Method and device for determining number of subcarriers and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and device for determining the number of subcarriers and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: receiving an uplink reference signal sent by a terminal to a base station, and determining signal to interference plus noise ratio data according to the uplink reference signal; determining a signal to interference plus noise ratio average value and a signal to interference plus noise ratio variance value according to the signal to interference plus noise ratio data; and determining a target multi-carrier level according to the signal to interference and noise ratio average value and the signal to interference and noise ratio variance value, the target multi-carrier level being at least used for indicating the number of subcarriers for scheduling target data, and the target data being uplink data sent by the terminal to the base station in a non-ground network scene of the Internet of Things. The technical problem that the data transmission efficiency and the user rate experience are affected due to the fact that the number of subcarriers used for data scheduling cannot be accurately determined in a non-ground network of the Internet of Things in the related technology is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus, and electronic device for determining the number of subcarriers. Background Technology

[0002] In current terrestrial network technologies, especially Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology, the subcarrier configuration used for uplink data transmission can be 15kHz or 3.75kHz. The base station dynamically adjusts the number of subcarriers used for uplink data transmission by monitoring the power headroom (PH) of the signal uploaded by the terminal. This process is called uplink multi-tone adaptation, where multi-tone transmission means that the terminal can use multiple subcarriers simultaneously for data transmission.

[0003] In IoT Non-Terrestrial Network (IoT NTN) scenarios, the distance between terminals and satellites increases significantly, jumping from hundreds of kilometers to tens of thousands of kilometers. Compared to terrestrial cellular networks, this long-distance transmission leads to a sharp increase in link loss. To maintain effective data communication, terminals often have to transmit signals at maximum power. Under full-power transmission, using only the power margin (PH) for multi-tone adaptive adjustment in IoT NTN scenarios is no longer sufficient for efficient multi-tone adaptation. It also fails to accurately and efficiently determine the number of subcarriers used for data scheduling, thus affecting data transmission efficiency and user experience.

[0004] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method, apparatus, and electronic device for determining the number of subcarriers, in order to at least solve the technical problem in related technologies where the number of subcarriers used for data scheduling cannot be accurately determined in non-terrestrial IoT networks, thereby affecting data transmission efficiency and user speed experience.

[0006] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a method for determining the number of subcarriers is provided, comprising: receiving an uplink reference signal sent by a terminal to a base station and determining signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data based on the uplink reference signal; determining an average SINR value and a variance SINR value based on the SINR data; and determining a target multicarrier level based on the average SINR value and the variance SINR value, wherein the target multicarrier level is at least used to indicate the number of subcarriers scheduled for target data, and the target data is uplink data sent by a terminal to a base station in an Internet of Things (IoT) non-terrestrial network scenario.

[0007] Optionally, receiving uplink reference signals sent by the receiving terminal to the base station and determining signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data based on the uplink reference signals includes: receiving uplink reference signals sent by the terminal to the base station within a target time period according to a preset receiving frequency to obtain an uplink reference signal set, wherein the target time period is a first preset time period before the terminal sends target data to the base station or a second preset time period during the data transmission process of the terminal sending target data to the base station; and determining SINR data based on the uplink reference signal set, wherein the SINR data includes the SINR corresponding to each preset receiving frequency.

[0008] Optionally, determining the target multicarrier level based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) and the SIR variance includes: determining a first preset multicarrier level from multiple preset multicarrier levels based on the average SIR, wherein each preset multicarrier level corresponds to a set of SIR value ranges, and each SIR value range corresponds to a number of subcarriers and bandwidth; and determining the target multicarrier level based on the SIR variance and the first preset multicarrier level.

[0009] Optionally, determining a first preset multicarrier level from multiple preset multicarrier levels based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) includes: determining the range of SIR values ​​that includes the average SIR value from the range of SIR values ​​corresponding to the multiple preset multicarrier levels as a target range, and determining the preset multicarrier level corresponding to the target range as the first preset multicarrier level.

[0010] Optionally, determining the target multicarrier level based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) variance and the first preset multicarrier level includes: obtaining a preset SIR fluctuation threshold; and determining the first preset multicarrier level as the target multicarrier level when the SIR variance is less than or equal to the preset SIR fluctuation threshold.

[0011] Optionally, determining the target multicarrier level based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) variance and the first preset multicarrier level includes: obtaining a preset SIR fluctuation threshold; and determining the first preset multicarrier level as the target multicarrier level when the SIR variance is greater than the preset SIR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multicarrier level is the smallest among multiple preset multicarrier levels.

[0012] Optionally, determining the target multicarrier level based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) variance and the first preset multicarrier level includes: obtaining a preset SIR fluctuation threshold; and determining the second preset multicarrier level as the target multicarrier level when the SIR variance is greater than the preset SIR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multicarrier level is not the lowest among multiple preset multicarrier levels, wherein the second preset multicarrier level is a preset multicarrier level that is one level lower than the first preset multicarrier level among multiple preset multicarrier levels.

[0013] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a device for determining the number of subcarriers is also provided, comprising: a receiving module, configured to receive an uplink reference signal sent by a terminal to a base station and determine signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data based on the uplink reference signal; a first determining module, configured to determine an average SINR value and a SINR variance value based on the SINR data; and a second determining module, configured to determine a target multicarrier level based on the average SINR value and the SINR variance value, wherein the target multicarrier level is at least used to indicate the number of subcarriers scheduled for target data, and the target data is uplink data sent by a terminal to a base station in an IoT non-terrestrial network scenario.

[0014] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a non-volatile storage medium is also provided, wherein a program is stored in the non-volatile storage medium, wherein, when the program is running, the device where the non-volatile storage medium is located executes the above-mentioned method for determining the number of subcarriers.

[0015] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, an electronic device is also provided, including: a memory and a processor, the processor being configured to run a program stored in the memory, wherein the program executes the above-described method for determining the number of subcarriers during runtime.

[0016] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is also provided, including computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-mentioned method for determining the number of subcarriers.

[0017] In this embodiment, the uplink reference signal sent by the receiving terminal to the base station is used to determine the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data. The average SINR and variance are determined based on the SINR data. The target multi-carrier level is then determined based on the average SINR and variance. The target multi-carrier level at least indicates the number of subcarriers used to schedule target data. The target data is the uplink data sent by the terminal to the base station in a non-terrestrial IoT network scenario. The SINR data is determined using the uplink reference signal, and then the average SINR and variance are determined based on the SINR data. Finally, the target multi-carrier level is determined based on the average SINR and variance. The target multi-carrier level indicates the number of subcarriers used to schedule the target data, achieving the goal of accurately determining the number of subcarriers. This improves data transmission efficiency and user speed experience, thus solving the technical problem in related technologies where the number of subcarriers used for data scheduling cannot be accurately determined in non-terrestrial IoT networks, thereby affecting data transmission efficiency and user speed experience. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal for implementing a method for determining the number of subcarriers, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for determining the number of subcarriers according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of another method for determining the number of subcarriers according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a device for determining the number of subcarriers according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0024] The information collected in this application embodiment is information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. The collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure and application of the relevant data all comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant regions, and necessary confidentiality measures have been taken. It does not violate public order and good morals, and provides corresponding operation entry points for users to choose to authorize or reject the automated decision results. If the user chooses to reject, the process will proceed to the expert decision-making process.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0026] To better understand the embodiments of this application, the technical terms involved in the embodiments of this application are explained below:

[0027] IoT Non-Terrestrial Network (IoT NTN): A narrowband satellite mobile communication technology defined by 3GPP. Its technology is based on terrestrial narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) technology and is mainly used in satellite IoT scenarios.

[0028] Multi-tone: In IoT NTN, this refers to the simultaneous scheduling of data transmission using multiple 15kHz subcarriers for uplink data transmission from the terminal. Each 15kHz subcarrier can be considered a tone, and the terminal can dynamically adjust the number of subcarriers used based on communication needs and link conditions to achieve optimal transmission efficiency and communication quality.

[0029] In related technologies, for IoT Non-Terrestrial Network (IoT NTN) scenarios, the distance between terminals and satellites increases significantly, jumping from hundreds of kilometers to tens of thousands of kilometers. Compared to terrestrial cellular networks, this long-distance transmission leads to a sharp increase in link loss, forcing terminals to transmit signals at maximum power to maintain effective data communication. Under full-power transmission, using only the power margin (PH) for multi-tone adaptive adjustment in IoT NTN scenarios is insufficient for efficient multi-tone adaptation, making it impossible to accurately and efficiently determine the number of subcarriers used for data scheduling, thus affecting data transmission efficiency and user experience. Therefore, there is a technical problem in related technologies where the number of subcarriers used for data scheduling cannot be accurately determined in IoT NTN, thus affecting data transmission efficiency and user experience. To address this problem, this application provides a related solution, which is described in detail below.

[0030] According to an embodiment of this application, an embodiment of a method for determining the number of subcarriers is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0031] The methods and embodiments provided in this application can be executed on a computer terminal or similar computing device. Figure 1 A hardware block diagram of a computer terminal for implementing a method for determining the number of subcarriers is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the computer terminal 10 may include one or more processors 102 (shown as 102a, 102b, ..., 102n in the figure) 102 (processor 102 may include, but is not limited to, a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA, etc.), a memory 104 for storing data, and a transmission device 106 for communication functions. In addition, it may also include: a display, an input / output interface (I / O interface), a universal serial bus (USB) port (which may be included as one of the ports of a BUS bus), a network interface, a power supply, and / or a camera. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 1 The structure shown is for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the structure of the aforementioned electronic device. For example, computer terminal 10 may also include... Figure 1 The more or fewer components shown, or having the same Figure 1 The different configurations shown.

[0032] It should be noted that the aforementioned one or more processors 102 and / or other data processing circuits are generally referred to herein as "data processing circuits". These data processing circuits may be embodied, in whole or in part, in software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. Furthermore, the data processing circuits may be a single, independent processing module, or may be integrated, in whole or in part, into any other element within the computer terminal 10. As involved in the embodiments of this application, the data processing circuits serve as processor control (e.g., selection of a variable resistor termination path connected to an interface).

[0033] The memory 104 can be used to store software programs and modules of application software, such as the program instructions / data storage device corresponding to the method for determining the number of subcarriers in this embodiment. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 104, thereby implementing the aforementioned method for determining the number of subcarriers. The memory 104 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory 104 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories can be connected to the computer terminal 10 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0034] The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. Specific examples of the network described above may include a wireless network provided by the communication provider of the computer terminal 10. In one example, the transmission device 106 includes a Network Interface Controller (NIC), which can connect to other network devices via a base station to communicate with the Internet. In another example, the transmission device 106 may be a Radio Frequency (RF) module, used for wireless communication with the Internet.

[0035] The display can be, for example, a touchscreen liquid crystal display (LCD) that allows the user to interact with the user interface of the computer terminal 10.

[0036] Under the above operating environment, embodiments of this application provide a method for determining the number of subcarriers, such as... Figure 2 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a method for determining the number of subcarriers according to an embodiment of this application, including:

[0037] Step S202: Receive the uplink reference signal sent by the receiving terminal to the base station and determine the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data based on the uplink reference signal.

[0038] In the technical solution provided in step S202, there are multiple ways to receive the uplink reference signal sent by the terminal to the base station and determine the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data based on the uplink reference signal. For example, the uplink reference signal sent by the terminal to the base station within a target time period is received at a preset reception frequency to obtain an uplink reference signal set. The target time period is either a first preset time period before the terminal sends target data to the base station or a second preset time period during the data transmission process. The SINR data is determined based on the uplink reference signal set, where the SINR data includes the SINR corresponding to each preset reception frequency. In this step, the base station collects the uplink reference signal sent by the terminal within the target time period at a preset reception frequency to form an uplink reference signal set. The target time period can be either a time window before data transmission (the first preset time period) or a continuous period during data transmission (the second preset time period). By analyzing the uplink reference signal set, the base station can calculate a series of SINR values, each corresponding to one signal reception. This method can comprehensively reflect the quality status of the link between the terminal and the base station, including instantaneous quality and stability, thereby providing a basis for decision-making for uplink multi-tone scheduling.

[0039] In some embodiments of this application, the base station receives uplink reference signals sent by the terminal to the base station within a target time period according to a preset reception frequency, forming an uplink reference signal set. The base station pre-sets the preset reception frequency of the uplink reference signals based on network planning and performance requirements, which determines the time interval for the base station to receive the uplink reference signals, thereby continuously acquiring channel quality information. The base station calculates the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data based on the uplink reference signals within the target time period. The target time period includes a first preset time period before the terminal sends target data to the base station or a second preset time period during data transmission, ensuring the correlation between channel assessment and actual data transmission.

[0040] The first preset time period before the terminal sends target data to the base station is used for channel assessment before data transmission, allowing for optimization of data transmission parameters based on channel conditions in advance. This approach helps reduce uncertainties during transmission and improves the success rate of the initial transmission, which is particularly beneficial for applications sensitive to latency or requiring high quality assurance (such as critical infrastructure monitoring). When the channel conditions between the terminal and the base station are relatively stable for a short period, or for data transmission requiring high reliability, using the first preset time period to receive uplink reference signals for pre-scheduling can effectively improve transmission quality and efficiency. Continuously receiving uplink reference signals during data transmission allows for real-time monitoring of changes in channel conditions and immediate adjustment of preset multi-carrier levels to cope with sudden channel changes or improve transmission performance. This approach is more suitable for scenarios with highly unstable channel conditions or high real-time requirements for data transmission. When the terminal is moving rapidly, or when there are dynamic interference sources in the network environment (such as sudden changes in weather conditions), using a second preset time period ensures that the base station can react quickly when channel conditions fluctuate, thereby maintaining the continuity and stability of data transmission.

[0041] For each uplink reference signal in the uplink reference signal set, the base station can analyze the received uplink reference signal through demodulation and measurement to evaluate the signal reception quality, obtain demodulation results and channel estimation information, and thus determine its corresponding signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR) data. Based on the demodulation results and channel estimation information, the base station calculates the actual received signal power (i.e., the signal strength transmitted by the terminal). Then, it determines the interference power (i.e., the interference signal strength) by measuring the signal power of neighboring channels of the target channel (the channel used to transmit target data) or the power detected in non-data transmission time slots. Statistical methods such as least squares and sliding window averaging can be used to process the signal power of neighboring channels of the target channel (the channel used to transmit target data) or the power detected in non-data transmission time slots to obtain a more stable interference power value that better represents the actual channel conditions. Neighboring channels refer to other wireless communication channels near the base station's receiving frequency band. For example, in IoT non-terrestrial networks or any cellular network, in addition to receiving the uplink reference signal from the target terminal (the terminal transmitting target data), the base station also listens to signals emitted by other terminals or systems near its operating frequency band. These signals can come from different user equipment.

[0042] Finally, the noise power (i.e., noise intensity) is determined by measuring the power of the target channel in a frequency band where no signal is transmitted: In wireless communication systems, a dedicated period is reserved in the frame structure for measuring noise power. These periods are called idle or pilot periods. During these periods, no signals (including reference signals and data signals) are transmitted from the terminal to the base station, thus eliminating the influence of signals and interference, and only the noise level of the channel is measured.

[0043] In some embodiments of this application, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is specifically the uplink SINR, which is an important parameter for measuring the uplink (i.e., the direction from the terminal to the base station) signal quality in a wireless communication system. Uplink SINR is the ratio of the signal strength transmitted by the terminal to the sum of the interference signal strength and noise strength. A higher uplink SINR value indicates a clearer signal, a cleaner channel, and lower interference and noise, supporting higher efficiency and quality data transmission. By accurately measuring and calculating the uplink SINR, the base station can make better resource scheduling decisions, such as determining the number of subcarriers to use for data scheduling, to optimize the overall network performance.

[0044] Step S204: Determine the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) and the variance of SIR based on the SIR data.

[0045] In the technical solution provided in step S204, based on the set of uplink reference signals received in step S202, the base station has determined the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR) corresponding to each uplink reference signal. The SNR set composed of these SNRs is the SNR data, which includes the SNR corresponding to each preset reception frequency and the results of multiple measurements of the uplink signal quality. The base station statistically analyzes all SNRs in the SNR data, calculates the sum of all SNRs, and divides it by the number of measurements (the total number of SNRs) to obtain the average SNR. The SNR variance is used to quantify the degree of fluctuation of all SNR values ​​in the SNR data. The calculation of the SNR variance takes into account the deviation of each SNR value from the average SNR value in the SNR data. The square of the difference between each SNR value and the average SNR value in the SNR data is calculated to obtain the square of the difference of each SNR in the SNR dataset. The quotient of the sum of the squares of the differences of all SNR values ​​in the SNR data and (N-1, where N is the number of measurements) is determined as the SNR variance.

[0046] Step S206: Determine the target multicarrier level based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the variance of the SINR.

[0047] In the technical solution provided in step S206, the target multicarrier level is used to indicate at least the number of subcarriers scheduled for target data, where the target data is uplink data sent from the terminal to the base station in a non-terrestrial IoT network scenario. There are several ways to determine the target multicarrier level based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR) and its variance. For example, a first preset multicarrier level can be determined from multiple preset multicarrier levels based on the average SNR, where each preset multicarrier level corresponds to a set of SNR value ranges, and each SNR value range corresponds to a number of subcarriers and bandwidth; the target multicarrier level can then be determined based on the SNR variance and the first preset multicarrier level. This dual consideration of the average and variance of the SNR ensures that even under unstable signal quality conditions, the accurate number of subcarriers can be determined by adjusting the preset multicarrier level to achieve optimal data transmission efficiency.

[0048] The first preset multicarrier level can be determined from multiple preset multicarrier levels based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) as follows: the range of SIR values ​​that includes the average SIR value is determined as the target range, and the preset multicarrier level corresponding to the target range is determined as the first preset multicarrier level.

[0049] The target multicarrier level can be determined based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR) variance and a first preset multicarrier level as follows: Obtain a preset SNR fluctuation threshold; if the SNR variance is less than or equal to the preset SNR fluctuation threshold, determine the first preset multicarrier level as the target multicarrier level. If the SNR variance is greater than the preset SNR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multicarrier level is the lowest among multiple preset multicarrier levels, determine the first preset multicarrier level as the target multicarrier level. If the SNR variance is greater than the preset SNR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multicarrier level is not the lowest among multiple preset multicarrier levels, determine the second preset multicarrier level as the target multicarrier level, where the second preset multicarrier level is a preset multicarrier level one level lower than the first preset multicarrier level among multiple preset multicarrier levels.

[0050] When the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) variance is greater than a preset SIR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multi-carrier level is the lowest among multiple preset multi-carrier levels, it indicates that the uplink quality is relatively stable. In this case, the base station directly uses the first preset multi-carrier level as the target multi-carrier level for data scheduling. This mechanism ensures that, under the premise of stable link quality, higher spectrum resources can be fully utilized for data transmission, thereby improving transmission efficiency and user speed experience. However, when the SIR variance is greater than the preset SIR fluctuation threshold, it indicates that the uplink is unstable. Further determination is made as to whether the first preset multi-carrier level is the lowest among multiple preset multi-carrier levels. If the first preset multi-carrier level is not the lowest among multiple preset multi-carrier levels, the level can be reduced to ensure reliable data transmission, reflecting the reasonable balance between stability and efficiency achieved by the method of this application embodiment.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, multiple preset multicarrier levels are pre-defined. Each preset multicarrier level is a multi-tone level, corresponding to a set of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR) value ranges. Each SNR value range corresponds to a number of subcarriers and a bandwidth. For example, there are five preset multicarrier levels, named Level 1 (MT_1), Level 2 (MT_2), Level 3 (MT_3), Level 4 (MT_4), and Level 5 (MT_5). The SNR value range corresponding to Level 1 is less than or equal to 0dB. In this case, a 3.75kHz bandwidth is used, and only one 3.75kHz subcarrier is used for modulation and data transmission. This ensures the stability and success rate of data transmission in environments with poor signal quality. Level 1 is the minimum level, and the levels gradually increase, with Level 5 being the maximum level.

[0052] The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) for the second level is greater than 0dB and less than or equal to 3dB. In this case, a 15kHz bandwidth is used, and only one 15kHz subcarrier is used for modulation and data transmission.

[0053] The third level corresponds to a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR) greater than 3dB and less than or equal to 6dB. In this level, a bandwidth of 3×15kHz is used for data transmission, with three 15kHz subcarriers. The fourth level corresponds to an SNR greater than 6dB and less than or equal to 9dB. In this level, a bandwidth of 6×15kHz is used for data transmission scheduling, with six 15kHz subcarriers. The fifth level corresponds to an SNR greater than 9dB. In this level, a bandwidth of 12×15kHz is used for data transmission scheduling, with twelve 15kHz subcarriers. By maximizing the number of subcarriers and bandwidth, the highest data transmission rate can be achieved under optimal signal conditions. In this way, the base station can dynamically select the most suitable preset multi-carrier level based on the current channel conditions to optimize the data transmission rate and user experience of the terminal.

[0054] When determining the first preset multicarrier level from multiple preset multicarrier levels based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), the range of SINR values ​​that includes the average SINR value is determined as the target range, and then the preset multicarrier level corresponding to the target range is determined as the first preset multicarrier level.

[0055] The next step is to obtain a preset signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR) fluctuation threshold, Var_T (e.g., 1.5). This preset SNR fluctuation threshold is used to quantify and assess the stability of the terminal's uplink channel. It defines the maximum acceptable value for the SNR variance and is a crucial basis for the base station's decision on whether to adjust the current preset multi-carrier level. The value of the preset SNR fluctuation threshold can be flexibly configured according to actual conditions. For example, for high-Earth orbit geostationary satellite IoT NTN systems, Var_T will be set relatively low to cope with the channel fluctuation challenges caused by the inherent long distance and high loss of space links. For lower-Earth orbit or medium-Earth orbit satellite IoT NTN systems with shorter distances, Var_T can be set higher to reflect their relatively stable link characteristics.

[0056] If the variance of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) is greater than the preset SIR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multicarrier level is the lowest level among multiple preset multicarrier levels (i.e., the first preset multicarrier level is the first level), the first preset multicarrier level is determined as the target multicarrier level.

[0057] If the variance of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) is greater than the preset SIR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multi-carrier level is not the lowest level among multiple preset multi-carrier levels (i.e., the first preset multi-carrier level is not the first level), the second preset multi-carrier level is determined as the target multi-carrier level, wherein the second preset multi-carrier level is a preset multi-carrier level that is one level lower than the first preset multi-carrier level among multiple preset multi-carrier levels.

[0058] After determining the target multicarrier class, the target data is scheduled and transmitted by using the bandwidth size and number of subcarriers indicated in the target multicarrier class.

[0059] It is important to note that steps S202-S206 described above are a repetitive update process. Every preset base station detection period T (e.g., 10 seconds), steps S202-S206 are re-executed to update the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) and SIR variance, thereby determining the new target multi-carrier class. This dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures that, in complex and ever-changing satellite communication environments, scheduling strategies can be flexibly adjusted based on the real-time signal status of the terminal, optimizing the data transmission process.

[0060] The preset base station detection period T can be dynamically adjusted. Under conditions of frequent link quality fluctuations or severe weather, the preset base station detection period T can be reduced to a first time period (e.g., 5 seconds) to ensure robust data transmission. When the link quality is stable, the preset base station detection period T can be extended to a second time period (e.g., 30 seconds) to reduce unnecessary channel measurements and scheduling updates, thereby saving system resources and terminal power consumption. However, regardless of how the preset base station detection period T is adjusted, it must be ensured that the adjusted preset base station detection period includes either the first preset time period or the second preset time period.

[0061] For example, in a high-orbit IoT NTN system, the base station enables uplink multi-tone adaptive signal-to-noise (SNR) communication. Five SNR ranges are set: the SNR ranges corresponding to the first to fifth levels mentioned above. The base station measurement period T is 0 seconds, and the preset SNR fluctuation threshold Var_T is 1.5. During uplink data transmission, the base station obtains an average SNR of 4dB and an SNR variance of Var of 2 within the measurement period T using multiple preset reception frequencies. If the base station determines that the average SNR falls within the SNR range corresponding to the third level, then the third level is the first preset multi-carrier level mentioned above. However, since Var=2, which is greater than Var_T=1.5, the signal fluctuation is relatively large. Therefore, the second level, which is one level lower than the third level, is determined as the target multi-carrier level. Thus, the 15kHz frequency indicated by the second level is ultimately selected for uplink data transmission, with one 15kHz subcarrier. The maximum uplink transport block size (TBS) can be scheduled up to 1736 bits. The uplink maximum transport block size (TBS) refers to the maximum amount of data that the base station can allocate to the terminal for data transmission in the uplink, based on the current channel conditions and terminal capabilities. In the next base station measurement cycle T, the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) is updated to 5 dB, and the SIR variance Var is 1. At this time, the third level is the aforementioned first preset multi-carrier level. Since the SIR variance is less than the preset SIR fluctuation threshold, the third level is determined as the target multi-carrier level. Therefore, the 3×15 kHz bandwidth indicated by the third level is ultimately selected for uplink data transmission, with three 15 kHz subcarriers. The uplink maximum transport block size (TBS) can be allocated to 2536 bits, increasing the uplink rate by approximately 50%.

[0062] The method in this application accurately measures the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR / NNR) data by receiving the uplink reference signal sent by the terminal, and further calculates the average and variance of the SIR / NNR. The average SIR / NNR reflects the quality level of the uplink, while the variance reveals the stability of the link quality. Based on these two key indicators, the target multi-carrier level is dynamically determined, indicating how many subcarriers should be used for data scheduling. When the link quality is good and stable, more subcarriers are used to improve data transmission efficiency and user speed experience; conversely, when the link quality fluctuates greatly, the number of subcarriers is automatically reduced to ensure the reliability and integrity of data transmission. This method avoids data distortion and transmission failure caused by unstable link quality, improving the overall performance and user experience of the IoT NTN system. By adjusting the number of subcarriers in real time, optimal configuration of uplink data transmission resources is achieved, effectively addressing the limitations of traditional multi-tone adaptive strategies in high-loss link scenarios, accurately determining the number of subcarriers, and improving data transmission efficiency and user speed experience.

[0063] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of another method for determining the number of subcarriers according to an embodiment of this application. First, the base station sets 5 MTs (corresponding to the multiple preset multicarrier levels mentioned above). The base station calculates the average value Ave and variance Var of the reference signal SINR before or during data transmission (measurement frequency X) (i.e., the process of the receiving terminal sending the uplink reference signal to the base station and determining the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data based on the uplink reference signal; determining the average SINR and variance based on the SINR data, where the measurement frequency X is the preset receiving frequency, and the average value Ave and variance Var are the average SINR and variance of the SINR). The base station selects the corresponding MT_N according to the range of Ave (i.e., the range of SINR values ​​containing the average SINR value among the ranges of SINR values ​​corresponding to the multiple preset multicarrier levels is determined as the target range, and the preset multicarrier level corresponding to the target range is determined as the first preset multicarrier level, MT_N being the first preset multicarrier level). Determine whether Var is greater than Var_T (the preset signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio fluctuation threshold). If not, MT_N remains unchanged (that is, when the variance of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is less than or equal to the preset signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio fluctuation threshold, the first preset multi-carrier level is determined as the target multi-carrier level).

[0064] If Var is greater than Var_T, then it is determined whether MT_N is the minimum. If it is the minimum, MT_N remains unchanged (i.e., if the SNR variance is greater than the preset SNR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multi-carrier level is the minimum among multiple preset multi-carrier levels, the first preset multi-carrier level is determined as the target multi-carrier level). If MT_N is not the minimum, then MT_N is adjusted to MT_(N-1), where MT_(N-1) is one level smaller than MT_N (i.e., if the SNR variance is greater than the preset SNR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multi-carrier level is not the minimum among multiple preset multi-carrier levels, the second preset multi-carrier level is determined as the target multi-carrier level, where the second preset multi-carrier level is one level smaller than the first preset multi-carrier level among multiple preset multi-carrier levels). Finally, the base station performs uplink data scheduling according to the finally selected MT before the preset base station detection period arrives, and repeats the above process after the preset base station detection period arrives.

[0065] This application also provides a device for determining the number of subcarriers, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes:

[0066] The receiving module 402 is used to receive the uplink reference signal sent by the terminal to the base station and determine the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio data based on the uplink reference signal.

[0067] The receiving module 402 is further configured to receive uplink reference signals sent by the terminal to the base station within a target time period according to a preset receiving frequency, thereby obtaining an uplink reference signal set, wherein the target time period is a first preset time period before the terminal sends target data to the base station or a second preset time period during the data transmission process of the terminal sending target data to the base station; and to determine signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data based on the uplink reference signal set, wherein the SINR data includes the SINR corresponding to each preset receiving frequency.

[0068] The first determining module 404 is used to determine the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) and the variance of SIR based on the SIR data.

[0069] The second determining module 406 is used to determine the target multicarrier level based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the SINR variance. The target multicarrier level is used to indicate at least the number of subcarriers scheduled for target data. The target data is uplink data sent by the terminal to the base station in a non-terrestrial IoT network scenario.

[0070] The second determining module 406 is further configured to determine a first preset multicarrier level from multiple preset multicarrier levels based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), wherein each preset multicarrier level corresponds to a set of SINR value ranges, and each set of SINR value ranges corresponds to a number of subcarriers and bandwidth; and to determine a target multicarrier level based on the SINR variance value and the first preset multicarrier level.

[0071] The second determining module 406 is further configured to determine the range of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) values ​​that includes the average SIR value among the ranges of SIR values ​​corresponding to the multiple preset multicarrier levels as the target range, and to determine the preset multicarrier level corresponding to the target range as the first preset multicarrier level.

[0072] The second determining module 406 is further configured to obtain a preset signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR) fluctuation threshold; when the SNR variance is less than or equal to the preset SNR fluctuation threshold, the first preset multi-carrier level is determined as the target multi-carrier level. When the SNR variance is greater than the preset SNR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multi-carrier level is the lowest among multiple preset multi-carrier levels, the first preset multi-carrier level is determined as the target multi-carrier level. When the SNR variance is greater than the preset SNR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multi-carrier level is not the lowest among multiple preset multi-carrier levels, the second preset multi-carrier level is determined as the target multi-carrier level, wherein the second preset multi-carrier level is a preset multi-carrier level that is one level lower than the first preset multi-carrier level among multiple preset multi-carrier levels.

[0073] It should be noted that, Figure 4 The device shown for determining the number of subcarriers is used to perform... Figure 2The method for determining the number of subcarriers shown is therefore Figure 2 The explanations and descriptions in the method for determining the number of subcarriers also apply to the device for determining the number of subcarriers, and will not be repeated here.

[0074] It should be noted that each module in the above-mentioned device for determining the number of subcarriers can be a program module (e.g., a set of program instructions to implement a certain function) or a hardware module. For the latter, it can be manifested in the following forms, but is not limited to them: each of the above modules is manifested as a processor, or the functions of each of the above modules are implemented by a processor.

[0075] This application also provides a non-volatile storage medium, which includes a stored program, wherein, when the program is running, it controls the device where the non-volatile storage medium is located to execute the method for determining the number of subcarriers of any of the above embodiments.

[0076] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes a processor for running a program, wherein the method for determining the number of subcarriers in any of the above embodiments is executed during program execution.

[0077] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method for determining the number of subcarriers in any of the above embodiments.

[0078] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0079] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0080] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0081] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0082] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to related technologies, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining the number of subcarriers, characterized in that, include: The receiving terminal sends an uplink reference signal to the base station and determines the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data based on the uplink reference signal. Based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) data, determine the average SIR and the SIR variance. The target multicarrier level is determined based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the variance of the SINR. The target multicarrier level is used to indicate at least the number of subcarriers scheduled for target data, which is uplink data sent by the terminal to the base station in a non-terrestrial IoT network scenario.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The receiving terminal sends an uplink reference signal to the base station and determines the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data based on the uplink reference signal, including: The uplink reference signal set is obtained by receiving the uplink reference signal sent by the terminal to the base station within the target time period according to the preset reception frequency. The target time period is a first preset time period before the terminal sends the target data to the base station or a second preset time period during the data transmission process of the terminal sending the target data to the base station. The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data is determined based on the uplink reference signal set, wherein the SINR data includes the SINR corresponding to each preset reception frequency.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the target multicarrier level based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the SINR variance includes: The first preset multicarrier level is determined from multiple preset multicarrier levels based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Each preset multicarrier level corresponds to a set of SINR value ranges, and each set of SINR value ranges corresponds to a number of subcarriers and bandwidth. The target multicarrier level is determined based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio variance and the first preset multicarrier level.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the first preset multicarrier level from multiple preset multicarrier levels based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio includes: The range of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) values ​​that includes the average SIR value among the ranges corresponding to the plurality of preset multicarrier levels is determined as the target range, and the preset multicarrier level corresponding to the target range is determined as the first preset multicarrier level.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the target multicarrier level based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio variance and the first preset multicarrier level includes: Obtain the preset signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio fluctuation threshold; If the variance of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) is less than or equal to the preset SIR fluctuation threshold, the first preset multi-carrier level is determined as the target multi-carrier level.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the target multicarrier level based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio variance and the first preset multicarrier level includes: Obtain the preset signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio fluctuation threshold; If the variance of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) is greater than the preset SIR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multi-carrier level is the lowest among the plurality of preset multi-carrier levels, the first preset multi-carrier level is determined as the target multi-carrier level.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the target multicarrier level based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio variance and the first preset multicarrier level includes: Obtain the preset signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio fluctuation threshold; If the variance of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) is greater than the preset SIR fluctuation threshold and the first preset multi-carrier level is not the lowest among the plurality of preset multi-carrier levels, the second preset multi-carrier level is determined as the target multi-carrier level, wherein the second preset multi-carrier level is a preset multi-carrier level that is one level lower than the first preset multi-carrier level among the plurality of preset multi-carrier levels.

8. A device for determining the number of subcarriers, characterized in that, include: The receiving module is used to receive the uplink reference signal sent by the terminal to the base station and determine the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio data based on the uplink reference signal; The first determining module is used to determine the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the variance of SINR based on the SINR data. The second determining module is used to determine the target multicarrier level based on the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the variance of the SINR, wherein the target multicarrier level is used to indicate at least the number of subcarriers scheduled for target data, and the target data is uplink data sent by the terminal to the base station in a non-terrestrial IoT network scenario.

9. A non-volatile storage medium, characterized in that, The non-volatile storage medium stores a program, wherein when the program is executed, it controls the device containing the non-volatile storage medium to perform the method for determining the number of subcarriers as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory and a processor, the processor being configured to run a program stored in the memory, wherein the program, when running, executes the method for determining the number of subcarriers as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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