Photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic module comprises a battery piece; the connecting part is arranged on the surface of the battery piece, and a concave part is formed on one side, far away from the battery piece, of the connecting part; the electric connecting piece is at least partially embedded in the concave part and extends along a second direction; and the adhesive film covers one side, far away from the connecting part, of the electric connecting piece and is connected with the battery piece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic module technology, specifically to a photovoltaic module and a method for preparing the photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] A photovoltaic module includes solar cells and solder ribbons. The surface of the solar cells is provided with grid lines, which collect the charge carriers generated by the solar cells. The solder ribbons are disposed on the surface of the solar cells and electrically connected to the grid lines to collect the charge carriers collected by the grid lines and transfer the collected charge carriers to an external circuit.

[0003] In related technologies, photovoltaic modules also include an encapsulating film, which is disposed on the side of the solder ribbon away from the solar cell to fix the solder ribbon to the surface of the solar cell. For example, the solar cell can be a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell. Since perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells are low-temperature solar cells, the encapsulating film is an ultraviolet-cured encapsulating film, which fixes the solder ribbon to the surface of the perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell.

[0004] However, in the manufacturing process of photovoltaic modules, the formation of the encapsulant film requires two stages: dispensing (in liquid form) and UV curing. Before dispensing, the solder ribbon and the surface of the solar cell are only in physical contact, with gaps between them. If dispensing is performed at this stage, the liquid encapsulant film can easily overflow into the gap between the solder ribbon and the grid lines, affecting the reliability of the electrical connection between the solder ribbon and the grid lines, and thus affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application discloses a photovoltaic module and a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module, in order to solve the problem in the prior art that during the manufacturing process of a photovoltaic module, the encapsulant film easily overflows between the solder ribbon and the grid lines, affecting the reliability of the electrical connection between the solder ribbon and the grid lines, and thus affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, this application discloses a photovoltaic module, which includes a solar cell; a connecting portion disposed on the surface of the solar cell, wherein a recess is formed on the side of the connecting portion away from the solar cell; an electrical connector at least partially embedded in the recess and extending along a second direction; and an adhesive film covering the side of the electrical connector away from the connecting portion and connected to the solar cell.

[0007] In some embodiments, the connecting portion includes: a first sub-connecting portion located between the battery cell and the electrical connector, the first sub-connecting portion having a first edge and a second edge disposed opposite to each other along a first direction, the first direction intersecting the second direction; a second sub-connecting portion connected to the first edge of the first sub-connecting portion; and a third sub-connecting portion connected to the second edge of the first sub-connecting portion, the second sub-connecting portion, the first sub-connecting portion, and the third sub-connecting portion forming the recessed portion.

[0008] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the electrical connector has a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other; the second sub-connection covers at least a portion of the first side of the electrical connector, and the third sub-connection covers at least a portion of the second side of the electrical connector.

[0009] In some embodiments, along the second direction, the length of the adhesive film is L1, satisfying L1≤2mm; and / or, along the first direction, the width of the adhesive film is L4, and the width of the connecting portion is L2, satisfying L2<L4≤3*L2.

[0010] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the width of the connecting portion is L2, and the width of the electrical connector is L3, satisfying 0.8*L3≤L2≤2*L3; and / or, satisfying L2≥100μm; and / or, satisfying L3≥100μm.

[0011] In some embodiments, along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the thickness of the second sub-connection and / or the third sub-connection is H1, the thickness of the electrical connector is H2, and the thickness of the first sub-connection is H3, satisfying 0.2*H2≤H1≤1.5*H2; and / or, satisfying H1≥40μm; and / or, satisfying 100μm≤H2≤400μm; and / or, satisfying H3≥20μm.

[0012] In some embodiments, along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the thickness of the electrical connector is H2, the thickness of the first sub-connector is H3, and the thickness of the encapsulant film is H4, satisfying H4≥H2+H3+50μm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the surface of the battery cell is provided with a plurality of fine grids extending along a first direction, the plurality of fine grids being arranged at intervals along a second direction, the second direction intersecting the first direction; the connecting portion is electrically connected to at least one of the fine grids.

[0014] In some embodiments, the connecting portion includes a plurality of connecting portions, which are spaced apart along the second direction; the adhesive film includes a plurality of adhesive films, each of which is disposed corresponding to one of the connecting portions.

[0015] In some embodiments, the surface of the battery cell is provided with a plurality of fine grids extending along a first direction, the plurality of fine grids being arranged at intervals along a second direction, the second direction intersecting the first direction; the connecting portion includes a main grid, the main grid extending along the second direction and being electrically connected to the fine grids.

[0016] In some embodiments, the surface of the battery cell is provided with a plurality of fine grids extending along a first direction, the plurality of fine grids being spaced apart along a second direction, the second direction intersecting the first direction; the surface of the battery cell is also provided with a plurality of main grids extending along the second direction, the plurality of main grids being spaced apart along the first direction, each main grid being electrically connected to the plurality of fine grids; the connecting portion is provided on the side of the main grids away from the battery cell.

[0017] In some embodiments, the solar cell comprises a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell; and / or, the adhesive film comprises a UV-curable adhesive film.

[0018] Secondly, this application also discloses a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, the method comprising providing a solar cell and forming a connecting portion on the surface of the solar cell; while the connecting portion is in a non-cured state, pressing an electrical connector onto the side of the connecting portion away from the solar cell, so that the side of the connecting portion away from the solar cell forms a recess, the electrical connector being at least partially embedded in the recess; and covering the side of the electrical connector away from the connecting portion with an adhesive film, so that the adhesive film is connected to the solar cell.

[0019] This application discloses a photovoltaic module and a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module includes a solar cell; a connecting portion disposed on the surface of the solar cell, wherein a recess is formed on the side of the connecting portion away from the solar cell; an electrical connector at least partially embedded in the recess and extending along a second direction; and an encapsulant film covering the side of the electrical connector away from the connecting portion and connected to the solar cell.

[0020] The photovoltaic module disclosed in this application has a connecting portion on the surface of the solar cell, which is electrically connected to the solar cell. A recess is formed on the side of the connecting portion away from the solar cell. During the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module, an electrical connector can be at least partially embedded in the recess and extend along a second direction, and the electrical connector is electrically connected to the solar cell through the connecting portion. An encapsulating film is then applied to the side of the electrical connector away from the connecting portion and connected to the solar cell, fixing the electrical connector to the surface of the solar cell through the encapsulating film. It is understood that forming a recess on the layer away from the solar cell and at least partially embedding the electrical connector within the recess prevents the encapsulating film from overflowing between the electrical connector and the connecting portion. Therefore, this arrangement ensures the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector and the connecting portion, ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a partial structure of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a partial structure of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This diagram illustrates a partial structure of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 This shows a partial cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic module when the main grid serves as a connecting part in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic module in this embodiment, showing the connection portion of the fine grid on the side away from the solar cell. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 This shows a partial cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic module when the main grid serves as a connecting part in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 ; Figure 7 This describes the process flow of the photovoltaic module manufacturing method described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 8 This describes the process flow of the photovoltaic module manufacturing method described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 9 This describes the process flow of the photovoltaic module manufacturing method described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ; Figure 10 This describes the process flow of the photovoltaic module manufacturing method described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 .

[0022] Figure label: 10: Solar cell; 11: Fine grid; 12: Main grid; 20: Connecting part; 21: Recessed part; 22: First sub-connecting part; 23: Second sub-connecting part; 24: Third sub-connecting part; 30: Electrical connectors; 40: Adhesive film; X: First direction; Y: Second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of the present invention.

[0024] It should be understood that the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0025] This application discloses a photovoltaic module, which includes a solar cell 10; a connecting portion 20 disposed on the surface of the solar cell 10, with a recess 21 formed on the side of the connecting portion 20 away from the solar cell 10; an electrical connector 30 at least partially embedded in the recess 21 and extending along a second direction Y; and an adhesive film 40 covering the side of the electrical connector 30 away from the connecting portion 20 and connected to the solar cell 10.

[0026] This application discloses a photovoltaic module, which includes a solar cell 10. The solar cell 10 is the core component of the photovoltaic module, which can convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in a battery, or use it for external electrical equipment.

[0027] For example, the solar cell 10 can be a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell, a perovskite solar cell, a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, or a polycrystalline silicon solar cell. In this embodiment, no particular restrictions are placed on the specific type of solar cell 10; in practical applications, those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs.

[0028] The following will use the perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell 10 as an example to illustrate the photovoltaic module disclosed in this application.

[0029] It should be noted that perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells have high photoelectric conversion efficiency, but they are low-temperature cells. This means that during the fabrication of photovoltaic modules, perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells cannot withstand excessively high fabrication temperatures, as these temperatures can cause irreversible damage. For example, the fabrication temperature of perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells is less than or equal to 150°C.

[0030] In the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the solar cell 10 has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. When the first surface is the front side of the solar cell 10, that is, the light-receiving surface facing the sunlight, the second surface is the back side of the solar cell 10, that is, the back-lighting surface facing away from the sunlight. Alternatively, when the first surface is the back side of the solar cell 10, the second surface is the front side of the solar cell 10.

[0031] On the plane containing the solar cell 10, the photovoltaic module has intersecting first direction X and second direction Y. For example, when the solar cell 10 is a rectangular cell, or a quasi-rectangular cell, the first direction X can be the length direction of the solar cell 10, and the second direction Y can be the width direction of the solar cell 10. Alternatively, the first direction X can be the width direction of the solar cell 10, and the second direction Y can be the length direction of the solar cell 10. A quasi-rectangular cell refers to a rectangular cell with chamfered corners.

[0032] The first and / or second surfaces of the solar cell 10 are provided with a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along the first direction X and spaced apart along the second direction Y, so as to collect the charge carriers generated by the solar cell 10 through the plurality of fine grids 11.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a connecting portion 20 is provided on the first and / or second surfaces of the battery cell 10. The connecting portion 20 is conductive and contacts and is connected to at least one fine grid 11. A recess 21 is formed on the side of the connecting portion 20 away from the battery cell 10. An electrical connector 30 is at least partially embedded in the recess 21. The electrical connector 30 is connected to at least one fine grid 11 through the connecting portion 20, so that the charge carriers collected by the fine grid 11 can be transferred through the connecting portion 20 to the electrical connector 30, and then transferred through the electrical connector 30 to the battery or external electrical equipment.

[0034] It should be noted that the connection portion 20 in this embodiment is conductive. For example, the connection portion 20 can be formed on the first and / or second surface of the battery cell 10 using a metal paste through screen printing, so that the connection portion 20 contacts and conducts with the fine grid 11. The metal paste includes, but is not limited to, silver paste, copper paste, silver-coated copper paste, aluminum paste, etc.

[0035] For example, such as Figure 1As shown, the surface of the battery cell 10 is provided with fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X and main grids 12 extending along a second direction Y. Connecting portions 20 are stacked on the side of the main grids 12 away from the battery cell 10, and the connecting portions 20 include a plurality of such portions, which are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y. Figure 2 As shown, the surface of the battery cell 10 is provided with fine grids 11 extending along the first direction X, but no main grid 12 is provided. Connecting portions 20 are stacked on the side of the fine grids 11 away from the battery cell 10, and multiple connecting portions 20 are included, each connected portion 20 being disposed on the side of a fine grid 11 away from the battery cell 10. Alternatively, as... Figure 3 As shown, the surface of the battery cell 10 is provided with fine grids 11 extending along the first direction X, and the connecting portion 20 is the main grid 12. The main grid 12 extends along the second direction Y and is connected to a plurality of fine grids 11.

[0036] The electrical connector 30 includes, but is not limited to, solder strips, metal wires, etc. In this embodiment, no particular restrictions are placed on the specific type of the electrical connector 30; in practical applications, those skilled in the art can select according to their needs.

[0037] The following will use the electrical connector 30 as an example to illustrate the photovoltaic module disclosed in this application.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the photovoltaic module disclosed in this application embodiment also includes an encapsulating film 40. The encapsulating film 40 covers the side of the electrical connector 30 away from the connecting portion 20 and is connected to the solar cell 10. The encapsulating film 40 fixes the electrical connector 30 to the surface of the solar cell 10, preventing the electrical connector 30 from shifting and coming into contact with the opposite polarity grid or other electrical connectors, thus avoiding a partial short circuit in the photovoltaic module and affecting its reliability and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0039] In other words, the encapsulant film 40 and the connector 20 are arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, so as to electrically connect the electrical connector 30 and the solar cell 10 together through the connector 20, and prevent the encapsulant film 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the connector 20. This ensures the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the connector 20, and ensures the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0040] It should be noted that the adhesive film 40 in the embodiments of this application includes, but is not limited to, ultraviolet-curable adhesive films. Ultraviolet-curable adhesive films, also known as UV adhesive films, are functional adhesive films that achieve rapid curing through ultraviolet irradiation. Their curing temperature can meet the fabrication temperature limitations of perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells.

[0041] The photovoltaic module disclosed in this application has a connecting portion 20 on the surface of the solar cell 10, which is electrically connected to the solar cell 10. A recess 21 is formed on the side of the connecting portion 20 away from the solar cell 10. During the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module, an electrical connector 30 can be at least partially embedded in the recess 21, and the electrical connector 30 is electrically connected to the solar cell 10 through the connecting portion 20. Then, an adhesive film 40 is applied to the side of the electrical connector 30 away from the connecting portion 20 and connected to the solar cell 10, fixing the electrical connector 30 to the surface of the solar cell 10 through the adhesive film 40. It can be understood that forming the recess 21 on the layer of the connecting portion 20 away from the solar cell 10 and at least partially embedding the electrical connector 30 in the recess 21 prevents the adhesive film 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20. Therefore, the above arrangement can ensure the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20, and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0042] In some embodiments, such as Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the connecting portion 20 includes a first sub-connecting portion 22, which is located between the battery cell 10 and the electrical connector 30. Along the first direction X, the first sub-connecting portion 22 has a first edge and a second edge that are disposed opposite to each other; a second sub-connecting portion 23, which is connected to the first edge of the first sub-connecting portion 22; and a third sub-connecting portion 24, which is connected to the second edge of the first sub-connecting portion 22. The second sub-connecting portion 23, the first sub-connecting portion 22, and the third sub-connecting portion 24 surround to form a recess 21.

[0043] like Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the connecting portion 20 in this embodiment includes at least three parts: a first sub-connecting portion 22 located between the battery cell 10 and the electrical connector 30; a second sub-connecting portion 23 connected to the first edge of the first sub-connecting portion 22; and a third sub-connecting portion 24 connected to the second edge of the first sub-connecting portion 22. The second sub-connecting portion 23, the first sub-connecting portion 22, and the third sub-connecting portion 24 together form a recess 21.

[0044] In this embodiment, a recess 21 is formed by the second sub-connecting portion 23, the first sub-connecting portion 22, and the third sub-connecting portion 24, allowing at least a portion of the electrical connector 30 to be embedded within the recess 21 and adhere to the second sub-connecting portion 23, the first sub-connecting portion 22, and the third sub-connecting portion 24. This prevents the adhesive film 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20, ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20, and thus ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0045] It should be noted that, as Figures 4 to 6As shown, the first edge and the second edge of the first sub-connecting portion 22 are two opposite edges of the first sub-connecting portion 22 along the first direction X.

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, along the first direction X, the electrical connector 30 has a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other; the second sub-connection portion 23 covers at least a portion of the first side of the electrical connector 30, and the third sub-connection portion 24 covers at least a portion of the second side of the electrical connector 30.

[0047] like Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the electrical connector 30 has a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other in a first direction X. A second sub-connection portion 23 covers a portion of the first side of the electrical connector 30, or the second sub-connection portion 23 covers the entire first side of the electrical connector 30. A third sub-connection portion 23 covers a portion of the second side of the electrical connector 30, or the third sub-connection portion 23 covers the entire second side of the electrical connector 30.

[0048] In this embodiment, a second sub-connector 23 covers at least a portion of the first side of the electrical connector 30, and a third sub-connector 24 covers at least a portion of the second side of the electrical connector 30. This allows the second sub-connector 23 to adhere to the first side of the electrical connector 30, and the third sub-connector 24 to adhere to the second side of the electrical connector 30. This prevents the adhesive film 40 from overflowing between the second sub-connector 23 and the first side of the electrical connector 30, and between the third sub-connector 24 and the second side of the electrical connector 30, into the space between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20, thus affecting the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20 and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, this arrangement further increases the contact area between the connecting portion 20 and the electrical connector 30, thereby further improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, along the second direction Y, the length of the adhesive film 40 is L1, satisfying L1≤2mm; and / or, as Figure 4 As shown, along the first direction X, the width of the adhesive film 40 is L4, and the width of the connecting part 20 is L2, satisfying L2<L4≤3*L2.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the length L1 of the encapsulant film 40 in the second direction Y is set to be less than or equal to 2 mm. This ensures that the length L1 of the encapsulant film 40 in the second direction Y is small enough to be covered by the connecting portion 20, thus preventing the encapsulant film 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20, affecting the reliability of the electrical connection between them, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, if the encapsulant film 40 is too large, it will correspondingly increase the coverage area of ​​the connecting portion 20, leading to increased thickness and local stress in that area, thereby affecting the reliability of the photovoltaic module. Therefore, controlling L1 within the aforementioned range ensures the reliability of the electrical connection while avoiding the reliability risks caused by local stress concentration.

[0051] For example, the length L1 of the adhesive film 40 in the second direction Y can be set to 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.3mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2.0mm, etc.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the width L4 of the adhesive film 40 in the first direction X is set to be greater than the width L2 of the connecting portion 20 in the first direction X, and less than or equal to three times the width L2 of the connecting portion 20 in the first direction X. This allows the adhesive film 40 to completely cover the connecting portion 20 and connect to the solar cell 10, thereby fixing the electrical connector 30 to the surface of the solar cell 10 and preventing the electrical connector 30 from shifting, which would affect the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0053] Furthermore, the above-mentioned configuration allows for a more suitable width L4 of the encapsulant film 40 in the first direction X. This prevents the width of the encapsulant film 40 from being excessive, which would lead to excessive material usage, increased manufacturing costs of the photovoltaic module, and negatively impact its competitiveness. Additionally, the encapsulant film 40 will not extend excessively along the first direction X, thus avoiding impacts on the reliability and photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0054] For example, L4 = 1.5 * L2; or, L4 = 2 * L2; or, L4 = 2.5 * L2; or, L4 = 3 * L2, etc.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, along the first direction X, the width of the connecting part 20 is L2, and the width of the electrical connector 30 is L3, satisfying 0.8*L3≤L2≤2*L3; and / or, satisfying L2≥100μm; and / or, satisfying L3≥100μm.

[0056] In this embodiment, the width L2 of the connecting portion 20 in the first direction X is set to be greater than or equal to 0.8 times the width L3 of the electrical connector 30 in the first direction X, and less than or equal to 2 times the width L3 of the electrical connector 30 in the first direction X. This allows the connecting portion 20 to cover the side of the electrical connector 30 along the first direction X, thereby preventing the adhesive film 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20, ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20, and thus ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0057] Furthermore, the above-mentioned configuration can also control the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules, enhance the product competitiveness of photovoltaic modules, and prevent the width of the connecting portion 20 along the first direction X from being too wide, which would lead to excessive material consumption of the connecting portion 20, increase the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules, and affect the product competitiveness of photovoltaic modules. For example, L2 = 0.8 * L3; or, L2 = L3; or, L2 = 1.2 * L3; or, L2 = 1.5 * L3; or, L2 = 1.7 * L3; or, L2 = 2 * L3, etc.

[0058] In this embodiment, the width L2 of the connecting portion 20 along the first direction X is set to be greater than or equal to 100 μm to ensure that the connecting portion 20 can cover the side of the electrical connector 30, preventing the adhesive film 40 from overflowing between the side of the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20, ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20, and thus ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0059] For example, the width L2 of the connecting portion 20 along the first direction X can be set to 100μm, 120μm, 150μm, 180μm, 200μm, 250μm, 300μm, 350μm, 400μm, 500μm, etc.

[0060] In this embodiment, the width L3 of the electrical connector 30 along the first direction X is set to be greater than or equal to 100 μm, so as to increase the contact area between the electrical connector 30 and the battery cell 10, reduce the series resistance, ensure the carrier transmission efficiency, and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0061] For example, the width L3 of the electrical connector 30 along the first direction X can be set to 100μm, 120μm, 150μm, 180μm, 200μm, 250μm, 300μm, 350μm, 400μm, 500μm, etc.

[0062] Of course, the above are merely individual examples of the specific widths of the connecting portion 20 and the electrical connector 30 in the first direction X, and are not intended to limit this application. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can also set the widths of the connecting portion 20 and the electrical connector 30 in the first direction X as needed.

[0063] It should be noted that the width L2 of the connecting portion 20 in the first direction X refers to the maximum width of the connecting portion 20 in the first direction X. The width L3 of the electrical connector 30 in the first direction X refers to the maximum width of the electrical connector 30 in the first direction X.

[0064] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the thickness of the second sub-connection portion 23 and / or the third sub-connection portion 24 is H1, the thickness of the electrical connector 30 is H2, and the thickness of the first sub-connection portion 22 is H3, satisfying 0.2*H2≤H1≤1.5*H2; and / or, satisfying H1≥40μm; and / or, satisfying 100μm≤H2≤400μm; and / or, satisfying H3≥20μm.

[0065] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 4 As shown, in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the thickness H1 of the second sub-connection portion 23 and the third sub-connection portion 24 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.2 times the thickness H2 of the electrical connector 30, and less than or equal to 1.5 times the thickness H2 of the electrical connector 30. This allows the second sub-connection portion 23 to cover at least a portion of the first side of the electrical connector 30, and the third sub-connection portion 24 to cover at least a portion of the second side of the electrical connector 30, thereby preventing the encapsulant film 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the connection portion 20, ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the connection portion 20, and thus ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0066] Furthermore, the above-mentioned configuration can also control the thickness of the second sub-connector 23 and the third sub-connector 24 in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. On the one hand, it controls the amount of material used in the second sub-connector 23 and the third sub-connector 24, thereby controlling the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module and improving the product competitiveness of the photovoltaic module. On the other hand, it can optimize the thickness distribution in local areas of the photovoltaic module, avoid stress concentration caused by excessive thickness, and ensure the structural reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0067] For example, H1 = 0.2 * H2; or, H1 = 0.5 * H2; or, H1 = 0.8 * H2; or, H1 = H2; or, H1 = 1.2 * H2; or, H1 = 1.5 * H2, etc.

[0068] In this embodiment, the thickness H1 of the second sub-connection portion 23 and / or the third sub-connection portion 24 in the photovoltaic module thickness direction is set to be greater than or equal to 40 μm to ensure that the thickness of the second sub-connection portion 23 and / or the third sub-connection portion 24 in the photovoltaic module thickness direction is sufficiently thick. The second sub-connection portion 23 may cover at least a portion of the first side of the electrical connector 30, and the third sub-connection portion 24 may cover at least a portion of the second side of the electrical connector 30, thereby preventing the adhesive film 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the connection portion 20, ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the connection portion 20, and thus ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0069] For example, the thickness H1 of the second sub-connection portion 23 and / or the third sub-connection portion 23 in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module can be set to 40μm, 60μm, 80μm, 100μm, 120μm, 150μm, 200μm, 300μm, 400μm, 500μm, etc.

[0070] In this embodiment, the thickness H2 of the electrical connector 30 in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is set to be greater than or equal to 100 μm and less than or equal to 400 μm. This ensures the carrier collection efficiency of the electrical connector 30, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0071] If the thickness of the electrical connector 30 in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is too small, the resistance of the electrical connector 30 will increase, leading to increased current transmission loss and affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, the low tensile strength of the electrical connector 30 makes it prone to breakage under thermal cycling or mechanical loads, affecting the reliability of the photovoltaic module. If the thickness of the electrical connector 30 in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module is too large, the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the electrical connector 30 and the solar cell 10 will be greater, easily causing stress concentration during temperature changes, leading to process defects such as microcracks in the solar cell 10.

[0072] For example, the thickness H2 of the electrical connector 30 in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module can be set to 100μm, 150μm, 200μm, 250μm, 300μm, 350μm, 400μm, etc.

[0073] In this embodiment, the thickness H3 of the first sub-connection portion 22 in the photovoltaic module thickness direction is set to be greater than or equal to 20 μm to ensure that the first sub-connection portion 22 is thick enough. This setting can ensure the stability of the connection between the electrical connector 30 and the battery cell 10 on the one hand, and meet the current transmission requirements on the other hand, effectively reducing the interface contact resistance.

[0074] For example, the thickness H3 of the first sub-connection portion 22 in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module can be set to 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, 100μm, etc.

[0075] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the thickness H1 of the second sub-connection portion 23 and / or the third sub-connection portion 24 refers to the maximum thickness of the second sub-connection portion 23 and / or the third sub-connection portion 24 in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. The thickness H2 of the electrical connector 30 refers to the maximum thickness of the electrical connector 30 in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. The thickness H3 of the first sub-connection portion 22 refers to the maximum thickness of the first sub-connection portion 22 in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module.

[0076] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the thickness of the electrical connector 30 is H2, the thickness of the first sub-connector 22 is H3, and the thickness of the encapsulant film 40 is H4, satisfying H4≥H2+H3+50μm.

[0077] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 4 As shown, in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the thickness H4 of the encapsulant film 40 is set to be greater than or equal to the sum of the thickness H2 of the electrical connector 30 and the thickness H3 of the first sub-connector 22 plus 50 μm. This ensures that the encapsulant film 40 can cover the side of the electrical connector 30 away from the connector 20 and connect to the solar cell 10, thereby fixing the electrical connector 30 to the surface of the solar cell 10 and preventing the electrical connector 30 from shifting, which would affect the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0078] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the thickness H4 of the encapsulant film 40 in the photovoltaic module thickness direction refers to the maximum thickness of the encapsulant film 40 in the photovoltaic module thickness direction. The thickness H2 of the electrical connector 30 in the photovoltaic module thickness direction refers to the maximum thickness of the electrical connector 30 in the photovoltaic module thickness direction. The thickness H3 of the first sub-connection portion 22 in the photovoltaic module thickness direction refers to the maximum thickness of the first sub-connection portion 22 in the photovoltaic module thickness direction.

[0079] For example, H4 = H2 + H3 + 50 μm; or, H4 = H2 + H3 + 60 μm; or, H4 = H2 + H3 + 70 μm; or, H4 = H2 + H3 + 80 μm; or, H4 = H2 + H3 + 90 μm; or, H4 = H2 + H3 + 100 μm.

[0080] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, the surface of the battery cell 10 is provided with a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X, and the plurality of fine grids 11 are arranged at intervals along a second direction Y, the second direction Y intersecting the first direction X; the connecting portion 20 is electrically connected to at least one fine grid 11.

[0081] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X are provided on the surface of the solar cell 10. The plurality of fine grids 11 are arranged at intervals along a second direction Y to collect the charge carriers generated by the solar cell 10. A connecting portion 20 is electrically connected to at least one fine grid 11 and connects at least one fine grid 11 and an electrical connector 30. The connecting portion 20 transmits the charge carriers collected by at least one fine grid 11 to the electrical connector 30, and the electrical connector 30 transmits the collected charge carriers to an external circuit.

[0082] For example, the connecting portion 20 is electrically connected to one fine gate 11, or the connecting portion 20 is electrically connected to two fine gates 11, or the connecting portion 20 is electrically connected to three fine gates 11. Of course, in the embodiments of this application, there is no excessive limitation on the specific number of fine gates 11 connected to the connecting portion 20. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can set it as needed.

[0083] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the connecting part 20 includes a plurality of connecting parts 20, which are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y; the adhesive film 40 includes a plurality of adhesive films 40, each adhesive film 40 being disposed corresponding to one connecting part 20.

[0084] In this embodiment, a plurality of connecting portions 20 are provided between the solar cell 10 and the electrical connector 30. These connecting portions 20 are spaced apart along the second direction Y to connect the electrical connector 30 to the surface of the solar cell 10, thereby improving the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the solar cell 10. A plurality of adhesive films 40 are also provided, spaced apart along the second direction Y, to fix the electrical connector 30 to the surface of the solar cell 10, further improving the reliability of the connection between the electrical connector 30 and the solar cell 10, and thus enhancing the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0085] It should be noted that in this embodiment, each adhesive film 40 is disposed opposite to a connecting portion 20. This is to prevent the adhesive film 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the corresponding connecting portion 20 by blocking the corresponding adhesive film 40 through each connecting portion 20, thus ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the corresponding connecting portion 20, and consequently ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0086] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the surface of the battery cell 10 is provided with a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X, and the plurality of fine grids 11 are arranged at intervals along a second direction Y, the second direction Y intersecting the first direction X; the connecting part 20 includes a main grid 12, which extends along the second direction Y and is electrically connected to the fine grids 11.

[0087] In this embodiment, a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X are provided on the surface of the battery cell 10. The plurality of fine grids 11 are arranged at intervals along a second direction Y to collect the charge carriers generated by the battery cell 10 through the plurality of fine grids 11. The connecting portion 20 is configured as a main grid 12, which extends along the second direction Y and is electrically connected to the plurality of fine grids 11 to collect the charge carriers collected by the plurality of fine grids 11.

[0088] It should be noted that the main grid 12 serves as the connecting part 20. A recess 21 is formed on the side of the main grid 12 furthest from the solar cell 10. The electrical connector 30 is at least partially embedded within the recess 21. The electrical connector 30 is connected to multiple fine grids 11 through the main grid 12, allowing the charge carriers collected by the fine grids 11 to be transferred through the main grid 12 to the electrical connector 30, and then to the battery or external electrical equipment via the electrical connector 30. Furthermore, the recess 21 formed on the side of the main grid 12 furthest from the solar cell 10, with the electrical connector 30 at least partially embedded within it, prevents the encapsulant 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the main grid 12, ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the main grid 12 and the electrical connector 30, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0089] It should be noted that during the manufacturing process of photovoltaic modules, metal paste can be printed onto the surface of the solar cell 10 using screen printing to form the main grid 12. When the main grid 12 is still wet paste, the electrical connector 30 is disposed on the side of the main grid 12 away from the solar cell 10, so that the side of the main grid 12 away from the solar cell 10 forms a recess 21, and the electrical connector 30 is at least partially embedded in the recess 21.

[0090] like Figure 6 As shown, when the main grid 12 serves as the connector 20, in order to ensure the carrier collection efficiency, the main grid 12 has a larger width in the first direction X, and the main grid 12 is also thicker in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. The second sub-connector 23 and the third sub-connector 24 tend to protrude from the encapsulant film 40, that is, a portion of the second sub-connector 23 and the third sub-connector 24 will be exposed outside the encapsulant film 40.

[0091] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the surface of the solar cell 10 is provided with a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X, and the plurality of fine grids 11 are arranged at intervals along a second direction Y, the second direction Y intersecting the first direction X; the surface of the solar cell 10 is also provided with a plurality of main grids 12 extending along the second direction Y, the plurality of main grids 12 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and each main grid 12 is electrically connected to the plurality of fine grids 11; the connecting part 20 is provided on the side of the main grid 12 away from the solar cell 10.

[0092] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X and spaced apart along a second direction Y are provided on the surface of the solar cell 10 to collect the charge carriers generated by the solar cell 10 through the multiple fine grids 11. The surface of the solar cell 10 is also provided with a plurality of main grids 12 extending along the second direction Y and spaced apart along the first direction X. Each main grid 12 is electrically connected to the plurality of fine grids 11 to collect the charge carriers collected by the multiple fine grids 11 through the main grid 12.

[0093] The connecting part 20 is disposed on the side of the main grid 12 away from the battery cell 10, so that the main grid 12 and the electrical connector 30 are electrically connected together through the connecting part 20, so that the electrical connector 30 can collect the charge carriers collected by the main grid 12 and transmit the collected charge carriers to the external circuit.

[0094] It should be noted that during the fabrication of photovoltaic modules, metal paste can be screen-printed onto the side of the main busbar 12 away from the solar cell 10. While the metal paste is still wet, the electrical connector 30 is pressed onto the metal paste to form a connection portion 20 between the main busbar 12 and the electrical connector 30. The metal paste includes, but is not limited to, silver paste, copper paste, silver-coated copper paste, and aluminum paste.

[0095] In some embodiments, the connecting portion 20 is disposed on the side of the main grid 12 away from the solar cell 10. It should be noted that the connecting portion 20 and the main grid 12 can be integrally formed, or they can be separately formed. It is understood that integral forming of the connecting portion 20 and the main grid 12 means that during the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module, the main grid 12 and the connecting portion 20 are formed in one step on the surface of the solar cell 10 by screen printing or plate printing. Separate forming of the connecting portion 20 and the main grid 12 means that during the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module, the main grid 12 is first formed on the surface of the solar cell 10 by screen printing or plate printing, and then the connecting portion 20 is formed on the side of the main grid 12 away from the solar cell 10. In the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the connecting portion 20 and the main grid 12 are at least partially overlapped.

[0096] like Figure 7 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a method for preparing a photovoltaic module is disclosed, which includes: 201, a battery cell 10 is provided, and a connecting portion 20 is formed on the surface of the battery cell 10; In the fabrication process of photovoltaic modules, solar cells 10 are required first. Solar cells 10 are the core component of photovoltaic modules, converting solar energy into electrical energy. Solar cells 10 can be perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells, perovskite solar cells, monocrystalline silicon solar cells, or polycrystalline silicon solar cells. In this embodiment, the specific type of solar cell 10 is not limited; in practical applications, those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs.

[0097] The following will use the perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell 10 as an example to illustrate the photovoltaic module disclosed in this application.

[0098] It should be noted that perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells have high photoelectric conversion efficiency, but they are low-temperature cells. This means that during the fabrication of photovoltaic modules, perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells cannot withstand excessively high fabrication temperatures, as these temperatures can cause irreversible damage. For example, the fabrication temperature of perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells is less than or equal to 150°C.

[0099] A connection portion 20 is formed on the surface of the solar cell 10, and the connection portion 20 is conductive. For example, the connection portion 20 can be formed by screen printing a metal paste onto the surface of the solar cell 10. The metal paste includes, but is not limited to, silver paste, copper paste, silver-coated copper paste, and aluminum paste.

[0100] Of course, the above method of screen printing metal paste onto the surface of the battery cell 10 to form the connector 20 is merely an example of the specific formation method of the connector 20 and is not intended to limit this application. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can also choose the formation method of the connector 20 as needed.

[0101] 202. When the connecting part 20 is in a non-cured state, the electrical connector 30 is pressed onto the side of the connecting part 20 away from the battery cell 10, so that the side of the connecting part 20 away from the battery cell 10 forms a recess 21, and the electrical connector 30 is at least partially embedded in the recess 21. In this embodiment, when the connecting part 20 is in a non-cured state, that is, when the connecting part 20 is still wet slurry and has not cured, the electrical connector 30 is pressed onto the side of the connecting part 20 away from the battery cell 10 and a certain positive pressure is applied, so that the side of the connecting part 20 away from the battery cell 10 is recessed toward the direction closer to the battery cell 10, thereby forming a recessed part 21.

[0102] It should be noted that the portion of the electrical connector 30 embedded in the recess 21 is adapted to the shape of the recess 21, and the electrical connector 30 is directly embedded in the recess 21 and is not removed. It can be understood that at this time, the portion of the electrical connector 30 embedded in the recess 21 is completely flush with the connecting portion 20, and there is no gap between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20.

[0103] 203. Cover the side of the electrical connector 30 away from the connecting part 20 with an adhesive film 40, so that the adhesive film 40 is connected to the battery cell 10.

[0104] After the electrical connector 30 is embedded in the recess 21, an adhesive film 40 is applied to the side of the electrical connector 30 away from the connecting portion 20, so that the adhesive film 40 is connected to the solar cell 10. This fixes the electrical connector 30 to the surface of the solar cell 10 through the adhesive film 40, preventing the electrical connector 30 from shifting and affecting the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0105] In the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the encapsulant film 40 and the connecting portion 20 are arranged opposite to each other to electrically connect the electrical connector 30 and the solar cell 10 together through the connecting portion 20, preventing the encapsulant film 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20. This ensures the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the connecting portion 20, and ensures the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0106] It should be noted that the adhesive film 40 in the embodiments of this application includes, but is not limited to, ultraviolet-curable adhesive films. Ultraviolet-curable adhesive films, also known as UV adhesive films, are functional adhesive films that achieve rapid curing through ultraviolet irradiation. Their curing temperature can meet the fabrication temperature limitations of perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cells.

[0107] like Figure 8 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a method for preparing a photovoltaic module is disclosed, which includes: 301, a battery cell 10 is provided, wherein a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X are formed on the surface of the battery cell 10, the plurality of fine grids 11 are spaced apart along a second direction Y, a main grid 12 extending along the second direction Y is formed on the surface of the battery cell 10, the main grid 12 is electrically connected to the plurality of fine grids 11, and the second direction Y intersects the first direction X. The photovoltaic module prepared by the photovoltaic module preparation method disclosed in this application is a photovoltaic module with a main grid 12. Furthermore, the main grid 12 serves as a connecting part 20, electrically connecting the fine grid 11 to the electrical connector 30, so that the charge carriers collected by the fine grid 11 can be transferred through the main grid 12 to the electrical connector 30, and then transferred through the electrical connector 30 to the battery or external electrical equipment.

[0108] The surface of the solar cell 10 is provided with a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X and spaced apart along a second direction Y, so as to collect the charge carriers generated by the solar cell 10 through the plurality of fine grids 11. The surface of the solar cell 10 is also provided with a plurality of main grids 12 extending along the second direction Y and spaced apart along the first direction X. Each main grid 12 is electrically connected to the plurality of fine grids 11 so as to collect the charge carriers collected by the plurality of fine grids 11 through the main grid 12.

[0109] For example, metal paste can be screen-printed onto the surface of the battery cell 10 to form a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along the first direction X and spaced apart along the second direction Y on the surface of the battery cell 10. After the fine grids 11 have cured, metal paste can be screen-printed onto the surface of the battery cell 10 to form a plurality of main grids 12 extending along the second direction Y and spaced apart along the first direction X on the surface of the battery cell 10.

[0110] It should be noted that the above are merely individual examples of the specific formation methods of the fine gate 11 and the main gate 12, and are not intended to limit this application. The metal paste includes, but is not limited to, silver paste, copper paste, silver-coated copper paste, aluminum paste, etc.

[0111] It should be noted that during the fabrication of photovoltaic modules, the metal pastes used for the fine grid 11, the main grid 12, and the connecting portion 20 can be the same or different. For example, the fine grid 11, the main grid 12, and the connecting portion 20 can all use low-temperature silver paste; alternatively, the fine grid 11 and the main grid 12 can use silver-coated copper paste, while the connecting portion 20 uses low-temperature silver paste; or the fine grid 11 can use silver-coated copper paste, while the main grid 12 and the connecting portion 20 use low-temperature silver paste, etc. This application does not impose specific limitations on these aspects; in practical applications, those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs.

[0112] 302. When the main grid 12 is in a non-cured state, the electrical connector 30 is pressed onto the side of the main grid 12 away from the battery cell 10, so that the side of the main grid 12 away from the battery cell 10 forms a recess 21, and the electrical connector 30 is at least partially embedded in the recess 21. In this embodiment, the main grid 12 serves as the connecting part 20. When the main grid 12 is in a non-cured state, that is, before the main grid 12 is still wet slurry and has not been cured, the electrical connector 30 extends along the second direction Y and is pressed onto the side of the main grid 12 away from the battery cell 10, and a certain positive pressure is applied to make the side of the main grid 12 away from the battery cell 10 recessed toward the direction closer to the battery cell 10, so as to form a recessed part 21.

[0113] It should be noted that the portion of the electrical connector 30 embedded in the recess 21 is adapted to the shape of the recess 21, and the electrical connector 30 is directly embedded in the recess 21 and is not removed. It can be understood that at this time, the portion of the electrical connector 30 embedded in the recess 21 is completely fitted with the main grid 12, and there is no gap between the electrical connector 30 and the main grid 12.

[0114] 303, cover the side of the electrical connector 30 away from the main grid 12 with an adhesive film 40, so that the adhesive film 40 is connected to the battery cell 10.

[0115] After the electrical connector 30 is embedded in the recess 21, an adhesive film 40 is covered on the side of the electrical connector 30 away from the main grid 12, so that the adhesive film 40 is connected to the solar cell 10. This fixes the electrical connector 30 to the surface of the solar cell 10 through the adhesive film 40, preventing the electrical connector 30 from shifting and affecting the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0116] It is understood that the main grid 12 can electrically connect the electrical connector 30 and multiple fine grids 11 together. The charge carriers collected by the multiple fine grids 11 can be transferred through the main grid 12 to the electrical connector 30, and then transferred through the electrical connector 30 to the battery or external electrical equipment. Furthermore, a recess 21 is formed on the side of the main grid 12 away from the solar cell 10, and the electrical connector 30 is at least partially embedded in the recess 21 to prevent the encapsulant 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the main grid 12. This ensures the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the main grid 12, and ensures the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0117] like Figure 9 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a method for preparing a photovoltaic module is disclosed, which includes: 401, a battery cell 10 is provided, wherein a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X are formed on the surface of the battery cell 10, the plurality of fine grids 11 are spaced apart along a second direction Y, a main grid 12 extending along the second direction Y is formed on the surface of the battery cell 10, the main grid 12 is electrically connected to the plurality of fine grids 11, and a connecting portion 20 is formed on the surface of the battery cell 10, the connecting portion 20 covering the side of the main grid 12 away from the battery cell 10, the second direction Y intersecting the first direction X; The photovoltaic module prepared by the photovoltaic module manufacturing method disclosed in this application is a photovoltaic module with a main busbar 12. For example... Figure 1As shown, a connection portion 20 is formed on the side of the main grid 12 away from the solar cell 10. The connection portion 20 is conductive and electrically connects the main grid 12 to the electrical connector 30, allowing the charge carriers collected by the main grid 12 to be transferred through the connection portion 20 to the electrical connector 30, and then through the electrical connector 30 to the battery or external electrical equipment. In other words, the photovoltaic module prepared by the preparation method disclosed in the embodiments of this application has a fine grid 11, a main grid 12, and a connection portion 20 on the surface of the solar cell 10.

[0118] The surface of the solar cell 10 is provided with a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X and spaced apart along a second direction Y, for collecting charge carriers generated by the solar cell 10 through the fine grids 11. The surface of the solar cell 10 is also provided with a plurality of main grids 12 extending along the second direction Y and spaced apart along the first direction X. Each main grid 12 is electrically connected to the plurality of fine grids 11 to collect the charge carriers collected by the fine grids 11 through the main grid 12. At least two connecting portions 20 are provided on the side of the main grid 12 away from the solar cell 10, and the at least two connecting portions 20 are spaced apart along the second direction Y, with local conductivity of the connecting portions 20.

[0119] For example, metal paste can be screen-printed onto the surface of the battery cell 10 to form a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X and spaced apart along a second direction Y on the surface of the battery cell 10. After the fine grids 11 have cured, metal paste is then screen-printed onto the surface of the battery cell 10 to form a plurality of main grids 12 extending along the second direction Y and spaced apart along the first direction X on the surface of the battery cell 10. After the metal paste has cured, metal paste is then screen-printed onto the side of the main grids 12 away from the battery cell 10 to form at least two connecting portions 20 spaced apart along the second direction Y on the side of the main grids 12 away from the battery cell 10.

[0120] It should be noted that the above are merely individual examples of the specific formation methods of the fine grid 11, the main grid 12, and the connecting portion 20, and are not intended to limit this application. The metal paste includes, but is not limited to, silver paste, copper paste, silver-coated copper paste, and aluminum paste.

[0121] 402. When the connecting part 20 is in a non-cured state, the electrical connector 30 is pressed onto the side of the connecting part 20 away from the battery cell 10, so that a recess 21 is formed on the side of the connecting part 20 away from the battery cell 10, and the electrical connector 30 is at least partially embedded in the recess 21. It should be noted that step 402 is the same as or similar to step 202, and will not be repeated here.

[0122] 403, cover the side of the electrical connector 30 away from the connecting part 20 with an adhesive film 40, so that the adhesive film 40 is connected to the battery cell 10.

[0123] It should be noted that step 403 is the same as or similar to step 203, and will not be repeated here.

[0124] like Figure 10 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a method for preparing a photovoltaic module is disclosed, which includes: 501, a battery cell 10 is provided, wherein a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X are formed on the surface of the battery cell 10, the plurality of fine grids 11 are spaced apart along a second direction Y, and at least one set of connecting portions 20 are formed on the surface of the battery cell 10, each set of connecting portions 20 including a plurality of connecting portions 20 spaced apart along the second direction Y, each connecting portion 20 overlapping with at least one fine grid 11, the second direction Y intersecting the first direction X; The photovoltaic module fabrication method disclosed in this application produces a grid-less photovoltaic module. Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the surface of the battery cell 10 is only provided with fine grids 11, and no main grids 12 are provided. The connecting part 20 connects at least one fine grid 11 and the electrical connector 30. The connecting part 20 transmits the charge carriers collected by at least one fine grid 11 to the electrical connector 30, and the electrical connector 30 transmits the collected charge carriers to the battery or external electrical equipment.

[0125] The surface of the solar cell 10 is provided with a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X and spaced apart along a second direction Y, for collecting charge carriers generated by the solar cell 10 through the fine grids 11. The surface of the solar cell 10 is also provided with a plurality of sets of connection portions 20 spaced apart along the first direction X, each set of connection portions 20 including a plurality of connection portions 20 spaced apart along the second direction Y. Each connection portion 20 is electrically connected to the plurality of fine grids 11 to transfer the charge carriers collected by the plurality of fine grids 11 to the electrical connector 30 through the connection portion 20.

[0126] For example, metal paste can be screen-printed onto the surface of the battery cell 10 to form a plurality of fine grids 11 extending along a first direction X and spaced apart along a second direction Y on the surface of the battery cell 10. After the fine grids 11 have cured, metal paste is then screen-printed onto the surface of the battery cell 10 to form a plurality of sets of connecting portions 20 spaced apart along the first direction X on the surface of the battery cell 10. It should be noted that the above are only individual examples of the specific formation methods of the fine grids 11 and the connecting portions 20, and are not intended to limit this application. The metal paste includes, but is not limited to, silver paste, copper paste, silver-coated copper paste, aluminum paste, etc.

[0127] 502, when the connecting part 20 is in a non-cured state, the electrical connector 30 is pressed onto the side of the connecting part 20 away from the battery cell 10, so that the side of the connecting part 20 away from the battery cell 10 forms a recess 21, and the electrical connector 30 is at least partially embedded in the recess 21. It should be noted that step 502 is the same as or similar to step 202, and will not be repeated here.

[0128] 503, at least one set of adhesive films 40 is formed on the side of the electrical connector 30 away from the connecting portion 20. Each set of adhesive films 40 includes a plurality of adhesive films 40 arranged at intervals along the second direction Y. Each adhesive film 40 is correspondingly disposed to a connecting portion 20 and each adhesive film 40 is connected to the battery cell 10.

[0129] After the electrical connector 30 is embedded in the recess 21, a set of adhesive films 40 is formed on the side of each electrical connector 30 away from the connecting portion 20. Each set of adhesive films 40 includes multiple adhesive films 40 spaced apart along the second direction Y. Each adhesive film 40 is correspondingly disposed with a connecting portion 20, and each adhesive film 40 is connected to the solar cell 10. This is to fix an electrical connector 30 to the surface of the solar cell 10 through a set of adhesive films 40, preventing the electrical connector 30 from shifting and coming into contact with and conducting with a fine grid or electrical connector of opposite polarity, which would cause a partial short circuit in the photovoltaic module and affect the reliability and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0130] In other embodiments, the connecting portion 20 and the fine grid 11 can be integrally formed. It is understood that integral forming of the connecting portion 20 and the fine grid 11 means that during the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module, the fine grid 11 and the connecting portion 20 are formed on the surface of the cell 10 in one step by screen printing or plate printing. While the fine grid 11 and the connecting portion 20 are in a non-cured state, the electrical connector 30 is pressed onto the side of the connecting portion 20 away from the cell 10, forming a recess 21 on the side of the connecting portion 20 away from the cell 10. The electrical connector 30 is at least partially embedded in the recess 21. In the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the connecting portion 20 and the fine grid 11 are at least partially overlapped.

[0131] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the application, in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, one encapsulant film 40 is correspondingly provided with one connecting portion 20 to prevent each encapsulant film 40 from overflowing between the electrical connector 30 and the corresponding connecting portion 20. This ensures the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 30 and the multiple connecting portions 20, and ensures the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0132] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0133] Although alternative embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make further changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the alternative embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0134] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such an article or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or terminal device that includes that element.

[0135] The technical solution provided by the present invention has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the principle and implementation of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Battery cell (10); A connecting portion (20) is provided on the surface of the battery cell (10), and a recess (21) is formed on the side of the connecting portion (20) away from the battery cell (10). An electrical connector (30) is at least partially embedded in the recess (21) and extends along the second direction (Y); A film (40) covers the side of the electrical connector (30) away from the connection portion (20) and is connected to the battery cell (10).

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting part (20) includes: The first sub-connection portion (22) is located between the battery cell (10) and the electrical connector (30) along a first direction (X). The first sub-connection portion (22) has a first edge and a second edge disposed opposite to each other, and the first direction (X) intersects the second direction (Y). The second sub-connecting part (23) is connected to the first edge of the first sub-connecting part (22); The third sub-connecting part (24) is connected to the second edge of the first sub-connecting part (22), and the second sub-connecting part (23), the first sub-connecting part (22) and the third sub-connecting part (24) together form the recessed part (21).

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, Along the first direction (X), the electrical connector (30) has a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other; The second sub-connection portion (23) covers at least part of the first side of the electrical connector (30), and the third sub-connection portion (24) covers at least part of the second side of the electrical connector (30).

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the second direction (Y), the length of the adhesive film (40) is L1, which satisfies L1≤2mm; And / or, along the first direction (X), the width of the adhesive film (40) is L4, and the width of the connecting part (20) is L2, satisfying L2<L4≤3*L2.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the first direction (X), the width of the connecting part (20) is L2, and the width of the electrical connector (30) is L3, satisfying 0.8*L3≤L2≤2*L3; And / or, satisfying L2≥100μm; And / or, satisfying L3≥100μm.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the thickness of the second sub-connection (23) and / or the third sub-connection (24) is H1, the thickness of the electrical connector (30) is H2, and the thickness of the first sub-connection (22) is H3, satisfying 0.2*H2≤H1≤1.5*H2; And / or, satisfying H1≥40μm; And / or, satisfying 100μm≤H2≤400μm; And / or, satisfying H3≥20μm.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the thickness of the electrical connector (30) is H2, the thickness of the first sub-connector (22) is H3, and the thickness of the adhesive film (40) is H4, satisfying H4≥H2+H3+50μm.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The surface of the battery cell (10) is provided with a plurality of fine grids (11) extending along a first direction (X), and the plurality of fine grids (11) are arranged at intervals along a second direction (Y), the second direction (Y) intersecting the first direction (X). The connecting part (20) is electrically connected to at least one of the fine gates (11).

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The connecting portion (20) includes a plurality of such portions, which are arranged at intervals along the second direction (Y). The adhesive film (40) includes a plurality of adhesive films (40), and each adhesive film (40) is correspondingly disposed with one of the connecting portions (20).

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The surface of the battery cell (10) is provided with a plurality of fine grids (11) extending along a first direction (X), and the plurality of fine grids (11) are arranged at intervals along a second direction (Y), the second direction (Y) intersecting the first direction (X). The connecting portion (20) includes a main gate (12) that extends along the second direction (Y) and is electrically connected to the fine gate (11).

11. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The surface of the battery cell (10) is provided with a plurality of fine grids (11) extending along a first direction (X), and the plurality of fine grids (11) are arranged at intervals along a second direction (Y), the second direction (Y) intersecting the first direction (X). The surface of the battery cell (10) is also provided with a plurality of main grids (12) extending along the second direction (Y), the plurality of main grids (12) are arranged at intervals along the first direction (X), and each main grid (12) is electrically connected to a plurality of fine grids (11); The connecting part (20) is located on the side of the main grid (12) away from the battery cell (10).

12. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The solar cell (10) includes a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell; And / or, the adhesive film (40) includes a UV-curable adhesive film.

13. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The method includes: A battery cell (10) is provided, and a connecting portion (20) is formed on the surface of the battery cell (10). When the connecting part (20) is in a non-cured state, the electrical connector (30) is pressed onto the side of the connecting part (20) away from the battery cell (10), so that a recess (21) is formed on the side of the connecting part (20) away from the battery cell (10), and the electrical connector (30) is at least partially embedded in the recess (21). An adhesive film (40) is covered on the side of the electrical connector (30) away from the connection portion (20) so that the adhesive film (40) is connected to the battery cell (10).

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