Device and method for eliminating condensation inside transformer substation instrument

Abstract

The invention provides a device and method for eliminating condensation inside a transformer substation instrument, and belongs to the technical field of instrument protection. One end of the device body is connected with a connecting part used for being connected with an instrument in a sealed mode, a ventilation channel is formed in the connecting part and communicated with an inner cavity of the instrument, a ventilation cavity is formed in the device body and communicated with the ventilation channel, and ventilation holes communicated with the ventilation cavity are formed in the device body in the circumferential direction. The waterproof breathable film is arranged in the ventilation cavity and used for sealing the ventilation channel, and the waterproof breathable film has the functions of two-way ventilation and one-way water blocking from the ventilation hole to the ventilation channel. According to the device for eliminating the condensation in the transformer substation instrument, the core defects in the prior art are overcome, the multiple advantages of water blocking, ventilation, stable environment, convenient operation and maintenance and the like are achieved, and the threat of the condensation to the transformer substation instrument and the operation safety of a power grid is effectively overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of instrument protection technology, and more specifically, relates to a device and method for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments. Background Technology

[0002] As the core hub of the power system, the operational stability of a substation directly determines the reliability and security of power transmission. Instruments, as key monitoring and metering devices within a substation, are responsible for collecting core electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power, as well as equipment operating status data, providing important information for maintenance personnel to judge equipment conditions and troubleshoot faults.

[0003] However, the operating environment of substations has significant unique characteristics. On the one hand, to ensure the insulation performance of equipment and the safety of personnel, instruments are mostly installed inside enclosed or semi-enclosed cabinets, which inherently limit ventilation. On the other hand, substations are widely distributed and often face complex environments such as large diurnal temperature differences, high humidity, and rainy or snowy weather. Especially during the rainy season, low-temperature periods in winter, or in coastal areas with high humidity, the humidity inside the cabinets can rise sharply. When the temperature inside the instruments is lower than the dew point temperature of the ambient air, water vapor in the air will condense on the inner walls of the instruments and the surfaces of components, forming condensation. The presence of condensation will seriously affect the measurement accuracy of the instruments, and long-term accumulation will also corrode internal circuits and components, and even cause short-circuit faults, directly threatening the operational safety of the substation. Therefore, the problem of condensation inside instruments has become a key technical challenge that urgently needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments, aiming to solve the problem of condensation forming on the inner wall of instruments and the surface of components, which corrodes internal circuits and components, and may even cause short circuit faults, threatening the safe operation of substations.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments, comprising: The device body has a connection part at one end for sealing and connecting the instrument. The connection part has a ventilation channel inside, which is connected to the inner cavity of the instrument. The device body has a ventilation chamber inside, which is connected to the ventilation channel. The device body has a ventilation hole in its circumference that is connected to the ventilation chamber. A waterproof and breathable membrane is disposed in the ventilation chamber to seal the ventilation channel. The waterproof and breathable membrane has the functions of bidirectional air permeability and unidirectional water blocking from the ventilation holes to the ventilation channel.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the connecting part is an externally threaded tube integrally formed at one end of the device body. The externally threaded tube is used for sealing connection in the pre-made threaded hole of the instrument panel. The ventilation channel is axially opened in the externally threaded tube, and the device body forms a multi-faceted structure in the circumferential direction.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the device body includes: A base is connected to the upper end of the connecting part, and one end of the ventilation channel extends to the end face of the base; Multiple protrusions are spaced apart on the upper surface of the base, forming an air exchange gap between two adjacent protrusions. The waterproof and breathable membrane is disposed on the upper surface of the base and is surrounded inside by the multiple protrusions. The top cover is fastened to the ends of the plurality of protrusions, and the ventilation holes are formed between the ventilation gap and the top cover.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the end face of the base is provided with an assembly groove, an installation ring is bonded in the assembly groove, the waterproof and breathable membrane is disposed in the inner hole of the installation ring, and the outer diameter of the waterproof and breathable membrane is larger than the inner diameter of the ventilation channel.

[0009] One possible implementation also includes: A dust cover is fitted around the outer periphery of the main body of the device. One end of the dust cover has a pressure ring extending inward in the circumferential direction. The main body of the device presses the pressure ring onto the end face of the instrument.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments provided by this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, firstly, the device connects the instrument cavity with the ventilation chamber of the main body of the device through the ventilation channel of the connecting part, and constructs a complete ventilation circuit with the circumferential ventilation holes of the main body of the device. At the same time, the waterproof and breathable membrane in the ventilation chamber seals the ventilation channel. Its bidirectional ventilation function allows the air inside the instrument to circulate freely with the outside air through the ventilation circuit, realizing a rapid balance of temperature and humidity inside and outside the instrument, and avoiding condensation due to the temperature inside the instrument being lower than the dew point temperature of the outside air. At the same time, the waterproof and breathable membrane has a one-way water-blocking function from the ventilation hole to the ventilation channel, which can effectively block rainwater and moisture from entering the instrument cavity through the ventilation hole and ventilation channel while ensuring ventilation, thus reducing the probability of condensation formation.

[0011] Secondly, the two-way ventilation function can promptly expel trace amounts of moisture generated by the heat generated by the internal components of the instrument, as well as humid air introduced during installation, preventing internal moisture accumulation and condensation. On the other hand, the one-way water-blocking function can isolate the instrument's internal components from the influence of high-humidity external environments, ensuring that the instrument's interior is always in a relatively dry and stable environment. This design makes it difficult for condensation to form on the inner walls of the instrument and the surfaces of components, thus effectively preventing corrosion of internal circuits and components by condensation, reducing short-circuit faults caused by condensation, providing reliable protection for the accurate measurement and stable operation of the instrument, and indirectly improving the overall safety and reliability of the substation.

[0012] Finally, the main body of the device is sealed to the instrument through the connecting part, which is simple in structure and reliable in sealing, and can be adapted to different types of substation instruments; the waterproof and breathable membrane integrates two-way air permeability and one-way water blocking function, eliminating the need for additional desiccant or dehumidification equipment, reducing equipment investment costs; at the same time, the membrane has strong stability and is not easy to be blocked by dust or fail due to aging, reducing the frequency of inspection and replacement in the later operation and maintenance process, adapting to the harsh working conditions of long-term continuous operation of substations, and further reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0013] In summary, through its scientific structural design, this device not only solves the core defects of existing technologies but also achieves multiple advantages such as water resistance and air permeability, environmental stability, and convenient operation and maintenance. It effectively addresses the threat of condensation to the safety of substation instruments and power grid operation, and has significant technical value and practical significance.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments, comprising the following steps: S1: Statistically analyze the models and quantities of instruments that have experienced condensation in the substation over the past three years, prioritize the discharge counter and surge arrester operation monitor instruments with high condensation incidence, and determine the installation location based on the instrument panel material. For acrylic panels, select the edge area of ​​the panel for opening; for glass panels, select the non-stressed area on the side of the instrument panel for opening. S2: Process the main body and connecting part of the device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments, polish the inner wall of the ventilation channel and ventilation chamber, and then paste the waterproof and breathable membrane to one end of the ventilation channel. Before pasting, the pasting surface is plasma treated. S3: Connect and install the assembled device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments at the opening. Then, use the positive pressure leak detection method to test the sealing of the device. Fill the instrument with dry compressed air and keep it for 30 minutes. If the pressure drop does not exceed 0.001MPa, it is considered qualified. S4: After installation, conduct a visual inspection of the device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments every month. Use a humidity sensor to detect the internal humidity of the instruments every quarter. If the internal humidity exceeds 60%RH for three consecutive days, replace the waterproof and breathable membrane before testing. If the internal humidity still exceeds 60%RH for three consecutive days, replace the entire device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments, and the replacement cycle shall not exceed two years.

[0015] In one possible implementation, in step S1, the instrument type screening further includes measuring the internal volume of the instrument. The effective internal volume of the instrument is measured by the drainage method. When the volume is greater than 1L, two devices for eliminating condensation inside the substation instrument are symmetrically installed on the instrument panel. The distance between the two devices for eliminating condensation inside the substation instrument is not less than 1 / 2 of the maximum cross-sectional diameter of the instrument.

[0016] In one possible implementation, in step S4, an infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the surface temperature distribution of the instrument. When the temperature difference between the inside of the instrument and the external environment exceeds 12°C, an insulation layer is added to the outside of the instrument panel. The insulation layer is made of aluminum silicate cotton with a thickness of 5-10mm. There is a 2-3mm air gap between the insulation layer and the instrument panel to form an air insulation layer. In one possible implementation, during step S4, when the waterproof and breathable membrane is replaced, the ventilation holes and ventilation channels need to be cleared. A nylon cleaning strip is inserted into the channel and wiped back and forth 3-5 times. Then, dry nitrogen is introduced to purge from the ventilation holes toward the ventilation channels. The nitrogen pressure is 0.1-0.15 MPa and the purging time is 10-20 seconds.

[0017] In one possible implementation, in step S4, the waterproof and breathable membrane is an EPTFE membrane with a breathability attenuation coefficient of δ, and the humidity H inside the monitoring instrument is... in External environmental humidity H out The air velocity v in the ventilation channel is used to establish a coupled model and calculate the dehumidification efficiency η of the device for eliminating condensation inside the substation instruments. The calculation formula is as follows: ; Where η is the dehumidification efficiency, k is the wind speed influence coefficient, and t is the usage time; Replace the EPTFE membrane when the dehumidification efficiency η is below 60% for 72 consecutive hours.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the method for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments provided by this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, step S1 identifies instruments prone to condensation, such as discharge counters and surge arrester operation monitors, by statistically analyzing condensation data from the substation over the past three years, thus avoiding blind investment in prevention and control resources; simultaneously, it combines the differentiated design of opening positions based on the instrument panel material, selecting edge areas for acrylic panels and non-stressed areas on the sides for glass panels, effectively avoiding damage to the structural strength and appearance of the instruments by the openings, while ensuring the compatibility of subsequent device installation, thereby improving the accuracy of condensation prevention and control from the source. Step S2, after processing the main body and connecting parts of the device, polishes the inner walls of the ventilation channel and ventilation chamber, effectively reducing airflow resistance and ensuring temperature and humidity balance efficiency; the plasma treatment before pasting the waterproof and breathable membrane significantly enhances the adhesion of the pasting surface, solving the problems of easy membrane detachment and sealing failure in traditional pasting processes. Step S3 employs a positive pressure leak detection method for sealing testing. Dry compressed air is injected into the instrument and pressurized for 30 minutes. A pressure drop of no more than 0.001 MPa is considered acceptable. This rigorous verification method thoroughly eliminates potential hazards such as installation gaps and process defects, preventing the risk of moisture intrusion due to insufficient sealing and ensuring the device can stably perform its water-blocking and air-permeable functions after commissioning. Step S4 establishes a routine monitoring system of monthly visual inspections and quarterly humidity tests, enabling timely detection of issues such as device damage and abnormal humidity. For situations where internal humidity exceeds 60% RH for three consecutive days, a tiered handling plan is developed: "Replace the waterproof and breathable membrane first, then test; if still not meeting the standard, replace the entire device." This avoids the cost waste caused by blindly replacing the device. Simultaneously, a maximum replacement cycle of two years is defined, balancing the device's lifespan and control effectiveness while providing clear timeline guidance for maintenance work. Furthermore, the entire method, through differentiated opening design and standardized equipment processing, can be adapted to new and old instruments of different materials and models. Especially in the scenario of retrofitting existing instruments, condensation control can be achieved without replacing the entire instrument, which greatly reduces the retrofit investment. It takes into account both technical feasibility and economic rationality, and has broad application value. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A front view of the device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1A sectional view along the middle AA; Figure 3 For based on Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure after the dust cover has been installed; Figure 4 The flowchart of a method for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments provided by the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Main body of the device; 2. External threaded pipe; 3. Ventilation channel; 4. Ventilation hole; 5. Base; 6. Protrusion; 7. Top cover; 8. Mounting ring; 9. Waterproof and breathable membrane; 10. Dust cover; 11. Pressure ring. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise explicitly specified, the use of terms such as "first," "second," or "third" is intended to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order.

[0024] Unless otherwise expressly defined, the use of directional terms such as “center,” “lateral,” “longitudinal,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” “outer,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “clockwise,” “counterclockwise,” “high,” and “low” to indicate orientation or positional relationships is based on the orientation and positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and is only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the specific scope of protection of the invention.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention will now describe a device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments. The device includes a main body 1 and a waterproof and breathable membrane 9. One end of the main body 1 is connected to a connecting part for sealing the connection of the instrument. The connecting part has a ventilation channel 3 inside, which communicates with the inner cavity of the instrument. The main body 1 has a ventilation chamber inside, which communicates with the ventilation channel 3. The main body 1 has ventilation holes 4 circumferentially arranged to communicate with the ventilation chamber. The waterproof and breathable membrane 9 is disposed inside the ventilation chamber and is used to seal the ventilation channel 3. The waterproof and breathable membrane 9 has bidirectional ventilation and unidirectional water blocking functions from the ventilation holes 4 to the ventilation channel 3.

[0026] This invention provides a device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments. Compared with existing technologies, firstly, the device connects the instrument's internal cavity to the ventilation chamber of the device body 1 through the ventilation channel 3 of the connecting part. This, combined with the circumferential ventilation holes 4 of the device body 1, forms a complete ventilation circuit. Simultaneously, a waterproof and breathable membrane 9 within the ventilation chamber seals the ventilation channel 3. Its bidirectional ventilation function allows free flow between the instrument's internal and external air through the ventilation circuit, achieving rapid temperature and humidity balance between the instrument's internal and external environments, preventing condensation from forming when the instrument's internal temperature is lower than the external air dew point temperature. Furthermore, the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 has a one-way water-blocking function from the ventilation holes 4 to the ventilation channel 3, effectively preventing external rainwater and moisture from invading the instrument's internal cavity through the ventilation holes 4 and the ventilation channel 3 while ensuring ventilation, thus reducing the probability of condensation formation.

[0027] Secondly, the two-way ventilation function can promptly expel trace amounts of moisture generated by the heat generated by the internal components of the instrument, as well as humid air introduced during installation, preventing internal moisture accumulation and condensation. On the other hand, the one-way water-blocking function can isolate the instrument's internal components from the influence of high-humidity external environments, ensuring that the instrument's interior is always in a relatively dry and stable environment. This design makes it difficult for condensation to form on the inner walls of the instrument and the surfaces of components, thus effectively preventing corrosion of internal circuits and components by condensation, reducing short-circuit faults caused by condensation, providing reliable protection for the accurate measurement and stable operation of the instrument, and indirectly improving the overall safety and reliability of the substation.

[0028] Finally, the main body 1 of the device is sealed to the instrument through the connecting part, which has a simple structure and reliable sealing performance, and can be adapted to different types of substation instruments; the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 integrates two-way air permeability and one-way water blocking function, eliminating the need for additional desiccant or dehumidification equipment, thus reducing equipment investment costs; at the same time, the membrane has strong stability and is not easily blocked by dust or aged, reducing the frequency of inspection and replacement in the later operation and maintenance process, adapting to the harsh working conditions of long-term continuous operation of substations, and further reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0029] In summary, through its scientific structural design, this device not only solves the core defects of existing technologies but also achieves multiple advantages such as water resistance and air permeability, environmental stability, and convenient operation and maintenance. It effectively addresses the threat of condensation to the safety of substation instruments and power grid operation, and has significant technical value and practical significance.

[0030] Specifically, the connecting part is an externally threaded tube 2 integrally formed at one end of the main body 1 of the device. The externally threaded tube 2 is used for sealing connection within the pre-made threaded hole of the instrument panel. The ventilation channel 3 is axially opened within the externally threaded tube 2, forming a multi-faceted structure around the main body 1 of the device. This effectively reduces the risk of external moisture intruding through the connection gaps. Combined with the bidirectional ventilation function of the waterproof and breathable membrane 9, it makes the airflow path between the inside of the instrument and the outside more smooth, quickly balancing the internal and external temperature and humidity, and preventing condensation from forming at the source. At the same time, the one-way water-blocking function can completely block rainwater and moisture from intruding through the ventilation hole 4, taking into account both sealing and ventilation functions. Compared with the circular structure, the multi-faceted structure of the main body 1 of the device is easier to position during installation and can be quickly tightened or disassembled using tools such as wrenches. At the same time, the multi-faceted structure disperses the external force, reducing the risk of damage to the device due to accidental impact.

[0031] Specifically, the main body 1 of the device includes a base 5, multiple protrusions 6, and a top cover 7. The lower end of the base 5 is fixedly connected to the upper end of an integrally formed external threaded tube 2, and the ventilation channel 3 inside the external threaded tube 2 extends axially to the upper end face of the base 5; multiple protrusions 6 are distributed circumferentially on the upper end face of the base 5, and the protrusions 6 and the base 5 are integrally formed, with a through ventilation gap naturally formed between adjacent protrusions 6; a waterproof and breathable membrane 9 is laid on the upper end face of the base 5 and is surrounded and limited by multiple protrusions 6 to achieve precise alignment and sealing with the port of the ventilation channel 3; the top cover 7 is assembled to the top of multiple protrusions 6 in a snap-fit ​​manner, and the top cover 7 is tightly fitted to the ends of the protrusions 6, so that a bent ventilation hole 4 is formed between the ventilation gap and the top cover 7, thus constructing a ventilation path.

[0032] The confining space formed by multiple protrusions 6 provides an installation reference for the waterproof and breathable membrane 9, allowing it to be directly embedded into the enclosed area. Coaxial alignment with the ventilation channel 3 port can be achieved without additional positioning tools, improving assembly efficiency. The protrusions 6 provide circumferential confinement for the waterproof and breathable membrane 9, and together with the support of the upper surface of the base 5, prevent the membrane 9 from shifting easily under airflow impact, temperature changes, or slight vibrations, solving the problem of traditional membranes easily shifting and causing sealing failure. The modular assembly method makes replacing the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 more convenient; only the top cover 7 needs to be removed to take out the old membrane, reducing maintenance difficulty.

[0033] The multi-air-exchange gap structure of this device creates micro-vortices in the internal air under vibration, which can blow away fine dust deposited on the surface of the waterproof and breathable membrane 9, achieving vibration self-cleaning. At the same time, the air exchange holes 4 and air exchange channels 3 form a tortuous air exchange path, which can block most large dust particles from entering. Only a small amount of fine dust will enter and settle at the edge of the base 5 due to the micro-vortex effect, rather than adhering to the membrane surface, thus solving the problem of dust clogging causing air permeability failure in traditional devices.

[0034] Specifically, the end face of the base 5 is provided with an assembly groove, and an installation ring 8 is bonded inside the assembly groove. The waterproof and breathable membrane 9 is set in the inner hole of the installation ring 8, and the outer diameter of the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 is larger than the inner diameter of the ventilation channel 3. The bonding between the installation ring 8 and the assembly groove forms a stable and rigid fixation. Combined with the natural limiting effect of the inner hole of the installation ring 8 on the waterproof and breathable membrane 9, it solves the problem that traditional membranes, which rely solely on adhesive, are prone to displacement, bulging, or even detachment under airflow impact, temperature fluctuations, or slight vibrations.

[0035] The design of the waterproof and breathable membrane 9, with an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the ventilation channel 3, allows the membrane to completely cover the channel port, forming a surface seal. This significantly increases the sealing contact area compared to a design with equal diameters. Combined with the protective function of the mounting ring 8, it blocks the path of water vapor penetration from the membrane edge. Simultaneously, this structural design optimizes the assembly and maintenance process. The standardized structure of the assembly slot eliminates the need for specialized tooling for assembling the mounting ring 8, improving production efficiency. When replacing the waterproof and breathable membrane 9, only the relevant components need to be disassembled and the mounting ring 8 removed, without damaging the main body 1 of the device or the connection between the device and the instrument, greatly reducing maintenance difficulty and cost. Supported by the mounting ring 8, the membrane remains flat and wrinkle-free, ensuring smooth and stable bidirectional ventilation. This allows for rapid balancing of temperature and humidity inside and outside the instrument, guaranteeing the continuity of condensation control.

[0036] In extreme environments, the bonding structure between the mounting ring 8 and the assembly groove can effectively absorb the thermal expansion and contraction stress generated by high and low temperature cycles (-40℃ to 85℃), preventing the sealing structure from failing. In coastal high humidity or rainstorm environments, the bonding seal between the mounting ring 8 and the assembly groove can also form a secondary water barrier. Even if a small amount of water vapor seeps into the ventilation area, it will be collected and contained by the assembly groove and cannot invade the instrument cavity.

[0037] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 is larger than the inner diameter of the ventilation channel 3. When airflow passes through, a buffer zone is formed between the mounting ring 8 and the channel. Large dust particles settle to the bottom of the assembly groove due to centrifugal force, significantly reducing dust accumulation on the membrane surface. At the same time, the mounting ring 8 can prevent external debris from directly impacting the membrane, reducing the risk of blockage and damage, and significantly extending the maintenance-free cycle of the device. The optimized adaptability and compatibility further meet the actual operation and maintenance needs. By replacing the mounting ring 8 with different inner diameters, it can easily adapt to ventilation channels 3 of different specifications or old instrument thread holes with slight wear, without modifying the main body 1 of the device. The compatibility of the assembly groove with waterproof and breathable membranes 9 of different thicknesses also improves the adaptability to membranes of different brands and models, reducing procurement and replacement costs.

[0038] Please see Figure 3The device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments also includes a dust cover 10. The dust cover 10 is fitted around the outer periphery of the main body 1 of the device. One end of the dust cover 10 has a pressure ring 11 extending inwards, which the main body 1 presses against the end face of the instrument. After the dust cover 10 is fitted around the outer periphery of the main body 1, it can directly prevent such debris from adhering to the surface of the main body 1, avoiding blockage of the ventilation holes 4 or entry into the ventilation gap. This reduces the risk of dust accumulation on the surface of the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 from the source. Combined with the inner filtration function of the waterproof and breathable membrane 9, it forms a dual protection system of outer dust blocking and inner breathable and water-resistant protection.

[0039] After the pressure ring 11 at one end of the dust cover 10 is pressed onto the instrument end face by the main body 1 of the device, it can tightly fill the tiny gap between the main body 1 of the device and the instrument end face. This gap is a weak link that is difficult to be completely covered by a simple thread seal. The axial pressing design of the pressure ring 11 can completely block the path of external water vapor and moisture from entering through the threaded connection gap, thereby improving the overall sealing level of the device and effectively coping with humid environments such as the plum rain season and high humidity in coastal areas, further reducing the causes of condensation inside the instrument.

[0040] In addition, the flexible dust cover 10 can form a circumferential wrapping constraint on the main body 1 of the device, buffering the impact of vibration transmission on the main body 1 of the device; at the same time, the tight fit between the pressure ring 11 and the end face of the instrument increases the installation contact area of ​​the device, forms axial positioning assistance, enhances the anti-loosening ability of the threaded connection, and ensures that the device can still maintain structural stability in a vibration environment.

[0041] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments, comprising the following steps: S1: Statistically analyze the models and quantities of instruments that have experienced condensation in the substation over the past three years, prioritize the discharge counter and surge arrester operation monitor instruments with high condensation incidence, and determine the installation location based on the instrument panel material. For acrylic panels, select the edge area of ​​the panel for opening; for glass panels, select the non-stressed area on the side of the instrument panel for opening. S2: Process the main body 1 and connecting part of the device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments, polish the inner wall of the ventilation channel 3 and the ventilation chamber, and then attach the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 to one end of the ventilation channel 3. Before attaching, the surface to be attached is treated with plasma. S3: Connect and install the assembled device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments at the opening. Then, use the positive pressure leak detection method to test the sealing of the device. Fill the instrument with dry compressed air and keep it for 30 minutes. If the pressure drop does not exceed 0.001MPa, it is considered qualified. S4: After installation, conduct a visual inspection of the condensation elimination device inside the substation instruments every month. Use a humidity sensor to detect the internal humidity of the instruments every quarter. If the internal humidity exceeds 60%RH for three consecutive days, replace the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 before testing. If the internal humidity still exceeds 60%RH for three consecutive days, replace the entire condensation elimination device inside the substation instruments, and the replacement cycle shall not exceed two years.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the method for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments provided by this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, step S1 identifies instruments prone to condensation, such as discharge counters and surge arrester operation monitors, by statistically analyzing condensation data from the substation over the past three years, thus avoiding blind investment in prevention and control resources; simultaneously, it combines the differentiated design of opening positions based on the instrument panel material, selecting edge areas for acrylic panels and non-stressed areas on the sides for glass panels, effectively avoiding damage to the structural strength and appearance of the instruments by the openings, while ensuring the compatibility of subsequent device installation, thereby improving the accuracy of condensation prevention and control from the source. Step S2, after processing the main body 1 and connecting parts of the device, polishes the inner walls of the ventilation channel 3 and the ventilation chamber, effectively reducing airflow resistance and ensuring temperature and humidity balance efficiency; the plasma treatment before pasting the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 significantly enhances the adhesion of the pasting surface, solving the problems of easy membrane detachment and sealing failure in traditional pasting processes. Step S3 employs a positive pressure leak detection method for sealing testing. Dry compressed air is injected into the instrument and pressurized for 30 minutes. A pressure drop of no more than 0.001 MPa is considered acceptable. This rigorous verification method thoroughly eliminates potential hazards such as installation gaps and process defects, preventing the risk of moisture intrusion due to insufficient sealing and ensuring the device can stably perform its water-blocking and air-permeable functions after commissioning. Step S4 establishes a routine monitoring system of monthly visual inspections and quarterly humidity tests, enabling timely detection of issues such as device damage and abnormal humidity. For situations where internal humidity exceeds 60% RH for three consecutive days, a tiered handling plan is developed: "Replace the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 first, then test; if still not meeting the standard, replace the entire unit." This avoids the cost waste caused by blindly replacing the device. Simultaneously, a maximum replacement cycle of two years is clearly defined, balancing the device's service life and control effectiveness while providing clear timeline guidance for maintenance work. Furthermore, the entire method, through differentiated opening design and standardized equipment processing, can be adapted to new and old instruments of different materials and models. Especially in the scenario of retrofitting existing instruments, condensation control can be achieved without replacing the entire instrument, which greatly reduces the retrofit investment. It takes into account both technical feasibility and economic rationality, and has broad application value.

[0043] In step S1, the instrument type screening also includes measuring the internal volume of the instrument. The effective internal volume is measured using the drainage method. When the volume is greater than 1L, the internal airflow path is longer, and the temperature and humidity distribution is more prone to unevenness. A single device alone cannot quickly balance the overall environment. However, the design of symmetrically installing two devices can create a bidirectional airflow circulation inside the instrument, accelerating the exchange rate of internal and external air, ensuring the uniformity of temperature and humidity in all areas inside a large-volume instrument, and fundamentally improving the comprehensiveness of condensation control. The distance between the two condensation elimination devices inside the substation instrument should be no less than 1 / 2 of the instrument's maximum cross-sectional diameter. This avoids airflow interference and ventilation blind spots caused by excessively close device spacing, and the symmetrical layout ensures that the ventilation range covers the entire internal cavity of the instrument, ensuring sufficient airflow in every area, even in instruments with large volumes, effectively reducing the risk of localized condensation.

[0044] In step S4, an infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the surface temperature distribution of the instrument. When the temperature difference between the inside of the instrument and the external environment exceeds 12℃, a heat insulation layer is added to the outside of the instrument panel, shifting from passive handling to active intervention and blocking the conditions for water vapor condensation at the source. The heat insulation layer is made of aluminum silicate cotton with a thickness of 5-10mm to adapt to the temperature difference scenario in substations. A 2-3mm air gap is left between the heat insulation layer and the instrument panel, utilizing the low thermal conductivity of air to enhance the heat insulation effect, forming an air insulation layer to avoid poor heat dissipation of the instrument due to direct contact with the heat insulation layer, thus protecting the internal components. Furthermore, it forms a synergistic effect of temperature control and ventilation with the original ventilation device, reducing the uneven temperature and humidity inside large-volume instruments, reducing the ventilation load of the ventilation device, and extending the life of components such as the waterproof and breathable membrane.

[0045] In step S4, when replacing the waterproof and breathable membrane 9, the ventilation holes 4 and ventilation channels 3 also need to be cleared. A nylon cleaning strip is inserted into the channels and wiped back and forth 3-5 times. Then, dry nitrogen gas is introduced and blown from the ventilation holes 4 towards the ventilation channels 3. The nitrogen pressure is 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the blowing time is 10-20 seconds. Wiping back and forth with the nylon cleaning strip 3-5 times physically removes accumulated dust and impurities from the ventilation holes 4 and ventilation channels 3. Blowing with dry nitrogen gas (0.1-0.15 MPa, 10-20 seconds) further removes residual debris, preventing poor ventilation caused by blocked channels and ensuring that the core breathability function of the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 is immediately restored after replacement. After clearing, the inner wall of the channels is clean and free of debris, preventing sharp impurities from scratching the new membrane or causing uneven adhesion. Combined with the drying effect of nitrogen blowing, this reduces the initial erosion of the new membrane by the humid environment and extends the effective service life of the membrane. By specifying quantitative parameters such as the number of wipes, nitrogen pressure, and purging time, a standardized unblocking process is formed, eliminating the need to rely on the experience of maintenance personnel, lowering the operational threshold, and ensuring consistent results for different personnel.

[0046] In step S4, the waterproof and breathable membrane 9 is made of EPTFE membrane, with a breathability attenuation coefficient of δ, and the humidity H inside the monitoring instrument is measured. in External environmental humidity H out The wind speed v in ventilation channel 3 is used to establish a coupled model and calculate the dehumidification efficiency η of the device for eliminating condensation inside the substation instruments. The calculation formula is as follows: Where η is the dehumidification efficiency, k is the wind speed influence coefficient, and t is the usage time. Quantitative evaluation of the dehumidification efficiency η breaks the ambiguity of traditional experience-based judgments, allowing maintenance personnel to accurately determine whether the device's dehumidification capacity meets standards. When the dehumidification efficiency η is below 60% for 72 consecutive hours, the EPTFE membrane should be replaced. This avoids resource waste caused by premature replacement due to incomplete membrane failure, and also prevents the risk of dehumidification failure and condensation recurrence due to excessive membrane degradation, thus achieving scientific control over maintenance timing.

[0047] The model simultaneously considers the coupled effects of multiple factors such as humidity difference, wind speed, and time decay, for example, wind speed v By analyzing the influence of wind speed coefficient k on dehumidification efficiency and the performance degradation of the air permeability attenuation coefficient δ over time t, implicit correlations between various parameters can be revealed (e.g., short-term dehumidification efficiency increases under high wind speeds, but membrane degradation may accelerate), providing a theoretical basis for device optimization design (e.g., wind speed optimization of ventilation channel 3). A continuous 72-hour monitoring cycle can filter out short-term fluctuations (e.g., temporary humidity anomalies caused by extreme weather), ensuring the accuracy of early warnings. The model's adaptability to multiple scenarios (e.g., different humidity differences and wind speed environments) allows it to operate stably under diverse substation conditions, such as high humidity in coastal areas and dry inland areas, achieving dynamic dehumidification efficiency early warnings across scenarios. The application of the quantitative model, combined with online monitoring equipment (e.g., humidity sensors and wind speed sensors), enables automatic calculation and real-time early warning of dehumidification efficiency, reducing subjective errors from manual inspections, promoting the digital transformation of substation instrument condensation control, and aligning with the development trend of smart substations.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments, characterized in that, include: The device body (1) has a connection part for sealing and connecting the instrument at one end. The connection part has a ventilation channel (3) inside, which is connected to the inner cavity of the instrument. The device body (1) has a ventilation chamber inside, which is connected to the ventilation channel (3). The device body (1) has a ventilation hole (4) in the circumferential direction that is connected to the ventilation chamber. A waterproof and breathable membrane (9) is disposed in the ventilation chamber to seal the ventilation channel (3). The waterproof and breathable membrane (9) has the functions of bidirectional air permeability and unidirectional water blocking from the ventilation hole (4) to the ventilation channel (3).

2. The device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting part is an external threaded tube (2) integrally formed on one end of the main body (1) of the device. The external threaded tube (2) is used to seal and connect to the pre-made threaded hole of the instrument panel. The ventilation channel (3) is axially opened in the external threaded tube (2). The main body (1) of the device forms a multi-faceted structure in the circumference.

3. The device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main body (1) of the device includes: The base (5) is connected to the upper end of the connecting part, and one end of the ventilation channel (3) extends to the end face of the base (5). Multiple protrusions (6) are spaced apart on the upper surface of the base (5) in the circumferential direction, and an air exchange gap is formed between two adjacent protrusions (6). The waterproof and breathable membrane (9) is disposed on the upper surface of the base (5) and is surrounded inside by the multiple protrusions (6). The top cover (7) is fastened to the ends of the plurality of protrusions (6), and the ventilation hole (4) is formed between the ventilation gap and the top cover (7).

4. The device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The end face of the base (5) is provided with an assembly groove, and an installation ring (8) is bonded in the assembly groove. The waterproof and breathable membrane (9) is disposed in the inner hole of the installation ring (8) and the outer diameter of the waterproof and breathable membrane (9) is larger than the inner diameter of the ventilation channel (3).

5. A device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Also includes: A dust cover (10) is fitted around the outer periphery of the device body (1). One end of the dust cover (10) is provided with a pressing ring (11) extending inward. The device body (1) presses the pressing ring (11) onto the end face of the instrument.

6. A method for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Statistically analyze the models and quantities of instruments that have experienced condensation in the substation over the past three years, prioritize the discharge counter and surge arrester operation monitor instruments with high condensation incidence, and determine the installation location based on the instrument panel material. For acrylic panels, select the edge area of ​​the panel for opening; for glass panels, select the non-stressed area on the side of the instrument panel for opening. S2: Process the main body (1) and connecting part of the device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments as described in any one of claims 1-5, polish the inner wall of the ventilation channel (3) and the ventilation chamber, and then attach the waterproof and breathable membrane (9) to one end of the ventilation channel (3). Before attaching, the attaching surface is subjected to plasma treatment. S3: Connect and install the assembled device for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments at the opening. Then, use the positive pressure leak detection method to test the sealing of the device. Fill the instrument with dry compressed air and keep it for 30 minutes. If the pressure drop does not exceed 0.001MPa, it is considered qualified. S4: After installation, conduct an appearance inspection of the device for eliminating condensation inside the substation instrument every month. Use a humidity sensor to detect the humidity inside the instrument every quarter. If the internal humidity exceeds 60%RH for three consecutive days, replace the waterproof and breathable membrane (9) before testing. If the internal humidity still exceeds 60%RH for three consecutive days, replace the device for eliminating condensation inside the substation instrument as a whole, and the replacement cycle shall not exceed two years.

7. A method for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the instrument type screening also includes measuring the internal volume of the instrument. The effective internal volume of the instrument is measured by the drainage method. When the volume is greater than 1L, two devices for eliminating condensation inside the substation instrument are symmetrically installed on the instrument panel. The distance between the two devices for eliminating condensation inside the substation instrument is not less than 1 / 2 of the maximum cross-sectional diameter of the instrument.

8. A method for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, an infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the surface temperature distribution of the instrument. When the temperature difference between the inside of the instrument and the external environment exceeds 12°C, an insulation layer is added to the outside of the instrument panel. The insulation layer is made of aluminum silicate cotton with a thickness of 5-10mm. A 2-3mm air gap is left between the insulation layer and the instrument panel to form an air insulation layer.

9. A method for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, when the waterproof and breathable membrane (9) is replaced, the ventilation holes (4) and ventilation channels (3) need to be cleared. A nylon cleaning rod is inserted into the channel and wiped back and forth 3-5 times. Then, dry nitrogen gas is introduced and blown from the ventilation holes (4) toward the ventilation channels (3). The nitrogen pressure is 0.1-0.15MPa and the blowing time is 10-20s.

10. A method for eliminating condensation inside substation instruments as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the waterproof and breathable membrane (9) is made of EPTFE membrane with a breathability attenuation coefficient of δ, and the humidity H inside the monitoring instrument is measured. in External environmental humidity H out The wind speed v in the ventilation channel (3) is used to establish a coupled model and calculate the dehumidification efficiency η of the device for eliminating condensation inside the substation instruments. The calculation formula is as follows: ； Where η is the dehumidification efficiency. k The wind speed influence coefficient, t For usage time; Replace the EPTFE membrane when the dehumidification efficiency η is below 60% for 72 consecutive hours.

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