Vertical shaft part testing mechanism and testing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool equipment detection, and discloses a vertical shaft part testing mechanism and a vertical shaft part testing method.The vertical shaft part testing mechanism comprises a top seat, a bottom seat, a supporting column, an annular laser scanning assembly and a linear feeding assembly, the bottom seat forms a protruding platform directly bearing a part to be tested, and the supporting column is vertically arranged and connected with the top seat and the bottom seat; the annular laser scanning assembly is used for vertically moving to scan the outer contour of a to-be-detected part, and the linear feeding assembly drives the annular laser scanning assembly to conduct linear feeding. Through the structural design, a to-be-detected part is installed without a clamp and only needs to be placed on the protruding platform of the base, manufacturing errors of the clamp are reduced, complex positioning is not needed, the base is integrally formed in a plane mode, a rotating platform does not need to be arranged, and errors caused by rotation of the rotating platform are avoided; the annular laser scanning assembly can adapt to parts of different sizes and different structures, scanning blind areas are eliminated, and the detection coverage rate of parts with complex surfaces is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool equipment testing technology, specifically to a testing mechanism and method for vertical shaft parts. Background Technology

[0002] The machine tool spindle is the core component that drives the workpiece or tool to rotate. Its coaxiality with mating parts directly determines the machine tool's machining accuracy, operational stability, and service life. Excessive coaxiality error can easily lead to spindle wear, part collision damage, and even machine tool vibration failure. Currently, coaxiality detection technologies for spindles and mating parts are mainly divided into two categories: contact measurement and non-contact measurement. While contact measurement offers higher accuracy, it suffers from low efficiency, easily scratches part surfaces, and is unsuitable for parts with complex surfaces. Among non-contact measurement methods, laser scanning has become the mainstream development direction due to its high efficiency and adaptability; however, existing laser sensor detection equipment still has many shortcomings.

[0003] Existing mechanical rotary tables mostly use ball bearings or air bearings. The radial and axial runout of ball bearings during rotation can easily cause frictional interference, leading to distortion of the scanned point cloud. Furthermore, they lack a high-rigidity base support, making them susceptible to external vibrations and unable to provide a stable detection benchmark. While air bearings offer sufficient accuracy, their high cost and maintenance difficulties make them unsuitable for long-term use. Laser sensors are mostly fixedly installed, unable to adjust the scanning position according to the part surface, resulting in blind spots and insufficient detection coverage for complex parts. When detecting the coaxiality of the spindle and multiple mating parts, multiple sensors are required to collect data separately or the benchmark needs to be manually calibrated multiple times. This not only wastes equipment costs but also easily leads to benchmark shifts, affecting detection consistency. Existing clamping mechanisms have complex positioning and a narrow range of applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] This invention provides a vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism and method, which solves the problems of existing coaxiality testing equipment relying on the stability of a rotating platform, narrow adaptability, and complex positioning of the workpiece to be tested. It has high testing accuracy and efficiency, and is suitable for coaxiality testing of machine tool spindles and mating parts such as gears and pulleys, or other parts with complex surfaces.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism, comprising: a top seat and a base, the base forming a raised platform for directly supporting the part to be tested; at least two pillars vertically arranged and connecting the top seat and the base; an annular laser scanning assembly for scanning the outer contour of the part to be tested by moving up and down; and a linear feed assembly disposed between the top seat and the base and fixedly connected to the annular laser scanning assembly to drive the annular laser scanning assembly to perform linear feed.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the linear feed assembly includes a vertically arranged guide rail and a first drive block that can slide along the guide rail.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the vertical shaft part testing mechanism further includes a lifting drive component, which is mounted on the top seat and its output end is connected to the linear feed assembly to drive the first drive block to perform linear lifting motion along the guide rail.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the annular laser scanning assembly is mounted on the first drive block and includes an annular support, at least three laser sensors, and a radial adjustment device. The at least three laser sensors are evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular support and synchronously move closer to or away from the central axis of the annular support under the drive of the radial adjustment device.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the radial adjustment device includes: at least three small guide rails evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular support, each small guide rail being radially arranged and fixed along the annular support; and a second drive block, on which each small guide rail is slidably disposed, wherein the laser sensor is mounted on the second drive block via a connector, and the second drive block moves synchronously horizontally along its respective small guide rail under the drive of a servo motor.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the lifting drive is a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of which is mounted on the top seat, and the end of its piston rod is connected to the annular laser scanning assembly.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the linear feed assembly further includes a drive motor, which is connected to the first drive block for driving it to move up and down along the guide rail.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the number of pillars is four, located at the four corners of the top seat and the base, respectively.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the base is further provided with multiple shock-absorbing pads at its bottom; and / or the base is integrally cast from cast iron.

[0016] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides another technical solution: a testing method based on the above-mentioned testing mechanism, the method comprising the following steps: S1, placing the shaft part to be tested directly on the raised platform of the base; S2, adjusting the radial position of the annular laser scanning component by a radial adjustment device so that it surrounds the part to be tested; S3, driving the lifting drive device to drive the annular laser scanning component to make linear lifting and lowering motion along the axial direction of the part to be tested, acquiring the radial distance data of the outer contour of the part to be tested and the corresponding axial position data, and outputting the data to the terminal.

[0017] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism, which has the following advantages:

[0019] A vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism includes a top seat and a base. The base forms a raised platform that directly supports the part to be tested. A vertically arranged support column connects the top seat and the base. A ring laser scanning assembly and a linear feed assembly are also included. The ring laser scanning assembly scans the outer contour of the part to be tested by moving up and down, while the linear feed assembly drives the ring laser scanning assembly to perform linear feed. This structural design eliminates the need for fixture installation; the part to be tested simply needs to be placed on the raised platform of the base, reducing fixture manufacturing errors and eliminating the need for complex positioning. Furthermore, the base is integrally molded on a flat surface, eliminating the need for a rotating platform and avoiding errors caused by platform rotation. The ring laser scanning assembly can adapt to parts of different sizes and structures, eliminating scanning blind spots and improving the detection coverage of parts with complex surfaces. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is an isometric drawing of the overall structure of a vertical shaft-type parts testing mechanism;

[0021] Figure 2 This is the main view of the overall structure of the vertical shaft-type parts testing mechanism;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vertical shaft-type parts testing mechanism after removing the top seat;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the ring laser scanning component;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the testing range of a vertical shaft-type parts testing mechanism.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Top seat; 2. Support column; 3. Base; 31. Raised platform; 4. Circular laser scanning assembly; 5. Linear feed assembly; 51. Guide rail; 52. First drive block; 6. Lifting drive component; 41. Circular support; 42. Laser sensor; 43. Radial adjustment device; 44. Connector; 431. Small guide rail; 432. Second drive block. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Please see Figure 1-4 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical shaft part testing mechanism and its specific components in this invention. As shown in the figure, the vertical shaft part testing mechanism of this invention includes a top seat 1 and a base 3. The base 3 forms a raised platform 31 for directly supporting the part to be tested. At least two pillars 2 are vertically arranged and connect the top seat 1 and the base 3. A ring laser scanning assembly 4 is used to scan the outer contour of the part to be tested by moving up and down. A linear feed assembly 5 is arranged between the top seat 1 and the base 3 and is fixedly connected to the ring laser scanning assembly 4 to drive the ring laser scanning assembly 4 to perform linear feed.

[0028] Among them, the raised platform 31 on the upper surface of the base 3 is precision ground to ensure flatness and provide a reliable reference for the part to be tested placed on it.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the linear feed component 5 includes a vertically arranged guide rail 51 and a first drive block 52 that can slide along the guide rail 51.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the annular laser scanning assembly 4 is mounted on the first driving block 52 and includes an annular support 41, at least three laser sensors 42, and a radial adjustment device 43. The at least three laser sensors 42 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the annular support 41 and synchronously move closer to or further away from the central axis of the annular support 41 under the drive of the radial adjustment device 43. Since the laser sensors are evenly distributed around the circumference of the annular support, the outer contour of the part to be measured can be scanned from all directions. Of course, in the specific implementation, additional laser sensors can be added based on actual needs.

[0031] In a specific implementation, the radial adjustment device 43 includes: at least three small guide rails 431 evenly distributed around the annular support 41, each small guide rail 431 being radially arranged and fixed along the annular support 41; and a second drive block 432, on which a second drive block 432 is slidably disposed. The laser sensor 42 is mounted on the second drive block via a connector, and the second drive block 432 moves synchronously horizontally along its respective small guide rail 431 under the drive of a servo motor.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism further includes a lifting drive 6, which is mounted on the top seat 1. Its output end is connected to the linear feed assembly 5 to drive the first drive block 52 to perform linear lifting and lowering motion along the guide rail 51. The guide rail 51 can be threadedly connected between the top seat 1 and the base 3.

[0033] Because the ring laser scanning assembly is relatively heavy, in order to ensure that the laser sensor is always on the same horizontal plane, a lifting drive can be used to lift the entire ring laser scanning assembly and move the entire ring laser scanning assembly up and down, ensuring that the laser sensor always stays on the same horizontal plane.

[0034] In a specific implementation, the lifting drive component 6 can be a hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder body is mounted on the top seat, and the end of its piston rod is connected to the annular laser scanning assembly. Specifically, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder can be welded to the annular support, or other forms of fixed connection can be used.

[0035] Of course, other types of driving components can also be used, as long as they can drive the ring laser scanning component to move up and down.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the linear feed assembly 5 also includes a drive motor (not shown), which is connected to the first drive block 52 for driving it to move up and down along the guide rail 51.

[0037] To stably support and connect the top seat and the base, four support columns 2 are provided, located at the four corners of the top seat 1 and the base 3. In practice, the top seat and the base can be connected to the support columns via threads.

[0038] In addition, to prevent instability of the entire testing mechanism and avoid measurement errors caused by vibrations during the testing process, multiple anti-vibration pads are installed at the bottom of the base, which can effectively isolate ground vibrations.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the base is made of cast iron material and is formed by one-piece casting.

[0040] Please see Figure 5As shown, the central circle represents the maximum outer contour of the part under test. When the line lasers emitted by the three laser sensors can encircle the maximum outer contour of the part under test, the laser sensors can scan the outer contour of the part by feeding longitudinally (i.e., perpendicular to the base). The scanned data of the part under test generates a point cloud map, which is then output to the terminal computer. The coaxiality is calculated by fitting the axis.

[0041] Since the laser can be adjusted along a small guide rail, the part under test does not need to be placed coinciding with the center of the circle formed by the three laser sensors. It only needs to be placed on the raised platform of the base, and the offset can be compensated by adjusting the position of the linear laser.

[0042] Based on the above-mentioned vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism, a method for testing using this mechanism is further provided, mainly including the following steps:

[0043] S1. Place the shaft-type part to be tested directly on the raised platform of the base;

[0044] S2. Adjust the radial position of the ring laser scanning assembly using the radial adjustment device so that it surrounds the part to be measured;

[0045] S3. Drive the lifting drive device to drive the ring laser scanning component to move linearly up and down along the axis of the part to be measured, obtain the radial distance data of the outer contour of the part to be measured and the corresponding axial position data, and output the data to the terminal.

[0046] First, place the part to be tested on the raised platform of the base, aligning it with the center of the platform as much as possible. Then, adjust the position of the laser sensor so that the laser line can cover the outer contour of the part with the largest diameter. Adjust the height of the laser sensor to directly scan the surface of each mating part, collect the point cloud data of the part, and output it to the terminal computer. The computer automatically selects the effective contour points, fits the actual axis of each part, maps the actual axis of each part to the main spindle reference coordinate system, and calculates the offset of each part's axis relative to the reference axis.

[0047] The above detailed description of the vertical shaft component testing mechanism, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates that the mechanism includes a top base and a base. The base forms a raised platform for directly supporting the component under test. A vertically positioned support connects the top base and the base. A ring laser scanning assembly and a linear feed assembly are also included. The ring laser scanning assembly scans the outer contour of the component under test by moving up and down, while the linear feed assembly drives the ring laser scanning assembly in a linear feed. This structural design eliminates the need for fixtures; the component simply rests on the raised platform of the base, reducing fixture manufacturing errors and eliminating the need for complex positioning. Furthermore, the base is integrally molded, eliminating the need for a rotating platform and avoiding errors caused by platform rotation. The ring laser scanning assembly is adaptable to components of different sizes and structures, eliminating scanning blind spots and improving the detection coverage of complex surface components.

[0048] This vertical shaft parts testing mechanism has a compact structure, is simple and convenient to operate, and has high testing accuracy and efficiency. It can be widely used in machine tool manufacturing, machine tool assembly and machine tool maintenance, providing a reliable solution for the coaxiality testing of the spindle and mating parts.

[0049] This application achieves unified detection of multiple parts based on a single standard by using multiple laser sensors in conjunction with their linear feed, eliminating the need for furniture and complex positioning. Vertical installation avoids gravity interference and solves the problems of stability, narrow adaptability, and complex positioning of workpieces that existing coaxiality detection equipment relies on rotating platforms.

[0050] It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0051] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A testing mechanism for vertical shaft-type parts, characterized in that, The vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism includes: The top and the base, wherein the base forms a raised platform for directly supporting the part to be tested; At least two pillars are vertically arranged and connect the top seat and the base; A ring-shaped laser scanning component is used to scan the outer contour of the part to be measured by moving up and down. A linear feed assembly is disposed between the top seat and the base, and is fixedly connected to the annular laser scanning assembly to drive the annular laser scanning assembly to perform linear feed.

2. The vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear feed assembly includes a vertically arranged guide rail and a first drive block that can slide along the guide rail.

3. The vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical shaft part testing mechanism also includes a lifting drive component, which is mounted on the top seat and its output end is connected to the linear feed assembly to drive the first drive block to move linearly up and down along the guide rail.

4. The vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The annular laser scanning assembly is mounted on the first drive block and includes an annular support, at least three laser sensors, and a radial adjustment device. The at least three laser sensors are evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular support and synchronously move closer to or away from the central axis of the annular support under the drive of the radial adjustment device.

5. The vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The radial adjustment device includes: at least three small guide rails evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular support, each small guide rail being radially arranged and fixed along the annular support; and a second drive block, each small guide rail having a second drive block slidably disposed on it, wherein the laser sensor is mounted on the second drive block via a connector, and the second drive block moves synchronously horizontally along its respective small guide rail under the drive of a servo motor.

6. The vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lifting drive component is a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of which is mounted on the top seat, and the end of its piston rod is connected to the annular laser scanning assembly.

7. The vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The linear feed assembly also includes a drive motor, which is connected to the first drive block for driving it to move up and down along the guide rail.

8. The vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of pillars is four, located at the four corners of the top seat and the base respectively.

9. The vertical shaft-type part testing mechanism according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The base is also provided with multiple shock-absorbing pads at the bottom; and / or the base is integrally cast from cast iron.

10. A testing method based on the testing mechanism according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Place the shaft-type part to be tested directly on the raised platform of the base; S2. Adjust the radial position of the ring laser scanning assembly using the radial adjustment device so that it surrounds the part to be measured; S3. Drive the lifting drive device to drive the ring laser scanning component to move linearly up and down along the axis of the part to be measured, obtain the radial distance data of the outer contour of the part to be measured and the corresponding axial position data, and output the data to the terminal.

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