be calculated using the following relationship (10): (10) In the formula: This represents the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 g / s²). 2 ); Indicates the coefficient of gas volume expansion; This represents the temperature of the inner wall surface of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, located on the central axis of the inner tank. Temperature measurement of the first section inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank The difference (K); This indicates the actual height (m) of the gas phase space inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Indicates the kinematic viscosity of the gas; This represents the thermal diffusivity of the gas.

[0144] In an alternative embodiment, combined with Figure 8 A comprehensive characterization coefficient based on the dimensionless slip temperature of the thermal boundary layer can be used. Determine the corresponding thermal boundary layer measurement adaptation coefficient. .

[0145] Step b22: Based on the thermal boundary layer flow regulation coefficient, the effective height of the gas phase space inside the tank, and the first Rayleigh number, determine the first segment measurement depth value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank conforming to the characteristics of the low-temperature hydrogen thermal boundary layer during the self-pressurization stage.

[0146] In an alternative embodiment, the obtained thermal boundary layer flow modulation coefficient is combined with Effective height of the gas phase space inside the tank And the first Rayleigh number The first segment measurement depth value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank conforming to the low-temperature hydrogen thermal boundary layer characteristics during the self-pressurization stage can be calculated, as shown in the following relationship (11): (11) In the formula: This indicates the measured depth value of the first segment.

[0147] Step b23: Determine the first effective activation number of the first inner tank temperature sensor based on the inner tank geometric parameter set and the effective height value of the inner tank gas phase space.

[0148] In one alternative embodiment, a first inner tank temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature difference in the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0149] In an optional embodiment, the water volume of the inner tank is combined with the geometric parameters of the inner tank. Surface area of ​​the inner tank And the calculated effective height value of the gas phase space inside the tank. The characteristic data of the inner tank temperature field monitoring can be calculated. .

[0150] Furthermore, combined Figure 9 Based on the obtained temperature field monitoring characteristic data of the inner tank Determine the nominal activation number of the inner tank temperature sensor. .

[0151] Furthermore, combined with the effective height value of the gas phase space inside the tank... Geometric parameters of the inner tank are lumped together. Total height of the inner tank. Nominal activation number The first effective activation number of the temperature sensor in the first inner tank is determined using the following criteria. : (1) If Then the nominal number of The effective activation number is obtained by following the principle of rounding up. For example, nominal activation number The final number of valid activations Both are 18; (2) If Then the nominal number of The effective activation number is obtained by following the rounding principle. For example, when nominally activated numbers The final number of valid activations Both are 17; when the nominal number is activated The final number of valid activations Both are 18; (3) If Then the nominal number of The effective activation number is obtained by following the principle of rounding down. For example, the nominal number of activations The final number of valid activations Both are 17.

[0152] Step b24: Determine multiple first depth values ​​based on the head parameter set, the first segment measurement depth value, the first effective activation number, and the thermal boundary layer measurement adaptation coefficient.

[0153] In an alternative embodiment, the depth of the inner surface is incorporated into the head parameter set. and straight edge height First section measurement depth value First effective activation number And thermal boundary layer measurement adaptation coefficient It is possible to determine different depths along the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank. , , ... ... They are respectively: , , ... .

[0154] Step b3: Determine multiple height values ​​based on multiple measured temperature values, the real-time storage level of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank.

[0155] In one alternative embodiment, multiple height values , , ... ... It is the height along the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, from the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom end of the inner tank and the gas phase space on the top side of the liquid phase, to the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank.

[0156] Furthermore, step b3 above includes: Step b31: Based on multiple measured temperature values, the real-time storage liquid level of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank, determine the second Rayleigh number, the effective height value and flow regulation coefficient of the transition thermal boundary space between the liquid phase and the cryogenic hydrogen in the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the measurement adaptation coefficient of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen.

[0157] In an alternative embodiment, combined with Figure 10 It can be based on the characteristic temperature of the liquid hydrogen-low temperature hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer. (K) Determine the characteristic adjustment constant of the liquid hydrogen-cryogenic hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer .

[0158] To facilitate stable real-time data transmission during actual debugging, this embodiment sets the characteristic temperature of the liquid hydrogen-cryogenic hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer. for , , ... ... The highest temperature in With the second lowest temperature value The square of the difference And the second lowest temperature value, which is only higher than the lowest temperature value. With the lowest temperature The square of the difference The square root of the sum, that is .

[0159] Furthermore, the constant can be adjusted by incorporating the characteristics of the liquid hydrogen-low-temperature hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer. Real-time storage level of liquid hydrogen in the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank Determine the effective height of the liquid-low temperature hydrogen transition thermal boundary space within the inner tank of the hydrogen storage tank. .

[0160] In an optional embodiment, the second Rayleigh number It is a dimensionless number and can be calculated using the following relationship (12): (12) In the formula: This indicates the measured temperature of the first section inside the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, located on the central axis of the inner tank. Temperature of the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the outer gas phase space of the liquid phase The difference, that is .

[0161] In an alternative embodiment, combined with Figure 11 The characterization coefficients of the flow in the thermal boundary layer transition region can be used as a basis. Determine the corresponding flow regulation coefficient for the liquid hydrogen-cryogenic hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer. .

[0162] in, for , , ... ... The lowest temperature value in the range.

[0163] In an alternative embodiment, combined with Figure 12 The comprehensive characterization coefficient can be based on the dimensionless slip temperature of the liquid-low temperature hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer. Determining the fitness factor for liquid-low temperature hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer measurements .

[0164] Step b32: Based on the effective height value, the second Rayleigh number, and the flow regulation coefficient, determine the second initial section measurement height value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank that conforms to the characteristics of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen during the self-pressurization stage.

[0165] In an alternative embodiment, the obtained effective height value is combined Second Rayleigh number and flow regulation coefficient The measured height of the second section of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, which conforms to the characteristics of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen during the self-pressurization stage, can be calculated as shown in the following relationship (13): (13) In the formula: This indicates the measured height value of the second section.

[0166] Step b33: Determine the second effective activation number of the second inner tank temperature sensor based on the inner tank geometry parameter set and effective height value.

[0167] In one alternative embodiment, the second inner tank temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature difference in the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0168] In an alternative embodiment, the inner tank's inner surface area is combined with the inner tank's geometric parameters. Inner tank water volume and the calculated effective height value The characteristic data of the inner tank temperature field monitoring can be calculated. .

[0169] Furthermore, combined Figure 13 Based on the obtained temperature field monitoring characteristic data of the inner tank Determine the nominal activation number of the inner tank temperature sensor. .

[0170] Furthermore, combined with the effective height value Geometric parameters of the inner tank are lumped together. Total height of the inner tank. Nominal activation number The second effective activation number of the second inner tank temperature sensor is determined using the following judgment conditions. : (1) If Then the nominal number of The effective activation number is obtained by following the principle of rounding up. For example, the nominal number of activations The final number of valid activations Both are 18; (2) If Then the nominal number of The effective activation number is obtained by following the rounding principle. For example, when nominally activated numbers The final number of valid activations Both are 17; when the nominal number is activated The final number of valid activations Both are 18; (3) If Then the nominal number of The effective activation number is obtained by following the principle of rounding down. For example, the nominal number of activations The final number of valid activations Both are 17.

[0171] Step b34: Determine multiple height values ​​based on the second initial segment measured height value, the measurement adaptation coefficient, and the second effective activation number.

[0172] In an optional embodiment, the height value is combined with the second initial segment measurement. Measurement fitness coefficient Second effective activation number It is possible to determine the different heights along the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, from the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom end of the inner tank and the gas phase space on the top side of the liquid phase, to the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank. , , ... ... They are respectively: , , ... .

[0173] Step b4: Obtain multiple second inner tank temperature values ​​of the liquid hydrogen storage tank corresponding to multiple first depth values, and obtain multiple third inner tank temperature values ​​of the liquid hydrogen storage tank corresponding to multiple height values.

[0174] In an alternative embodiment, multiple first depth values ​​can be measured based on a temperature sensor. , , ... ... The internal temperature of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, i.e., multiple secondary internal tank temperature values, are as follows: , , ... ... .

[0175] Furthermore, obtain multiple height values. , , ... ... The internal temperature of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, i.e., the multiple third internal tank temperature values, are as follows: , , ... ... .

[0176] Step b5: Based on multiple second inner tank temperature values ​​and multiple third inner tank temperature values, the values ​​are processed by the first preset filtration standard and the second preset filtration standard respectively to obtain multiple first target temperature differences and multiple second target temperature differences.

[0177] In one alternative embodiment, the temperature is determined based on a plurality of second inner tank temperature values. Temperature difference , ... .

[0178] Furthermore, determine whether it is necessary to filter out the largest and smallest temperature differences.

[0179] Specifically, for all the temperature differences other than the maximum and minimum temperature differences... This temperature difference, take this The largest temperature difference among the temperature differences and The largest temperature difference among the temperature differences Compared to, and simultaneously take this The smallest temperature difference among all temperature differences and The smallest temperature difference among all temperature differences compared to: (1) If Then the largest temperature difference will be filtered out, where, This is a characterization coefficient for the flow in the thermal boundary layer transition region; (2) If Then the smallest temperature difference will be filtered out; (3) If neither (1) nor (2) above is satisfied, then the data with the largest temperature difference and the smallest temperature difference will not be filtered out.

[0180] Furthermore, through the above filtration operation, multiple first target temperature differences can be obtained after filtration.

[0181] In an alternative embodiment, the temperature is determined based on a plurality of third inner tank temperature values. Temperature difference , ... .

[0182] Furthermore, determine whether it is necessary to filter out the largest and smallest temperature differences.

[0183] Specifically, for all the temperature differences other than the maximum and minimum temperature differences... This temperature difference, take this The largest temperature difference among the temperature differences and The largest temperature difference among the temperature differences Compared to, and simultaneously take this The smallest temperature difference among all temperature differences and The smallest temperature difference among all temperature differences compared to: (1) If Then the largest temperature difference will be filtered out, where, The coefficient is used to characterize the flow in the transition region of the liquid hydrogen-low temperature hydrogen thermal boundary layer. (2) If Then the smallest temperature difference will be filtered out; (3) If neither (1) nor (2) above is satisfied, then the data with the largest temperature difference and the smallest temperature difference will not be filtered out.

[0184] Furthermore, through the above filtration operation, multiple second target temperature differences can be obtained after filtration.

[0185] Step b6: Use multiple first target temperature differences to determine the temperature difference of the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and use multiple second target temperature differences to determine the temperature difference of the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0186] In an optional embodiment, by combining the obtained multiple first target temperature difference values, the temperature difference value of the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be further determined. : (1) If neither the largest nor the smallest temperature difference in step b5 above is filtered out, then The temperature difference data, i.e. The first target temperature difference value. Furthermore, in this case, the temperature difference value of the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The values ​​of are shown in the following relation (14): (14) The absence of temperature difference data filtering indicates that the temperature difference in the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank did not occur. It is equivalent to the weighted average of the slopes of the temperature-depth curve, and its physical meaning is the average temperature gradient multiplied by the total depth.

[0187] (2) If the largest and smallest temperature differences in step b5 above are both filtered out, then The temperature difference data, i.e. The first target temperature difference value. Furthermore, in this case, the temperature difference value of the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The values ​​of are shown in the following relation (15): (15) in, , indicating that the measurement was The The sensor is located on the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, measuring the depth from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank.

[0188] Furthermore, , indicating that the measurement was The The sensor is located on the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, measuring the depth from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank.

[0189] (3) If either (1) or (2) above is executed, then The temperature difference data, i.e. The first target temperature difference value. Furthermore, in this case, the temperature difference value of the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The values ​​of are shown in the following relation (16): (16) in, , indicating that the measurement was The The sensor is located on the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, measuring the depth from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank.

[0190] In an optional embodiment, by combining the obtained multiple second target temperature difference values, the temperature difference in the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be further determined. : (1) If neither the largest nor the smallest temperature difference in step b5 above is filtered out, then The temperature difference data, i.e. The second target temperature difference value. Furthermore, in this case, the temperature difference in the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The values ​​of are shown in the following relation (17): (17) The absence of temperature difference data filtering indicates a temperature difference issue at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. It is equivalent to the weighted average of the slopes of the temperature-height curve, and its physical meaning is the average temperature gradient multiplied by the total height.

[0191] (2) If the largest and smallest temperature differences in step b5 above are both filtered out, then The temperature difference data, i.e. The second target temperature difference value. Furthermore, in this case, the temperature difference in the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The values ​​of are shown in the following relation (18): (18) in, , indicating that the measurement was The The sensor is located on the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, measuring the depth from the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank to the gas phase space side at the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank.

[0192] Furthermore, , indicating that the measurement was The The sensor is located on the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, measuring the depth from the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank to the gas phase space side at the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank.

[0193] (3) If either (1) or (2) above is executed, then The temperature difference data, i.e. The second target temperature difference value. Furthermore, in this case, the temperature difference in the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The values ​​of are shown in the following relation (19): (19) in, , indicating that the measurement was The The sensor is located on the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, measuring the depth from the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank to the gas phase space side at the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank.

[0194] Step S2032: Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the temperature difference value of the top gas phase space, and the temperature difference value of the bottom liquid phase space, determine the upper limit value of the temperature rise amplitude and the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value, respectively.

[0195] Specifically, step S2032 includes: Step c1: Determine the upper limit of the temperature rise based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the temperature difference value of the top gas phase space, and the temperature difference value of the bottom liquid phase space.

[0196] In one alternative embodiment, assessing the evaporation state also involves assessing the temperature rise. One optimized approach to temperature assessment is based on the temperature difference between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the vapor phase space at the top. (K) and temperature difference of the bottom liquid phase space (K), combined with different water volumes Surface area of ​​the inner tank The aspect ratio of the elliptical heads used in the inner tank Empirical data on the inner tank's structural parameters during actual commissioning were used to fit physical property parameters obtained from actual tests, establishing an upper limit for the temperature rise amplitude based on the temperature difference within the inner tank. The semi-empirical formula is shown in the following relation (20): (20) In the formula: This indicates the upper limit of the temperature rise.

[0197] Step c2: Based on the temperature difference between the top gas phase space and the bottom liquid phase space, determine multiple robust temperature rise rate estimates at multiple time points.

[0198] In an alternative embodiment, based on the experience of the commissioning party of the equipment supplied by Party A in actual commissioning, the liquid hydrogen working fluid storage system needs to pay special attention to avoid instantaneous noise interference from signal transmission equipment. Therefore, linear regression with a sliding time window is needed to estimate the temperature rise rate of each sensor, rather than simple numerical differentiation.

[0199] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the temperature difference in the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is... 0.235 times the absolute value and the temperature difference between the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank The absolute values ​​are compared, and the larger value is taken as the time window length based on the temperature difference. .

[0200] Furthermore, combined Figure 14 Based on the obtained temperature difference Determine the length of the time window .

[0201] Furthermore, for any given time, each temperature sensor Take time series data Similarly, each temperature sensor Take time series data .

[0202] Furthermore, a univariate linear regression is performed on the data within the window, as shown in the following equations (21) and (22): (twenty one) (twenty two) in, Indicates time; , All times are current. The robust rate of temperature rise estimate.

[0203] Step c3: Determine the intermediate depth value of the central axis based on the inner tank geometric parameter set and the head parameter set.

[0204] In one optional embodiment, after the self-pressurization stage starts, the gas source space of the inner tank is driven by uniform heat leakage. The axial temperature gradient of the gas phase space of the inner tank should be smooth and continuous, and abnormal heat sources must not appear. Considering that different axial positions have different importance to the overall thermal stress and safety, it is necessary to assign different weights to the temperature rise rate of each sensor. Based on actual debugging experience, it was found that the weight allocation mechanism is that the axial temperature distribution is a "pseudo" parabola, that is, the contribution of the temperature difference is related to the depth (height) on the central axis. Therefore, on the central axis, the upper half and the lower half of the temperature difference contribution mechanism are different, with the middle depth / height as the boundary.

[0205] Furthermore, before allocating temperature difference weights, the total height of the inner tank can be determined by combining the geometric parameters of the inner tank. and head parameter set, head inner diameter Thickness after forming straight edge height Determine the depth / height value at the centerline. .

[0206] Step c4: Based on the depth and order of multiple temperature sensors, determine multiple first weight values ​​from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank, up to the intermediate depth value.

[0207] In one optional embodiment, multiple temperature sensors are disposed on the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank at a depth from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank.

[0208] Furthermore, step c4 above includes: Step c41: Obtain multiple second depth values ​​from multiple temperature sensors.

[0209] Step c42: Determine multiple adjustment base weight values ​​based on the order of multiple temperature sensors.

[0210] Step c43: Determine multiple first weight values ​​based on multiple second depth values ​​and multiple adjusted base weight values.

[0211] In an alternative embodiment, combined with Figure 15 It can be based on the order of the temperature sensors. Determine the adjustment base weight value .

[0212] Furthermore, multiple second depth values ​​from multiple temperature sensors and multiple adjustment base weight values ​​are combined. It can be calculated that the distance from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank is... First weight value at depth The following relation (23) is shown: (twenty three) In the formula: express The average depth of each temperature sensor.

[0213] Step c5: Based on the temperature and order of multiple temperature sensors, determine multiple second weight values ​​from the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the gas phase space at the top of the liquid phase, to the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank, to the intermediate depth value.

[0214] Furthermore, step c5 above includes: Step c51: Obtain multiple temperature values ​​based on multiple temperature sensors.

[0215] Step c52: Based on the characteristic temperature and multiple temperature values ​​of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, determine the contribution weight values ​​of temperature difference in multiple gas-liquid contact surface areas.

[0216] Step c53: Based on the contact surface temperature between the liquid phase space and the outer gas phase space at the bottom of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and multiple temperature values, determine multiple liquid phase space temperature difference contribution weight values.

[0217] Step c54: Determine the basic weight values ​​for adjusting multiple height orientation coefficients according to the order of multiple temperature sensors.

[0218] Step c55: Adjust the basic weight value based on the temperature difference contribution weight values ​​of multiple gas-liquid contact surface areas, multiple liquid phase space temperature difference contribution weight values, and multiple height direction coefficients to determine multiple second weight values.

[0219] In an optional embodiment, based on commissioning experience, it was found that the contribution weight value of the temperature difference in the gas-liquid contact surface area is... The most important influencing factor is the characteristic temperature of the liquid hydrogen-low temperature hydrogen transition thermal boundary layer. The order is Temperature measured by temperature sensor The ratio.

[0220] Furthermore, combined Figure 16 It can be based on the temperature value and characteristic temperature ratio Determine the corresponding contribution weight value of temperature difference in the gas-liquid contact surface area. .

[0221] Furthermore, the contribution weight of temperature difference in the gas-liquid contact surface area. The larger the value, the greater the contribution of the contact surface between the liquid phase space and the gas phase space on the top side of the liquid phase to the temperature difference compared to the weight of the liquid phase space.

[0222] In an optional embodiment, based on commissioning experience, it was found that the contribution weight value of the temperature difference in the liquid phase space is... The most important influencing factor is .further, The order of representation is Temperature measured by temperature sensor Temperature of the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the outer gas phase space of the liquid phase The difference, that is .

[0223] Furthermore, combined Figure 17 According to Determine the corresponding liquid phase space temperature difference contribution weight value .

[0224] Furthermore, the contribution weight value of the temperature difference in the liquid phase space. The larger the value, the greater the contribution of the liquid phase space to the temperature difference compared to the contact surface weight between the liquid phase space and the gas phase space on the top side of the liquid phase.

[0225] Furthermore, combined Figure 18 It can be based on the order of the temperature sensors. Determine the corresponding height orientation coefficient adjustment base weight value .

[0226] Furthermore, the contribution weight values ​​of temperature differences across multiple gas-liquid contact surface regions are combined. Weighting values ​​of temperature differences in multiple liquid phase spaces Adjusting the base weight value with multiple height orientation coefficients This allows for further determination of the direction from the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom of the inner tank and the gas phase space at the top of the liquid phase, towards the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank. The multiple second weight values ​​at the height are shown in the following relationship (24): (twenty four) In the formula: This represents the second weight value.

[0227] Step c6: Determine the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter values ​​based on multiple robust temperature rise rate estimates, multiple first weight values, and multiple second weight values.

[0228] In an optional embodiment, the corresponding temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter values ​​can be calculated using the following relationship (25): (25) In the formula: This represents the value of the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter.

[0229] Step S2033: Determine the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold based on the inner tank geometric parameter set and the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set.

[0230] In an alternative embodiment, the inner tank's inner surface area is combined with the inner tank's geometric parameters. Inner tank water volume And the centralized safety control parameters of the pressure relief valve, including the rated opening pressure of the pressure relief valve. , pressure relief valve rated reset pressure The corresponding temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold can be calculated, as shown in the following relationship (26): (26) In the formula: This represents the threshold for coordinating temperature evolution.

[0231] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0232] The following is a detailed reference. Figure 19 This diagram illustrates a suitable structural design for implementing an electronic device according to embodiments of the present invention. The electronic device may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit, graphics processor, etc.) 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 602 or a program loaded from memory 608 into random access memory (RAM) 603. RAM 603 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. The processor 601, ROM 602, and RAM 603 are interconnected via a bus 604. An input / output (I / O) interface 605 is also connected to the bus 604.

[0233] Typically, the following devices can be connected to I / O interface 605: input devices 606 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, cameras, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 607 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; memory devices 608 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 609. Communication device 609 allows electronic devices to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although Figure 19 Electronic devices with various devices are shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all of the devices shown, and more or fewer devices may be implemented or have instead.

[0234] In particular, according to embodiments of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device 609, or installed from a memory 608, or installed from a ROM 602. When the computer program is executed by the processor 601, it performs the functions defined in the evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0235] Figure 19 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0236] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described above according to embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as computer code that can be recorded on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded via a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and then stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, the evaporation safety assessment method for liquid hydrogen storage tanks shown in the above embodiments is implemented.

[0237] A portion of this invention can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to the invention through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0238] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the evaporation safety of a liquid hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the set of end cap parameters of the elliptical end caps used in the inner tank, the set of safety control parameters of the pressure relief valve, and the inherent disturbance frequency value; Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency, the upper limit of the pressure rise rate, the spectral energy intensity value, and the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage are determined respectively. Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, and the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, the upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude, the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value, and the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage are determined respectively. Based on the upper limit of the pressure rise rate, the spectral energy intensity value, and the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization value, determine whether the pressure rise process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage is safe. Based on the upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude, the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value, and the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold, it is determined that the temperature rise process of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage is safe. If both the pressure rise and temperature rise processes of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage are safe, then the evaporation safety of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency, the upper limit of the pressure rise rate, the spectral energy intensity value, and the upper limit of the spectral energy concentration characterization value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage are determined, including: The upper limit of the pressure rise rate is determined based on the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank, the set of safety control parameters of the pressure relief valve, and the real-time pressure value of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The upper limit of the spectrum energy concentration characterization is determined based on the real-time pressure rise rate value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the upper limit value of the pressure rise rate. The spectral energy intensity value is determined based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spectral energy intensity value is determined based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the end cap parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency, including: Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set and the head parameter set, determine the first characteristic parameter of the structural features of the liquid hydrogen storage tank that affects the pressure difference-driven energy growth; The pressure difference-driven energy growth rate is determined based on the first influencing characteristic parameter and the inner tank geometric parameter set; Based on the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank, the set of parameters of the end cap, and the set of safety control parameters of the pressure relief valve, determine the second characteristic parameter of the structural features of the liquid hydrogen storage tank on the growth of the viscosity damping of the gas inside the inner tank; The energy growth viscous damping rate is determined based on the second influencing characteristic parameter and the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank. Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, and the inherent disturbance frequency, determine the frequency energy growth nonlinear saturation coefficient; The spectral energy intensity value is determined based on the pressure difference-driven energy growth rate, the energy growth viscous damping rate, and the frequency energy growth nonlinear saturation coefficient.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, and the pressure relief valve safety control parameter set, the upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude, the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value, and the temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage are determined, including: Based on the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank and the set of parameters of the end cap, the temperature difference value of the top gas phase space and the temperature difference value of the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank are determined respectively. Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the top gas phase space temperature difference value, and the bottom liquid phase space temperature difference value, the upper limit value of the temperature rise amplitude and the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value are determined respectively. The temperature evolution coordination characterization threshold is determined based on the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank and the set of safety control parameters of the pressure relief valve.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set and the head parameter set, determine the top gas phase space temperature difference value and the bottom liquid phase space temperature difference value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, including: Acquire multiple first inner tank temperature values ​​of the liquid hydrogen storage tank during the self-pressurization stage, and multiple measured temperature values ​​of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Based on the multiple first inner tank temperature values, the inner tank geometric parameter set, and the head parameter set, multiple first depth values ​​are determined. The multiple first depth values ​​are the depths along the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank. Based on the multiple measured temperature values, the real-time storage liquid level of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the geometric parameter set of the inner tank, multiple height values ​​are determined. The multiple height values ​​are the heights along the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, from the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom end of the inner tank and the gas phase space on the top side of the liquid phase to the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank. Obtain multiple second inner tank temperature values ​​of the liquid hydrogen storage tank corresponding to the multiple first depth values, and obtain multiple third inner tank temperature values ​​of the liquid hydrogen storage tank corresponding to the multiple height values; Based on the multiple second inner tank temperature values ​​and the multiple third inner tank temperature values, after processing by the first preset filtration standard and the second preset filtration standard, multiple first target temperature differences and multiple second target temperature differences are obtained. The temperature difference of the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is determined using the plurality of first target temperature differences, and the temperature difference of the bottom liquid phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is determined using the plurality of second target temperature differences.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the multiple first inner tank temperature values, the inner tank geometric parameter set, and the head parameter set, multiple first depth values ​​are determined, including: Based on the multiple first inner tank temperature values ​​and the inner tank geometric parameter set, the thermal boundary layer flow adjustment coefficient, the effective height value of the inner tank gas phase space, the first Rayleigh number, and the thermal boundary layer measurement adaptation coefficient are determined respectively. Based on the thermal boundary layer flow regulation coefficient, the effective height of the gas phase space of the inner tank, and the first Rayleigh number, the first segment measurement depth value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank conforming to the characteristics of the low-temperature hydrogen thermal boundary layer under the self-pressurization stage is determined. Based on the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank and the effective height value of the gas phase space of the inner tank, the first effective activation number of the first inner tank temperature sensor is determined. The first inner tank temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature difference of the top gas phase space of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Based on the head parameter set, the first segment measurement depth value, the first effective activation number, and the thermal boundary layer measurement adaptation coefficient, multiple first depth values ​​are determined.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the multiple measured temperature values, the real-time storage liquid level of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the geometric parameter set of the inner tank, multiple height values ​​are determined, including: Based on the multiple measured temperature values, the real-time storage liquid level of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the geometric parameter set of the inner tank, the second Rayleigh number, the effective height value and flow regulation coefficient of the transition thermal boundary space between the liquid phase and the cryogenic hydrogen in the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the measurement adaptation coefficient of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen are determined respectively. Based on the effective height value, the second Rayleigh number, and the flow regulation coefficient, the second initial measured height value of the liquid hydrogen storage tank that conforms to the characteristics of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen is determined during the self-pressurization stage. Based on the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank and the effective height value, the second effective activation number of the second inner tank temperature sensor is determined. The second inner tank temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature difference of the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Multiple height values ​​are determined based on the second first segment measured height value, the measurement adaptation coefficient, and the second effective activation number.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the top gas phase space temperature difference value, and the bottom liquid phase space temperature difference value, the upper limit value of the temperature rise amplitude and the temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value are determined respectively, including: The upper limit of the temperature rise amplitude is determined based on the inner tank geometric parameter set, the head parameter set, the temperature difference value of the top gas phase space and the temperature difference value of the bottom liquid phase space; Based on the temperature difference value of the top gas phase space and the temperature difference value of the bottom liquid phase space, multiple robust temperature rise rate estimates are determined at multiple times. The intermediate depth value of the central axis is determined based on the set of geometric parameters of the inner tank and the set of parameters of the end cap; Based on the depth and order of multiple temperature sensors, multiple first weight values ​​are determined from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank, to the intermediate depth value. The multiple temperature sensors are set on the central axis of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank at a depth from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank. Based on the temperature and order of the multiple temperature sensors, multiple second weight values ​​are determined from the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom end of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the gas phase space at the top end of the liquid phase, toward the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank, to the intermediate depth value. The temperature evolution coordination characterization parameter value is determined based on the plurality of robust temperature rise rate estimates, the plurality of first weight values, and the plurality of second weight values.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Based on the depth and order of multiple temperature sensors, several first weighted values ​​are determined from the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the liquid phase space side at the bottom of the inner tank, up to the intermediate depth value, including: Obtain multiple second depth values ​​from the plurality of temperature sensors; Based on the order of the multiple temperature sensors, multiple basic adjustment weight values ​​are determined; The plurality of first weight values ​​are determined based on the plurality of second depth values ​​and the plurality of adjusted basic weight values.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Based on the temperatures and order of the multiple temperature sensors, several second weighted values ​​are determined from the contact surface between the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the gas phase space at the top of the liquid phase, toward the gas phase space side of the inner edge of the elliptical head at the top of the inner tank, to the intermediate depth value, including: Multiple temperature values ​​are obtained based on the multiple temperature sensors; Based on the characteristic temperature of the transition thermal boundary layer between liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the multiple temperature values, the contribution weight values ​​of temperature difference in multiple gas-liquid contact surface regions are determined. Based on the contact surface temperature between the liquid phase space and the outer gas phase space at the bottom of the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the multiple temperature values, multiple liquid phase space temperature difference contribution weight values ​​are determined. Based on the order of the multiple temperature sensors, multiple height orientation coefficient adjustment base weight values ​​are determined; The plurality of second weight values ​​are determined based on the plurality of temperature difference contribution weight values ​​of the plurality of gas-liquid contact surface regions, the plurality of temperature difference contribution weight values ​​of the plurality of liquid phase space, and the plurality of height direction coefficient adjustment base weight values.

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