Physical unclonable function anti-counterfeit label based on random micro-nano folds and preparation method of physical unclonable function anti-counterfeit label

Abstract

The invention discloses a physical unclonable function anti-counterfeit label based on random micro-nano wrinkles and a preparation method of the physical unclonable function anti-counterfeit label, and belongs to the technical field of anti-counterfeit. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a functional material dispersion system; 2, the functional material dispersion system is subjected to film forming on a substrate, and a thin film-substrate double-layer structure is formed; the substrate comprises a heat-shrinkable substrate or an elastic material substrate; and step 3, performing one-step treatment on the film-substrate double-layer structure to obtain the physical unclonable function anti-counterfeit label based on the random micro-nano wrinkles. The wrinkle characteristics of the label can be collected through a common smart phone, rapid and accurate authenticity verification is carried out through a machine learning algorithm, the label has extremely high uniqueness and safety, and the label can be flexibly endowed with the multifunctional characteristics of flexibility, stretchability, extreme environment resistance, transfer prevention and the like through a follow-up process. And the application prospect in the fields of high-end commodities, flexible electronics, Internet of Things and the like is widened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of anti-counterfeiting technology, specifically relating to an anti-counterfeiting label based on a physical non-clonable function of random micro-nano folds and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, anti-counterfeiting labels are widely used on various commodities due to their simple and clear form. These labels typically enhance product recognizability and anti-counterfeiting capabilities through optical effects, invisible design, electronic intelligence, or special materials. For example, optical effect anti-counterfeiting labels use technologies such as holograms and color-changing inks to add complex visual effects to products, such as color changes and dynamic images. However, with the development of advanced counterfeiting equipment and technology, optical effects can be easily copied and simulated, making it difficult for optical effect anti-counterfeiting labels to achieve the expected anti-counterfeiting effect. In addition, optical effect anti-counterfeiting labels are easily damaged or faded by external factors during transportation and use, affecting their long-term anti-counterfeiting performance. Invisible anti-counterfeiting labels, such as microtext and ultraviolet (UV) anti-counterfeiting marks, although highly concealed, are also easily copied by counterfeiters using high-precision equipment with the advancement of detection technology, significantly reducing their protective effect. Electronic smart anti-counterfeiting labels, such as Near Field Communication (NFC) tags and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, offer significant advantages in management and consumer verification. However, their reliance on databases and network environments means that insufficient system security can lead to data leaks or tampering, compromising the reliability of anti-counterfeiting measures. Special material anti-counterfeiting labels, such as those using fluorescent inks or thermal materials, possess unique physical or chemical properties. However, these material properties can be identified and verified through testing, allowing for replication. Furthermore, the high cost and environmental sensitivity of these labels limit their long-term use in certain applications.

[0003] In recent years, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF) technology has gradually become an important research direction in the field of anti-counterfeiting due to its unique challenge-response characteristics. PUF technology generates highly unique and difficult-to-copy security keys by leveraging the unpredictability of physical system parameters during the manufacturing process. Currently, PUF research mainly focuses on scattering PUFs, randomly distributed PUFs, and fingerprint PUFs. Scattering PUFs generate unique scattered light patterns by adding tiny scattering particles to transparent polymers and irradiating them with lasers of specific wavelengths. However, this technology has limited encoding capabilities and requires a high recognition threshold, limiting its widespread application. Randomly distributed PUFs generate anti-counterfeiting features by randomly distributing molecules or nanoscale markers in two-dimensional or three-dimensional structures. For example, randomly distributed gold nanodots are formed by drop casting gold nanoparticle solutions, or fluorescent PUF tags are manufactured by inkjet printing quantum dots. Although these tags have high encoding capacity, their feature recognition process relies on expensive equipment and complex algorithms, increasing the difficulty of practical applications. Fingerprint-type PUFs generate anti-counterfeiting features through fingerprint-like structures, such as liquid crystals cured by ultraviolet light or fingerprint PUFs engraved on substrates. This gives fingerprint-type PUFs a high degree of uniqueness and non-cloning, but their recognition process is more complex and requires special equipment and algorithm support.

[0004] In summary, existing PUF technology still faces many challenges in practical applications. In the process of realizing this invention, the inventors discovered at least the following problems in the prior art:

[0005] (1) Most PUF methods rely on complex chemical preparation and control methods, and their processes are cumbersome and expensive, which limits the large-scale production and commercial application of PUF tags.

[0006] (2) PUF label verification usually requires specialized equipment such as microscopes and spectrometers, which is complicated to operate and has high equipment requirements. This limits its promotion and use in many application scenarios where high-end equipment cannot be provided.

[0007] (3) The current PUF tag has a relatively simple function and is prone to failure in complex environments. For example, it lacks sufficient robustness and multifunctionality when facing physical or chemical changes in acidic or alkaline environments and high temperature conditions, and cannot meet the diverse application needs. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds and its preparation method. This preparation method involves only one step of processing the thin-film-substrate bilayer structure to obtain a PUF label with adjustable anti-counterfeiting features. The preparation process is simple, and the PUF label can be verified simply by taking a photo and uploading it with a regular smartphone. This preparation method can be combined with different post-processing techniques to endow the label with diverse customized functions such as high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, tensile strength, flexibility, and / or customizable shape.

[0009] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0010] On the one hand, a method for preparing a physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro / nano folds is provided, including:

[0011] Step 1: Prepare the functional material dispersion system;

[0012] Step 2: The functional material dispersion system is deposited on a substrate to form a film, creating a thin film-substrate bilayer structure; the substrate includes a heat-shrinkable substrate or an elastic material substrate;

[0013] Step 3: The thin film-substrate bilayer structure is processed in one step to obtain a physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds.

[0014] On the other hand, a method is provided for adaptively modifying a physically non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds, wherein the adaptive modification includes endowing the label with flexibility, stretchability, or protective properties; the method of adaptive modification includes:

[0015] Using the above-mentioned method for preparing anti-counterfeiting labels based on random micro-nano folds and physical non-cloning functions as a base film, an adaptive solution is applied and cured to form a film.

[0016] When the adaptive modification is to impart flexibility or stretchability to the label, it also includes removing the substrate after curing into a film.

[0017] On the other hand, a physically non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label is provided, which is either a physically non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label prepared by the above-mentioned method of preparing a physically non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds, or a physically non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label prepared by the above-mentioned method of adaptively modifying a physically non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds.

[0018] On another front, a transfer-resistant physical no-cloning function (PNOC) anti-counterfeiting device is provided, comprising a PNOC based on random micro-nano folds prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing a PNOC based on random micro-nano folds, wherein the functional material therein is a conductive functional material; the PNOC anti-transfer device further comprises a circuit module capable of monitoring the resistance change of the anti-counterfeiting label, wherein the circuit module is electrically connected to the anti-counterfeiting label.

[0019] Furthermore, a method for verifying anti-counterfeiting is provided, characterized in that the anti-counterfeiting label based on the aforementioned physically unclonable function includes:

[0020] The wrinkle feature image of the physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label is acquired using an image acquisition device;

[0021] The wrinkle feature image is compared with the pre-stored original feature data of the physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label, and a prediction score is output.

[0022] The authenticity of the physical unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label is determined based on whether the predicted score reaches a preset threshold.

[0023] Furthermore, an anti-counterfeiting system is provided, characterized in that it includes:

[0024] The anti-transfer physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting device described above;

[0025] A server is used to store the original feature data and / or initial resistance value of the anti-counterfeiting label in the anti-transfer, physically clonable anti-counterfeiting device;

[0026] A verification terminal is used to collect the image and / or real-time resistance value of the anti-counterfeiting label, and compare the image and / or real-time resistance value with the original data and / or initial resistance value stored on the server to comprehensively determine the authenticity of the label and / or whether it has been transferred.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0028] 1. The present invention provides a method for preparing a physically non-cloning function (PUF) anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds. This method involves first dispersing a functional material system onto a heat-shrinkable substrate or an elastic material substrate to form a film, followed by a one-step processing step to obtain a PUF anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds. This method only requires one step of processing on the film-substrate bilayer structure to prepare the anti-counterfeiting PUF label. The surface of the label has multi-scale, irregularly distributed folds with an average fold width of 150-250 μm, which can be clearly captured by ordinary smartphone cameras. It has uniqueness and security, and can also be quickly and accurately verified for authenticity based on machine learning algorithms.

[0029] 2. The method for preparing the physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds provided by the present invention can achieve precise control of fold features by adjusting the deposition density.

[0030] 3. The method for preparing the anti-counterfeiting label based on the physical non-cloning function of random micro-nano folds provided by the present invention is simple and low in cost.

[0031] 4. The anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds and a physical non-cloning function prepared by the method of the present invention can also be flexibly endowed with multi-functional properties such as flexibility, stretchability, resistance to extreme environments and anti-transfer through subsequent adaptive modification processes.

[0032] 5. This invention also provides a method for applying the above-mentioned physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds, and provides an online verification platform based on machine learning algorithms, combined with the anti-counterfeiting label preparation method, to construct a complete technical solution from core anti-counterfeiting feature generation to multi-functional customization and intelligent verification, thereby broadening the application scenarios and market competitiveness of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the preparation process and verification of the PUF anti-counterfeiting label of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a photograph of the morphology of an anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds.

[0035] Figure 3 Image a is a morphological photograph of the PVA-rGO flexible label with PVA as the flexible substrate in Example 3; Figure 3 b is a morphological photograph of the Ecoflex-MMT stretchable label with silicone rubber as the stretchable substrate in Example 4. Figure 3 c is a scanning electron microscope image of the Ecoflex-MMT stretchable label with silicone rubber as the stretchable substrate in Example 4 before and after a 500% stretch test. Figure 3 The image d is a scanning electron microscope image of the Ecoflex-MMT stretchable label with silicone rubber as the stretchable substrate in Example 4 before and after 100 cycles of testing at 100% tensile strain.

[0036] Figure 4 The results of humidity and abrasion resistance tests are for the PDMS-MMT tag with a PDMS protective encapsulation layer in Example 5.

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the system configuration and test demonstration of an anti-transfer PUF tag system integrating near-field communication technology.

[0038] Figure 6This illustrates the regulation of fold characteristics by deposition density in Examples 1 and 2.

[0039] Figure 7 The mathematical distribution of the wrinkle features of the anti-counterfeiting labels in Examples 1 and 2.

[0040] Figure 8 SEM images of the labels from Examples 1 and 2, showing their resistance to strong acids and alkalis.

[0041] Figure 9 The morphological changes of the MMT-PUF in the high-temperature resistance test of Example 2 are shown.

[0042] Figure 10 The decision logic upon which the application example is based.

[0043] Figure 11 This is a distribution of the prediction scores of the machine learning-based validation model in an application example. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solution will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] In the following description, the term "and / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. A and B can be singular or plural.

[0046] In the following description, the terms “including,” “containing,” “having,” and “containing” are open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0047] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the following description of the embodiments of this application, the sequence of numbers does not imply the order of execution. Some or all steps may be executed in parallel or sequentially. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0048] Those skilled in the art will understand that the numerical ranges in the embodiments of this application should be understood to specifically disclose each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range. Each smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0049] Unless otherwise stated, the technical / scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. While this application describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this application. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0050] The technical principle underlying this invention is as follows: Based on a functional material that can form a film and whose film structure after film formation is a stable mechanical structure, a thin film-substrate bilayer structure is formed by combining it with a heat-shrinkable substrate. After a one-step heat-shrinking process, the in-plane compressive stress generated by the thermal shrinkage of the substrate causes the functional material film to undergo elastic buckling instability, spontaneously generating a micro-nano wrinkled structure with high randomness, uniqueness and non-cloning.

[0051] On the one hand, a method for preparing a physically non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro / nano folds is provided, and its preparation and verification process is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0052] Step 1: Prepare a functional material dispersion system; the functional material is a material that can form a stable mechanical structure through film formation and curing; the functional material includes one or more of the following: graphene oxide, montmorillonite, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, metal oxides, and conductive polymers; the functional material dispersion system is prepared by dispersing the functional material in a solvent;

[0053] Step 2: Form a film on a substrate by dispersing the functional material dispersion system to create a film-substrate bilayer structure. The substrate includes a heat-shrinkable substrate or an elastic material substrate. When the substrate is a heat-shrinkable substrate, the method for preparing the film-substrate bilayer structure includes: first preparing a functional material film, and then attaching the functional material film to the heat-shrinkable substrate; or, dispersing the functional material dispersion system onto the heat-shrinkable substrate and allowing the solvent to evaporate. Dispersing the functional material dispersion system onto the heat-shrinkable substrate includes spraying, brushing, or chemical deposition. The method for evaporating the solvent includes natural evaporation or vacuum deposition. When the substrate is an elastic material substrate, the method for preparing the film-substrate bilayer structure includes: first preparing a functional material film, and then attaching the functional material film to a substrate in a stretched state. The method for placing the substrate in a stretched state includes mechanical pre-stretching.

[0054] Step 3: The thin film-substrate bilayer structure is processed in one step to obtain a physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds; when the substrate is a heat-shrinkable substrate, the one-step processing is a one-step heat-shrinking process; when the substrate is an elastic material substrate, the one-step processing is to release tensile strain.

[0055] When a heat-shrinkable substrate is used as the base, the in-plane compressive stress generated by the thermal shrinkage of the substrate can be used to induce elastic buckling instability in the functional material film, thereby spontaneously generating a micro / nano-wrinkled structure with high randomness, uniqueness, and non-cloning properties. Elastic materials are materials that undergo reversible deformation under stress. When an elastic material substrate is used as the base, the compressive stress generated by the tensile state of the substrate and its rebound during recovery induces wrinkling in the functional material film, resulting in a PUF tag with random micro / nano-wrinkles.

[0056] In some embodiments, in step two, the deposition density of the functional material in the thin film-substrate bilayer structure is 0.01~0.9 mg / cm³. 2 Preferably, the deposition density is 0.2~0.6 mg / cm³. 2 .

[0057] Determining the deposition density of functional materials using quantitative gradient experiments ensures that the functional material film forms a stable, non-clonal wrinkle structure during thermal shrinkage or tensile strain release, and that the wrinkle feature size is suitable for recognition by ordinary smartphone cameras. This is especially true when the deposition density is below 0.2 mg / cm³. 2 When the film is too thin, it is easily broken and difficult to form complete wrinkles. When the deposition density is higher than 0.6 mg / cm³, the film is also prone to breakage. 2 If the film is too thick, it may result in poor adhesion to the substrate or excessively large wrinkles, reducing anti-counterfeiting security.

[0058] In some embodiments, in step two, the film thickness formed by the functional material dispersion system is 500 nm to 10 μm.

[0059] The film thickness is based on a deposition density of 0.2–0.6 mg / cm³. 2 This imparts elastic modulus and flexural stiffness to functional material films, enabling them to buckle effectively under subsequent thermal shrinkage stress and form high-quality random wrinkles.

[0060] In some embodiments, the temperature of the heat shrinking process in step three is 80~150 ℃; preferably, the temperature of the heat shrinking process is 120~150 ℃.

[0061] This temperature range ensures that the heat-shrinkable substrate undergoes sufficient and rapid thermal shrinkage, thereby accumulating enough compressive stress in the functional material film to induce buckling, while avoiding excessive temperature that could lead to functional material decomposition or excessive softening of the substrate.

[0062] In some embodiments, the heat-shrinkable substrate includes a one-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate, a two-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate, or a multi-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate; the one-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate includes heat-shrinkable filaments, heat-shrinkable films, or heat-shrinkable rods; the two-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate includes heat-shrinkable substrates; and the multi-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate includes heat-shrinkable tubes, heat-shrinkable spheres, or heat-shrinkable cubes. In some preferred embodiments, the heat-shrinkable substrate is a polystyrene heat-shrinkable film; and the elastic material substrate includes flexible plastic or flexible paper.

[0063] In some embodiments, the macroscopic wrinkle width of the physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano wrinkles is 100~300 μm.

[0064] The characteristics of this size range can be clearly captured by a regular smartphone camera, without the need for special equipment, making it convenient for anti-counterfeiting verification.

[0065] In some preferred embodiments, the functional material includes graphene oxide, and the method for preparing the anti-counterfeiting label based on a physically unclonable function of random micro-nano wrinkles includes:

[0066] A graphene oxide dispersion system was prepared according to a preset deposition density; the graphene oxide dispersion system was obtained by dispersing graphene oxide dispersion in water.

[0067] The graphene oxide dispersion system is filtered using a filtration device with a filter membrane to obtain a filter membrane with a uniform graphene oxide film. The membrane is then separated to obtain a graphene oxide film.

[0068] A graphene oxide film is attached to a polystyrene heat-shrink film substrate or a polydimethylsiloxane film substrate in a stretched state to form a double-layer structure in which the graphene oxide film and the substrate are tightly attached.

[0069] When the substrate is a polystyrene heat-shrinkable film substrate, the double-layer structure is heat-shrinked at 120~150 ℃ for 10~20 minutes to obtain a physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano wrinkles; when the substrate is a polydimethylsiloxane film substrate in a stretched state, the tensile strain of the above double-layer structure is released, and wrinkling is induced by the compressive stress generated by the rebound to obtain a physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano wrinkles.

[0070] The functional material is montmorillonite, and the method for preparing a physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds includes:

[0071] Prepare a sodium-based montmorillonite solution according to the preset deposition density;

[0072] The sodium-based montmorillonite solution was dropped onto the center of the polystyrene heat shrink film, and then stirred with a needle to spread the sodium-based montmorillonite solution evenly on the surface of the heat shrink film. After standing at room temperature, a double-layer structure with the montmorillonite film tightly attached to the heat shrink film was obtained.

[0073] The double-layer structure is subjected to heat shrinkage treatment at 120~150 ℃ for 10~20 minutes to obtain a physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds.

[0074] On the other hand, a method is provided for adaptively modifying a physically non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds, wherein the adaptive modification includes endowing the label with flexibility, stretchability, or protective properties; the method of adaptive modification includes:

[0075] Using the aforementioned anti-counterfeiting label based on the physical non-cloning function of random micro-nano folds as the base film, an adaptive solution is applied and cured to form a film;

[0076] When the adaptive modification is to impart flexibility or stretchability to the label, it also includes removing the substrate after curing into a film.

[0077] The basic PUF label prepared by the method of this invention can be given diverse functions such as flexibility, stretchability and protection suitable for industrial needs through simple post-processing, thereby realizing flexible customization of the label and improving its overall performance.

[0078] In some embodiments, the adaptability solution includes a polyvinyl alcohol solution, liquid silicone rubber, or polydimethylsiloxane.

[0079] Polyvinyl alcohol solution is an adaptive solution that imparts flexibility to the label. By dissolving the original rigid substrate and transferring the wrinkled layer onto the flexible polyvinyl alcohol substrate, it gives the label excellent flexibility, enabling it to adhere to various irregular surfaces. Liquid silicone rubber, as a typical high elastomer, gives the label excellent stretchability after being combined with the wrinkles. It can withstand up to 500% strain or 100% tensile strain for 100 cycles while maintaining the integrity of the macroscopic anti-counterfeiting features. The coating of the polydimethylsiloxane transparent protective layer significantly improves the label's abrasion resistance and environmental corrosion resistance, giving it long-term reliability in harsh environments.

[0080] On the other hand, a physically non-cloning function (PCF) anti-counterfeiting label prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing a PCF anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds is provided, or a PCF anti-counterfeiting label prepared by the above-mentioned method for adaptively modifying a PCF anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds is provided.

[0081] On the other hand, a transfer-resistant physical no-cloning function (PNOF) anti-counterfeiting device is provided, comprising a PNOF anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method of the PNOF anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds, wherein the functional material therein is a conductive functional material; the PNOF anti-transfer-resistant device further comprises a circuit module capable of monitoring the resistance change of the anti-counterfeiting label, wherein the circuit module is electrically connected to the anti-counterfeiting label.

[0082] The conductive functional material has conductive properties and acts as a variable resistor after forming the anti-counterfeiting label. The resistance value of the anti-counterfeiting label is the initial resistance value. When the anti-counterfeiting label is physically damaged or transferred, the resistance value changes irreversibly, and the changed resistance value is monitored by the circuit module.

[0083] Furthermore, a verification method for the aforementioned anti-counterfeiting label based on a physically non-cloning function of random micro-nano wrinkles is provided, comprising:

[0084] The wrinkle feature image of the physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label is acquired using an image acquisition device;

[0085] The wrinkle feature image is compared with the pre-stored original feature data of the physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label, and a prediction score is output.

[0086] The authenticity of the physical unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label is determined based on whether the predicted score reaches a preset threshold.

[0087] In some embodiments, the image acquisition device is a smartphone camera; the comparison is achieved through a deep learning model.

[0088] On the other hand, an anti-counterfeiting system is provided, including:

[0089] The aforementioned anti-transfer physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting device;

[0090] A server is used to store the original feature data and / or initial resistance value of the anti-counterfeiting label in the anti-transfer, physically clonable anti-counterfeiting device;

[0091] A verification terminal is used to collect the image and / or real-time resistance value of the anti-counterfeiting label, and compare the image and / or real-time resistance value with the original data and / or initial resistance value stored on the server to comprehensively determine the authenticity of the label and / or whether it has been transferred.

[0092] Prior to the application for this invention, a series of experiments were conducted. Some of the experimental results are listed below to provide a more detailed description of the invention. The following is a detailed description in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0093] Example 1

[0094] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a randomly micro / nano wrinkled, physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label (graphene oxide), including the following steps:

[0095] 1. Take 1.885 mL of a 2 mg / mL graphene oxide dispersion and mix thoroughly with 2 mL of purified water to obtain the deposition system; this amount results in a theoretical deposition density of 0.3 mg / cm³ for graphene oxide (GO) on the heat-shrinkable film. 2 The graphene oxide has an average radial dimension of 40-50 μm and a thickness of 1 nm, and is product number S992589, purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the deposition density is calculated using the formula ρ. s =CV / S, where ρ s Deposition density, mg / cm³ 2 C is the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion (mg / mL), V is the volume of the graphene oxide dispersion used (mL), and S is the effective filtration film area (cm²). 2 The effective film diameter is 4 cm, and the thickness (S) is 12.57 cm. 2 ;

[0096] 2. Fix a polyvinylidene fluoride filter membrane onto the filter seat of the vacuum filtration device, and then pour the entire system to be deposited in step 1 into the vacuum filtration funnel for vacuum filtration to form a uniform GO film on the filter membrane; the polyvinylidene fluoride filter membrane is polyvinylidene fluoride GVHP04700, with a diameter of 47 mm, purchased from Merck Group, Germany.

[0097] 3. After the GO membrane and filter membrane are completely dry, immerse them in anhydrous ethanol. After thorough immersion, use tweezers to gently separate the intact GO membrane from the filter membrane from the edge. The diameter of the separated GO membrane is 42 mm. The anhydrous ethanol is analytical grade, 99.7%, purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0098] 4. Using scissors, cut the heat shrink film with a lateral and longitudinal shrinkage rate of 50% to a size of 50 mm × 50 mm. Then, place it in an oxygen plasma cleaner for surface treatment to enhance hydrophilicity. After treatment, place it in anhydrous ethanol. Smoothly attach the GO film obtained in step 3 onto the surface of the treated heat shrink film. After drying, a double-layer structure is formed in which the GO film and the heat shrink film are tightly bonded. The heat shrink film is polystyrene heat shrink film, model KSF50-C, with a lateral and longitudinal shrinkage rate of 50%, purchased from GRAFIX, USA. The gas introduced during the surface treatment is air.

[0099] 5. Place the double-layer structure obtained in step 4 in a forced-air drying oven and perform heat shrinkage treatment at 130 ℃ for 15 minutes. During the treatment, GO is partially reduced to reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and the heat shrink film shrinks, inducing random micro-nano wrinkles on the surface of the rGO film. After removal, the anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano wrinkles (rGO-PUF) is obtained.

[0100] Example 2

[0101] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a random micro / nano wrinkled, physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label (montmorillonite), including the following steps:

[0102] 1. Preparation of montmorillonite dispersion: Accurately weigh sodium montmorillonite powder (MMT), mix with purified water to prepare an initial solution of 10 mg / mL, sonicate the initial solution in a water bath for 2 hours, then magnetically stir at room temperature for 12 hours, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 1 hour, collect the supernatant to obtain an MMT dispersion with uniform concentration and good stability; the sodium montmorillonite powder is PGW, purchased from Nanocor, USA; the concentration of the MMT dispersion is approximately 7.8 mg / mL;

[0103] 2. Cut the heat shrink film into 40 mm × 40 mm sizes using scissors, and treat it with an oxygen plasma cleaner to obtain the treated heat shrink film. Use a pipette to draw 0.246 ml of the above MMT dispersion and drop it onto the center of the treated heat shrink film. Then, gently stir it with a needle to spread the dispersion evenly on the surface of the heat shrink film. The heat shrink film is the same as in Example 1.

[0104] 3. The heat-shrinkable film with MMT dispersion spread in step 2 was left to stand at room temperature until all moisture evaporated naturally, resulting in a bilayer structure where the MMT film is tightly adhered to the heat-shrinkable film; this dosage resulted in a theoretical deposition density of MMT of 0.3 mg / cm³. 2 The formula for calculating the theoretical deposition density is basically the same as that in Implementation 1, where S is... C is the concentration of MMT, 7.8 mg / mL, and V is the volume of MMT dispersion taken.

[0105] 4. Place the double-layer structure obtained in step 3 in a forced-air drying oven and heat shrink it at 130 ℃ for 15 minutes. After taking it out, you will get the anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds (MMT-PUF).

[0106] Example 3

[0107] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a random micro / nano wrinkled, physically non-cloning function (PCF) anti-counterfeiting label. The method involves post-processing the rGO-PUF obtained in Example 1 to improve its flexibility, and includes the following steps:

[0108] 1. Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol solution: PVA particles and purified water are mixed at a mass ratio of 9:1. The mixture is heated in a water bath at 110 °C while being magnetically stirred until the PVA is completely dissolved, resulting in a homogeneous and transparent PVA solution. The solution is then cooled to room temperature for later use. The PVA particles have a degree of alcoholysis of 95% and were purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0109] 2. Using a brush coating method, the PVA solution cooled in step 1 is uniformly coated onto the entire wrinkled surface of the rGO-PUF obtained in Example 1. The coating amount is determined to completely cover the wrinkled area and form a continuous and uniform liquid film. The film is cured at room temperature to form a continuous PVA film, thus obtaining a "PVA-rGO-heat shrink film" composite structure.

[0110] 3. The "PVA-rGO-heat shrink film" composite structure obtained in step 2 is completely immersed in ethyl acetate until the polystyrene heat shrink film substrate is completely dissolved; the ethyl acetate concentration is 99% and it was purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0111] 4. The structure after dissolving the substrate was removed from the ethyl acetate and gently washed with anhydrous ethanol to remove residual solvent, finally obtaining a PVA-rGO flexible anti-counterfeiting label with PVA as the flexible substrate.

[0112] Example 4

[0113] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a random micro / nano wrinkled, physically non-cloning function (MMT-PUF) anti-counterfeiting label. The method involves post-processing the MMT-PUF obtained in Example 2 to improve its stretchability. The preparation method includes:

[0114] 1. Mix components A and B of the silicone rubber rapidly and thoroughly at a mass ratio of 1:1, then place the mixture in a vacuum defoamer for 1 minute to degas, thereby obtaining liquid silicone rubber; the silicone rubber is Ecoflex 00-35 FAST, purchased from Smooth On, USA.

[0115] 2. Immediately place the MMT-PUF obtained in Example 2 into the liquid silicone rubber of Step 1 with the wrinkled side facing down, and let it stand to solidify, so that the MMT-PUF and silicone rubber are tightly bonded; the thickness of the silicone rubber substrate after solidification is 0.3~0.5 mm.

[0116] 3. After the silicone rubber has fully cured, immerse the entire structure in ethyl acetate to dissolve and remove the original heat-shrink film substrate;

[0117] 4. Clean with ethanol, cut off the part containing the wrinkle features, and you will get the Ecoflex-MMT stretchable anti-counterfeiting label with silicone rubber as the stretchable substrate.

[0118] Example 5

[0119] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a random micro / nano wrinkled, physically non-cloning function (PCF) anti-counterfeiting label. The method involves post-processing the MMT-PUF obtained in Example 2 to improve its protective performance. The preparation method includes:

[0120] 1. The base agent and curing agent of polydimethylsiloxane are thoroughly mixed and stirred at a mass ratio of 10:1, and then placed in a vacuum environment for degassing to obtain the degassed PDMS prepolymer; the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is of the Sylgard184 type and was purchased from Merck Group, Germany;

[0121] 2. The degassed PDMS prepolymer was dropped onto the wrinkled surface of the MMT-PUF obtained in Example 2. The amount of dropping was controlled so that after natural leveling, it could completely cover the wrinkled area and form a uniform thin protective film. Vacuum treatment was performed again to remove air bubbles. The film was allowed to stand to level and cover the entire label surface. Then it was placed in an oven for heating and curing. The oven temperature was 70 °C and the curing time was 3 hours.

[0122] 3. After the front PDMS has cured, repeat steps 1 and 2 to coat and cure a layer of PDMS on the back of the label, and finally obtain a PDMS-MMT anti-counterfeiting label with a PDMS protective encapsulation layer.

[0123] Examples 3-5 show that the basic PUF label of Example 1 or Example 2 can be endowed with diverse functions such as flexibility, stretchability and protection through a simple post-processing process.

[0124] Comparative Example 1

[0125] This comparative example aims to examine the effect of deposition density on the formation of folded structures and provides a method for preparing anti-counterfeiting labels with random micro / nano folds and physical non-cloning functions. It is the same as Example 1, except that the amount of GO dispersion used is 0.0628 mL (theoretical deposition density is 0.01 mg / cm³). 2 ).

[0126] The results showed that the obtained film was too thin and had extremely poor mechanical strength. It broke up in large areas when peeled off from the filter membrane, making it impossible to obtain a complete GO film. Furthermore, the wrinkled structure was unstable and discontinuous, making it unsuitable as an effective PUF label.

[0127] Comparative Example 2

[0128] This comparative example aims to examine the effect of deposition density on the formation of folded structures and provides a method for preparing anti-counterfeiting labels with random micro / nano folds and physically non-cloning functions. It is the same as Example 1, except that the amount of GO dispersion used is 5.0265 mL (theoretical deposition density is 0.8 mg / cm³). 2 ).

[0129] The results showed that when the film was too thick, the adhesion between it and the heat-shrinkable film was weakened, and the film and the substrate were partially separated during the heat shrinking process. The resulting wrinkles had poor stability, were too large (millimeter level), significantly reduced stability, and poor anti-counterfeiting effectiveness.

[0130] Example 6

[0131] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a physically non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro / nano folds (silver nanowire / graphene oxide composite structure), which is the same as in Example 1, except that:

[0132] In step 1, the method for preparing the deposition system includes: taking 1.885 mL of graphene oxide dispersion with a concentration of 2 mg / mL and mixing it thoroughly with 2 mL of purified water, adding 0.1 mL of silver nanowire dispersion with a concentration of 10 mg / mL, and shaking thoroughly to mix evenly to obtain the deposition system; the solvent in the silver nanowire dispersion is water, and the silver nanowires have a diameter of 100~150 nm and were purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0133] In this embodiment, a randomly distributed conductive network of silver nanowires is introduced inside the micro-nano wrinkled structure. The random arrangement of the silver nanowires works in conjunction with the random wrinkles of the graphene oxide to form a dual anti-counterfeiting feature, which can further enhance the anti-counterfeiting security level of the label.

[0134] Example 7

[0135] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a physically non-clonable function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro / nano wrinkles (non-thermal shrinkable substrate / mechanical stretching induced), which is the same as Example 1, except that:

[0136] The method for preparing a physically non-cloning function (PCN) anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano wrinkles from the GO film obtained in step 3 is as follows: A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with a thickness of 0.2~0.5 mm is used as a flexible substrate. The PDMS film is fixed on a stretching device and pre-stretched uniaxially. While maintaining the pre-stretched state, it is placed in an oxygen plasma cleaner for surface treatment. Subsequently, the GO film obtained in step 3 is flatly attached to the surface of the pre-stretched PDMS film with the assistance of anhydrous ethanol. After the ethanol evaporates and dries, the pre-stretch strain of the PDMS film is slowly released. The compressive stress generated by the rebound induces wrinkling in the GO film, thus obtaining the PCN anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano wrinkles. The PDMS film has the product number 433012 and was purchased from Merck Group.

[0137] In this embodiment, mechanical pre-stretching-release was used to replace the heat shrinking process, and a PUF tag with random micro-nano wrinkles was successfully prepared on a non-heat shrinkable flexible elastomer substrate.

[0138] Example 8

[0139] This embodiment provides an anti-transfer physically non-cloning function (PUF) anti-counterfeiting device, including the PUF anti-counterfeiting tag based on random micro-nano folds as described in the above embodiment, wherein the functional material is a conductive functional material; the anti-transfer PUF anti-counterfeiting device further includes a circuit module capable of monitoring the resistance change of the anti-counterfeiting tag, the circuit module being electrically connected to the anti-counterfeiting tag; specifically, this embodiment provides a method for preparing an anti-transfer PUF tag system integrating near-field communication technology, including:

[0140] 1. Using the rGO-PUF of Example 1 as a tag, in order to obtain conductivity that meets the requirements of circuit monitoring, the tag was placed in a forced-air drying oven and heat-treated at 150°C for 100 hours for deep reduction. After the heat treatment, its initial resistance R range was measured. The initial resistance R was 20 kΩ to 30 kΩ.

[0141] 2. Provide an NFC patch with a size of 12 mm × 12 mm. The NFC patch integrates a voltage divider measurement circuit, which can accurately read the resistance value of the external resistor connected to it and send the resistance data to the smart terminal.

[0142] 3. Using conductive silver paste, the rGO-PUF tag and the NFC patch obtained in step 2 are stably connected in the circuit to form a complete anti-transfer and anti-counterfeiting tag system with resistance monitoring function.

[0143] Performance Evaluation

[0144] Figure 2These are morphological images of anti-counterfeiting labels based on random micro-nano wrinkles, in which... Figure 2 Photograph 'a' is a morphological image of rGO-PUF from Example 1. Figure 2 Photob is a morphological photograph of the MMT-PUF in Example 2. It can be seen that the surface of the PUF label of the present invention has a multi-scale, irregularly distributed wrinkle structure with an average wrinkle width of 150-250 μm, which can be clearly captured by ordinary smartphone cameras and is suitable for subsequent anti-counterfeiting verification.

[0145] Figure 3 Photo a is a morphological image of the PVA-rGO flexible label with PVA as the flexible substrate in Example 3. It can be seen that the flexible label retains the original random wrinkle features and has excellent flexibility, which can be attached to the surface of irregular products.

[0146] Figure 3 Image b is a morphological photograph of the Ecoflex-MMT stretchable label with silicone rubber as the stretchable substrate in Example 4. Figure 3 Figure c shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the Ecoflex-MMT stretchable label with silicone rubber as the stretchable substrate in Example 4 before and after a 500% stretch test. The upper image of Figure c is before stretching, and the lower image is after stretch recovery. Figure 3 Figure d shows the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the Ecoflex-MMT stretchable label with silicone rubber as the stretchable substrate in Example 4 before and after 100 cycles of cyclic tensile strain testing. The upper image of Figure d is before the cyclic tensile test, and the lower image is after recovery from the cyclic tensile test. The tensile test method refers to GB / T528-2009 "Determination of Tensile Stress-Strain Properties of Vulcanized Rubber or Thermoplastic Rubber". All tensile tests were uniaxial tensile tests at room temperature and the tensile rate was 500 mm / min. After recovery from the tensile test, the wrinkle morphology of the label was not significantly different from that before the tensile test, and the macroscopic features were not lost. This indicates that the label of the present invention can withstand tensile strain of up to 500% and cyclic tensile strain, and is suitable for elastic fabrics, wearable devices and other scenarios that require large deformation.

[0147] Figure 4 The results of humidity and abrasion resistance tests on the PDMS-MMT tag with a PDMS protective encapsulation layer in Example 5 are shown below. Figure 4 (a) shows photos before and after the humidity resistance test. Figure 4 (b) is a photograph of the label to be tested after soaking for 12 hours. Figure 4 (c) is a photograph of the label to be tested before the abrasion resistance test, where the box marks the macroscopic features of the label to be tested. Figure 4(d) is a photograph of the morphology of the label after the abrasion resistance test. The humidity resistance test was based on the full immersion method, where the label was completely immersed in deionized water at room temperature. The abrasion resistance test used the linear reciprocating friction method, where the label was fixed on a horizontal test platform, a 2 N weight was applied vertically to its surface, and then linear reciprocating friction was performed. The test results showed that the label remained unchanged after 12 hours of immersion in water. After 200 cycles of friction (2 N load), fine scratches appeared on the PDMS protective layer. The larger features of the PDMS-MMT label remained largely consistent with those before the test; that is, although the PDMS-MMT label showed wear, the macroscopic wrinkles were still clearly discernible, demonstrating excellent abrasion resistance and liquid corrosion resistance.

[0148] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the system configuration and test demonstration of the anti-transfer PUF tag system integrating near-field communication technology as described in Example 8. Figure 5 'a' is a schematic diagram of the system configuration. Figure 5 Figure b is a functional test demonstration diagram. The test method includes: connecting the tag under test, the NFC tag, and the NFC reader; a curve appears, indicating that a resistance value has been read. Removing the tag causes the curve to disappear, indicating that no resistance value has been read. Cutting the tag increases the resistance value as the cut area increases, indicating that the tag has been forcibly damaged. The resistance value change can be used to determine whether the tag has been forcibly damaged or transferred by monitoring the resistance value. It can be seen that by combining physical wrinkle features with NFC electronic monitoring, an anti-transfer system can be constructed. When the tag is forcibly torn, causing a change in resistance, the system can issue an immediate warning. This invention integrates a reduced graphene oxide tag (rGO-PUF) with conductive properties with a near-field communication circuit module to construct a dual security system from physical to electronic, integrating physical non-cloning features and real-time electronic anti-transfer monitoring.

[0149] Figure 6 The regulation of sediment density on fold characteristics; where: Figure 6 Figure 'a' shows the statistical relationship between the wrinkle width of the rGO tag and the deposition density. The method for preparing each tag is the same as in Example 1, the only difference being the amount of graphene oxide dispersion used, resulting in different theoretical deposition densities. For example, the deposition density in Example 1 is 0.3 mg / cm³. 2 ; Figure 6 Figure b shows the statistical relationship between the width of the MMT tag wrinkles and the deposition density. The method for preparing each tag is the same as in Example 2, the only difference being the amount of sodium montmorillonite powder used, resulting in different theoretical deposition densities. For example, the deposition density in Example 1 is 0.3 mg / cm³. 2 ;based on Figure 6As can be seen, the method of this invention can prepare anti-counterfeiting tags based on random micro-nano folds and physical non-cloning functions. By adjusting the deposition density of the functional material, anti-counterfeiting tags with preset fold widths can be prepared. This invention can achieve deposition densities from 0.01 to 1 mg / cm³. 2 Quantitative control within a certain range is crucial; sedimentation density has a key impact on the quality and applicability of folded structures. When the sedimentation density is below 0.2 mg / cm³, the sedimentation density is particularly important. 2 At that time (as in Comparative Example 1, the deposition density was 0.1 mg / cm³). 2 Thin films are easily broken and difficult to form complete wrinkled structures when the deposition density exceeds 0.6 mg / cm³. 2 and approaching 1 mg / cm 2 At that time (as shown in Comparative Example 2, the deposition density was 0.8 mg / cm³). 2 This means that poor adhesion and excessive wrinkles occur, significantly reducing the stability and anti-counterfeiting effectiveness of the resulting wrinkled structure. Therefore, to achieve a stable and reliable anti-counterfeiting feature suitable for smartphone recognition, the deposition density is preferably controlled between 0.2 and 0.6 mg / cm³. 2 Within this range, the fold width exhibits a good linear growth pattern with increasing deposition density (from about 100 μm to about 300 μm). This invention can achieve precise control over the scale and morphology of random fold features, and can produce PUF anti-counterfeiting labels that are highly random and unique, and whose key features can be clearly captured by ordinary mobile phone cameras.

[0150] Figure 7 The mathematical distribution of the fold features; where, Figure 7 'a' represents the normal distribution fitting curve of the rGO-PUF fold amplitude in Example 1. Figure 7 b represents the log-normal distribution fitting curve of the rGO-PUF fold wavelength in Example 1. Figure 7 c represents the normal distribution fitting curve of the MMT-PUF fold amplitude in Example 2. Figure 7 d represents the log-normal distribution fitting curve of the MMT-PUF wrinkle wavelength in Example 2. The amplitude of the wrinkles on the label surface prepared in Examples 1 and 2 conforms to a normal distribution, and the wavelength conforms to a log-normal distribution, demonstrating their inherent physical randomness. Theoretical calculations show that at 300 mm... 2 On a tag area of ​​30,000 bits, its encoding capacity is as high as 30,000 bits, theoretically capable of generating approximately 2 30000 Each unique label fundamentally guarantees its unclonability and uniqueness.

[0151] Figure 8SEM images of the labels from Examples 1 and 2 show the results of acid and alkali resistance tests. The acid resistance test reagent was 68% nitric acid, and the alkali resistance test reagent was 50% sodium hydroxide solution. The test method employed was the surface droplet etching method: the aforementioned strong acid or alkali was dropped onto the surface of the wrinkled layer of the label to be tested, left to stand for 2 hours, then rinsed with plenty of water to remove residual etching solution. After drying, the labels were characterized. SEM images of the labels before and after treatment are shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the microscopic wrinkle morphology of the label remains stable before and after treatment, and the macroscopic optical characteristics do not change, demonstrating excellent resistance to strong acids and alkalis.

[0152] Figure 9 The morphological changes of the MMT-PUF in the high-temperature resistance test of Example 2 were observed. The test method included: calcining the MMT-PUF in a high-temperature tube furnace at 1000°C for 30 min. Scanning electron microscope images of the label before and after calcination are shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the macroscopic wrinkled structure of the label remains clearly visible after burning, demonstrating its excellent high-temperature resistance and suitability for extreme environments such as aerospace and high-temperature processing.

[0153] Application examples

[0154] This application example provides an online anti-counterfeiting and anti-transfer verification method for PUF labels. This method is implemented based on a cloud system platform and specifically includes the following steps:

[0155] Step 1: Anti-counterfeiting information collection:

[0156] Users initiate the verification process through an application on their smart devices, which specifically includes:

[0157] Step 101: First, use the camera of a smartphone to take a picture of any of the PUF tags in Examples 1 to 7, obtain an optical image containing random wrinkle features on the tag surface, and upload it to the application. For the anti-transfer tag system with an integrated NFC module as described in Example 8, follow the application guidance to bring the smartphone close to the tag system of Example 8, so that the real-time resistance information of the tag measured by the NFC module is automatically read and uploaded; the application is a self-developed application.

[0158] Step 2: Image preprocessing and feature comparison:

[0159] After receiving the image uploaded by the user, the application's backend server automatically performs preprocessing and feature comparison, outputting a predicted score representing the degree of matching. This step is automatically run by the application, and its basic mechanism is to use image segmentation technology to accurately segment the main region of wrinkle features from the uploaded image to eliminate background interference. Subsequently, this region is standardized and cropped to form image data suitable for model input. This image data is then input into the Transformer deep learning model and compared with the pre-stored original feature data of the label in the database, outputting a predicted score representing the degree of matching. The pre-stored original feature data of the label in the database... This refers to the pre-trained model parameters generated during the label initialization and input process. The implementation method is as follows: Before issuance, multi-dimensional image acquisition is performed on each anti-counterfeiting label using an image acquisition device. The dimensions include the direction of illumination, shooting angle, and rotation orientation. The acquired images are used to construct a training dataset containing a large number of label images. Each label is an independent category. Subsequently, the training dataset is input into a deep learning network model for supervised training, so that the model learns and encodes the unique random micro-nano wrinkle texture features of each label. Finally, the classification model file containing the feature weights of all legal labels is obtained after the training converges, which is the original feature data stored on the server.

[0160] Step 3: Comprehensive judgment of authenticity and anti-transfer measures:

[0161] Based on the results of steps one and two, and according to the threshold determination mechanism, the following steps are performed: Figure 10 The judgment logic shown determines whether the label is genuine or fake:

[0162] The preset threshold of 0.8 was determined based on statistical analysis of the prediction score distribution of a large number of real and fake label images. Figure 11 The statistical results show that the predicted scores of genuine labels are generally higher than this threshold, while the scores of fake or invalid labels are significantly lower than this threshold. This threshold can effectively distinguish between genuine and fake labels.

[0163] The judgment process also includes a retry mechanism: a. If the predicted score is ≥ 0.8 and the NFC resistance value is normal (if applicable), it is judged as genuine; b. If the predicted score is ≥ 0.8, but the NFC resistance value is abnormal, it is judged as an anti-transfer warning; c. If the predicted score is < 0.8, it indicates verification failure. This situation may be caused by shooting error or the tag itself being counterfeit. The system allows users to re-verify. If the highest score is still < 0.8 after 3 consecutive verifications, the tag is ultimately judged as fake.

[0164] The accuracy of the verification method provided in this application example was verified through the following experiments: A dataset consisting of over 1500 test images collected under different environments and containing 390 independent PUF tags was used for testing. The accuracy rate reached 100%. Furthermore, under standard computing conditions, the average time for a single verification process was less than 200 milliseconds. This verification method combines extremely high accuracy with excellent real-time performance, meeting the needs of efficient and reliable anti-counterfeiting verification in practical applications. This application example provides an online verification platform based on machine learning algorithms. Combined with the preparation of anti-counterfeiting tags in various embodiments, it constructs a complete technical solution from core anti-counterfeiting feature generation to multi-functional customization and intelligent verification.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro / nano folds, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Prepare the functional material dispersion system; Step 2: The functional material dispersion system is deposited on a substrate to form a film, thereby creating a thin film-substrate bilayer structure; The substrate includes a heat-shrinkable substrate or an elastic material substrate; Step 3: The thin film-substrate bilayer structure is processed in one step to obtain a physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds.

2. The method for preparing a physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro / nano folds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds has a macroscopic fold width of 100~300 μm.

3. The method for preparing a physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro / nano folds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the functional material includes one or more of the following: graphene oxide, montmorillonite, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, metal oxides, and conductive polymers; and / or, in step two, the deposition density of the functional material is 0.01~0.9 mg / cm³. 2 ; and / or, in step two, the heat-shrinkable substrate includes a one-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate, a two-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate, or a multi-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate; and / or, in step two, when the substrate is a heat-shrinkable substrate, the method for preparing a film-substrate bilayer structure includes: first preparing a functional material film, and then attaching the functional material film to the heat-shrinkable substrate, or dispersing the functional material dispersion system onto the heat-shrinkable substrate and evaporating the solvent; when the substrate is an elastic material substrate, the method for preparing a film-substrate bilayer structure includes: first preparing a functional material film, and attaching the functional material film to an elastic material substrate in a stretched state; and / or, in step three, when the substrate is a heat-shrinkable substrate, the step-by-step processing is a step-by-step heat-shrinking process, and the temperature of the step-by-step heat-shrinking process is 80~150 ℃; when the substrate is an elastic material substrate, the step-by-step processing is releasing the tensile strain.

4. The method for preparing a physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro / nano wrinkles according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step two, the deposition density of the functional material is 0.2~0.6 mg / cm³. 2 In step two, the one-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate includes heat-shrinkable filaments, heat-shrinkable films, or heat-shrinkable rods; the two-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate includes heat-shrinkable substrates; and the multi-dimensional heat-shrinkable substrate includes heat-shrinkable tubes, heat-shrinkable spheres, or heat-shrinkable cubes. In step three, the temperature of the one-step heat-shrinking process is 120~150 ℃.

5. A method for adaptively modifying a physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro / nano folds, characterized in that, The adaptive modification includes imparting flexibility, stretchability, or protective properties to the label; the method of adaptive modification includes: Using the physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds prepared by the preparation method of the physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 as the base film, an adaptive solution is applied and cured to form a film. When the adaptive modification is to impart flexibility or stretchability to the label, it also includes removing the substrate after curing into a film.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adaptability solution includes polyvinyl alcohol solution, liquid silicone rubber, or polydimethylsiloxane.

7. A physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label, characterized in that, The physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label is prepared by the method of preparing a physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, or by the method of adaptively modifying a physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds as described in any one of claims 5 to 6.

8. A device for preventing the transfer of physically unclonable functions as an anti-counterfeiting method, characterized in that, The device includes a physical non-cloning function (PNF) anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds, prepared by the preparation method of the PNF anti-counterfeiting label based on random micro-nano folds as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the functional material therein is a conductive functional material; the anti-transfer PNF anti-counterfeiting device further includes a circuit module that can monitor the resistance change of the anti-counterfeiting label, and the circuit module is electrically connected to the anti-counterfeiting label.

9. A method for verifying anti-counterfeiting, characterized in that, The anti-counterfeiting label based on the physically unclonable function as described in claim 7 includes: The wrinkle feature image of the physically unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label is acquired using an image acquisition device; The wrinkle feature image is compared with the pre-stored original feature data of the physical non-cloning function anti-counterfeiting label, and a prediction score is output. The authenticity of the physical unclonable function anti-counterfeiting label is determined based on whether the predicted score reaches a preset threshold.

10. An anti-counterfeiting system, characterized in that, include: The anti-counterfeiting device with a physical non-cloning function as described in claim 8; A server is used to store the original feature data and / or initial resistance value of the anti-counterfeiting label in the anti-transfer, physically clonable anti-counterfeiting device; A verification terminal is used to collect the image and / or real-time resistance value of the anti-counterfeiting label, and compare the image and / or real-time resistance value with the original data and / or initial resistance value stored on the server to comprehensively determine the authenticity of the label and / or whether it has been transferred.

Images