Energy storage system, electric cabinet and battery cluster management unit

Abstract

The invention provides an energy storage system, an electric cabinet and a battery cluster management unit. Wherein the energy storage system comprises an upper-layer control system, a sub-module controller, a battery system management unit and a first electric cabinet; wherein the sub-module controller and the battery system management unit are respectively connected with the upper-layer control system, and the sub-module controller is connected with the battery system management unit; the first electric cabinet is connected with the battery system management unit; the first electric cabinet is also connected with the sub-module controller or the upper-layer control system; the first electric cabinet is used for sending battery information of the first electric cabinet to the battery system management unit, and the battery system management unit is used for sending the received battery information of the first electric cabinet to the sub-module controller and the upper-layer control system; and the first electric cabinet is also used for sending the battery information of the first electric cabinet to the sub-module controller or sending the battery information of the first electric cabinet to the upper-layer control system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power technology, including but not limited to energy storage systems and electrical cabinets, battery cluster management units. Background Technology

[0002] Compared with traditional energy storage devices, high-voltage, high-capacity energy storage systems have three main advantages: 1) They enhance the grid regulation capability of flexible DC transmission systems, thus playing a positive role in grid support; 2) They are suitable for applications where offshore wind power is transmitted via flexible DC, offering broader application prospects; 3) They employ an integrated modular design, resulting in lower system losses, better economic benefits, and higher operational reliability. Therefore, high-voltage, high-capacity energy storage systems are of significant research importance for new power systems based primarily on new energy sources.

[0003] In an energy storage system, the battery system plays a crucial role in monitoring the battery system. If battery information is lost (including battery status, state of charge (SOC), and cabinet current), it threatens the safety of the entire energy storage system and causes the entire system to shut down. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The energy storage system and cabinet, battery cluster management unit provided in this application include:

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage system, comprising: an upper-level control system, a submodule controller, a battery system management unit, and a first electrical cabinet; wherein the submodule controller and the battery system management unit are respectively connected to the upper-level control system, and the submodule controller is connected to the battery system management unit; the first electrical cabinet is connected to the battery system management unit; and the first electrical cabinet is also connected to the submodule controller or to the upper-level control system; the first electrical cabinet is used to send battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit, and the battery system management unit is used to send the received battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller and the upper-level control system respectively; and the first electrical cabinet is also used to send battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller, or to send battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the upper-level control system.

[0006] It is understood that in the energy storage system provided in this application embodiment, the first electrical cabinet is connected not only to the battery system management unit, but also to the submodule controller or the upper control system. Thus, the first electrical cabinet not only sends battery information to the battery system management unit, but also sends battery information to the submodule controller or the upper control system. This provides a backup effect for the battery system management unit. Even if the battery system management unit fails or loses power, the submodule controller or the upper control system can still obtain the battery information from the first electrical cabinet, thereby providing information support for the entire energy storage control decision and enhancing the safety and reliability of the energy storage system.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first electrical cabinet includes: a first battery cluster management unit, a first electrical box, a first battery module management unit, and a first current acquisition module; wherein the first battery module management unit and the first current acquisition module are both connected to the first battery cluster management unit, the first battery cluster management unit is connected to the battery system management unit, and the first battery cluster management unit is also connected to a submodule controller or an upper-level control system; the first battery module management unit is used to acquire the battery voltage and battery temperature of the first electrical box and send them to the first battery cluster management unit; the first current acquisition module is used to acquire the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet and send it to the first battery cluster management unit; the first battery cluster management unit is used to determine the battery information of the first electrical cabinet based on the battery voltage and battery temperature of the first electrical box and the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet, and send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit, and send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller, or send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the upper-level control system.

[0008] It is understood that in the energy storage system provided in this application embodiment, the first battery cabinet is connected to the battery system management unit through the first battery cluster management unit, and is also connected to the submodule controller or upper control system through the first battery cluster management unit. In this way, the battery information of the first battery cabinet is backed up through the connection between the first battery cluster management unit and the submodule controller or the connection between the first battery cluster management unit and the upper control system. Thus, even if the battery system management unit loses power or malfunctions, the submodule controller or upper control system can still monitor the battery information of the first battery cabinet. The monitoring of battery information will not be interrupted due to the power failure or malfunction of the battery system management unit, which is beneficial to enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the battery.

[0009] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the upper-level control system includes a valve-based control device and a battery monitoring backend; the sub-module controller and the battery system management unit are respectively connected to the upper-level control system, including: the sub-module controller is connected to the valve-based control device, and the battery system management unit is connected to the battery monitoring backend; the first battery cluster management unit is connected to the upper-level control system, including: the first battery cluster management unit is connected to the battery monitoring backend.

[0010] It is understood that in the energy storage system provided in this application embodiment, the battery information of the first battery cabinet is sent to the battery monitoring backend through the uplink between the first battery cluster management unit and the battery monitoring backend, or the battery information of the first battery cabinet is sent to the valve base control device through the uplink between the first battery cluster management unit and the submodule controller. In this way, even if the battery system management unit fails or loses power, the battery monitoring backend can still read the battery information of the first battery cabinet for the operators to monitor, and the submodule controller can still obtain the battery information of the first battery cabinet and send it to the valve base control device, thereby providing information support for the entire energy storage valve control decision.

[0011] In some embodiments, the energy storage system further includes a second electrical cabinet; the second electrical cabinet includes: a second battery cluster management unit, a second electrical box, a second battery module management unit, and a second current acquisition module; both the second battery module management unit and the second current acquisition module are connected to the second battery cluster management unit, the second battery cluster management unit is connected to the battery system management unit, and the second battery cluster management unit is also connected to the first battery cluster management unit; the second battery cluster management unit is used to determine the battery information of the second electrical cabinet based on the battery voltage and battery temperature of the second electrical box acquired by the second battery module management unit, and the main circuit current of the second electrical cabinet acquired by the second current acquisition module, and to send the battery information of the second electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit, and to send the battery information of the second electrical cabinet to the first battery cluster management unit, so that the first battery cluster management unit sends the battery information of the second electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit, and sends the battery information of the second electrical cabinet to the submodule controller, or sends the battery information of the second electrical cabinet to the upper control system.

[0012] It is understood that in the energy storage system provided in this application embodiment, the first battery cabinet is connected not only to the battery system management unit through the first battery cluster management unit, but also to the submodule controller or upper control system through the first battery cluster management unit. The second battery cabinet is connected not only to the battery system management unit through the second battery cluster management unit, but also to the first battery cluster management unit through the second battery cluster management unit. Thus, the battery information of the second battery cabinet and the first battery cabinet is transmitted through the second battery cluster management unit-first battery cluster management unit-submodule controller or through the second battery cluster management unit-first battery cluster management unit-upper control system. In this way, even if the battery system management unit fails or loses power, the submodule controller or upper control system can still monitor the battery information of the first and second battery cabinets. The monitoring of the battery information of the first and second battery cabinets will not be interrupted due to the power failure or failure of the battery system management unit, thus enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the batteries.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second current acquisition module is also connected to the first battery cluster management unit, and / or the first current acquisition module is also connected to the second battery cluster management unit; the second current acquisition module is used to send the acquired main circuit current of the second battery cabinet to the first battery cluster management unit and the second battery cluster management unit respectively; the first battery cluster management unit is also used to determine the SOC of the second battery cabinet based on the main circuit current of the second battery cabinet, and send the SOC of the second battery cabinet to the battery system management unit, and send the SOC of the second battery cabinet to the submodule controller, or send the SOC of the second battery cabinet to the upper control system; the second battery cluster management unit is also used to determine the SOC of the first battery cabinet based on the main circuit current of the first battery cabinet, and send the SOC of the first battery cabinet to the battery system management unit, and send the SOC of the first battery cabinet to the submodule controller, or send the SOC of the first battery cabinet to the upper control system.

[0014] It is understood that in the energy storage system provided in this application embodiment, the second current acquisition module in the second electrical cabinet is connected not only to the second battery cluster management unit in the second electrical cabinet, but also to the first battery cluster management unit in the first electrical cabinet, and / or the first current acquisition module in the first electrical cabinet is connected not only to the first battery cluster management unit in the first electrical cabinet, but also to the second battery cluster management unit in the second electrical cabinet. In this way, the energy storage system not only has a backup effect for the battery system management unit, but also for the battery cluster management unit. Thus, even if the first battery cluster management unit (or the second battery cluster management unit) fails at a single point, the second battery cluster management unit (or the first battery cluster management unit) can still monitor the battery information of the first electrical cabinet (or the second electrical cabinet), thereby ensuring that the battery information of each electrical cabinet can be sent to the battery system management unit, as well as to the submodule controller or the upper-level control system, which is beneficial to enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the battery.

[0015] In some embodiments, the energy storage system further includes a third electrical cabinet; the third electrical cabinet includes: a third battery cluster management unit, a third electrical box, a third battery module management unit, and a third current acquisition module; the third battery module management unit and the third current acquisition module are both connected to the third battery cluster management unit, the third battery cluster management unit is connected to the battery system management unit, and the third battery cluster management unit is also connected to the second battery cluster management unit; the third battery cluster management unit is used to determine the battery information of the third electrical cabinet based on the battery voltage and battery temperature of the third electrical box acquired by the third battery module management unit, and the main circuit current of the third electrical cabinet acquired by the third current acquisition module, and to send the battery information of the third electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit, and to send the battery information of the third electrical cabinet to the second battery cluster management unit, so that the second battery cluster management unit sends the battery information of the third electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit, and to send the battery information of the third electrical cabinet to the submodule controller via the first battery cluster management unit, or to send the battery information of the third electrical cabinet to the upper control system via the first battery cluster management unit.

[0016] It is understood that in this embodiment, the first battery cabinet is connected not only to the battery system management unit through the first battery cluster management unit, but also to the submodule controller or upper control system through the first battery cluster management unit. The second battery cabinet is connected not only to the battery system management unit through the second battery cluster management unit, but also to the first battery cluster management unit through the second battery cluster management unit. The third battery cabinet is connected not only to the battery system management unit through the third battery cluster management unit, but also to the second battery cluster management unit through the third battery cluster management unit. Thus, the battery information of the third battery cabinet, as well as the first and second battery cabinets, is transmitted up through the third battery cluster management unit-second battery cluster management unit-first battery cluster management unit-submodule controller or through the third battery cluster management unit-second battery cluster management unit-first battery cluster management unit-upper control system. In this way, even if the battery system management unit fails or loses power, the submodule controller or upper control system can still monitor the battery information of each battery cabinet. The monitoring of the battery information of each battery cabinet will not be interrupted due to the power failure or failure of the battery system management unit, thus enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the batteries.

[0017] In some embodiments, the first electrical cabinet further includes: at least one fourth electrical box and at least one fourth battery module management unit; the at least one fourth battery module management unit is connected in series with the first battery module management unit to form a first link; the second electrical cabinet further includes: at least one fifth electrical box and at least one fifth battery module management unit; the at least one fifth battery module management unit is connected in series with the second battery module management unit to form a second link; and the fourth battery module management unit at the end of the first link is connected to the fifth battery module management unit at the end of the second link.

[0018] It is understood that in the energy storage system provided in this application embodiment, the fourth battery module management unit at the end of the first link in the first cabinet is connected to the fifth battery module management unit at the end of the second link in the second cabinet. Thus, even if the connection between any two adjacent battery module management units on the first or second link fails, or the connection between the battery module management unit and the battery cluster management unit fails, the battery information such as battery voltage and battery temperature collected by the battery module management unit with the failed connection can still be sent to the battery cluster management unit. The transmission of battery information (such as battery voltage and battery temperature collected by the battery module management unit) from the first cabinet and the second cabinet will not be interrupted due to connection failure, thus further enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the battery.

[0019] In some embodiments, the second electrical cabinet further includes: at least one fifth electrical box and at least one fifth battery module management unit; the at least one fifth battery module management unit is connected in series with the second battery module management unit to form a second link; the third electrical cabinet further includes: at least one sixth electrical box and at least one sixth battery module management unit; the at least one sixth battery module management unit is connected in series with the third battery module management unit to form a third link; and the sixth battery module management unit at the end of the third link is connected to the fifth battery module management unit at the end of the second link.

[0020] It is understood that in the energy storage system provided in this application embodiment, the fifth battery module management unit at the end of the second link in the second cabinet is connected to the sixth battery module management unit at the end of the third link in the third cabinet. Thus, even if the connection between any two adjacent battery module management units on the second or third link fails, or the connection between the battery module management unit and the battery cluster management unit fails, the battery information such as battery voltage and battery temperature collected by the battery module management unit with the failed connection can still be sent to the battery cluster management unit. The transmission of battery information (such as battery voltage and battery temperature collected by the battery module management unit) from the second cabinet and the third cabinet will not be interrupted due to connection failure, thus further enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the battery.

[0021] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a first electrical cabinet, which includes a first interface; the first electrical cabinet also includes a second interface or a third interface; wherein, the first interface is used to connect to the battery system management unit of the energy storage system; the second interface is used to connect to the submodule controller of the energy storage system; the third interface is used to connect to the upper control system of the energy storage system; the first electrical cabinet is used to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit through the first interface, and the battery system management unit is used to send the received battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller and the upper control system respectively; and the first electrical cabinet is also used to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller through the second interface, or to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the upper control system through the third interface.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first electrical cabinet includes: a first battery cluster management unit, a first electrical box, a first battery module management unit, and a first current acquisition module; wherein, the first interface, the second interface, and the third interface are all interfaces of the first battery cluster management unit; the first battery cluster management unit further includes a fourth interface and a fifth interface; the fourth interface is used to connect to the first battery module management unit; the fifth interface is used to connect to the first current acquisition module; the first battery module management unit is used to acquire the battery voltage and battery temperature of the first electrical box and send them to the first battery cluster management unit through the fourth interface; the first current acquisition module is used to acquire the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet and send it to the first battery cluster management unit through the fifth interface; the first battery cluster management unit is used to determine the battery information of the first electrical cabinet based on the battery voltage, battery temperature, and main circuit current of the first electrical box, and send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit through the first interface, and send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller through the second interface, or send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the upper control system through the third interface.

[0023] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a first battery cluster management unit, which includes a first interface, a fourth interface, and a fifth interface; the first battery cluster management unit also includes a second interface or a third interface; the first interface is used to connect to the battery system management unit of the energy storage system; the second interface is used to connect to the submodule controller of the energy storage system; the third interface is used to connect to the upper control system of the energy storage system; the fourth interface is used to connect to the first battery module management unit of the first electrical cabinet; the fifth interface is used to connect to the first current acquisition module of the first electrical cabinet; the first battery cluster management unit is used to receive the battery voltage and battery temperature of the first electrical box collected by the first battery module management unit through the fourth interface; and to receive the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet collected by the first current acquisition module through the fifth interface, and to determine the battery information of the first electrical cabinet based on the battery voltage, battery temperature and main circuit current of the first electrical box, and to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit through the first interface, and to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller through the second interface, or to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the upper control system through the third interface.

[0024] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the specification, serve to explain the technical solutions of this application. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0026] The architecture / structure diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative and do not necessarily include all contents and devices / components / modules.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a DC direct-connected energy storage system and its sub-modules;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the communication architecture for a DC direct-connected energy storage valve;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 ;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 ;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6 ;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 ;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 8 ;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 9 ;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first electrical cabinet provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first electrical cabinet provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0040] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the communication architecture of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0041] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the communication architecture of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 . Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the specific technical solutions of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application. The following embodiments are used to illustrate this application, but are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0044] In the following description, references to "some embodiments," "this embodiment," "this application embodiment," and examples, etc., describe a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same subset or different subset of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0045] The descriptions such as "first," "second," and "third" appearing in the embodiments of this application are for illustrative purposes and to distinguish the objects being described. They do not indicate any order and do not represent a special limitation on the number of devices in the embodiments of this application. They cannot constitute any limitation on the embodiments of this application.

[0046] The system framework described in this application is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this application and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that, with the evolution of system frameworks and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0047] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the relevant technologies or terms of the embodiments of this application are described below. The following relevant technologies or terms are optional solutions and can be combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application in any way, and all of them fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0048] An energy storage system is a system that stores energy in the form of electricity, heat, or kinetic energy through various media and releases it when needed. Its working principle mainly involves converting electrical energy or other forms of energy into a storable form based on physical or chemical processes, and then restoring it to electrical energy or other forms of energy through an energy conversion system when needed. For example, in an electrochemical energy storage system, a battery converts electrical energy into chemical energy through a chemical reaction for storage. When electrical energy is needed, the reverse reaction converts the chemical energy back into electrical energy for output. This system, through energy conversion and storage, achieves energy transfer and optimization, providing important energy support for multiple sectors such as power systems, transportation, industry, and households.

[0049] Compared with traditional energy storage devices, high-voltage, large-capacity energy storage systems have three main advantages: 1) They enhance the grid regulation capability of flexible DC transmission systems, thus playing a positive role in grid support; 2) They are suitable for applications where offshore wind power is transmitted via flexible DC, offering broader application prospects; 3) They adopt an integrated modular design, resulting in lower system losses, better economic benefits, and higher operational reliability. Therefore, high-voltage, large-capacity energy storage systems are of significant research importance for new power systems based on renewable energy sources. Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a DC direct-connected energy storage system and its sub-modules, such as... Figure 1 As shown, a single submodule includes a power module and a battery module.

[0050] Based on the above Figure 1 The energy storage valve architecture (i.e., energy storage system architecture) shown uses a submodule controller (e.g., SMC) as a power module controller (in traditional flexible DC grids, the SMC is a single submodule controller) and a battery system management unit (e.g., BMC) as a battery module controller (in traditional battery containers, the battery system management unit is also called BMS, which acts as a battery system controller). In new power systems, there are multiple technical approaches, such as the functional integration of SMC and BMC (mutual functional backup), cross-redundancy control of key components (with minimal modification to the original boards, while meeting the requirements of the energy storage valve), and hardware board integration (integrating SMC and BMC into a single board).

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the communication architecture for a DC-connected energy storage valve, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the architecture remains a star (linear) topology. The valve-based control device (e.g., VBC) and the battery monitoring backend form the upper-level control system within the energy storage valve system. The submodule controller (e.g., SMC) and the battery system management unit (e.g., BMC) belong to the middle-level architecture at the submodule level, with several submodules sharing one SMC and one BMC. The battery cabinet is the lower-level structure at the battery level.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, in the communication architecture of the energy storage valve, the VBC is connected to the SMC, and the BMC is connected to the battery monitoring backend, the SMC, and the SBMU in each cabinet. Each cabinet includes an SBMU, a current acquisition module, several battery module management units (e.g., CSC), and several electrical boxes (i.e., battery containers). The electrical boxes are not shown in the figure. One CSC monitors and collects information from one electrical box.

[0053] Valve base control devices (such as VBCs) are interface devices for energy storage valves, mainly used to control, monitor and protect the valves.

[0054] The monitoring platform (back-end system) was originally used for the visualization of the battery management system. Its functions have been gradually improved in the energy storage scenario to display key parameters and alarm information of each sub-module, as well as the human-machine interaction control of the sub-module.

[0055] The submodule controller (e.g., SMC) is the interface device for the submodule, mainly used to monitor and provide feedback on the status of the submodule, as well as to receive various control commands issued by the VBC.

[0056] The core functions of a battery system management unit (BMC) are battery cell monitoring and feedback, state of charge (SOC) estimation, and battery cell balancing. It can be integrated with the submodule controller function as a submodule controller, or it can function as a separate board, working with the submodule controller to perform cross-redundancy status monitoring of the submodules.

[0057] Battery cluster management unit (e.g., SBMU) is used for the statistical analysis of information of the entire battery cluster, thermal management of the battery module, logic control of each primary discrete device inside the high voltage control box, and coordination control with the battery stack management unit.

[0058] The battery module management unit (e.g., CSC) is mainly used to monitor the voltage and temperature parameters of each cell in the battery module. The CSC collects battery cell data and transmits it from the SBMU to the BMC via optical fiber.

[0059] The current acquisition module, also known as the current sensor, collects current information from the main circuit of each electrical cabinet and sends it to the SBMU. This is essential for accurate SOC calculation.

[0060] The inventors of this application are in the process of... Figure 2 Analysis of the communication architecture of the DC-connected energy storage valve revealed the following main drawbacks:

[0061] 1. Battery system: It plays a role in monitoring the battery system. If battery information is lost (including battery status, SOC, cabinet current, etc.), it will threaten the safety of the entire energy storage valve and cause the entire energy storage valve to shut down.

[0062] 2. Individual communication nodes at the lower level cannot determine the network status and do not support changes in the broadcast communication topology, resulting in reduced communication reliability.

[0063] Based on Figure 2 Analysis of the communication architecture of the energy storage valve / energy storage system shown in the present application; embodiments of the present application provide the following energy storage system.

[0064] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ,like Figure 3As shown, the energy storage system 300 includes: an upper-level control system 301, a submodule controller 302, a battery system management unit 303, and a first electrical cabinet 304; wherein,

[0065] The submodule controller 302 and the battery system management unit 303 are respectively connected to the upper control system 301, and the submodule controller 302 is connected to the battery system management unit 303;

[0066] The first electrical cabinet 304 is connected to the battery system management unit 303; and the first electrical cabinet 304 is also connected to the submodule controller 302 or to the upper control system 301.

[0067] The first electrical cabinet 304 is used to send battery information from the first electrical cabinet 304 to the battery system management unit 303. The battery system management unit 303 is used to send the received battery information from the first electrical cabinet 304 to the submodule controller 302 and the upper-level control system 301 respectively.

[0068] The first electrical cabinet 304 is also used to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 to the submodule controller 302, or to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 to the upper control system 301.

[0069] In this embodiment, the specific information included in the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 is not limited; in general, the battery information includes any information related to the battery. For example, in some embodiments, the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 includes one or more of the following: battery state of charge (SOC), battery voltage, battery temperature, status of switches and devices, and insulation detection information; wherein SOC represents the percentage of remaining battery power. In this embodiment, the battery information of other electrical cabinets (such as the second and third electrical cabinets) can also be understood with reference to the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304; therefore, the battery information of the second and third electrical cabinets will not be described in detail.

[0070] It should be noted that, as Figure 2 In the energy storage system shown, the Base Control Center (BMC) acts as a data aggregation and bridging mechanism. If the BMC loses power or fails, the entire system loses its monitoring capability. Adding a redundant BMC to the system, regardless of cost, might not solve the same problem. This is because while two BMCs are configured for hardware backup, the causes of BMC failures can be homogeneous; a failure in one BMC could also cause the other redundant BMC to fail, meaning simultaneous failures of both BMCs are possible. The inventors of this application, considering this consideration, propose the energy storage system described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the first electrical cabinet 304 is connected not only to the battery system management unit 303 (e.g., BMC) but also to the submodule controller 302 (e.g., SMC) or the upper control system 301. Thus, the first electrical cabinet 304 not only sends battery information to the battery system management unit 303 but also to the submodule controller 302 or the upper control system 301. This provides a backup for the battery system management unit 303; even in the event of a battery system management unit failure or power outage, the submodule controller 302 or the upper control system 301 can still obtain the battery information from the first electrical cabinet. Monitoring of the battery information will not be interrupted due to a power outage or failure of the battery system management unit, thereby providing information support for the entire energy storage control decision-making process and enhancing the safety and reliability of the energy storage system.

[0071] It is understood that the electrical cabinet in an energy storage system, commonly referred to as an energy storage cabinet or energy storage unit, is a device that integrates an energy storage device and a power management system, primarily used to store electrical energy and release it when needed. The structure of the electrical cabinet is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0072] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ,like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the first electrical cabinet 304 includes: a first battery cluster management unit 401, a first electrical box 402, a first battery module management unit 403, and a first current acquisition module 404; wherein,

[0073] The first battery module management unit 403 and the first current acquisition module 404 are both connected to the first battery cluster management unit 401. The first battery cluster management unit 401 is connected to the battery system management unit 303. The first battery cluster management unit 401 is also connected to the sub-module controller 302 or to the upper control system 301.

[0074] The first battery module management unit 403 is used to collect the battery voltage and battery temperature of the first battery box 402 and send them to the first battery cluster management unit 401;

[0075] The first current acquisition module 404 is used to acquire the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet 304 and send it to the first battery cluster management unit 401.

[0076] The first battery cluster management unit 401 is used to determine the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 based on the battery voltage and temperature of the first electrical box 402 and the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet 304, and send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit 303, as well as send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 to the submodule controller 302, or send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 to the upper control system 301.

[0077] In one possible implementation, the first battery cluster management unit 401 determines the SOC of the first battery cabinet based on the main circuit current of the first battery cabinet 304, and uses information such as the battery voltage of the first battery box 402, the battery temperature of the first battery box 402, and the SOC of the first battery cabinet as the battery information of the first battery cabinet 304.

[0078] Understandable, Figure 4 In the energy storage system shown, the first battery cabinet is connected to the battery system management unit via the first battery cluster management unit, and also to the submodule controller or upper control system via the first battery cluster management unit. Thus, the battery information of the first battery cabinet is backed up through the connection between the first battery cluster management unit and the submodule controller or the upper control system. This ensures that even if the battery system management unit loses power or malfunctions, the submodule controller or upper control system can still monitor the battery information of the first battery cabinet. Monitoring of battery information is not interrupted by power loss or malfunction of the battery system management unit, thereby enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the batteries.

[0079] In this embodiment, the specific devices included in the upper-level control system 301 are not limited. In general, the upper-level control system 301 is used to determine control commands based on the battery information of the uploaded electrical cabinets. These control commands are used to control the operating state of the electrical cabinets. For example, the control commands may indicate one or more electrical cabinets or boxes that are permitted to be used, and / or one or more electrical cabinets or boxes that are not permitted to be used (i.e., require bypassing); or, for example, the control commands may indicate one or more electrical cabinets or boxes to enter a charging state or a discharging state.

[0080] Exemplarily, in some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the upper-level control system 301 includes a valve base control device 501 and a battery monitoring backend 502; as Figure 5 As shown, the submodule controller 302 and the battery system management unit 303 are respectively connected to the upper control system 301, including: the submodule controller 302 is connected to the valve base control device 501, and the battery system management unit 303 is connected to the battery monitoring backend 502; the first battery cluster management unit 401 is connected to the upper control system 301, including: the first battery cluster management unit 401 is connected to the battery monitoring backend 502.

[0081] Understandable, Figure 5 In the energy storage system shown, the battery information of the first battery cabinet is sent to the battery monitoring backend via the uplink between the first battery cluster management unit and the battery monitoring backend, or the battery information of the first battery cabinet is sent to the valve base control device via the uplink between the first battery cluster management unit and the submodule controller. In this way, even if the battery system management unit fails or loses power, the battery monitoring backend can still read the battery information of the first battery cabinet for the operators to monitor, and the submodule controller can still obtain the battery information of the first battery cabinet and send it to the valve base control device, thereby providing information support for the entire energy storage valve control decision.

[0082] Of course, considering that the battery monitoring backend 502 is a backup and redundant for the valve base control device 501, in some other embodiments, the upper control system 301 may not include the battery monitoring backend 502, but may include the valve base control device. The valve base control device 501 is the interface device of the energy storage valve and is mainly used to complete the control, monitoring and protection of the valve.

[0083] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the valve base control device 501 is connected to the battery monitoring backend 502. One purpose is to back up battery information, and the other is for the valve base control device 501 to send a power-on command to instruct the battery to power on. The normal transmission link is valve base control device - submodule controller - battery system management unit. However, if the submodule controller is not powered on, the valve base control device 501 can transmit the power-on command to the battery monitoring backend 502 through the connection link between the valve base control device 501 and the battery monitoring backend 502. The battery monitoring backend 502 then issues a power-on command to the battery system management unit.

[0084] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the energy storage system 300 also includes a second electrical cabinet 600; the second electrical cabinet 600 includes: a second battery cluster management unit 601, a second electrical box 602, a second battery module management unit 603, and a second current acquisition module 604.

[0085] The second battery module management unit 603 and the second current acquisition module 604 are both connected to the second battery cluster management unit 601. The second battery cluster management unit 601 is connected to the battery system management unit 303, and the second battery cluster management unit 601 is also connected to the first battery cluster management unit 401.

[0086] The second battery cluster management unit 601 is used to determine the battery information of the second battery cabinet 600 based on the battery voltage and temperature of the second battery box 602 collected by the second battery module management unit 603 and the main circuit current of the second battery cabinet 600 collected by the second current acquisition module 604. The battery information of the second battery cabinet 600 is then sent to the battery system management unit 303 and the first battery cluster management unit 401, so that the first battery cluster management unit 401 can send the battery information of the second battery cabinet 600 to the battery system management unit 303, the submodule controller 302, or the upper control system 301.

[0087] Understandable, Figure 6 In the energy storage system shown, the first cabinet is connected not only to the battery system management unit through the first battery cluster management unit, but also to the submodule controller or upper-level control system through the first battery cluster management unit. The second cabinet is connected not only to the battery system management unit through the second battery cluster management unit, but also to the first battery cluster management unit through the second battery cluster management unit. Thus, the battery information of the second cabinet and the first cabinet is transmitted via the second battery cluster management unit-first battery cluster management unit-submodule controller or via the second battery cluster management unit-first battery cluster management unit-upper-level control system. In this way, even if the battery system management unit fails or loses power, the submodule controller or upper-level control system can still monitor the battery information of the first and second cabinets. The monitoring of the battery information of the first and second cabinets will not be interrupted due to the power failure or failure of the battery system management unit, thus enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the batteries.

[0088] Furthermore, in some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the second current acquisition module 604 is also connected to the first battery cluster management unit 401, and / or the first current acquisition module 404 is also connected to the second battery cluster management unit 601.

[0089] The second current acquisition module 604 is used to send the acquired main circuit current of the second electrical cabinet 600 to the first battery cluster management unit 401 and the second battery cluster management unit 601 respectively.

[0090] The first battery cluster management unit 401 is also used to determine the SOC of the second battery cabinet 600 based on the main circuit current of the second battery cabinet 600, and send the SOC of the second battery cabinet 600 to the battery system management unit 303, and send the SOC of the second battery cabinet 600 to the submodule controller 302, or send the SOC of the second battery cabinet 600 to the upper control system 301.

[0091] The second battery cluster management unit 601 is also used to determine the SOC of the first battery cabinet 304 based on the main circuit current of the first battery cabinet 304, and send the SOC of the first battery cabinet 304 to the battery system management unit 303, and send the SOC of the first battery cabinet 304 to the submodule controller 302, or send the SOC of the first battery cabinet 304 to the upper control system 301.

[0092] Understandable, Figure 7 In the energy storage system shown, the second current acquisition module in the second cabinet is connected not only to the second battery cluster management unit in the second cabinet, but also to the first battery cluster management unit in the first cabinet, and / or, the first current acquisition module in the first cabinet is connected not only to the first battery cluster management unit in the first cabinet, but also to the second battery cluster management unit in the second cabinet. Thus, the energy storage system provides backup for both the battery system management unit and the battery cluster management unit. Even if the first battery cluster management unit (or the second battery cluster management unit) fails at a single point, the second battery cluster management unit (or the first battery cluster management unit) can still monitor the battery information of the first cabinet (or the second cabinet), thereby ensuring that the battery information of each cabinet can be sent to the battery system management unit, as well as to the submodule controller or the upper-level control system, thereby enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the batteries.

[0093] In some embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, the first electrical cabinet 304 further includes: at least one fourth electrical box 801 and at least one fourth battery module management unit 802; the at least one fourth battery module management unit 802 is connected in series with the first battery module management unit 403 to form a first link 803; the second electrical cabinet 600 further includes: at least one fifth electrical box 804 and at least one fifth battery module management unit 805; the at least one fifth battery module management unit 805 is connected in series with the second battery module management unit 603 to form a second link 806; and the fourth battery module management unit at the end of the first link 803 is connected to the fifth battery module management unit at the end of the second link 806.

[0094] Understandable, Figure 8In the energy storage system shown, the fourth battery module management unit at the end of the first link in the first cabinet is connected to the fifth battery module management unit at the end of the second link in the second cabinet. Thus, even if the connection between any two adjacent battery module management units on the first or second link fails, or the connection between a battery module management unit and a battery cluster management unit fails, the battery information, such as battery voltage and temperature, collected by the failed battery module management unit can still be uploaded to the battery cluster management unit. The uploading of battery information (such as battery voltage and temperature collected by the battery module management unit) from the first cabinet and the second cabinet will not be interrupted due to connection failure, thereby further enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the batteries.

[0095] For example, such as Figure 9 In the energy storage system shown, if the first cabinet 304 and the second cabinet 600 are not connected by the tail battery module management unit, then when the connection between the tail battery module management unit in the first cabinet 304 and the adjacent battery module management unit is broken, the tail battery module management unit becomes an isolated point, and the battery information collected by the tail battery module management unit cannot be uploaded; similarly, when the connection between the tail battery module management unit in the second cabinet 600 and the adjacent battery module management unit is broken, the tail battery module management unit becomes an isolated point, and the battery information collected by the tail battery module management unit cannot be uploaded.

[0096] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, the energy storage system 300 also includes a third electrical cabinet 1000; the third electrical cabinet 1000 includes: a third battery cluster management unit 1001, a third electrical box 1002, a third battery module management unit 1003, and a third current acquisition module 1004.

[0097] The third battery module management unit 1003 and the third current acquisition module 1004 are both connected to the third battery cluster management unit 1001. The third battery cluster management unit 1001 is connected to the battery system management unit 303, and the third battery cluster management unit 1001 is also connected to the second battery cluster management unit 601.

[0098] The third battery cluster management unit 1001 is used to determine the battery information of the third battery cabinet 1000 based on the battery voltage and temperature of the third battery box 1002 collected by the third battery module management unit 1003 and the main circuit current of the third battery cabinet 1000 collected by the third current acquisition module 1004. The battery information of the third battery cabinet 1000 is then sent to the battery system management unit 303 and the second battery cluster management unit 601, so that the second battery cluster management unit 601 can send the battery information of the third battery cabinet 1000 to the battery system management unit 303, and send the battery information of the third battery cabinet 1000 to the submodule controller 302 via the first battery cluster management unit 401, or send the battery information of the third battery cabinet 1000 to the upper control system 301 via the first battery cluster management unit 401.

[0099] Understandable, Figure 10 In the energy storage system shown, the first cabinet is connected not only to the battery system management unit through the first battery cluster management unit, but also to the submodule controller or upper-level control system through the first battery cluster management unit. The second cabinet is connected not only to the battery system management unit through the second battery cluster management unit, but also to the first battery cluster management unit through the second battery cluster management unit. The third cabinet is connected not only to the battery system management unit through the third battery cluster management unit, but also to the second battery cluster management unit through the third battery cluster management unit - second battery cluster management unit - first battery cluster management unit - submodule controller or through the third battery cluster management unit - second battery cluster management unit - first battery cluster management unit - upper-level control system. In this way, even if the battery system management unit fails or loses power, the submodule controller or upper-level control system can still monitor the battery information of each cabinet. The monitoring of the battery information of each cabinet will not be interrupted due to the power failure or failure of the battery system management unit, thus enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the batteries.

[0100] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, the third current acquisition module 1004 is also connected to the second battery cluster management unit 601, and / or the second current acquisition module 604 is also connected to the third battery cluster management unit 1001; the third current acquisition module 1004 is used to send the acquired main circuit current of the third electrical cabinet 1000 to the second battery cluster management unit 601 and the third battery cluster management unit 601 respectively; the second current acquisition module 604 is used to send the acquired main circuit current of the second electrical cabinet 600 to the second battery cluster management unit 601 and the third battery cluster management unit 601 respectively.

[0101] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11 As shown, the second electrical cabinet 600 further includes: at least one fifth electrical box 804 and at least one fifth battery module management unit 805; the at least one fifth battery module management unit 805 is connected in series with the second battery module management unit 603 to form a second link 806;

[0102] The third electrical cabinet 1000 further includes: at least one sixth electrical box 1101 and at least one sixth battery module management unit 1102; the at least one sixth battery module management unit is connected in series with the third battery module management unit to form a third link 1103;

[0103] Additionally, the sixth battery module management unit at the tail end of the third link is connected to the fifth battery module management unit at the tail end of the second link 806.

[0104] Understandable, Figure 11 In the energy storage system shown, the fifth battery module management unit at the end of the second link in the second cabinet is connected to the sixth battery module management unit at the end of the third link in the third cabinet. Thus, even if the connection between any two adjacent battery module management units on the second or third link fails, or the connection between a battery module management unit and a battery cluster management unit fails, the battery information, such as battery voltage and temperature, collected by the failed battery module management unit can still be uploaded to the battery cluster management unit. The uploading of battery information (such as battery voltage and temperature collected by the battery module management unit) from the second cabinet and the third cabinet will not be interrupted due to connection failure, thereby further enhancing the reliability of the energy storage system and the safety of the batteries.

[0105] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first electrical cabinet provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ,like Figure 12 As shown, the first electrical cabinet 304 includes a first interface 1201; the first electrical cabinet 304 also includes a second interface 1202 or a third interface 1203; wherein, the first interface 1201 is used to connect to the battery system management unit 303 of the energy storage system 300; the second interface 1202 is used to connect to the submodule controller 302 of the energy storage system 300; and the third interface 1203 is used to connect to the upper control system 301 of the energy storage system 300.

[0106] The first electrical cabinet 304 is used to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 to the battery system management unit 303 through the first interface 1201. The battery system management unit 303 is used to send the received battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 to the sub-module controller 302 and the upper control system 301 respectively. The first electrical cabinet 304 is also used to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 to the sub-module controller 302 through the second interface 1202, or to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 to the upper control system 301 through the third interface 1203.

[0107] In some embodiments, such as Figure 13 As shown, the first electrical cabinet 304 includes: a first battery cluster management unit 401, a first electrical box 402, a first battery module management unit 403, and a first current acquisition module 404; wherein, the first interface 1201, the second interface 1202, and the third interface 1203 are all interfaces of the first battery cluster management unit 401; the first battery cluster management unit 401 also includes a fourth interface 1301 and a fifth interface 1302; the fourth interface 1301 is used to connect to the first battery module management unit 403; the fifth interface 1302 is used to connect to the first current acquisition module 404;

[0108] The first battery module management unit 403 is used to collect the battery voltage and battery temperature of the first battery box 402 and send them to the first battery cluster management unit 401 through the fourth interface 1301;

[0109] The first current acquisition module is used to acquire the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet 304 and send it to the first battery cluster management unit 401 through the fifth interface 1302.

[0110] The first battery cluster management unit 401 is used to determine the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 based on the battery voltage and temperature of the first electrical box 402 and the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet 304, and send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 to the battery system management unit 303 through the first interface 1201, and send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 to the submodule controller 302 through the second interface 1202, or send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet 304 to the upper control system 301 through the third interface 1203.

[0111] In some embodiments, the first battery cluster management unit further includes a sixth interface for connecting to the second battery cluster management unit of the second cabinet.

[0112] In some embodiments, the first battery cluster management unit further includes a seventh interface for connecting to the second current acquisition module of the second electrical cabinet.

[0113] It should be noted that the structures and functions of the various electrical cabinets are similar; therefore, the second and third electrical cabinets have similar beneficial effects to the related embodiments of the first electrical cabinet. For details not disclosed in the embodiments of the second and third electrical cabinets of this application, please refer to the description of the embodiment of the first electrical cabinet of this application for understanding. Similarly, the connection relationships and functions of the battery cluster management unit, battery module management unit, current acquisition module, and electrical box in each electrical cabinet are similar. For details of the battery cluster management unit, battery module management unit, current acquisition module, and electrical box not disclosed in the embodiments of the second and third electrical cabinets of this application, please refer to the description of the embodiment of the battery cluster management unit, battery module management unit, current acquisition module, and electrical box in the first electrical cabinet of this application for understanding.

[0114] In one possible implementation, each device has one or more interfaces, and the devices are connected / communicated / linked by inserting the two ends of an optical fiber, CAN bus or other cable into the interfaces of the two devices respectively.

[0115] The following examples illustrate possible implementation schemes of the energy storage system described in one or more of the above embodiments.

[0116] In the embodiments of this application,

[0117] 1. Cross-loop communication between adjacent battery cabinets is implemented to back up critical information of the battery system (information sent by CSC and information sent by the current acquisition module), thus solving the problem of information loss in the battery cabinet caused by the failure of a single SBMU.

[0118] 2. Through the uplink SOC information transmission link of SBMUn-SBMU1-SMC, even in the event of BMC failure, SMC can still obtain the battery's SOC information and transmit it to VBC, providing information support for the entire energy storage valve control decision.

[0119] 3. A portable communication architecture is proposed that is applicable to most energy storage scenarios, requires minimal modification to existing communication architectures, and improves reliability.

[0120] In this application embodiment, for the DC-connected energy storage valve energy storage submodule to back up key battery information, the following is proposed: Figure 14 and Figure 15 The communication architecture of the energy storage system shown is as follows:

[0121] like Figure 14 as well as Figure 15As shown, the valve-controlled VBC, the back-end system (i.e., the battery monitoring back-end), the controller SMC of each submodule, and the battery system management unit (BMC) are interconnected via a ring network formed by optical fibers. The BMC communicates with the lower-level SBMUs in a tree-like architecture. The SBMUn-1, SBMUn, and CSC of each adjacent cabinet are connected end-to-end to form a ring, ensuring that even if a local SBMU fails, the SBMUs of adjacent cabinets can still monitor local cabinet information. Simultaneously, the SBMUn-1, current acquisition module n-1, SBMUn, and current acquisition module n of adjacent cabinets communicate cross-linkedly, meaning that each cabinet's SBMU receives current information from adjacent and local cabinets. Through the SBMUn-SBMU1-back-end or SMC uplink SOC information transmission link, even in the event of a BMC failure, the back-end can directly read the SOC information for operator monitoring, and the SMC can still obtain the battery's SOC information and transmit it to the VBC, providing information support for the entire energy storage valve control decision-making process. Here, n is greater than or equal to 2.

[0122] It should be noted that cabinet 1 can be understood as the first cabinet, and cabinet 2 can be understood as the second cabinet. The structure of cabinet n can be understood by referring to cabinet 2.

[0123] In this embodiment, the provided communication system has a clear network architecture, strong scalability, and can support communication architecture designs for most energy storage scenarios. Furthermore, the network hierarchy is distinct, facilitating problem localization. This communication system provides backup for both the BMC and SBMU, improving the reliability of the energy storage valve, and requires minimal modification to the original architecture, making it easy to implement.

[0124] like Figure 14 As shown, valve base control devices (such as VBCs) are interface devices for energy storage valves, mainly used to control, monitor and protect the valves.

[0125] The monitoring platform (back-end system) was originally used for the visualization of the battery management system. Its functions have been gradually improved in the energy storage scenario to display key parameters and alarm information of each sub-module, as well as the human-machine interaction control of the sub-module.

[0126] The submodule controller (e.g., SMC) is the interface device for the submodule, mainly used to monitor and provide feedback on the submodule status, as well as to receive various control commands issued by the VBC.

[0127] The core functions of a battery system management unit (such as a BMC) are battery cell monitoring and feedback, state of charge (SOC) estimation, and battery cell balancing. It can be integrated with the SMC as a submodule controller, or it can function as a standalone board, working with the SMC to perform cross-redundancy status monitoring of submodules.

[0128] Battery cluster management unit (e.g., SBMU) is used for the statistical analysis of information of the entire battery cluster, thermal management of the battery module, logic control of each primary discrete device inside the high voltage control box, and coordination control with the battery stack management unit.

[0129] The battery module management unit (e.g., CSC) is mainly used to monitor the voltage and temperature parameters of each cell in the battery module. The CSC collects battery cell data and transmits it from the SBMU to the BMC via optical fiber.

[0130] The current acquisition module, also known as the current sensor, collects current information from the main circuit of each electrical cabinet and sends it to the SBMU. This is essential for accurate SOC calculation.

[0131] like Figure 14 As shown, the entire system is divided into a three-layer architecture (corresponding to three network layers). The first layer is the network between the CSC, the current acquisition module, and the SBMU; the second layer is the network between the SBMU and the BMC; and the third layer is the network between the BMC, SMC, VBC, and the backend. The entire network architecture is clear, highly scalable, and can support the communication system design for most energy storage scenarios. Furthermore, the distinct network layers facilitate problem localization.

[0132] like Figure 14 As shown, the valve-controlled VBC, the back-end system, the controller SMC of each submodule, and the battery system management unit BMC are interconnected through a ring network formed by optical fiber. The BMC, as a link in the first and second layer communication ring network, also serves as the core brain of the entire submodule battery system. It is responsible for sending battery information to the back-end system and SMC, as well as receiving and sending control commands from the back-end system or SMC.

[0133] As the core brain of the entire submodule, the SMC forwards battery information to the VBC on one hand, and to the BMC on the other hand, it forwards control commands issued by the VBC.

[0134] The communication architecture between the BMC and the lower-level SBMU remains unchanged.

[0135] SBMU between two adjacent electrical cabinets n-1 SBMU n Each electrical cabinet's CSCs are connected end-to-end to form a ring, while the SBMUs between two adjacent electrical cabinets are... n-1 Current acquisition module n-1 SBMU n Current acquisition module n Cross-communication is performed, meaning that the SBMU of each electrical cabinet receives current information from adjacent electrical cabinets and the local electrical cabinet.

[0136] like Figure 14As shown, via SBMU n The -SBMU1- backend uplink SOC information transmission link ensures that even in the event of a BMC failure, the battery's SOC information can be directly transmitted to the battery backend, enabling BMC "n-1" operation.

[0137] like Figure 15 As shown, via SBMU n The SBMU1-SMC uplink SOC information transmission link ensures that even in the event of a BMC failure, the SMC can still obtain the battery's SOC information and transmit it to the VBC, providing information support for the entire energy storage valve control decision.

[0138] Since the battery backend is primarily used for monitoring or operation by operators, and considering human reaction speed, there is no particularly high requirement for data refresh time (seconds), the IEC 61850 slow communication protocol can be used. Traditional SMC systems use the IEC 60044-8 fast communication protocol, therefore... Figure 15 To achieve direct uploading of SOC information, an interface conversion module needs to be added to the SMC hardware board. Figure 14 No additional SMC interface conversion module is needed; existing interface modules can be used directly via a slow communication channel. The solution is relatively simple to implement, reducing the workload of software modifications.

[0139] In this application embodiment, the connections between various devices in the energy storage system can be achieved through communication media, such as optical fibers or other media. The key battery information proposed in this application embodiment includes, but is not limited to, SOC, Hall current, battery voltage, battery temperature, switch and device status, insulation detection information, etc. Therefore, other information of the backup battery module using the energy storage system architecture provided in this application embodiment should also fall within the protection scope of this application. The same applies to other subsequent communication schemes.

[0140] It should be understood that the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "some embodiments" mentioned throughout the specification mean that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, "in one embodiment," "in one embodiment," or "in some embodiments" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence numbers of the above-described processes do not imply a sequential order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application. The sequence numbers of the above-described embodiments are merely for descriptive purposes and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The descriptions of the various embodiments above tend to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments; their similarities or commonalities can be referred to mutually, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0141] In this article, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three kinds of relationships. For example, object A and / or object B can represent three situations: object A exists alone, object A and object B exist simultaneously, and object B exists alone.

[0142] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0143] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The embodiments described above are merely illustrative.

[0144] The methods disclosed in the several method embodiments provided in this application can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new method embodiments.

[0145] The features disclosed in the several product embodiments provided in this application can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new product embodiments.

[0146] The features disclosed in the several method or device embodiments provided in this application can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new method or device embodiments.

[0147] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes: an upper-level control system, a sub-module controller, a battery system management unit, and a first electrical cabinet; wherein... The submodule controller and the battery system management unit are respectively connected to the upper-level control system, and the submodule controller is connected to the battery system management unit; The first electrical cabinet is connected to the battery system management unit; and the first electrical cabinet is also connected to the submodule controller or to the upper-level control system. The first electrical cabinet is used to send its battery information to the battery system management unit. The battery system management unit is used to send the received battery information from the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller and the upper-level control system, respectively. The first electrical cabinet is also used to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller, or to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the upper-level control system.

2. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electrical cabinet includes: a first battery cluster management unit, a first electrical box, a first battery module management unit, and a first current acquisition module; wherein, The first battery module management unit and the first current acquisition module are both connected to the first battery cluster management unit. The first battery cluster management unit is connected to the battery system management unit. The first battery cluster management unit is also connected to the sub-module controller or the upper-level control system. The first battery module management unit is used to collect the battery voltage and battery temperature of the first battery box and send them to the first battery cluster management unit; The first current acquisition module is used to acquire the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet and send it to the first battery cluster management unit; The first battery cluster management unit is used to determine the battery information of the first electrical cabinet based on the battery voltage, battery temperature and main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet, and send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit, and send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller, or send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the upper control system.

3. The energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper-level control system includes valve-based control equipment and a battery monitoring backend. The submodule controller and the battery system management unit are respectively connected to the upper-level control system, including: the submodule controller is connected to the valve base control device, and the battery system management unit is connected to the battery monitoring backend; The first battery cluster management unit is connected to the upper-level control system, including: the first battery cluster management unit is connected to the battery monitoring backend.

4. The energy storage system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes a second electrical cabinet; the second electrical cabinet includes: a second battery cluster management unit, a second electrical box, a second battery module management unit, and a second current acquisition module; The second battery module management unit and the second current acquisition module are both connected to the second battery cluster management unit, the second battery cluster management unit is connected to the battery system management unit, and the second battery cluster management unit is also connected to the first battery cluster management unit; The second battery cluster management unit is used to determine the battery information of the second battery cabinet based on the battery voltage and temperature of the second battery box collected by the second battery module management unit and the main circuit current of the second battery cabinet collected by the second current acquisition module, and to send the battery information of the second battery cabinet to the battery system management unit and to send the battery information of the second battery cabinet to the first battery cluster management unit, so that the first battery cluster management unit sends the battery information of the second battery cabinet to the battery system management unit, and sends the battery information of the second battery cabinet to the submodule controller, or sends the battery information of the second battery cabinet to the upper control system.

5. The energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second current acquisition module is also connected to the first battery cluster management unit, and / or the first current acquisition module is also connected to the second battery cluster management unit; The second current acquisition module is used to send the acquired main circuit current of the second electrical cabinet to the first battery cluster management unit and the second battery cluster management unit respectively; The first battery cluster management unit is further configured to determine the SOC of the second battery cabinet based on the main circuit current of the second battery cabinet, and send the SOC of the second battery cabinet to the battery system management unit, and send the SOC of the second battery cabinet to the submodule controller, or send the SOC of the second battery cabinet to the upper control system. The second battery cluster management unit is further configured to determine the SOC of the first battery cabinet based on the main circuit current of the first battery cabinet, and send the SOC of the first battery cabinet to the battery system management unit, and send the SOC of the first battery cabinet to the submodule controller, or send the SOC of the first battery cabinet to the upper control system.

6. The energy storage system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes a third electrical cabinet; the third electrical cabinet includes: a third battery cluster management unit, a third electrical box, a third battery module management unit, and a third current acquisition module; The third battery module management unit and the third current acquisition module are both connected to the third battery cluster management unit, the third battery cluster management unit is connected to the battery system management unit, and the third battery cluster management unit is also connected to the second battery cluster management unit; The third battery cluster management unit is used to determine the battery information of the third battery cabinet based on the battery voltage and temperature of the third battery box collected by the third battery module management unit and the main circuit current of the third battery cabinet collected by the third current acquisition module. The battery information of the third battery cabinet is then sent to the battery system management unit and to the second battery cluster management unit, so that the second battery cluster management unit sends the battery information of the third battery cabinet to the battery system management unit, and sends the battery information of the third battery cabinet to the submodule controller via the first battery cluster management unit, or sends the battery information of the third battery cabinet to the upper-level control system via the first battery cluster management unit.

7. The energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first electrical cabinet further includes: at least one fourth electrical box and at least one fourth battery module management unit; the at least one fourth battery module management unit is connected in series with the first battery module management unit to form a first link; The second electrical cabinet further includes: at least one fifth electrical box and at least one fifth battery module management unit; the at least one fifth battery module management unit is connected in series with the second battery module management unit to form a second link; Furthermore, the fourth battery module management unit at the end of the first link is connected to the fifth battery module management unit at the end of the second link.

8. The energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second electrical cabinet further includes: at least one fifth electrical box and at least one fifth battery module management unit; the at least one fifth battery module management unit is connected in series with the second battery module management unit to form a second link; The third electrical cabinet further includes: at least one sixth electrical box and at least one sixth battery module management unit; the at least one sixth battery module management unit is connected in series with the third battery module management unit to form a third link; Furthermore, the sixth battery module management unit at the tail end of the third link is connected to the fifth battery module management unit at the tail end of the second link.

9. A first electrical cabinet, characterized in that, The first electrical cabinet includes a first interface; the first electrical cabinet also includes a second interface or a third interface; wherein, the first interface is used to connect to the battery system management unit of the energy storage system; the second interface is used to connect to the submodule controller of the energy storage system; and the third interface is used to connect to the upper-level control system of the energy storage system. The first power cabinet is used to send its battery information to the battery system management unit via the first interface. The battery system management unit is used to send the received battery information from the first power cabinet to the submodule controller and the upper-level control system, respectively. The first electrical cabinet is also used to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller through the second interface, or to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the upper-level control system through the third interface.

10. The first electrical cabinet according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first electrical cabinet includes: a first battery cluster management unit, a first electrical box, a first battery module management unit, and a first current acquisition module; wherein, the first interface, the second interface, and the third interface are all interfaces of the first battery cluster management unit; the first battery cluster management unit further includes a fourth interface and a fifth interface; the fourth interface is used to connect to the first battery module management unit; the fifth interface is used to connect to the first current acquisition module; The first battery module management unit is used to collect the battery voltage and battery temperature of the first battery box and send them to the first battery cluster management unit through the fourth interface; The first current acquisition module is used to acquire the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet and send it to the first battery cluster management unit through the fifth interface; The first battery cluster management unit is used to determine the battery information of the first electrical cabinet based on the battery voltage and temperature of the first electrical box and the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet, and to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit through the first interface, and to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the sub-module controller through the second interface, or to send the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the upper control system through the third interface.

11. A first battery cluster management unit, characterized in that, The first battery cluster management unit includes a first interface, a fourth interface, and a fifth interface; the first battery cluster management unit also includes a second interface or a third interface; the first interface is used to connect to the battery system management unit of the energy storage system; the second interface is used to connect to the submodule controller of the energy storage system; the third interface is used to connect to the upper-level control system of the energy storage system; the fourth interface is used to connect to the first battery module management unit located in the first electrical cabinet; the fifth interface is used to connect to the first current acquisition module of the first electrical cabinet. The first battery cluster management unit is used to receive the battery voltage and battery temperature of the first battery box collected by the first battery module management unit through the fourth interface; The system receives the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet collected by the first current acquisition module through the fifth interface, determines the battery information of the first electrical cabinet based on the battery voltage, battery temperature and the main circuit current of the first electrical cabinet, sends the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the battery system management unit through the first interface, sends the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the submodule controller through the second interface, or sends the battery information of the first electrical cabinet to the upper control system through the third interface.

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