Solar cell module and preparation method thereof, photovoltaic equipment, power utilization device and power generation device

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar cell module and a preparation method thereof, photovoltaic equipment, a power utilization device and a power generation device. At least two cell units are sequentially distributed on a substrate in a preset direction; and then, the first polarity ends of the battery units are connected through the first confluence component, and the second polarity ends of the battery units are connected through the second confluence component, so that the battery units are connected in parallel. According to the design, the parallel design exists in the same solar cell module, the voltage output by the solar cell module outwards is reduced, and the number of modules connected in series can be increased under the condition of inverters of the same specification, so that the use of the inverters and related cables can be correspondingly reduced, and the cost of photovoltaic equipment can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular to solar cell modules and their preparation methods, photovoltaic equipment, electrical appliances and power generation devices. Background Technology

[0002] Solar cell modules are devices that convert sunlight into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect. In use, they are connected to an inverter to convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), providing a reliable power source for various applications. However, due to the structural design limitations of traditional solar cell modules, the number of solar cell modules that can be connected in series with an inverter of the same specifications is relatively small, leading to increased system costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a solar cell module and its manufacturing method, photovoltaic equipment, power consumption device and power generation device, to increase the number of inverters of the same specifications connected in series and reduce costs.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a solar cell module, which includes: a substrate; at least two cell units sequentially disposed on the surface of the substrate along a preset direction, each cell unit having a first polarity end and a second polarity end with opposite polarities at both ends along the preset direction, wherein the preset direction intersects the thickness direction of the substrate; and a busbar assembly, including a first busbar component and a second busbar component, the first busbar component connecting the first polarity end of each cell unit and the second busbar component connecting the second polarity end of each cell unit.

[0005] The aforementioned solar cell module has at least two cell cells sequentially distributed along a predetermined direction on a substrate. Then, the first polarity terminals of each cell cell are connected via a first busbar, and the second polarity terminals are connected via a second busbar, thus achieving parallel connection of the cell cells. This design allows for parallel connection within the same solar cell module, reducing the voltage output of the solar cell module. With the same inverter specifications, the number of modules connected in series can be increased, thereby reducing the use of the inverter and its related cables, which helps to lower the cost of photovoltaic equipment.

[0006] In some embodiments, each battery cell includes a plurality of sub-cells connected in series along a preset direction. In each battery cell, one of the sub-cells located at both ends along the preset direction has a first polarity end and the other has a second polarity end. This design, in which the battery cell is designed as sub-cells connected in series along the preset direction, facilitates an effective series-parallel structure design within the same component.

[0007] In some embodiments, in each cell, both the first polarity terminal and the second polarity terminal are located on the side of their respective sub-cell facing away from the substrate, and the substrate is constructed as a transparent structure. This design, with both the first polarity terminal and the second polarity terminal located on the side of their respective sub-cell facing away from the substrate, reduces the increase in shading area caused by the first or second busbar being located on one side of the substrate, thereby reducing the dead zone area of ​​the solar cell module and improving the module's power generation performance, even when connected in parallel within the same module.

[0008] In some embodiments, in two adjacent battery cells, the two sub-cells having a first polarity terminal or a second polarity terminal are adjacent to each other, and the two first polarity terminals or second polarity terminals are connected to each other. This design, by having the two sub-cells having a first polarity terminal or a second polarity terminal adjacent to each other, shortens the connection path when connected in parallel, facilitating wiring operations.

[0009] In some embodiments, each sub-cell includes a first electrode layer, a light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode layer stacked along the thickness direction of the substrate. The first electrode layer is disposed on the substrate. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of each sub-cell are configured to be connected in series and located at both ends of the sub-cells along a predetermined direction. The first electrode layer of one sub-cell has a first polarity end, and the second electrode layer of the other sub-cell has a second polarity end. An electron transport layer and a hole transport layer are disposed between the light-absorbing layer and the first electrode layer, and the other electron transport layer and a hole transport layer are disposed between the light-absorbing layer and the second electrode layer. This design, incorporating the first electrode layer, hole transport layer, light-absorbing layer, electron transport layer, and second electrode layer, facilitates the formation of a stable series-parallel structure solar cell module.

[0010] In some embodiments, in two adjacent sub-cells of each battery cell, one light-absorbing layer has a hole transport layer on the side facing the substrate and an electron transport layer on the side facing away from the substrate; the other light-absorbing layer has an electron transport layer on the side facing the substrate and a hole transport layer on the side facing away from the substrate. Each first electrode layer and each second electrode layer are sequentially and alternately connected along a predetermined direction. In two adjacent sub-cells, one of the two first electrode layers and the two two second electrode layers remains connected while the other remains separated. This design, alternating between nip-type and pin-type sub-cells in the battery cell, reduces the need for scribing operations when implementing series connection. This not only simplifies the series connection process but also helps reduce the dead zone area caused by scribing, thereby improving the performance of the module.

[0011] In some embodiments, in two adjacent sub-cells of two adjacent battery cells, the electron transport layer and hole transport layer are distributed in the same order on both sides of the light-absorbing layer, and the side of each of the two second electrode layers facing away from the light-absorbing layer is either the first polarity end or the second polarity end. This design ensures that the electron transport layer and hole transport layer are distributed in the same order in two adjacent sub-cells of two adjacent battery cells. Therefore, in parallel design, only the first or second busbar needs to be connected between the two second electrode layers, facilitating parallel operation of each battery cell.

[0012] In some embodiments, each battery cell includes an insulator disposed between two adjacent light-absorbing layers. One end of the insulator is disposed between two adjacent first electrode layers or second electrode layers. Of the two adjacent insulators, one is disposed between two adjacent first electrode layers, and the other is disposed between two adjacent second electrode layers. This design, using insulators between the light-absorbing layers, facilitates the division of individual sub-cells. Simultaneously, the insulators alternately penetrate between two first electrode layers and between two second electrode layers, enabling effective series connection of the components.

[0013] In some embodiments, the light-absorbing layer is a perovskite layer. Thus, introducing a perovskite layer facilitates efficient series and parallel connection of perovskite solar cell modules.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first busbar includes a first connecting portion and a plurality of first drain portions, with each first polarity end having a first drain portion attached thereto, and the first drain portions being connected through the first connecting portion. This design, which incorporates both a first drain portion and a first connecting portion into the first busbar, facilitates parallel connection of the various battery cells.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second busbar includes a second connecting portion and a plurality of second drain portions, with each second polarity end having a second drain portion attached thereto, and the second drain portions being connected through the second connecting portion. This design, which incorporates both a second drain portion and a second connecting portion, facilitates parallel connection of the various battery cells.

[0016] In some embodiments, the busbar assembly further includes an insulating layer disposed on the side of the first busbar and / or the second busbar facing the battery cell. This design, through the insulating layer, reduces the possibility of short circuits between the first busbar, the second busbar, and the battery cell, thereby improving the reliability of the assembly.

[0017] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, which is used to prepare a solar cell module according to any of the above. The method includes the following steps: forming a plurality of cell units sequentially on a substrate along a preset direction, wherein the cell unit includes a plurality of sub-cells connected in series along the preset direction, and in each cell unit, one of the sub-cells located at both ends along the preset direction has a first polarity end and the other has a second polarity end, and the preset direction intersects with the thickness direction of the substrate; and attaching a first busbar and a second busbar to the first polarity end and the second polarity end of each cell unit respectively.

[0018] This design allows for parallel connection within the same solar cell module, reducing the voltage output of the solar cell module. With the same inverter specifications, the number of modules connected in series can be increased, which in turn reduces the use of inverters and their related cables, thus helping to reduce the cost of photovoltaic equipment.

[0019] In some embodiments, the step of sequentially forming a plurality of battery cells on a substrate along a predetermined direction includes: forming a first electrode layer on the substrate; alternately forming a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer along a predetermined direction in each cell region of the first electrode layer, wherein the ends of two adjacent cell regions that are close to each other are both hole transport layers or electron transport layers, wherein the first electrode layer has a plurality of cell regions sequentially distributed along the predetermined direction, and the cell regions are the regions formed by the projection of each battery cell onto the first electrode layer; forming a light-absorbing layer on the side of the hole transport layer and electron transport layer facing away from the first electrode layer; and sequentially forming a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer along a predetermined direction in each cell region of the first electrode layer. An electron transport layer and a hole transport layer are formed, and the two surfaces of the light-absorbing layer along the thickness direction of the substrate are respectively the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer; lines are drawn between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer to form a first trench and a second trench that are alternately distributed along a predetermined direction, wherein the first trench penetrates the first electrode layer, and the second trench does not penetrate the first electrode layer; an insulator is filled into each of the first trenches and the second trench; a second electrode layer is formed on the side of the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer that is away from the light-absorbing layer, and lines are drawn on the second electrode layer at the positions corresponding to the second trenches, so that several sub-cells are formed in series in each unit region.

[0020] This design allows for effective and stable series connection of each battery cell.

[0021] Thirdly, this application provides a photovoltaic device, which includes a solar cell module according to any of the above.

[0022] Fourthly, this application provides an electrical device that includes a solar cell module as described above.

[0023] Fifthly, this application provides a power generation device, which includes the solar cell module of any of the above. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural cross-sectional view of a solar cell module described in some embodiments of this application.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of a solar cell module with two battery cells as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the solar cell module and the inverter described in some embodiments of this application.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of a battery cell described in some embodiments of this application.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a top view of the structure of a solar cell module with three battery cells as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a top view of the structure of a solar cell module with four battery cells as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0030] Figure 7 This application provides a process flow for fabricating solar cell modules as described in some embodiments. Figure 1 .

[0031] Figure 8 This application provides a process flow for fabricating solar cell modules as described in some embodiments. Figure 2 .

[0032] Figure 9 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of a battery cell during scribing as described in some embodiments of this application.

[0033] 100. Solar cell module; 10. Cell unit; 1. Sub-cell; 11. First electrode layer; 12. Hole transport layer; 13. Light-absorbing layer; 14. Electron transport layer; 15. Second electrode layer; 16. First polarity end; 17. Second polarity end; 20. Substrate; 30. Busbar assembly; 31. First busbar component; 311. First drain section; 312. First connection section; 32. Second busbar component; 321. Second drain section; 322. Second connection section; 40. Insulator; 50. Insulating layer; 60. First trench; 61. Second trench; X, Preset direction; Y, Thickness direction; 200. Inverter. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0036] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0039] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0040] With the rapid development of science and technology, breakthroughs have been made in the development of new energy sources. For example, solar cells, represented by perovskite and organic thin-film batteries, have made disruptive progress. These types of solar cells are expected to replace silicon-based solar cells due to their advantages such as high efficiency and low cost.

[0041] Traditional solar cell modules are typically fabricated using a scribing process to connect them in series. Taking perovskite solar cells as an example, the first electrode layer is deposited on the substrate, and the first scribing is performed using laser or mechanical scribing to divide the sub-cells. Next, the first transport layer, the perovskite layer, and the second transport layer are deposited; then, the second scribing is performed using laser or mechanical scribing. Finally, the top second electrode layer is deposited, and the third scribing is performed using laser or mechanical scribing to complete the division of the front electrode.

[0042] However, the structure of traditional perovskite solar cells is typically a series configuration within the same module, resulting in a relatively high rated voltage for the perovskite solar cell module. This limits the number of series-connected modules that can be connected to an inverter of a certain specification, such as an inverter with a permissible total voltage of 1500V. This leads to an increase in the number of inverters and related cables required, increasing system costs, such as the BOS (Balance of System) cost.

[0043] Based on this, addressing the issue of limited number of solar cells that can be connected in series with an inverter of the same specifications in traditional solar cell modules, leading to increased costs, this application provides a solar cell module in which at least two cell units are sequentially distributed along a predetermined direction on a substrate. Then, the first polarity terminals of each cell unit are connected via a first busbar, and the second polarity terminals of each cell unit are connected via a second busbar, enabling the cell units to be connected in parallel. This design allows for parallel connection within the same solar cell module, reducing the voltage output of the solar cell module. With an inverter of the same specifications, the number of modules connected in series can be increased, thus reducing the use of the inverter and its related cables, which is beneficial for reducing the cost of photovoltaic equipment.

[0044] In addition, at least two battery cells are connected in parallel in the same component. This way, if one battery cell fails, it will not affect the operation of the other battery cell, thereby reducing the impact on the opening voltage and current of the entire component and improving the reliability of the component.

[0045] This application provides an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source. The electrical device can be, but is not limited to, a tablet, laptop, electric toy, power tool, electric vehicle, electric car, ship, spacecraft, space station, etc. The electric toy can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys.

[0046] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application provides a solar cell module 100, which includes a substrate 20, at least two cell units 10, and a current collector 30. The cell units 10 are sequentially disposed on the surface of the substrate 20 along a predetermined direction X. Each cell unit 10 has a first polarity end 16 and a second polarity end 17 with opposite polarities at both ends along the predetermined direction X. The predetermined direction X intersects the thickness direction Y of the substrate 20. The current collector 30 includes a first current collector 31 and a second current collector 32. The first current collector 31 connects to the first polarity end 16 of each cell unit 10, and the second current collector 32 connects to the second polarity end 17 of each cell unit 10.

[0047] The substrate 20, also known as the base plate or substrate, can be a transparent structure, such as, but not limited to, glass, tempered glass, quartz, or organic flexible materials; it can also be transparent conductive glass, stainless steel conductive flexible substrate, or polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) conductive flexible substrate. Simultaneously, the substrate 20 can serve as the light-incident side, allowing light to pass through and act on the battery cell 10.

[0048] Battery cell 10 refers to the core structure of solar cell module 100, which is a component that converts absorbed light energy into electrical energy. Taking perovskite solar cell module 100 as an example, battery cell 10 may include a perovskite layer. The perovskite layer absorbs light energy and converts photons into electrons and holes to form a structure for driving loads or storing electrical energy. It should be noted that the battery cell 10 in this embodiment does not include the structure of substrate 20.

[0049] Each battery cell 10 is sequentially distributed along a preset direction X. Each battery cell 10 has a first polarity terminal 16 and a second polarity terminal 17 at both ends of the preset direction X. The first polarity terminal 16 can be the positive terminal and the second polarity terminal 17 can be the negative terminal; or, the first polarity terminal 16 can be the negative terminal and the second polarity terminal 17 can be the positive terminal. There is an open-circuit voltage between the first polarity terminal 16 and the second polarity terminal 17. When the first polarity terminal 16 and the second polarity terminal 17 are connected to a load or an energy storage device, the first polarity terminal 16 and the second polarity terminal 17 can provide electrical energy to the load or the energy storage device.

[0050] When the first polarity terminals 16 are connected to each other and the second polarity terminals 17 are connected to each other, the battery cells 10 are arranged in parallel. Since the battery cells 10 are arranged on the same substrate 20, there are at least two battery cells 10 arranged in parallel in the same solar cell module 100.

[0051] The battery cells 10 can be connected in parallel via a busbar assembly 30. The busbar assembly 30 is a conductive structure that connects the first polarity terminals 16 and the second polarity terminals 17. A first busbar 31 electrically connects the first polarity terminals 16, and a second busbar 32 electrically connects the second polarity terminals 17. To reduce the risk of short circuits during the connection process, the first busbar 31 and the second busbar 32 can be spaced apart to prevent contact; alternatively, an insulating structure can be provided between them. Of course, the first busbar 31 and the second busbar 32 also need to be insulated from the battery cells 10. The materials for the first busbar 31 and the second busbar 32 can be varied, such as, but not limited to, copper tape or silver tape.

[0052] When battery cells 10 are connected in parallel through busbar assembly 30 within the same module, the open-circuit voltage of solar cell module 100 can be reduced. This allows a larger number of modules to be connected in series to an inverter 200 of a specific specification. (See reference...) Figure 3 Consequently, the number of inverters 200 can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost of inverters 200 and their corresponding cables, and thus reducing the overall system cost.

[0053] In addition, the battery cells 10 can be distributed on the substrate 20 in various ways, such as: in two adjacent battery cells 10, the two first polar ends 16 are arranged close to each other; or, the two second polar ends 17 are arranged close to each other; or, the first polar end 16 of one battery cell 10 is close to the second polar end 17 of another battery cell 10.

[0054] This design allows for parallel connection within the same solar cell module 100, reducing the voltage output by the solar cell module 100. With the same inverter 200, the number of modules connected in series can be increased, which can correspondingly reduce the use of the inverter 200 and its related cables, thus helping to reduce the cost of photovoltaic equipment.

[0055] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 1 Each battery unit 10 includes several sub-batteries 1 connected in series along a preset direction X. In each battery unit 10, among the sub-batteries 1 located at both ends along the preset direction X, one has a first polarity end 16 and the other has a second polarity end 17.

[0056] In each battery cell 10, all sub-cells 1 are connected in series along a preset direction X. The current generated in this way can start from the sub-cell 1 located at one end of the preset direction X, flow through each sub-cell 1 in sequence, and be output from the sub-cell 1 located at the other end of the preset direction X. At this time, the sub-cell 1 located at one end of the preset direction X has a first polarity terminal 16, and the sub-cell 1 at the other end has a second polarity terminal 17.

[0057] Meanwhile, in each battery cell 10, there are multiple ways to connect the sub-cells 1 in series. For example, when each sub-cell 1 is nip type (formal structure) or pin type (reverse structure), the top of one sub-cell 1 is connected to the bottom of the next sub-cell 1 along the direction of current flow. For example, the conventional P1 to P3 scribing method can be used to prepare several sub-cells 1 connected in series. In this case, when wiring, the first electrode layer 11 of the last sub-cell 1 can be exposed by mechanical or laser cutting to serve as the first polarity terminal 16 or the second polarity terminal 17. Or, for example, when one of two adjacent sub-cells 1 is nip type and the other is pin type, the top of one sub-cell 1 is connected to the top of the next sub-cell 1, or the bottom of one sub-cell 1 is connected to the bottom of the next sub-cell 1, etc.

[0058] Here, sub-cell 1 refers to a component that can convert absorbed light energy into electrical energy, and can absorb light energy to convert photons into electrons and holes. To facilitate the export of electrons and holes, sub-cell 1 generally includes an electron transport layer 14 and a hole transport layer 12. When the electron transport layer 14 is closer to the substrate 20 than the hole transport layer 12, the sub-cell 1 is nip type; when the hole transport layer 12 is closer to the substrate 20 than the electron transport layer 14, the sub-cell 1 is pin type.

[0059] This design, in which the battery unit 10 is designed as a sub-battery 1 connected in series along a preset direction X, facilitates an effective series-parallel structure design in the same component.

[0060] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 1 In each battery cell 10, the first polar end 16 and the second polar end 17 are located on the side of their respective sub-cells 1 facing away from the substrate 20, and the substrate 20 is constructed as a transparent structure.

[0061] It can be seen that the side of the sub-cell 1 located at one end of the preset direction X facing away from the substrate 20 is the first polarity end 16, and the side of the sub-cell 1 located at the other end of the preset direction X facing away from the substrate 20 is the second polarity end 17. In this way, when connected, both the first busbar 31 and the second busbar 32 are located on the side of the battery cell 10 facing away from the substrate 20. Compared with placing the first busbar 31 or the second busbar 32 on one side of the substrate 20, the increase in the shading area caused by placing the first busbar 31 or the second busbar 32 on one side of the substrate 20 can be reduced, thereby reducing the dead area of ​​the solar cell module 100 and improving the power generation performance of the module.

[0062] Furthermore, it is easy to understand that the first polarity terminal 16 and the second polarity terminal 17 are both located on the side of their respective sub-cells 1 facing away from the substrate 20. Thus, the current flow path in the battery cell 10 should be as follows: it enters from the top of the sub-cell 1 located at one end of the preset direction X and towards the substrate 20, and then exits from the top of the sub-cell 1 located at the other end of the preset direction X and towards the substrate 20.

[0063] With this design, the first polarity end 16 and the second polarity end 17 are both located on the side of their respective sub-cells 1 facing away from the substrate 20. In the case of parallel connection in the same module, the shading area caused by the first busbar 31 or the second busbar 32 being located on the side of the substrate 20 is reduced, thereby reducing the dead zone area of ​​the solar cell module 100 and improving the power generation performance of the module.

[0064] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In two adjacent battery cells 10, two sub-batteries 1 with a first polarity end 16 or a second polarity end 17 are adjacent to each other, and the two first polarity ends 16 or the two second polarity ends 17 are connected to each other.

[0065] When two sub-batteries 1 with a first polarity terminal 16 or a second polarity terminal 17 are adjacent to each other, during the parallel connection process, it is only necessary to connect the two adjacent first polarity terminals 16 or second polarity terminals 17, which can shorten the connection path between the first polarity terminals 16 or second polarity terminals 17. For example, in two adjacent battery cells 10, the sub-batteries 1 with the first polarity terminal 16 are adjacent to each other, and the sub-batteries 1 with the second polarity terminal 17 are far apart from each other; or, the sub-batteries 1 with the second polarity terminal 17 are adjacent to each other, and the sub-batteries 1 with the first polarity terminal 16 are far apart from each other.

[0066] When the first polarity terminal 16 and the second polarity terminal 17 are both located on the side of their respective sub-cells 1 facing away from the substrate 20, and the two sub-cells 1 with the first polarity terminal 16 or the second polarity terminal 17 are adjacent to each other, since the current flow direction in the two adjacent sub-cells 1 is consistent, the two sub-cells 1 do not need to be insulated or marked.

[0067] This design connects two sub-batteries 1 with either the first polarity terminal 16 or the second polarity terminal 17 adjacent to each other, which shortens the connection path and facilitates wiring operations when connected in parallel.

[0068] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 4 Each sub-cell 1 includes a first electrode layer 11, a light-absorbing layer 13, and a second electrode layer 15 stacked along the thickness direction Y of the substrate 20. The first electrode layer 11 is disposed on the substrate 20. The first electrode layer 11 and the second electrode layer 15 of each sub-cell 1 are connected in series and located at both ends of the sub-cell 1 along a preset direction X. The first electrode layer 11 of one sub-cell 11 has a first polarity end 16, and the second electrode layer 15 of the other sub-cell 15 has a second polarity end 17. One of the electron transport layer 14 and the hole transport layer 12 is disposed between the light-absorbing layer 13 and the first electrode layer 11, and the other of the electron transport layer 14 and the hole transport layer 12 is disposed between the light-absorbing layer 13 and the second electrode layer 15.

[0069] The first electrode layer 11 can be a transparent conductive oxide film, which has an average transmittance of over 80% in the visible light range (wavelength 380 nm ~ 760 nm, corresponding to energies of 3.26 eV ~ 1.63 eV), and also has high conductivity and a resistivity of less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. -3Ω·cm (ohm·cm). A variety of materials can be selected, such as, but not limited to, indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), lanthanide-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), gallium zinc oxide (GZO), and indium tungsten oxide (IWO).

[0070] The second electrode layer 15, also known as the back electrode, can be made of materials such as, but are not limited to, Ag, Au, Pt, Cu, ITO, FTO, AZO, etc.

[0071] The light-absorbing layer 13 is the core component that converts absorbed light energy into electrical energy. It absorbs light energy by converting photons into electrons and holes. The light-absorbing layer 13 is a semiconductor material. For example, in a perovskite solar cell module 100, the light-absorbing layer 13 is a perovskite layer, wherein the chemical formula of the perovskite material satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6; where A is an inorganic cation or an organic ammonium cation or a mixture of both, and can be at least one of formamidinium ion (FA), methylammonium ion (MA), and Cs; B is an inorganic metal cation, which can be Pb. 2+ Sn 2+ Fe 2+ Mn 2+ Ni 2+ 、Ge 2+ Co 2+ and Sb 2+ One or more of the following; C is a noble metal cation, commonly Ag. + D is a heavy metal or rare metal cation, which can be a bismuth cation (Bi). 3+ Antimony cation Sb 3+ and indium cations In 3+ At least one of the following; X is a halide or pseudohalogen anion, which can be Cl... - ,Br - I - SCN - BF4 - At least one of them.

[0072] To facilitate electron and hole migration, an electron transport layer 14 and a hole transport layer 12 are respectively provided on both sides of the light-absorbing layer 13 along the thickness direction Y. When the electron transport layer 14 is located between the light-absorbing layer 13 and the first electrode layer 11, and the hole transport layer 12 is located between the light-absorbing layer 13 and the second electrode layer 15, the sub-cell 1 is nip type (formal structure). When the hole transport layer 12 is located between the light-absorbing layer 13 and the first electrode layer 11, and the electron transport layer 14 is located between the light-absorbing layer 13 and the second electrode layer 15, the sub-cell 1 is pin type (inverted structure).

[0073] In the same battery cell 10, each sub-cell 1 can be nip type or pin type; or, each sub-cell 1 can be nip type and pin type alternately; or, some can be nip type and others can be pin type. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the series connection between each sub-cell 1. For example, sub-cells of the same nip type or pin type can be connected in series vertically, such as: one second electrode layer 15 is connected to another first electrode layer 11; between nip type and pin type sub-cells 1, two first electrode layers 11 or second electrode layers 15 are connected.

[0074] In addition to transporting electrons, the electron transport layer 14 can also block holes. The material can be selected from various options, such as: [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester, C60, cyano-containing polyphenylacetylene, boron-containing polymers, copper bath, red phenanthroline, aluminum hydroxyquinoline, oxadiazole compounds, benzimidazole compounds, naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid compounds, perylene derivatives, phosphine oxide compounds, phosphorus sulfide compounds, fluorine-containing phthalocyanine, titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO2), indium oxide (In2O3), gallium oxide (Ga2O3), tin sulfide (SnS), indium sulfide (In2O3), lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), and zinc sulfide (ZnS). In addition to transporting holes, the hole transport layer 12 can also block electrons. Its materials may include at least one of the following: thiophene, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, 2,2',7,7'-tetra(N,N-di-p-methoxyaniline)-9,9'-spirodifluorene, molybdenum oxide (MoO3), vanadium oxide (V2O5), tungsten oxide (WO3 and / or WO2), nickel oxide (NiO), copper oxide (CuO), tin oxide (SnO2), molybdenum sulfide (MoS2), tungsten sulfide (WS2), copper sulfide (CuS), tin sulfide (SnS), cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), copper iodide (CuI), fluorine-containing phosphonic acid, carbonyl-containing phosphonic acid, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

[0075] In addition, in order to ensure that both the first polar end 16 and the second polar end 17 are located on the side of the sub-cell 1 facing away from the substrate 20, the first polar end 16 and the second polar end 17 are respectively on the side of the second electrode layer 15 of the corresponding sub-cell 1 facing away from the light-absorbing layer 13.

[0076] This design incorporates a first electrode layer 11, a hole transport layer 12, a light-absorbing layer 13, an electron transport layer 14, and a second electrode layer 15, which facilitates the formation of a stable series-parallel structure solar cell module 100.

[0077] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 4 In each of the two adjacent sub-cells 1 of each battery cell 10, one light-absorbing layer 13 has a hole transport layer 12 on the side facing the substrate 20 and an electron transport layer 14 on the side facing away from the substrate 20; the other light-absorbing layer 13 has an electron transport layer 14 on the side facing the substrate 20 and a hole transport layer 12 on the side facing away from the substrate 20; each first electrode layer 11 and each second electrode layer 15 are sequentially and alternately connected along a preset direction X, and in each of the two adjacent sub-cells 1, one of the two first electrode layers 11 and the two second electrode layers 15 are connected and the other is separated.

[0078] It can be seen that in the same battery cell 10, among two adjacent cells, one hole transport layer 12 is located between the light-absorbing layer 13 and the first electrode layer 11, and the other hole transport layer 12 is located between the light-absorbing layer 13 and the second electrode layer 15. That is, among the two sub-cells 1, one is nip type (formal structure) and the other is pin type (inverted structure). In this way, in the same battery cell 10, nip type and pin type sub-cells 1 are alternately distributed along the preset direction X.

[0079] Since the nip-type and pin-type sub-cells 1 are alternately distributed along a preset direction X, the current flows in opposite directions in two adjacent sub-cells 1. To achieve effective series connection, the first electrode layers 11 and the second electrode layers 15 need to be connected sequentially from top to bottom. The first electrode layers 11 and the second electrode layers 15 need to be connected alternately, but it should be noted that in two adjacent sub-cells 1, either the two first electrode layers 11 are connected, or the two second electrode layers 15 are connected, to achieve sequential connection from top to bottom.

[0080] For example, in the direction of current flow, the first electrode layer 11 of the first sub-cell 1 is connected to the first electrode layer 11 of the second sub-cell 1, the second electrode layer 15 of the second sub-cell 1 is connected to the second electrode layer 15 of the third sub-cell 1, the first electrode layer 11 of the third sub-cell 1 is connected to the first electrode layer 11 of the fourth sub-cell 1, and so on. Of course, in some embodiments, during the series connection process, the second electrode layer 15 of the first sub-cell 1 can also be connected to the second electrode layer 15 of the second sub-cell 1, the first electrode layer 11 of the second sub-cell 1 is connected to the first electrode layer 11 of the third sub-cell 1, the second electrode layer 15 of the third sub-cell 1 is connected to the second electrode layer 15 of the fourth sub-cell 1, and so on. This series connection method will cause at least one of the first polarity terminal 16 and the second polarity terminal 17 to be located on the side of the first electrode layer 11 facing the substrate 20, increasing the dead area.

[0081] In some specific embodiments, the first polarity terminal 16 is the positive terminal and the second polarity terminal 17 is the negative terminal. In the sub-cell 1 with the first polarity terminal 16, the first electrode layer 11, the electron transport layer 14, the light absorption layer 13, the hole transport layer 12, and the second electrode layer 15 are stacked in sequence. The sub-cell 1 is a nip type (formal structure). At this time, the second electrode layer 15 of the sub-cell 1 has the first polarity terminal 16, and in the direction of current flow, the first electrode layer 11 of the sub-cell 1 is connected to the first electrode layer 11 of the second sub-cell 1, the second electrode layer 15 of the second sub-cell 1 is connected to the second electrode layer 15 of the third sub-cell 1, and so on. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the second polarity terminal 17 is also located on the side of the sub-cell 1 facing away from the substrate 20, the number of sub-cells 1 in the battery unit 10 is even. That is, in the sub-cell 1 with the second polarity terminal 17, the first electrode layer 11, hole transport layer 12, light absorption layer 13, electron transport layer 14 and second electrode layer 15 are stacked in sequence. The sub-cell 1 is pin-type (inverted structure), and the second electrode layer 15 has the second polarity terminal 17 on the side facing away from the light absorption layer 13.

[0082] This design alternates between nip and pin types for the sub-cells 1 in the battery cell 10. This reduces the need for scribing operations while achieving series connection. It not only simplifies the series connection operation but also helps to reduce the dead zone area caused by scribing, thereby improving the performance of the module.

[0083] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, in two sub-cells 1 that are close to each other in two adjacent battery cells 10, the electron transport layer 14 and the hole transport layer 12 are distributed in the same order on both sides of the light-absorbing layer 13, and the side of the two second electrode layers 15 facing away from the light-absorbing layer 13 is either the first polar end 16 or the second polar end 17.

[0084] Two adjacent sub-cells 1 of two adjacent battery cells 10 can both serve as the current output or input terminal of the battery cell 10. In this embodiment, the side of the two second electrode layers 15 facing away from the light-absorbing layer 13 is either the first polarity end 16 or the second polarity end 17. This allows the first busbar component 31 or the second busbar component 32 to be placed on the side of the sub-cell 1 facing away from the substrate 20, reducing the area occupied by the light-absorbing layer.

[0085] The electron transport layer 14 and hole transport layer 12 can be arranged in the following order on both sides of the light-absorbing layer 13: the electron transport layer 14 can be below the light-absorbing layer 13 (i.e., on the side of the light-absorbing layer 13 facing the first electrode layer 11), and the hole transport layer 12 can be above the light-absorbing layer 13 (i.e., on the side of the light-absorbing layer 13 facing the second electrode layer 15); or, the electron transport layer 14 can be above the light-absorbing layer 13, and the hole transport layer 12 can be below the light-absorbing layer 13. When the distribution order of the hole transport layer 12 and the electron transport layer 14 is consistent in two sub-cells 1 that are close to each other in two battery cells 10, both sub-cells 1 are nip-type or pin-type. In this way, when two adjacent battery cells 10 are connected in parallel, only one side of the two second electrode layers 15 needs to be connected.

[0086] This design ensures that the distribution order of the electron transport layer 14 and the hole transport layer 12 in the two closely spaced sub-cells 1 of two adjacent battery cells 10 remains consistent. In this way, when designing in parallel, it is only necessary to connect the first busbar 31 or the second busbar 32 between the two second electrode layers 15, which facilitates the parallel operation of each battery cell 10.

[0087] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 4 Each battery cell 10 includes an insulator 40, which is disposed between two adjacent light-absorbing layers 13. One end of the insulator 40 is disposed between two adjacent first electrode layers 11 or second electrode layers 15. Among the two adjacent insulators 40, one is disposed between two adjacent first electrode layers 11 and the other is disposed between two adjacent second electrode layers 15.

[0088] Insulator 40 refers to the insulating structure between two adjacent sub-cells 1. When insulator 40 is between two adjacent light-absorbing layers 13, one end of it can extend to the space between two adjacent first electrode layers 11 or two adjacent second electrode layers 15. Of course, when insulator 40 is between two adjacent first electrode layers 11 or two adjacent second electrode layers 15, it must also be between adjacent hole transport layers 12 and electron transport layers 14.

[0089] When two adjacent insulators 40 are separated, one is between two first electrode layers 11 and the other is between two second electrode layers 15, a series connection can be formed between the individual sub-cells 1. Specifically, in some embodiments, in the same battery cell 10, one end of an insulator 40 located along a predetermined direction X is separated between two adjacent second electrode layers 15, and one end of a second insulator 40 is separated between two adjacent first electrode layers 11; and so on, one end of an insulator 40 located along the other end of the predetermined direction X is separated between two second electrode layers 15.

[0090] The material of the insulator 40 can be designed in various ways, such as, but not limited to, insulating adhesive. The insulator 40 can also be prepared in various ways. For example, after forming the electron transport layer 14 and the hole transport layer 12, lines can be scribed between the electron transport layer 14 and the hole transport layer 12, with the scribed lines alternately tracing through the first electrode layer 11; then, the insulator 40 is formed at the scribed lines. The insulator 40 can be formed by, but is not limited to, coating, deposition, etc.; or, the insulator 40 can be formed simultaneously using a mask when forming the first electrode layer 11, the electron transport layer 14 or the hole transport layer 12, and the light-absorbing layer 13.

[0091] With this design, the insulator 40 is used to separate the light-absorbing layers 13, which facilitates the division of each sub-cell 1; at the same time, the insulator 40 alternately passes through the two first electrode layers 11 and the two second electrode layers 15, so as to realize the effective series connection of the components.

[0092] In some embodiments of this application, the light-absorbing layer 13 may optionally be a perovskite layer.

[0093] A perovskite layer refers to a structure that absorbs light and excites electron / hole pairs. The chemical formula of perovskite materials satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6; where A is an inorganic cation, an organic ammonium cation, or a mixture of both, and can be at least one of formamidinium ion (FA), methylammonium ion (MA), and Cs; B is an inorganic metal cation, which can be Pb. 2+ Sn 2+ Fe 2+ Mn 2+ Ni 2+ 、Ge 2 + Co 2+ and Sb 2+ One or more of the following; C is a noble metal cation, commonly Ag. + D is a heavy metal or rare metal cation, which can be a bismuth cation (Bi). 3+ Antimony cation Sb 3+ and indium cations In 3+ At least one of the following; X is a halide or pseudohalogen anion, which can be Cl...- ,Br - I - SCN - BF4 - At least one of them.

[0094] Thus, the introduction of a perovskite layer facilitates the effective series and parallel connection of perovskite solar cell modules 100.

[0095] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 The first busbar component 31 includes a first connecting part 312 and a plurality of first draining parts 311. Each first polarity end 16 is attached with a first draining part 311, and each first draining part 311 is connected through the first connecting part 312.

[0096] The first current-guiding part 311 refers to a conductive structure directly connected to the first polarity terminal 16, which can conduct current out or into each battery cell 10. The material of the first current-guiding part 311 can be various, such as copper tape, silver tape, etc. To facilitate better electrical conduction between the first current-guiding part 311 and the first polarity terminal 16, the first current-guiding part 311 extends along a direction intersecting the preset direction X. Specifically, in some embodiments, the battery cell 10 includes sub-cells 1 connected in series along the preset direction X, and each sub-cell 1 includes one of a first electrode layer 11, a hole transport layer 12, and an electron transport layer 14, a light-absorbing layer 13, the other of the hole transport layer 12 and electron transport layer 14, and a second electrode layer 15. The second electrode layer 15 of the sub-cell 1 located at one end of the battery cell 10 along the preset direction X has a first polarity terminal 16, and the second electrode layer 15 of the sub-cell 1 located at one end of the battery cell 10 along the preset direction X has a second polarity terminal 17. At this time, during connection, the first drain portion 311 can be attached to the second electrode layer 15 having the first polarity end 16.

[0097] The first connecting portion 312 is a conductive structure that connects the various first current-guiding portions 311 together, serving to combine or divide current. The material of the first connecting portion 312 can also be, but is not limited to, copper tape, silver tape, etc. Since the battery cells 10 are distributed sequentially along a preset direction X, the first connecting portion 312 can extend along the preset direction X to connect the various first current-guiding portions 311.

[0098] Furthermore, since the first connecting portion 312 needs to connect each of the first drain portions 311, it may span multiple battery cells 10. Therefore, to reduce the possibility of a short circuit between the first connecting portion 312 and the battery cell 10 during connection, an insulating structure can be provided between the first connecting portion 312 and the battery cell 10. At the same time, care must be taken regarding the contact between the first connecting portion 312 and the second busbar component 32 during connection; for example, the first connecting portion 312 and the second busbar component 32 can be spaced apart; or, an insulating structure can also be provided between the first connecting portion 312 and the second busbar component 32.

[0099] This design incorporates the first busbar component 31 as a first drain section 311 and a first connecting section 312, facilitating the parallel connection of each battery unit 10.

[0100] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 The second busbar component 32 includes a second connecting portion 322 and a plurality of second drain portions 321. Each second polar end 17 is attached with a second drain portion 321, and each second drain portion 321 is connected through the second connecting portion 322.

[0101] The second current-draining portion 321 refers to a conductive structure directly connected to the second polarity terminal 17, which can conduct current out or into each battery cell 10. The material of the second current-draining portion 321 can be various, such as copper tape, silver tape, etc. To facilitate better electrical conduction between the second current-draining portion 321 and the second polarity terminal 17, the second current-draining portion 321 extends along a direction intersecting the preset direction X. Specifically, in some embodiments, the battery cell 10 includes sub-cells 1 connected in series along the preset direction X, and each sub-cell 1 includes one of a first electrode layer 11, a hole transport layer 12, and an electron transport layer 14, a light-absorbing layer 13, the other of the hole transport layer 12 and electron transport layer 14, and a second electrode layer 15. The second electrode layer 15 of the sub-cell 1 located at one end of the battery cell 10 along the preset direction X has a first polarity terminal 16, and the second electrode layer 15 of the sub-cell 1 located at one end of the battery cell 10 along the preset direction X has a second polarity terminal 17. At this time, during connection, the second drain portion 321 can be attached to the second electrode layer 15 having the second polarity end 17.

[0102] The second connecting portion 322 is a conductive structure that connects the various second current-guiding portions 321 together, serving to combine or divide current. The material of the second connecting portion 322 can also be, but is not limited to, copper tape, silver tape, etc. Since the battery cells 10 are distributed sequentially along a preset direction X, the second connecting portion 322 can extend along the preset direction X to connect the various second current-guiding portions 321.

[0103] In some embodiments, the first busbar component 31 includes a plurality of first drain portions 311 and a first connecting portion 312 connecting each of the first drain portions 311. Each first drain portion 311 is correspondingly connected to the first polarity end 16 of each battery cell 10, and each second drain portion 321 is correspondingly connected to the second polarity end 17 of each battery cell 10. The first connecting portion 312 and the second connecting portion 322 both extend along a preset direction X and are spaced apart in directions intersecting the preset direction X.

[0104] With this design, the second busbar component 32 is designed as a second drain section 321 and a second connecting section 322, which facilitates the parallel connection of each battery unit 10.

[0105] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 The busbar assembly 30 also includes an insulating layer 50, which is disposed on one side of the first busbar component 31 and / or the second busbar component 32 facing the battery cell 10.

[0106] The insulating layer 50 refers to the structure that provides insulation protection for the first busbar component 31 and / or the second busbar component 32. It can be insulating adhesive or insulating plastic, etc. In some embodiments, the first busbar component 31 includes a first lead-in portion 311 and a first connecting portion 312, and the second busbar component 32 includes a second lead-in portion 321 and a second connecting portion 322. The insulating layer 50 is disposed on the side of the first connecting portion 312 and / or the second connecting portion 322 facing the battery cell 10.

[0107] When there are two battery cells 10, please refer to [the relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The first polarized ends 16 of each battery cell 10 are close to each other, and the second polarized ends 17 are far apart from each other. At this time, the two first drain portions 311 are attached to the two first polarized ends 16, the two second drain portions 321 are attached to the two second polarized ends 17, the first connecting portion 312 is connected between the two first drain portions 311, the second connecting portion 322 is connected between the two second drain portions 321, and spans the two first drain portions 311 along a preset direction X. The insulating layer 50 is provided on the side of the second connecting portion 322 facing the battery cell 10 to insulate the battery cell 10 and the first drain portion 311.

[0108] When there are three battery cells 10, please refer to [the relevant documentation]. Figure 5The first polarity end 16 of the middle battery unit 10 can be close to the first polarity end 16 of one side battery unit 10, and the second polarity end 17 of the middle battery unit 10 can be close to the second polarity end 17 of the other side battery unit 10. At this time, the three first drain portions 311 are correspondingly attached to the three first polarity ends 16, the three second drain portions 321 are correspondingly attached to the three second polarity ends 17, the first connecting portion 312 is connected between the three first drain portions 311 and spans two second drain portions 321 along a preset direction X, the second connecting portion 322 is connected between the three second drain portions 321 and spans two first drain portions 311 along a preset direction X, and the insulating layer 50 is respectively provided on the side of the first connecting portion 312 and the second connecting portion 322 facing the battery unit 10.

[0109] When there are four battery cells (10), please refer to [the relevant documentation]. Figure 6 The battery cells 10 are arranged as follows: second polarity end 17, first polarity end 16, first polarity end 16, second polarity end 17, second polarity end 17, first polarity end 16, first polarity end 16, and second polarity end 17. At this time, four first drain portions 311 are correspondingly attached to the four first polarity ends 16, four second drain portions 321 are correspondingly attached to the four second polarity ends 17, a first connecting portion 312 connects between the four first drain portions 311 and spans two second drain portions 321 along a preset direction X, a second connecting portion 322 connects between the four second drain portions 321 and spans four first drain portions 311 along a preset direction X, and an insulating layer 50 is respectively disposed on one side of the first connecting portion 312 and the second connecting portion 322 facing the battery cell 10.

[0110] This design, through the insulation layer 50, reduces the possibility of short circuits between the first busbar 31, the second busbar 32, and the battery unit 10, thereby improving the reliability of the components.

[0111] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 7 This application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module 100, which is used to prepare the solar cell module 100 according to any of the above-mentioned methods. The method includes the following steps:

[0112] S100. A plurality of battery units 10 are sequentially formed on the substrate 20 along a preset direction X. Each battery unit 10 includes a plurality of sub-batteries 1 connected in series along the preset direction X. In each battery unit 10, one of the sub-batteries 1 located at both ends along the preset direction X has a first polar end 16 and the other has a second polar end 17. The preset direction X intersects with the thickness direction Y of the substrate 20.

[0113] S200, the first busbar component 31 and the second busbar component 32 are respectively attached to the first polarity terminal 16 and the second polarity terminal 17 of each battery cell 10.

[0114] In step S100, the sub-cell 1 refers to a structure capable of absorbing light energy and converting it into electrical energy. It may include one of a first electrode layer 11, an electron transport layer 14, and a hole transport layer 12, a light-absorbing layer 13, the other of the electron transport layer 14 and hole transport layer 12, and a second electrode layer 15. The sub-cells 1 connected in series can be formed in various ways, such as: using a scribing method (P1~P3) to scribble lines on the formed first electrode layer 11, electron transport layer 14, light-absorbing layer 13, hole transport layer 12, and second electrode layer 15 to achieve series connection; or using a mask to form each sub-cell 1 in alternating pin and nip shapes, etc.

[0115] In step S200, both the first busbar 31 and the second busbar 32 are conductive structures. The first busbar 31 can connect to each of the first polarity terminals 16, and the second busbar 32 can connect to each of the second polarity terminals 17. Specifically, in some embodiments, the first busbar 31 includes a plurality of first drain portions 311 and a first connecting portion 312 connecting the first drain portions 311 together. The second busbar 32 includes a plurality of second drain portions 321 and a second connecting portion 322 connecting the second drain portions 321 together. During connection, each first drain portion 311 is correspondingly attached to the first polarity terminal 16 of each battery cell 10, and then the first connecting portion 312 is sequentially connected to each first drain portion 311 along a preset direction X. Similarly, each second drain portion 321 is correspondingly attached to the second polarity terminal 17 of each battery cell 10, and then the second connecting portion 322 is sequentially connected to each second drain portion 321 along a preset direction X.

[0116] Since both the first connecting portion 312 and the second connecting portion 322 extend along a preset direction X, in order to reduce the possibility of short circuit, an insulating layer 50 can be provided on one side of the first connecting portion 312 and the second connecting portion 322 facing the battery unit 10, so that the first connecting portion 312 is insulated from the second drain portion 321 and the battery unit 10 through the insulating layer 50, and the second connecting portion 322 is insulated from the first drain portion 311 and the battery unit 10 through the insulating layer 50.

[0117] In some embodiments, after the first busbar component 31 and the second busbar component 32 are attached, butyl adhesive can be applied around the battery unit 10 for sealing; then, the top of the battery unit 10 is sealed with a glass cover; after sealing, lamination, framing and junction box installation can be performed in sequence.

[0118] This design allows for parallel connection within the same solar cell module 100, reducing the voltage output by the solar cell module 100. With the same inverter 200, the number of modules connected in series can be increased, which can correspondingly reduce the use of the inverter 200 and its related cables, thus helping to reduce the cost of photovoltaic equipment.

[0119] Optionally, according to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 8 S100, the step of sequentially forming a plurality of battery cells 10 on the substrate 20 along a predetermined direction X includes:

[0120] S110, A first electrode layer 11 is formed on the substrate 20;

[0121] S120. Hole transport layer 12 and electron transport layer 14 are alternately formed in each unit region on the first electrode layer 11 along a preset direction X, and the ends of two adjacent unit regions that are close to each other are either hole transport layer 12 or electron transport layer 14. The first electrode layer 11 has a number of unit regions distributed sequentially along the preset direction X. The unit region is the region formed by the projection of each battery unit 10 onto the first electrode layer 11.

[0122] S130, A light-absorbing layer 13 is formed on the side of the hole transport layer 12 and the electron transport layer 14 that is opposite to the first electrode layer 11;

[0123] S140. An electron transport layer 14 and a hole transport layer 12 are alternately formed on the light-absorbing layer 13, and the two surfaces of the light-absorbing layer 13 along the thickness direction Y of the substrate 20 are the hole transport layer 12 and the electron transport layer 14, respectively.

[0124] S150. Draw lines between the hole transport layer 12 and the electron transport layer 14 to form a first trench 60 and a second trench 61 that are alternately distributed along a preset direction X, wherein the first trench 60 penetrates the first electrode layer 11 and the second trench 61 does not penetrate the first electrode layer 11.

[0125] S160. Insulator 40 is filled into each of the first trench 60 and the second trench 61.

[0126] S170. A second electrode layer 15 is formed on the side of the hole transport layer 12 and electron transport layer 14 that is away from the light-absorbing layer 13, and a line is drawn on the second electrode layer 15 at the position corresponding to the second trench 61, so that a plurality of sub-cells 1 are formed in series in each unit region.

[0127] In step S110, there are various ways to form the first electrode layer 11, such as magnetron sputtering, vapor deposition, printing paste, spraying, etc.

[0128] In step S120, a hole transport layer 12 and an electron transport layer 14 can be alternately formed sequentially in each unit region on the first electrode layer 11 using a mask, so that the subsequently formed sub-cells 1 alternately form pin-type and nip-type cells. This method of alternating pin-type and nip-type formation reduces the number of scribing operations, thereby relatively reducing the dead area. Here, a unit region refers to the area formed by the projection of each battery unit 10 onto the first electrode layer 11. After step S170 is completed, each unit region corresponds to the formation of one battery unit 10, and each unit region has several sub-cells 1 connected in series.

[0129] In step S140, when the side of the light-absorbing layer 13 facing the first electrode layer 11 is an electron transport layer 14, a hole transport layer 12 is formed on the light-absorbing layer 13. When the side of the light-absorbing layer 13 facing the first electrode layer 11 is a hole transport layer 12, an electron transport layer 14 is formed on the light-absorbing layer 13.

[0130] In step S150, lines can be drawn between the electron transport layer 14 and the hole transport layer 12 using laser or mechanical scribing, thereby alternately forming a first trench 60 and a second trench 61 along a preset direction X. The first trench 60 penetrates the first electrode layer 11, thus cutting off the first electrode layer 11. One end of the second trench 61 does not cut off the first electrode layer 11, allowing two adjacent sub-cells 1 to connect at the bottom of the first electrode layer 11 of the second trench 61. (See reference [link to reference] for details.) Figure 9 .

[0131] In step S170, the second electrode layer 15 formed is cut at the position corresponding to the second trench 61, so that the second electrode layer 15 at the top of the first trench 60 of two adjacent sub-cells 1 are connected, thus realizing the series connection between each sub-cell 1.

[0132] This design allows for effective and stable series connection of each battery cell 10.

[0133] According to some embodiments of this application, this application provides a photovoltaic device, which includes a solar cell module 100 as described above.

[0134] According to some embodiments of this application, this application provides an electrical device, which includes the solar cell module 100 of any of the above.

[0135] According to some embodiments of this application, this application provides a power generation device, which includes a solar cell module 100 as described above.

[0136] A photovoltaic (PV) power generation system is a system that directly converts solar radiation energy into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect. It is divided into stand-alone PV systems and grid-connected PV systems. A stand-alone PV system consists of a solar photovoltaic array composed of photovoltaic modules, a battery bank, a charging controller, a power electronic converter (inverter 200), and loads. A grid-connected PV system consists of a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC / DC boost circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter 200), and a system monitoring section.

[0137] According to some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 This application provides a solar cell module 100 and its fabrication method. The solar cell module 100 includes a substrate 20, a current collector 30, and at least two cell units 10 sequentially distributed along a predetermined direction X. Each cell unit 10 includes sub-cells 1 connected in series. Each sub-cell 1 includes one of a first electrode layer 11, an electron transport layer 14, and a hole transport layer 12, stacked sequentially, a light-absorbing layer 13, the other of the electron transport layer 14 and hole transport layer 12, and a second electrode layer 15. In the same cell unit 10, each sub-cell 1 alternates between nip-type and pin-type along the predetermined direction X. Simultaneously, the first polarity terminal 16 and the second polarity terminal 17 of each cell unit 10 are located on the side of the sub-cell 1 facing away from the substrate 20, thereby concentrating the current collector 30 on the side facing away from the substrate 20, reducing shading, and thus reducing the dead zone area. Meanwhile, the busbar assembly 30 includes a first busbar component 31 and a second busbar component 32. The first busbar component 31 is connected to each first polarity terminal 16, and the second busbar component 32 is connected to each second polarity terminal 17 to realize the series and parallel connection of the components, reduce the open circuit voltage of a single component, facilitate the increase of the number of components that can be connected to the inverter 200 of the same specification, and help reduce the system cost.

[0138] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0139] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that, The solar cell module includes: Base (20); At least two battery cells (10) are sequentially disposed on the surface of the substrate (20) along a preset direction (X). Each battery cell (10) has a first polarity end (16) and a second polarity end (17) with opposite polarities at both ends along the preset direction (X). The preset direction (X) intersects the thickness direction (Y) of the substrate (20). The busbar assembly (30) includes a first busbar component (31) and a second busbar component (32), wherein the first busbar component (31) is connected to the first polarity terminal (16) of each of the battery cells (10), and the second busbar component (32) is connected to the second polarity terminal (17) of each of the battery cells (10).

2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the battery cells (10) includes a plurality of sub-cells (1) connected in series along the preset direction (X). In each of the battery cells (10), one of the sub-cells (1) located at both ends along the preset direction (X) has a first polarity end (16) and the other has a second polarity end (17).

3. The solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized in that, In each of the battery cells (10), the first polar end (16) and the second polar end (17) are located on the side of their respective sub-cells (1) facing away from the substrate (20), and the substrate (20) is constructed as a transparent structure.

4. The solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that, In two adjacent battery cells (10), the two sub-cells (1) having the first polarity end (16) or the second polarity end (17) are adjacent to each other, and the two first polarity ends (16) or the two second polarity ends (17) are connected to each other.

5. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, Each of the sub-cells (1) includes a first electrode layer (11), a light-absorbing layer (13), and a second electrode layer (15) stacked along the thickness direction (Y) of the substrate (20). The first electrode layer (11) is disposed on the substrate (20). The first electrode layer (11) and the second electrode layer (15) between each of the sub-cells (1) are configured to be connected in series and located in the sub-cells (1) at both ends along a preset direction (X). The first electrode layer (11) of one has a first polar end (16), and the second electrode layer (15) of the other has a second polar end (17). Among them, one of an electron transport layer (14) and a hole transport layer (12) is provided between the light-absorbing layer (13) and the first electrode layer (11), and the other of an electron transport layer (14) and a hole transport layer (12) is provided between the light-absorbing layer (13) and the second electrode layer (15).

6. The solar cell module according to claim 5, characterized in that, In each of the two adjacent sub-cells (1) of the battery cell (10), one of the light-absorbing layers (13) has the hole transport layer (12) on the side facing the substrate (20) and the electron transport layer (14) on the side facing away from the substrate (20); the other light-absorbing layer (13) has the electron transport layer (14) on the side facing the substrate (20) and the hole transport layer (12) on the side facing away from the substrate (20). Each of the first electrode layers (11) and each of the second electrode layers (15) are sequentially and alternately connected along the preset direction (X). In two adjacent sub-cells (1), one of the two first electrode layers (11) and the two second electrode layers (15) are connected while the other is separated.

7. The solar cell module according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the two sub-cells (1) of the two adjacent battery cells (10), the electron transport layer (14) and the hole transport layer (12) are arranged in the same order on both sides of the light-absorbing layer (13), and the two second electrode layers (15) facing away from the light-absorbing layer (13) are either the first polar end (16) or the second polar end (17).

8. The solar cell module according to claim 6, characterized in that, Each of the battery cells (10) includes an insulator (40) which is disposed between two adjacent light-absorbing layers (13). One end of the insulator (40) is disposed between two adjacent first electrode layers (11) or second electrode layers (15). Among the two adjacent insulators (40), one is disposed between two adjacent first electrode layers (11) and the other is disposed between two adjacent second electrode layers (15).

9. The solar cell module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The light-absorbing layer (13) is a perovskite layer.

10. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The first busbar component (31) includes a first connecting part (312) and a plurality of first draining parts (311). Each first polar end (16) is attached with a first draining part (311), and each first draining part (311) is connected through the first connecting part (312).

11. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The second junction component (32) includes a second connecting part (322) and a plurality of second draining parts (321). Each second polar end (17) is attached with a second draining part (321), and each second draining part (321) is connected through the second connecting part (322).

12. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The busbar assembly (30) further includes an insulating layer (50) disposed on one side of the first busbar component (31) and / or the second busbar component (32) facing the battery cell (10).

13. A method for preparing a solar cell module, used to prepare the solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: A plurality of battery cells (10) are sequentially formed on a substrate (20) along a preset direction (X), wherein each battery cell (10) includes a plurality of sub-cells (1) connected in series along the preset direction (X). In each battery cell (10), one of the sub-cells (1) located at both ends along the preset direction (X) has a first polarity end (16) and the other has a second polarity end (17). The preset direction (X) intersects with the thickness direction (Y) of the substrate (20). The first busbar component (31) and the second busbar component (32) are respectively attached to the first polar end (16) and the second polar end (17) of each of the battery cells (10).

14. The method for preparing a solar cell module according to claim 13, characterized in that, The steps of sequentially forming a plurality of battery cells (10) on the substrate (20) along a predetermined direction (X) include: A first electrode layer (11) is formed on the substrate (20); In each unit region of the first electrode layer (11), a hole transport layer (12) and an electron transport layer (14) are alternately formed along a preset direction (X), and the ends of two adjacent unit regions that are close to each other are either the hole transport layer (12) or the electron transport layer (14). The first electrode layer (11) has a plurality of unit regions that are sequentially distributed along the preset direction (X). The unit region is the region formed by the projection of each battery cell (10) onto the first electrode layer (11). A light-absorbing layer (13) is formed on the side of the hole transport layer (12) and the electron transport layer (14) opposite to the first electrode layer (11); The electron transport layer (14) and the hole transport layer (12) are alternately formed on the light-absorbing layer (13), and the two surfaces of the light-absorbing layer (13) along the thickness direction (Y) of the substrate (20) are the hole transport layer (12) and the electron transport layer (14) respectively. Draw lines between the hole transport layer (12) and the electron transport layer (14) to form a first trench (60) and a second trench (61) that are alternately distributed along the preset direction (X), wherein the first trench (60) penetrates the first electrode layer (11) and the second trench (61) does not penetrate the first electrode layer (11); Insulators (40) are filled into each of the first trench (60) and the second trench (61); A second electrode layer (15) is formed on the side of the hole transport layer (12) and the electron transport layer (14) opposite to the light-absorbing layer (13), and a line is drawn on the second electrode layer (15) at the position corresponding to the second trench (61), so that a plurality of sub-cells (1) connected in series are formed in each of the unit regions.

15. A photovoltaic device, characterized in that, The photovoltaic device includes the solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-12.

16. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical device includes the solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-12.

17. A power generation device, characterized in that, The power generation device includes a solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-12.

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