Polypropylene composition containing reworked material for automotive exterior applications

Abstract

The present invention relates to a polypropylene composition (PC), which is a hybrid plastic polypropylene blend containing recycled materials and comprises inclusions belonging to automotive coatings, and to an article comprising said polypropylene composition (PC).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a polypropylene composition (PC), which is a blend of plastic polypropylene containing recycled material and including inclusions belonging to automotive coatings. The invention also relates to articles comprising said polypropylene composition (PC). Background Technology

[0002] Compositions suitable for the automotive industry typically contain one or more heterogeneous polypropylene copolymers and / or random heterogeneous copolymers, and often also contain some inorganic fillers.

[0003] Two major trends exist in the automotive industry:

[0004] - Lightweight design requires thin-walled structures and keeps the level of mineral reinforcement materials low.

[0005] - When using industrial or even post-consumer recycled materials with low MFR and limited impact strength, additional components need to be added to the final composition to enhance its performance.

[0006] For external applications in the automotive industry, materials need to possess good flowability, coatability, surface appearance, three-dimensional stability, and balanced mechanical properties in terms of stiffness and toughness. In recent years, to meet specific requirements, the market demand for blends of recycled polyolefins and virgin polymers has been growing.

[0007] However, there is a strong desire to allow the dumping and reuse of post-consumer recycled polyolefins in final products without causing health and safety hazards.

[0008] PCT / EP2024 / 055661 discloses a polypropylene composition using up to 30.0 wt% of a recycled blend derived from post-consumer waste. This composition exhibits a good balance of mechanical properties and achieves excellent surface properties, making it particularly suitable for automotive exterior applications. The polypropylene composition comprises up to 20.0 wt% of inorganic filler and up to 10.0 wt% of ethylene-1-octene elastomer.

[0009] Surprisingly, when a blend of recycled materials derived from post-consumer waste is replaced with a blend of recycled materials derived from very specific sources (preferably recycled materials from end-of-life vehicles (ELVs)), a similar performance balance to that in PCT / EP2024 / 055661 can be achieved with a higher weight content of recycled materials derived from very specific sources (preferably recycled materials from ELVs) and a lower content of virgin inorganic fillers and virgin ethylene-1-octene elastomer. The composition also exhibits comparable or slightly better three-dimensional stability and impact properties, especially at low temperatures.

[0010] Therefore, the present invention is based on the following surprising discovery: providing a polypropylene composition having a high weight content of recycled blend and a low content of virgin inorganic filler and virgin ethylene-1-octene elastomer, exhibiting a good balance of performance in terms of mechanical properties, impact properties (especially at low temperatures) and excellent three-dimensional stability.

[0011] Therefore, the polypropylene composition according to the invention is particularly suitable for automotive exterior applications. Summary of the Invention

[0012] Therefore, in a first aspect, the present invention most broadly relates to a polypropylene composition (PC) suitable for automotive exterior applications, wherein the polypropylene composition (PC) comprises inclusions belonging to automotive coatings, said inclusions being measured on a compressed film with a thickness of 35 to 70 µm, said inclusions being identified by optical microscopy, said inclusions being characterized by infrared spectroscopy, and said inclusions being characterized by computed tomography; and

[0013] The puncture energy of the polypropylene composition, as determined by instrumental puncture testing on 3 mm thick injection-molded specimens at -30°C according to ISO 6603-2:2000, is 5.0 to 50.0 J.

[0014] The polymer portion of the polypropylene composition (PC) comprises:

[0015] i. According to the crystallization extraction method (CRYSTEX), through quantitative... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 10.0 to 30.0 wt%.

[0016] ii. The soluble fraction (SF) content, determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX), is 20.0 to 50.0 wt%;

[0017] The soluble fraction (SF) has an intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of 2.00 to 3.60 dL / g as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1; and

[0018] The soluble fraction (SF) is obtained through quantitative analysis. 13 The ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 20.0 to 50.0 wt%.

[0019] iii. The content of the crystalline fraction (CF), determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX), is 50.0 to 80.0 wt%, and

[0020] The crystal fraction (CF) is obtained through quantitative analysis. 13 The ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 5.0 to 20.0 wt%;

[0021] The soluble fraction (SF) content and the crystalline fraction (CF) content are both expressed as weight percentages (wt%) relative to the total weight of the polymer portion of the polypropylene composition (PC).

[0022] Preferably, the polypropylene composition (PC) can be obtained by mixing at least components a) to f):

[0023] a) 5.0 to 60.0 wt% of a first heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), wherein the first heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) is obtained by quantitatively... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 8.1 to 20.0 wt%;

[0024] b) 1.0 to 15.0 wt% of a second heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), wherein the second heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) is obtained by quantitatively... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 3.0 to 8.0 wt%.

[0025] c) 7.5 to 85.0 wt% of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) comprising inclusions belonging to automotive coatings, the inclusions being measured on a compressed film with a thickness of 35 to 70 µm, the inclusions being identified by optical microscopy, the chemical composition of the inclusions being characterized by infrared spectroscopy, and the physical information of the inclusions being characterized by computed tomography.

[0026] d) 0 to 12.5 wt% ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC);

[0027] e) 0 to 25.0 wt% inorganic filler (F);

[0028] f) 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of other additives (A),

[0029] The total content of components a) to f) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC) is at least 95 wt%, more preferably at least 98 wt%, and most preferably 100 wt%.

[0030] In another aspect, the present invention relates to an article, preferably an injection-molded article, comprising the polypropylene composition described in the first aspect, wherein the content is at least 95 wt%, more preferably at least 98 wt%, and most preferably at least 99 wt%. Detailed Implementation

[0031] definition

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. While any methods and materials similar to or equivalent to those described herein may be used in practice to test the invention, preferred materials and methods are described herein. In describing and claiming protection for this invention, the following terms will be used according to the definitions below.

[0033] Unless otherwise expressly stated, the terms “a”, “an”, etc., refer to one or more.

[0034] Unless otherwise stated, all contents are expressed as a percentage by weight (wt%).

[0035] Propylene homopolymer is a polymer mainly composed of propylene monomer units. Due to the presence of impurities, especially during commercial polymerization, propylene homopolymer may contain up to 0.1 mol% of comonomer units, preferably up to 0.05 mol% of comonomer units, and most preferably up to 0.01 mol% of comonomer units.

[0036] Propylene copolymers are copolymers composed of propylene monomer units and comonomer units (preferably selected from ethylene and C4-C8 α-olefins). Propylene random copolymers are propylene copolymers in which comonomer units are randomly distributed along the polymer chain, while propylene block copolymers contain both propylene monomer unit blocks and comonomer unit blocks. Propylene random copolymers may contain comonomer units from one or more comonomers with different numbers of carbon atoms.

[0037] Heterogeneous propylene copolymers typically contain:

[0038] a) A crystalline propylene homopolymer or copolymer matrix (M); and

[0039] b) Elastomer rubber, preferably propylene-ethylene copolymer (E);

[0040] For random heterogeneous propylene copolymers, the crystalline matrix phase is a random copolymer of propylene and at least one α-olefin comonomer.

[0041] The elastomeric phase can be a propylene copolymer with a high comonomer content. The comonomers are not randomly distributed throughout the polymer chains, but rather distributed in both comonomer-rich block structures and propylene-rich block structures. The difference between heterogeneous polypropylene and single-phase propylene copolymers is that heterogeneous polypropylene exhibits two distinct glass transition temperatures (Tg) attributed to the matrix phase and the elastomeric phase, respectively.

[0042] The presence of heterogeneous properties can be easily determined by the number of glass transition points, for example by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and / or high-resolution microscopy, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), or atomic force microscopy (AFM).

[0043] Polypropylene is a polymer composed of propylene-derived units with a content of more than 50 mol%.

[0044] Polyethylene is a polymer composed of ethylene-derived units with a content of more than 50 mol%.

[0045] The term "elastomer" refers to a natural or synthetic polymer that possesses elasticity. The term "plasticizer" refers to a natural or synthetic polymer that combines the properties of an elastomer and a plastic, such as combining the elasticity of rubber with the processability of plastics. Vinyl plastomers are plastomers composed of ethylene-derived units in a content exceeding 50 mol%.

[0046] For the purposes of this specification and the following claims, the term "recycled waste" refers only to materials recovered from post-consumer waste, and not to virgin polymers or materials recovered from post-industrial waste. Post-consumer waste refers to articles that have completed at least one use cycle (or life cycle), i.e., have completed their first use; while post-industrial waste refers to production waste that typically does not ultimately reach consumers. The term "recycled waste" specifically refers to mixed plastic waste collected from end-of-life vehicles (ELVs), particularly plastic waste collected from ELV bumpers.

[0047] The term "virgin" refers to newly manufactured materials and / or articles that have not yet been recycled before their first use. Unless otherwise specified, a polymer or filler is referred to as a "virgin" polymer or "virgin" filler.

[0048] The term “recycled material” as used in this article refers to materials made from “recycled waste” through reprocessing.

[0049] Polymer blends are mixtures of two or more polymer components. Typically, blends are prepared by mixing two or more polymer components. Suitable mixing methods known in the art are post-polymerization blending methods. Post-polymerization blending can be a dry blending of polymer components (e.g., polymer powders and / or composite polymer particles) or a melt blending of polymer components.

[0050] A mixed plastic polypropylene blend refers to a blend that primarily comprises polypropylene but also contains small amounts of other plastics. This invention preferably uses mixed plastic polypropylene blends derived from very specific post-consumer waste, characterized by the presence of inclusions belonging to automotive coatings, preferably derived from post-consumer waste from end-of-life vehicles (ELVs), and more preferably from ELV bumpers. The presence of such mixed plastic polypropylene blends in a polypropylene composition can be identified by recognizing inclusions belonging to automotive coatings in the polypropylene composition (e.g., by infrared spectroscopy).

[0051] The term "inclusions attributable to automotive coatings" refers to particles containing chemical components derived from automotive coatings, such as styrene-based, polyurethane-based, and / or acrylic-based components. These components in polypropylene compositions typically originate from coating residues in the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) contained within the polypropylene composition. These inclusions are usually identified by optical microscopy on compressed films of polypropylene compositions and their chemical composition and physical properties are used to determine whether they are "inclusions attributable to automotive coatings." The chemical composition of these inclusions can be determined by infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectra show characteristic bands attributable to styrene-based and / or polyurethane-based and / or acrylic-based components, for example: 700 cm⁻¹. -1 and 760 cm -1 The band at 3380 cm⁻¹ indicates styrene modification; -1 The band at 1700 cm⁻¹ indicates the OH and NH stretching vibrations of acrylates or carbamates; and / or 1700 cm⁻¹ -1The bands at the specified locations indicate the C=O stretching vibrations of acrylates or urethanes. The shape and other physical information of the particles can be characterized by computed tomography. These inclusions typically exhibit a flaky, three-dimensional shape with sharp edges, often possessing a multilayered structure, and have a gray value at least 50% higher than the average gray value of the surrounding polypropylene composition, thus distinguishing them from other inclusions (e.g., pigment or talc particles). Pigment or talc particles have a more rounded three-dimensional shape with smooth edges, or their gray value is below a threshold of at least 50% higher than the average gray value of the surrounding polypropylene composition. Measurement methods are described in the Examples section. The inclusions specifically refer to post-consumer waste from very specific sources, such as post-consumer waste from end-of-life vehicles (ELVs), more preferably post-consumer waste from ELV bumpers, which are not present in other types of post-consumer waste (e.g., household waste).

[0052] The present invention will now be described in more detail.

[0053] Polypropylene (PC) composition

[0054] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a polypropylene composition (PC), which is a blend of mixed plastic polypropylene.

[0055] The polypropylene (PC) composition is characterized by the presence of inclusions that are typically associated with automotive coatings. In the Examples section, these inclusions are measured on compressed films with a thickness of 35 to 70 µm, wherein the inclusions are identified by optical microscopy, their chemical composition is characterized by infrared spectroscopy, and their physical information is characterized by computed tomography.

[0056] Furthermore, according to ISO 6603-2:2000, when performing an instrumented puncture test on a 3 mm thick injection-molded specimen at -30°C, the puncture energy of the polypropylene composition (PC) at -30°C is 5.0 to 50.0 J, preferably 6.5 to 45.0 J, more preferably 7.5 to 40.0 J, even more preferably 7.5 to 37.5 J, even more preferably 7.5 to 35.0 J, and most preferably 7.5 to 32.5 J.

[0057] The total content of inorganic fillers in the polypropylene composition (PC) is preferably 0.5 to 30.0 wt% relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), more preferably 0.5 to 27.5 wt%, and even more preferably 0.6 to 25.0 wt%.

[0058] The inorganic filler is preferably derived at least in part from the inorganic filler present in the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B). In addition to the inorganic filler present in the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B), an inorganic filler (F) may also be added to the polypropylene composition (PC), which is typically a virgin inorganic filler.

[0059] The inorganic filler is preferably selected from talc, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, mica, and mixtures thereof.

[0060] The most preferred inorganic filler is talc.

[0061] Because the sources of inorganic fillers may differ, a mixture of different inorganic fillers (such as a mixture of talc) with different particle sizes and aspect ratios may be present in a polypropylene composition (PC).

[0062] Furthermore, polypropylene compositions (PC) typically have a low limonene content, determined by solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Generally, the limonene content in polypropylene compositions is below 0.1 ppm. In some embodiments, the limonene content is even below the detection limit of the HS-SPME-GC-MS method. In these embodiments, the low limonene content is due to the use of blended plastic polypropylene blends (B), which themselves contain only trace amounts of limonene because they are not derived from post-consumer household waste.

[0063] However, in some embodiments, the blended plastic polypropylene blend (B) comprises recycled blends, typically up to 50 wt% of the total amount of the blended plastic polypropylene blend (B), which are derived from post-consumer household waste during their previous life cycle. In said embodiments, the polypropylene composition (PC) may contain limonene, with a content not exceeding 5.0 ppm as determined by solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS), for example, between 0.05 and 5.0 ppm.

[0064] The melt flow rate (MFR2) of the polypropylene composition (PC) as determined according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg is preferably 5.0 to 50.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 6.5 to 35.0 g / 10 min, and most preferably 7.5 to 25.0 g / 10 min.

[0065] Furthermore, the flexural modulus of the polypropylene composition (PC) measured on injection-molded samples according to ISO 178 is preferably 900 to 2500 MPa, more preferably 1000 to 2300 MPa, and most preferably 1000 to 2250 MPa.

[0066] The Charpy notched impact strength of the polypropylene composition (PC), measured at 23°C on injection-molded samples according to ISO 179, is preferably from 30.0 to 100.0 kJ / m. 2 More preferably, it is 35.0 to 85.0 kJ / m 2 The optimal value is 40.0 to 75.0 kJ / m 2 .

[0067] The Charpy notched impact strength of the polypropylene composition (PC), measured according to ISO 179 on injection-molded samples at -20°C, is preferably from 3.0 to 15.0 kJ / m. 2 More preferably, it is 4.0 to 12.5 kJ / m 2 The optimal value is 4.0 to 10.0 kJ / m³. 2 .

[0068] Furthermore, the melting temperature Tm of the polypropylene composition (PC) determined by GPC is preferably 160 to 175°C, more preferably 162 to 172°C, and even more preferably 164 to 170°C.

[0069] The polymer fraction of a polypropylene (PC) composition can be characterized using crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) with trichlorobenzene (TCB) as the solvent. This method is described in the determination method section below. The crystalline fraction (CF) mainly contains the matrix phase and a small amount of the elastomer phase; the soluble fraction (SF) mainly contains the elastomer phase and a small amount of the matrix phase. In some cases, this method can provide more useful data because the crystalline fraction (CF) and the soluble fraction (SF) more accurately reflect the matrix phase and the elastomer phase, respectively. Due to the different separation methods used in xylene extraction and crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX), the properties of the XCS / XCI fraction and the crystalline / soluble (CF / SF) fraction are not entirely the same, which means that the content and properties of the matrix phase and the elastomer phase may differ.

[0070] Typically, the content of the crystalline fraction (CF) and soluble fraction (SF) of a composition is only related to its polymeric components, i.e., excluding other insoluble portions, such as inorganic fillers, which do not participate in the dissolution and crystallization cycles in the determination methods described below.

[0071] Therefore, the contents of both the crystalline fraction (CF) and the soluble fraction (SF) are based on the weight of the polymer component in the polypropylene composition (PC).

[0072] The polymer portion of the polypropylene composition (PC) has a soluble fraction (SF) content of 20.0 to 50.0 wt%, more preferably 21.0 to 45.0 wt%, and most preferably 22.5 to 40.0 wt%, as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis.

[0073] Soluble fraction (SF) is obtained through quantitative analysis. 13 The ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is 20.0 to 60.0 wt%, preferably 22.5 to 55.0 wt%, more preferably 24.0 to 50.0 wt%, and most preferably 25.0 to 48.0 wt%.

[0074] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction (SF) as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 is 2.00 to 3.60 dL / g, more preferably 2.10 to 3.30 dL / g, and most preferably 2.20 to 3.00 dL / g.

[0075] The polymer portion of the polypropylene composition (PC) has a crystallization fraction (CF) content of 50.0 to 80.0 wt%, more preferably 55.0 to 79.0 wt%, and most preferably 60.0 to 78.0 wt%, as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis.

[0076] Crystallization fraction (CF) is obtained through quantitative analysis. 13 The ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is 1.0 to 20.0 wt%, preferably 2.0 to 18.5 wt%, more preferably 3.0 to 17.5 wt%, and most preferably 4.0 to 17.0 wt%.

[0077] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystal fraction (CF) as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 is preferably 1.00 to 2.50 dL / g, more preferably 1.20 to 2.30 dL / g, and most preferably 1.30 to 2.10 dL / g.

[0078] The intrinsic viscosity ratio (iV(SF) / iV(CF)) of the soluble fraction and the crystalline fraction, as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is preferably from 1.00 to 3.00, more preferably from 1.25 to 2.50, and even more preferably from 1.35 to 2.00.

[0079] Soluble fractions and crystalline fractions were obtained through quantitative analysis. 13 The ratio of ethylene content (C2(SF) / C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is preferably 1.5 to 10.0, more preferably 1.7 to 7.5, and even more preferably 2.0 to 7.0.

[0080] Furthermore, the polymer portion of the polypropylene composition (PC) is obtained by quantitative extraction according to the crystallization extraction method (CRYSTEX). 13The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is 10.0 to 30.0 wt%, more preferably 12.0 to 27.5 wt%, and even more preferably 13.0 to 25.0 wt%.

[0081] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(total)) of the polymer portion of the polypropylene composition (PC), as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is preferably 1.00 to 2.50 dL / g, more preferably 1.25 to 2.40 dL / g, and even more preferably 1.50 to 2.20 dL / g.

[0082] The isotropic area shrinkage of the polypropylene composition (PC) measured on the injection-molded sample is not more than 1.50%, more preferably not more than 1.25%, even more preferably not more than 1.15%, and most preferably not more than 1.10%.

[0083] The lower limit for isotropic area shrinkage measured on injection-molded samples is typically at least 0.25%, preferably 0.50%.

[0084] Furthermore, the average linear coefficient of thermal expansion (average CLTE 23-80°C) of the polypropylene composition (PC) measured at a heating rate of 1°C / min in the temperature range of +23 to +80°C is preferably less than 150 µm / m°C, for example not more than 140 µm / m°C, more preferably not more than 120 µm / m°C, even more preferably not more than 114 µm / m°C, and most preferably not more than 113 µm / m°C.

[0085] The lower limit of the average CLTE 23-80°C is typically at least 70 µm / m°C, preferably at least 75 µm / m°C.

[0086] The average CLTE 23-80℃ can be the arithmetic mean of CLTE 23-80℃ (MD) and CLTE 23-80℃ (TD).

[0087] Furthermore, the average linear coefficient of thermal expansion (average CLTE -30-80°C) of the polypropylene composition (PC) measured at a heating rate (TD) of 1°C / min in the temperature range of -30 to +80°C is preferably less than 120 µm / m°C, for example not more than 115 µm / m°C, more preferably not more than 95 µm / m°C, even more preferably not more than 91 µm / m°C, and most preferably not more than 90 µm / m°C.

[0088] The lower limit of the average CLTE temperature range of -30 to 80°C is typically at least 55 µm / m°C, and preferably at least 60 µm / m°C.

[0089] The average CLTE -30-80℃ can be the arithmetic mean of CLTE -30-80℃ (MD) and CLTE -30-80℃ (TD).

[0090] The linear coefficient of thermal expansion is typically determined on a 10 mm long specimen, taken from an 80 × 10 × 4 mm specimen prepared according to ISO 19069-2. 3 The center position of the injection-molded rod-shaped specimen.

[0091] Alternatively, the average CLTE 23-80°C and average CLTE -30-80°C can be determined by cutting a sample of the appropriate size from an injection-molded product (e.g., an injection-molded automotive product) and using the arithmetic mean of the linear thermal expansion coefficients of the sample measured in two orthogonal directions.

[0092] The polypropylene composition (PC) preferably comprises:

[0093] a) 7.5 to 75.0 wt%, preferably 10.0 to 72.5 wt%, more preferably 20.0 to 72.0 wt%, and even more preferably 30.0 to 71.5 wt% of heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO);

[0094] b) 7.5 to 85.0 wt%, preferably 9.0 to 82.5 wt%, more preferably 10.0 to 50.0 wt%, and even more preferably 15.0 to 45.0 wt% of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B), said mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) containing inclusions belonging to automotive coatings.

[0095] c) 0 to 12.5 wt%, preferably 0 to 11.5 wt%, more preferably 0 to 10.0 wt%, and even more preferably 0 to 7.5 wt% of ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC);

[0096] d) An inorganic filler comprising 0.5 to 30.0 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 27.5 wt%, more preferably 1.0 to 25.0 wt%, and even more preferably 2.0 to 20.0 wt% in total; and

[0097] e) 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of other additives (A),

[0098] The total content of components a) to e) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC) is at least 95 wt%, more preferably at least 98 wt%, and most preferably 100 wt%.

[0099] These components can typically be analyzed from the resulting polypropylene (PC) composition.

[0100] The polypropylene composition (PC) preferably comprises:

[0101] i. A heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer comprising 40.0 to 75.0 wt%, preferably 45.0 to 72.5 wt% in total;

[0102] ii. A vinyl elastomer comprising 15.0 to 32.5 wt%, preferably 20.0 to 30.0 wt% in total;

[0103] iii. An inorganic filler comprising 0.5 to 30.0 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 27.5 wt% in total; and

[0104] iv. 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of other additives (A),

[0105] The total content of components i to iv is at least 95 wt%, more preferably at least 98 wt%, and most preferably 100 wt%, relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC).

[0106] Components i to iii are preferably derived from virgin polymers and inorganic fillers, or polymers and inorganic fillers added in the form of mixed plastic blends, such as mixed plastic polypropylene blends (B).

[0107] These components can typically be analyzed from the resulting polypropylene (PC) composition.

[0108] Vinyl elastomers are preferably copolymers of ethylene and comonomers selected from α-olefins having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Vinyl elastomers can also be mixtures of copolymers of ethylene and different comonomers selected from α-olefins having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0109] The polypropylene composition (PC) is preferably obtained by mixing at least components a) to f):

[0110] a) 5.0 to 60.0 wt% of a first heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), wherein the first heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) is obtained by quantitatively... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 8.1 to 20.0 wt%;

[0111] b) 1.0 to 15.0 wt% of a second heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), wherein the second heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) is obtained by quantitatively... 13The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 3.0 to 8.0 wt%.

[0112] c) 7.5 to 85.0 wt% of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), said mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) containing inclusions belonging to automotive coatings;

[0113] d) 0 to 12.5 wt% ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC);

[0114] e) 0 to 25.0 wt% inorganic filler (F);

[0115] f) 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of other additives (A).

[0116] The following sections describe the properties of each component.

[0117] The total content of components a) to f) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC) is at least 95 wt%, more preferably at least 98 wt%, and more preferably 100 wt%.

[0118] More preferably, the polypropylene composition (PC) can be obtained by mixing at least components a) to f):

[0119] a) 7.5 to 58.5 wt% of a first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), wherein the first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) is obtained by quantitatively... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 8.1 to 20.0 wt%;

[0120] b) 1.5 to 14.0 wt% of a second heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), wherein the second heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) is obtained by quantitatively... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 3.0 to 8.0 wt%;

[0121] c) 9.0 to 82.5 wt% of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), said mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) containing inclusions belonging to automotive coatings;

[0122] d) 0 to 11.5 wt% ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC);

[0123] e) 0 to 25.0 wt% inorganic filler (F).

[0124] f) 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of other additives (A).

[0125] More preferably, the polypropylene composition (PC) can be obtained by mixing at least components a) to f):

[0126] a) 15.0 to 58.5 wt% of a first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), wherein the first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) is obtained by quantitatively... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 8.1 to 20.0 wt%;

[0127] b) 5.0 to 14.0 wt% of a second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), wherein the second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) is obtained by quantitatively... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 3.0 to 8.0 wt%.

[0128] c) 10.0 to 50.0 wt% of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), said mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) containing inclusions belonging to automotive coatings;

[0129] d) 0 to 10.0 wt% ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC);

[0130] e) 0 to 22.5 wt% inorganic filler (F);

[0131] f) 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of other additives (A).

[0132] Even more preferably, the polypropylene composition (PC) can be obtained by mixing at least components a) to f):

[0133] a) 25.0 to 58.5 wt% of a first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), wherein the first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) is obtained by quantitatively... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 8.1 to 20.0 wt%;

[0134] b) 5.0 to 14.0 wt% of a second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), wherein the second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) is obtained by quantitatively... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 3.0 to 8.0 wt%.

[0135] c) 15.0 to 45.0 wt% of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), said mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) containing inclusions belonging to automotive coatings;

[0136] d) 0 to 7.5 wt% ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC);

[0137] e) 0 to 20.0 wt% inorganic filler (F);

[0138] f) 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of other additives (A).

[0139] The blending of polypropylene (PC) compositions can be carried out according to a method comprising the following steps:

[0140] a) Provides a first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), a second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B), an optional ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC), an optional inorganic filler (F), and other additives (A).

[0141] b) In an extruder (preferably a twin-screw extruder), at a temperature of 120 to 250°C, a first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), a second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B), an optional ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC), an optional inorganic filler (F), and other additives (A) are blended and extruded to produce a polypropylene composition (PC), preferably in granular form.

[0142] Specifically, conventional mixing or blending equipment is preferred, such as a Banbury mixer, a twin-roll open mill, a Buss blending kneader, or a twin-screw extruder. More preferably, mixing is carried out in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The polymer material recovered from the extruder is typically in granular form.

[0143] First heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1)

[0144] The first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) is preferably provided in an amount of 5.0 to 60.0 wt%, more preferably 7.5 to 58.5 wt%, relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC).

[0145] The melt flow rate (MFR2) of the first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) as determined according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg is preferably 1.0 to 50 g / 10 min, more preferably 3.0 to 30 g / 10 min, and most preferably 5.0 to 20 g / 10 min.

[0146] The first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) was obtained by quantitative extraction using the crystallization extraction method (CRYSTEX). 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is preferably 8.1 to 20.0 wt%, more preferably 10.0 to 18.0 wt%, and most preferably 13.0 to 17.0 wt%.

[0147] The soluble fraction (SF) content of the first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, is preferably 20.0 to 40.0 wt%, more preferably 25.0 to 37.0 wt%, and most preferably 29.0 to 35.0 wt%.

[0148] The soluble fractions of the first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) were analyzed by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) through quantitative analysis. 13 The ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is preferably 25.0 to 45.0 wt%, more preferably 30.0 to 42.0 wt%, and most preferably 35.0 to 40.0 wt%.

[0149] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction of the first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is 2.00 to 4.00 dL / g, more preferably 2.60 to 3.80 dL / g, and most preferably 3.20 to 3.60 dL / g.

[0150] The first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) preferably has a crystallization fraction (CF) content of 60.0 to 80.0 wt%, more preferably 63.0 to 75.0 wt%, and most preferably 65.0 to 71.0 wt%, as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis.

[0151] The crystallization fractions of the first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) were determined by quantitative analysis using the crystallization extraction method (CRYSTEX). 13 The ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is preferably 1.0 to 8.0 wt%, more preferably 2.0 to 7.0 wt%, and most preferably 4.0 to 6.0 wt%.

[0152] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1), as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is 1.10 to 2.00 dL / g, more preferably 1.20 to 1.80 dL / g, and most preferably 1.30 to 1.60 dL / g.

[0153] Furthermore, the intrinsic viscosity ratio (iV(SF) / iV(CF)) of the soluble fraction and the crystalline fraction, as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is preferably 1.20 to 4.00, more preferably 1.50 to 3.00, and most preferably 2.00 to 2.50.

[0154] Second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2)

[0155] The second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) is preferably provided in an amount of 1.0 to 15.0 wt%, more preferably 1.5 to 14.0 wt%, relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC).

[0156] The melt flow rate (MFR2) of the second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), as determined according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg, is preferably 1.0 to 15 g / 10 min, more preferably 3.0 to 10.0 g / 10 min, and most preferably 5.0 to 8.0 g / 10 min.

[0157] The second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) was obtained by quantitative extraction using the crystallization extraction method (CRYSTEX). 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is 3.0 to 8.0 wt%, more preferably 4.0 to 8.0 wt%, and most preferably 5.0 to 8.0 wt%.

[0158] The soluble fraction (SF) content of the second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, is preferably 10.0 to 30.0 wt%, more preferably 14.0 to 27.0 wt%, and most preferably 18.0 to 24.0 wt%.

[0159] The soluble fractions of the second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) were analyzed by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) through quantitative analysis. 13 The ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is preferably 10.0 to 30.0 wt%, more preferably 15.0 to 27.0 wt%, and most preferably 20.0 to 25.0 wt%.

[0160] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction of the second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is 3.00 to 7.00 dL / g, more preferably 4.00 to 6.00 dL / g, and most preferably 4.50 to 5.50 dL / g.

[0161] The content of crystal fraction (CF) in the second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis is preferably 70.0 to 90.0 wt%, more preferably 73.0 to 86.0 wt%, and most preferably 76.0 to 82.0 wt%.

[0162] The crystallization fractions of the second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) were determined by quantitative analysis using the crystallization extraction method (CRYSTEX). 13 The ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is preferably 0.0 to 5.0 wt%, more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 wt%, and most preferably 1.0 to 3.0 wt%.

[0163] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2), as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is 1.40 to 2.70 dL / g, more preferably 1.60 to 2.40 dL / g, and most preferably 1.80 to 2.10 dL / g.

[0164] Furthermore, the intrinsic viscosity ratio (iV(SF) / iV(CF)) of the soluble fraction and the crystalline fraction, as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is preferably 2.00 to 5.00, more preferably 2.30 to 4.00, and most preferably 2.50 to 3.00.

[0165] Blended plastic polypropylene blend (B)

[0166] The blended plastic polypropylene blend (B) is preferably provided in an amount of 7.5 to 85.0 wt%, more preferably 9.0 to 82.5 wt%, relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC).

[0167] Blended plastic polypropylene blends (B) are recycled materials rich in polypropylene, meaning they contain significantly more polypropylene than polyethylene. For example, polypropylene-rich recycled waste can be obtained from the automotive industry, particularly certain automotive parts such as bumpers, which are sources of high-purity polypropylene material from recycled waste.

[0168] Preferably, the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) is derived from very specific post-consumer waste, more preferably from recycled materials from end-of-life vehicles (ELVs), and even more preferably from crushed bumpers.

[0169] Particularly preferred is that the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) does not originate from post-consumer waste in its final product cycle.

[0170] The blended plastic polypropylene blend (B) is derived from very specific post-consumer waste, preferably from recycled materials from end-of-life vehicles (ELVs), and more preferably from shredded bumpers, and contains up to 50 wt% of the blended plastic polypropylene blend, which originated from post-consumer household waste in the early product cycle. In this embodiment, the polypropylene composition used for the production of industrial applications (e.g., automotive bumpers) is the blended plastic polypropylene blend, as described in PCT / EP2022 / 084506.

[0171] During the recycling process, any reasonable measures are typically taken to reduce / remove any components other than polyethylene and polypropylene, as long as the end application or use requires such measures; however, other components are usually present in small amounts.

[0172] Such components include, for example, inorganic fillers, which may be present in the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) in an amount of 2.5 to 30 wt%, preferably 3.5 to 25 wt%, relative to the total weight of the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B).

[0173] The blended plastic polypropylene blend (B) is characterized by the presence of inclusions belonging to automotive coatings. In the Examples section, these inclusions were measured on compressed films with a thickness of 35 to 70 µm, wherein the inclusions were identified by optical microscopy, the chemical composition of the inclusions was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, and the physical information of the inclusions was characterized by computed tomography.

[0174] Inclusions in automotive coatings are typically particulates containing styrene-based, polyurethane-based, and / or acrylic-based components. They are usually derived from paint residues in blended polypropylene (B) plastics, such as from painted automotive parts like bumpers. In addition to chemical composition, these inclusions can be characterized by their three-dimensional shape, which is typically flaky with sharp edges, may have a multilayered structure, and usually has an average CT grayscale value that is at least 50% higher than the average grayscale value of the surrounding polypropylene composition.

[0175] The limonene content of the blended plastic polypropylene (B), as determined by solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS), is preferably less than 0.1 ppm. In some embodiments, the limonene content is even below the detection limit of the HS-SPME-GC-MS method. The reason for the low limonene content in these embodiments is that the blended plastic polypropylene (B) is not derived from post-consumer household waste, or does not contain any blended plastic polypropylene blends derived from post-consumer household waste in its previous life cycle.

[0176] However, in some embodiments, the blended plastic polypropylene blend (B) includes recycled blends derived from post-consumer household waste during its previous life cycle, typically comprising up to 50 wt% of the total amount of the blended plastic polypropylene blend (B). In these embodiments, the limonene content of the blended plastic polypropylene blend (B), as determined by solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS), can be no more than 10.0 ppm, for example, from 0.1 to 10.0 ppm.

[0177] Other such components include inorganic residues of 0.5 to 10.0 wt% as determined by calcination analysis according to DIN ISO 1172:1996.

[0178] Other components include organic acids and / or organic aldehyde derivatives in amounts of 1 to 100 ppm.

[0179] The melt flow rate (MFR2) of the polypropylene blend (B) as determined according to ISO 1133 at 230°C and 2.16 kg is preferably 5.0 to 30.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 6.0 to 27.5 g / 10 min, and most preferably 7.5 to 25.0 g / 10 min.

[0180] The mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) was subjected to quantitative extraction according to the crystallization extraction method (CRYSTEX). 13The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is preferably 15.0 to 30.0 wt%, more preferably 17.5 to 28.5 wt%, and most preferably 15.0 to 27.5 wt%.

[0181] The soluble fraction (SF) content of the polymer portion of the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B), as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, is preferably 10.0 to 50.0 wt%, more preferably 15.0 to 45.0 wt%, and most preferably 20.0 to 40.0 wt%.

[0182] The polymer fraction (CF) of the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B), as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, is preferably 50.0 to 90.0 wt%, more preferably 55.0 to 85.0 wt%, and most preferably 60.0 to 80.0 wt%.

[0183] The soluble fractions of the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) were analyzed by quantitative methods based on crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX). 13 The ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is preferably 30.0 to 60.0 wt%, more preferably 32.5 to 57.5 wt%, and most preferably 35.0 to 55.0 wt%.

[0184] The crystallization fraction of the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) was analyzed by quantitative crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX). 13 The ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is preferably 5.0 to 25.0 wt%, more preferably 6.5 to 22.5 wt%, and most preferably 7.5 to 20.0 wt%.

[0185] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction of the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B), as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is preferably 1.10 to 2.75 dL / g, more preferably 1.25 to 2.60 dL / g, and most preferably 1.40 to 2.50 dL / g.

[0186] The intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the polypropylene blend (B) as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 is preferably 0.90 to 2.10 dL / g, more preferably 1.00 to 2.00 dL / g, and most preferably 1.10 to 1.90 dL / g.

[0187] The density of the mixed plastic blend (B), as determined according to ISO 1183, is preferably 900 to 1100 kg / m³. 3 .

[0188] In addition, the mixed plastic blend (B) is injection molded according to ISO 19069-2 in an 80×10×4 mm diameter according to ISO 178. 3 The flexural modulus measured by the test bar is preferably 900 to 2200 MPa, more preferably 950 to 2000 MPa.

[0189] More preferably, the Charpy notched impact strength of the mixed plastic blend (B) at 23°C is preferably 10.0 to 70.0 kJ / m. 2 Preferably, it is 15.0 to 60 kJ / m 2 Charpy notched impact strength according to ISO 179, using 80×10×4 mm injection molded according to ISO 19069-2. 3 Test bar measurement.

[0190] Ethylene-octene elastomer (EC)

[0191] Ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC) is an elastic copolymer containing ethylene monomer and 1-octene comonomer.

[0192] The ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC) is preferably provided in an amount of 0 to 12.5 wt%, more preferably 0 to 11.5 wt%, relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC).

[0193] Ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC) is preferably a native polymer compounded with other components.

[0194] Residual ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC) that may be present in the blended plastic polypropylene (B) does not fall under the category of ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC).

[0195] The melt flow rate (MFR2) of the ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC) as determined according to ISO 1133 at 190°C and 2.16 kg is preferably 0.5 to 20 g / 10 min, more preferably 0.7 to 15 g / 10 min, and most preferably 1.0 to 13 g / 10 min.

[0196] In one specific embodiment, the melt flow rate (MFR2) of the ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC), as determined according to ISO 1133 at 190°C and 2.16 kg, is 0.5 to 10.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 0.7 to 5.0 g / 10 min, and most preferably 1.0 to 3.0 g / 10 min.

[0197] The density of ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC), as determined according to ISO 1183-187, is preferably 870 to 900 kg / m³. 3 More preferably 875 to 894 kg / m 3 The optimal value is 880 to 888 kg / m³. 3 .

[0198] Inorganic packing (F)

[0199] The inorganic filler (F) is preferably provided in an amount of 0 to 25.0 wt%, more preferably 0 to 22.5 wt%, relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC).

[0200] Inorganic filler (F) is preferably a native filler that is compounded with other components.

[0201] The residual inorganic fillers that may be present in the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) do not fall under the category of inorganic fillers (F).

[0202] The amount of residual inorganic filler that may be present in the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) and the amount of inorganic filler (F) constitute the total content of inorganic filler in the polypropylene composition (PC).

[0203] Preferably, the inorganic filler is selected from talc, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, mica, and mixtures thereof.

[0204] More preferably, the inorganic filler (F) is talc.

[0205] Preferably, the median particle size (d) of the inorganic filler (F) 50 The micrometer is 1.0 to 15.0 µm, more preferably 2.0 to 10.0 µm, and most preferably 2.5 to 5.0 µm.

[0206] Preferably, the tangential particle size (d) of the inorganic filler (F) 95 The micrometer is 2.0 to 30.0 µm, more preferably 4.0 to 20.0 µm, and most preferably 5.0 to 10.0 µm.

[0207] In a preferred embodiment, the D of the inorganic filler L / D S Median particle size (d) as determined according to ISO 13320-1 (laser method) 50 ) and the median particle size (d) determined according to ISO 13317-3 (sedimentation apparatus method) 50 The ratio is preferably 1.5 to 4.5, more preferably 1.8 to 4.0, and most preferably 2.0 to 3.5.

[0208] In the embodiment described above, the median particle size (d) of the inorganic filler (F) is determined according to ISO 13320-1 (laser method). 50 The preferred thickness is 3.0 to 10.0 µm, more preferably 4.0 to 8.5 µm, and most preferably 4.5 to 7.0 µm.

[0209] In the embodiment described above, the inorganic filler (F) has an upper tangent diameter (d) determined according to ISO 13320-1 (laser method). 95 The preferred thickness is 8.0 to 30.0 µm, more preferably 9.0 to 25.0 µm, and most preferably 10.0 to 20.0 µm.

[0210] In the embodiment described above, the median particle size (d) of the inorganic filler (F) is determined according to ISO 13317-3 (sedimentation apparatus method). 50 The preferred thickness is 1.0 to 3.0 µm, more preferably 1.3 to 2.5 µm, and most preferably 1.5 to 2.0 µm.

[0211] additive

[0212] The amount of other additive (A) is preferably 0.2 to 5.0 wt%. Those skilled in the art can select suitable additives known in the art.

[0213] Additive (A) is preferably selected from pigments, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, anti-scratch agents, release agents, acid removers, lubricants, antistatic agents, and mixtures thereof.

[0214] It should be understood that the content of additive (A) (relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC)) includes any carrier polymer used to introduce the additive into the polypropylene composition (PC), i.e., a masterbatch carrier polymer. An example of such a carrier polymer is powdered polypropylene homopolymer.

[0215] Products

[0216] On the other hand, the present invention relates to an article, preferably an injection-molded article, comprising at least 95 wt%, more preferably at least 98 wt%, and most preferably at least 99 wt% of the above-described or below-described polypropylene composition. In a preferred embodiment, the article (preferably an injection-molded article) is composed of the above-described or below-described polypropylene composition.

[0217] Preferably, the article (preferably an injection-molded article) is an exterior part of an automobile, more preferably selected from bumpers, side trim strips, pedals, body panels and spoilers.

[0218] The isotropic area shrinkage rate of the product (preferably an injection-molded product) is preferably not more than 1.25%, more preferably not more than 1.15%, and even more preferably not more than 1.10%. This isotropic area shrinkage rate is measured on an injection-molded circular fan-shaped plate with a radius of 320 mm, an opening angle of 20°, and a thickness of 2.8 mm.

[0219] The lower limit of the isotropic area shrinkage rate, measured on an injection-molded circular sector plate with a radius of 320 mm, an opening angle of 20°, and a thickness of 2.8 mm, is typically at least 0.25%, preferably 0.50%.

[0220] Furthermore, the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CLTE 23-80℃, MD) of the article (preferably injection-molded article) measured according to ISO 11359-2:1999 in the temperature range of +23 to +80℃ and at a heating rate of 1℃ / min along the machine direction is preferably less than 88 µm / m℃, more preferably not more than 87 µm / m℃, and even more preferably not more than 85 µm / m℃.

[0221] The lower limit of CLTE 23-80℃ (MD) is typically at least 60 µm / m℃, preferably at least 65 µm / m℃.

[0222] Furthermore, the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CLTE 23-80℃, TD) of the article (preferably injection-molded article) measured according to ISO 11359-2:1999 in the transverse (TD) direction at a heating rate of 1℃ / min within a temperature range of +23 to +80℃ is preferably less than 141 µm / m℃, more preferably not more than 140 µm / m℃, and even more preferably not more than 137 µm / m℃.

[0223] The lower limit of CLTE 23-80℃ (TD) is typically at least 100 µm / m℃, preferably at least 105 µm / m℃.

[0224] Furthermore, the average linear coefficient of thermal expansion (average CLTE 23-80°C) of the article (preferably an injection-molded article) measured at a heating rate of 1°C / min within a temperature range of +23 to +80°C is preferably less than 120 µm / m°C, preferably not more than 114 µm / m°C, and more preferably not more than 113 µm / m°C.

[0225] The lower limit of the average CLTE 23-80°C is typically at least 70 µm / m°C, preferably at least 75 µm / m°C.

[0226] The average CLTE 23-80℃ can be the arithmetic mean of CLTE 23-80℃ (MD) and CLTE 23-80℃ (TD).

[0227] Furthermore, the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CLTE -30-80℃, MD) of the article (preferably an injection-molded article) measured according to ISO 11359-2:1999 in the temperature range of -30 to +80℃ and at a heating rate of 1℃ / min along the machine direction is preferably less than 70 µm / m℃, more preferably not more than 69 µm / m℃, and even more preferably not more than 68 µm / m℃.

[0228] The lower limit of CLTE -30-80℃ (MD) is typically at least 40 µm / m℃, preferably at least 45 µm / m℃.

[0229] Furthermore, the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CLTE -30-80℃ (TD)) of the article (preferably an injection-molded article) measured according to ISO 11359-2:1999 in the transverse direction at a heating rate of 1℃ / min within a temperature range of -30 to +80℃ is preferably less than 115 µm / m℃, more preferably not more than 114 µm / m℃, and even more preferably not more than 113 µm / m℃.

[0230] The lower limit of CLTE -30-80℃ (TD) is typically at least 80 µm / m℃, preferably at least 85 µm / m℃.

[0231] Furthermore, the average linear coefficient of thermal expansion (average CLTE -30-80℃) of the article (preferably an injection-molded article) measured at a heating rate of 1℃ / min within a temperature range of -30 to +80℃ is preferably less than 95 µm / m℃, preferably not more than 91 µm / m℃, and more preferably not more than 90 µm / m℃.

[0232] The lower limit of the average CLTE temperature range of -30 to 80°C is typically at least 55 µm / m°C, and preferably at least 60 µm / m°C.

[0233] The average CLTE -30-80℃ can be the arithmetic mean of CLTE -30-80℃ (MD) and CLTE -30-80℃ (TD).

[0234] The linear coefficient of thermal expansion is typically determined on a 10 mm long specimen, taken from an 80 × 10 × 4 mm specimen prepared according to ISO 19069-2. 3 The center position of the injection-molded rod-shaped specimen.

[0235] Alternatively, the average CLTE 23-80°C and average CLTE -30-80°C can be determined by cutting a sample of the appropriate size from an injection-molded product (e.g., an injection-molded automotive product) and using the arithmetic mean of the linear thermal expansion coefficients of the sample measured in two orthogonal directions.

[0236] Furthermore, the area of ​​silver paint peeling off the product (preferably an injection-molded product), as determined by the measurement method, is preferably from 0.0 to 20.0 mm. 2 More preferably, it is 1.0 to 17.5 mm. 2 .

[0237] Furthermore, the black paint peel width of the article (preferably an injection-molded article), as determined by the measurement method, is preferably 0.0 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mm. Example

[0238] 1. Measurement Method

[0239] Unless otherwise defined, the following definitions of terms and measurement methods apply to the overall description of the invention above (including the claims) and the following embodiments.

[0240] Quantitative analysis of microstructure using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

[0241] The content of comonomers in the polymer was quantitatively analyzed using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

[0242] Quantitative recordings were performed in the molten state using a Bruker Avance III 500 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. 13 C{ 1 H NMR spectrum 1 H and 13 The frequencies of C are 500.13 MHz and 125.76 MHz, respectively. All spectra are presented using... 13 A C-optimized 7 mm magic angle rotation (MAS) probe was used for recording at 180°C, with nitrogen used for all pneumatic devices. Approximately 200 mg of sample was loaded into a 7 mm outer diameter zirconia MAS rotor and rotated at 4 kHz. This device was chosen primarily to meet the high sensitivity required for rapid identification and accurate quantification. Standard single-pulse excitation was employed, utilizing the NOE effect with a 3-second short cycle delay and an RS-HEPT decoupling scheme. A total of 1024 (1 kΩ) transient signals were acquired for each spectrum.

[0243] Quantitative 13 C{ 1 The ¹H NMR spectra were processed and integrated, and the relevant quantitative properties were determined based on the integrated values. All chemical shifts were internally standardized using the methyl isotactic pentatonic group (mm mm) at 21.85 ppm.

[0244] The characteristic signal {brandolini 01} corresponding to the incorporation of 1-butene was observed, and the content of the comonomer was quantified.

[0245] The amount of isolated 1-butene incorporated into the PBP sequence was quantified using the integral value of the αB2 site at 43.6 ppm, taking into account the number of reporter sites for each comonomer.

[0246] B = I αB2 / 2

[0247] The amount of sequentially incorporated 1-butene in the PBBP sequence was quantified using the integral at the ααB2B2 site at 40.5 ppm, taking into account the number of reporter sites for each comonomer:

[0248]

[0249] In the presence of BB, the B value must be corrected for the effect of BB on the αB2 site:

[0250] B = (I αB2 / 2) - BB / 2

[0251] The total 1-butene content is calculated based on the sum of isolated 1-butene and continuously introduced 1-butene:

[0252] B 总 = B + BB

[0253] The characteristic signal {brandolini 01} corresponding to ethylene incorporation was observed, and the content of comonomers was quantified.

[0254] The amount of separated ethylene incorporated into the PEP sequence was quantified using the integral value of the Sββ site at 24.3 ppm, taking into account the number of reporter sites for each comonomer:

[0255] E = I Sββ

[0256] If a characteristic signal corresponding to the continuous incorporation of ethylene in the PEE sequence is observed, quantification is performed using the Sβδ site at 27.0 ppm:

[0257] EE = I Sβδ

[0258] Characteristic signals {resconi 00} corresponding to regional defects were observed. The presence of isolated 2,1-erythro-type regional defects was indicated by two methyl sites at 17.7 and 17.2 ppm and a methylene site at 42.4 ppm, and confirmed by other characteristic sites. The presence of 2,1-regional defects adjacent to ethylene units was indicated by two inequivalent Sαβ signals located at 34.8 ppm and 34.4 ppm, and a Tγγ signal at 33.7 ppm, respectively.

[0259] The integral of the methylene site at 42.4 ppm (I) e9 ) for the separated 2,1-erythian region defects (P 21e分离 Quantify the quantity of )

[0260] P 21e 分离 = I e9

[0261] If present, use the methine site at 33.7 ppm (I Tγγ ) for defects in the 2,1 region adjacent to ethylene (P E21 Quantify the amount of )

[0262] P E21 = I Tγγ

[0263] Then, the total ethylene content is calculated based on the sum of ethylene from isolated, continuously introduced, and adjacent 2,1 region defects:

[0264] E 总 = E + EE + P E21

[0265] Propylene content was quantified based on the Sαα methylene site at 46.7 ppm, including all additional propylene units not covered by Sαα, such as item [missing information]. Three missing propylene units were used to compensate for defects in the separated 2,1-erythroid region:

[0266]

[0267] Then calculate the total mole fraction of 1-butene and ethylene in the polymer:

[0268] fB = B 总 / (E) 总 + P 总 + B 总l )

[0269] fE = E 总 / (E) 总 + P总 + B 总 )

[0270] The molar percentage of comonomers incorporated is calculated from the molar fraction:

[0271]

[0272]

[0273] The weight percentage of comonomer incorporated is calculated from the mole fraction:

[0274]

[0275]

[0276] Based on all propylene, the molar percentage of isolated 2,1-erythrocyanine region defects was quantified:

[0277]

[0278] Based on all propylene, the molar percentage of defects in zone 2,1 adjacent to ethylene was quantified:

[0279]

[0280] The total number of defects 2.1 is quantified as follows:

[0281]

[21] mol% = [21e] + [E21]

[0282] No characteristic signal {resconi 00} corresponding to other types of regional defects (2,1-Soviet type, 3,1 insertion) was observed.

[0283] References (as described above):

[0284]

[0285] Crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis

[0286] Note: Crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analyzes the polymer fraction of each component; non-polymer fractions (such as fillers or particulate pigments) are not included in the reported CRYSTEX data.

[0287] Determination of crystalline fractions and soluble fractions and their respective properties (iV and ethylene content)

[0288] The crystalline fraction (CF) and soluble fraction (SF), as well as the comonomer content and intrinsic viscosity of each component, of polypropylene compositions were analyzed using the Crystex (crystallization extraction) method. Available instruments include the Crystex QC or Crystex 42 (Polymer Char; Valencia, Spain). Detailed information on the techniques and methods can be found in the literature (Ljiljana Jeremic, Andreas Albrecht, Martina Sandholzer, and Markus Gahleitner (2020): Rapid characterization of high-impact ethylene–propylene copolymer composition by crystallization extraction separation: comparability to standard separation methods, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 25:8, 581-596).

[0289] The crystalline fraction and the amorphous fraction were separated by temperature cycling: dissolution at 160°C, crystallization at 40°C, and then redissolution with 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 160°C. Quantification of SF and CF, as well as determination of ethylene content (C2), were performed using an integrated infrared detector (IR4); intrinsic viscosity (IV) was determined using an online dual-capillary viscometer.

[0290] The IR4 detector is a multi-wavelength detector capable of measuring infrared absorption in two different spectral bands: the CH3 stretching vibration (centered at approximately 2960 cm⁻¹). -1 ) and CH stretching vibration (2700-3000cm) -1 The IR4 detector is used to determine the concentration and ethylene content in ethylene-propylene copolymers. It is calibrated using a series of eight EP copolymers with known ethylene contents, ranging from 2 wt% to 69 wt% (via...). 13 (Measured by C-NMR), the concentrations of each EP copolymer varied, ranging from 2 to 13 mg / ml. To account for both concentration and ethylene content during Crystex analysis, the following calibration equation was applied for the different expected polymer concentrations in the analysis:

[0291] (Equation 1)

[0292] (Equation 2)

[0293] The constants a to e in Equation 1 and the constants a to f in Equation 2 are determined using the least squares regression analysis method.

[0294] The CH3 / 1000C value is converted to ethylene content (wt%) using the following formula:

[0295] (Equation 3)

[0296] The contents of the soluble fraction (SF) and crystalline fraction (CF) were correlated with the contents of the cold soluble fraction (XCS) and the cold insoluble fraction (XCI) of xylene, respectively, by XS calibration, determined according to the gravimetric method of ISO 16152. XS calibration was achieved by testing various EP copolymers with XS contents ranging from 2 to 31 wt%. The determined XS calibration showed a linear relationship:

[0297] (Equation 4)

[0298] The intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the parent EP copolymer and its soluble and crystalline fractions was determined using an online dual-capillary viscometer and correlated with the corresponding IV values ​​determined in decahydronaphthalene according to the ISO 1628-3 standard method. Calibration was performed using various EP and PP copolymers with IV values ​​ranging from 2 to 4 dL / g. The resulting calibration curves showed a linear relationship.

[0299] (Equation 5)

[0300] The sample to be analyzed was weighed at a concentration of 10 mg / ml to 20 mg / ml. To avoid injecting gels and / or polymers (e.g., PET and PA) that may be insoluble in TCB at 160°C, the weighed sample was placed in a stainless steel mesh with a molecular weight of 0.077 and a diameter of 0.05 mm.

[0301] The sample vials are automatically filled with 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene containing 250 mg / L 2,6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) as an antioxidant. The sample is then dissolved at 160°C until completely dissolved, typically taking 60 minutes, while maintaining a constant stirring speed of 400 rpm. To prevent sample degradation, nitrogen gas is continuously purged through the polymer solution during the dissolution process.

[0302] A certain volume of sample solution is injected into a chromatographic column packed with inert packing material. The sample crystallizes here, and the soluble fraction and the crystalline fraction are separated. This process is repeated twice. During the first injection, the entire sample is measured at high temperature to determine the IV [dL / g] and C2 [wt%] of the PP component. During the second injection, the soluble fraction (at low temperature) and the crystalline fraction (at high temperature) during the crystallization cycle are measured (wt% SF, wt% C2, IV).

[0303] Intrinsic viscosity

[0304] Intrinsic viscosity (iV) was determined in decahydronaphthalene at 135°C according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 (October 1999).

[0305] melt flow rate

[0306] Melt flow rate (MFR) was determined according to ISO 1133, with units of g / 10 min. MFR is an indicator of polymer flowability, and thus reflects its processing performance. A higher melt flow rate generally indicates a lower polymer viscosity. The MFR2 of polypropylene was determined at a temperature of 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg.

[0307] The MFR2 of polyethylene was determined at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kg.

[0308] density:

[0309] Density was determined according to ISO 1183-187. Samples were prepared by compression molding according to ISO 1872-2:2007.

[0310] Xylene soluble fraction at room temperature (XCS, wt%): The amount of polymer soluble in xylene is determined at 25°C according to ISO 16152 (5th edition, 2005-07-01).

[0311] DSC analysis, melting temperature (T) m ) and heat of fusion (H f ), crystallization temperature (T) c ) and heat of crystallization (H c ): 5 to 7 mg samples were analyzed using a TA Instruments Q200 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). DSC was performed according to ISO 11357 / Part 3 / Method C2, using a heating / cooling / heating cycle, a scan rate of 10 °C / min, and a temperature range of -30 to +225 °C. Crystallization temperature (T c ) and enthalpy of crystallization (H c The melting temperature (T) is determined by the cooling step, while the melting temperature (T) is determined by the cooling step. m ) and enthalpy of fusion (H m The value is determined by the second heating step.

[0312] Flexural modulus was determined according to ISO 178 Method A (three-point bending test) on an 80 mm × 10 mm × 4 mm test bar. According to this standard, a test speed of 2 mm / min and a span of 16 times the thickness were used. The test temperature was 23 ± 2 °C. Injection molding was performed according to ISO 19069-2, using a melt temperature of 230 °C for all materials, regardless of the melt flow rate. Test bars of appropriate size can also be cut from samples of injection-molded products (e.g., injection-molded automotive parts).

[0313] Notched impact strength (NIS)

[0314] Charpy notched impact strength (NIS) was measured according to ISO 1791eA at +23°C or -20°C using an 80×10×4 mm injection-molded sample prepared according to ISO 19069-2. 3 The test bars use a melt temperature of 230°C for all materials, regardless of the melt flow rate. Test bars of appropriate size can also be cut from samples of injection-molded products (e.g., injection-molded automotive parts).

[0315] Instrumented puncture test

[0316] Instrumented puncture tests were performed at -30°C according to ISO 6603-2:2000, using 60×60×3 mm tubes prepared according to ISO 19069-2. 3 The injection-molded plates were measured after being conditioned at +23°C for 96 hours, with the test temperature at -30°C. Samples of the corresponding dimensions can also be cut from samples of injection-molded products (e.g., injection-molded automotive parts).

[0317] Coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE)

[0318] The linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CLTE) was determined according to ISO 11359-2:1999 on a 10 mm long specimen cut from the center of the same injection-molded specimen used in the flexural modulus or Charpy notched impact strength determination. The CLTE specimen dimensions were: 10 × 10 × 4 mm for the CLTE MD test. 3 The CLTE TD test measurement is 8×10×4 mm. 3 Samples of the corresponding size can also be cut from samples of injection-molded products (e.g., injection-molded automotive parts). Measurements were taken in the machine direction at a heating rate of 1 °C / min within a temperature range of -30 to +80 °C, and at a heating rate of 1 °C / min within a temperature range of 23 to +80 °C.

[0319] The average CLTE is the average of the CLTE MD measurement and the CLTE TD measurement.

[0320] Average particle size (diameter) d 50 and the top cut particle size d 95

[0321] The particle size definition is calculated based on particle size distribution (mass percentage) determined by two different methods:

[0322] Laser diffraction A laser particle size analyzer was used, according to ISO 13320-1.

[0323] Settling Instrument Method This refers to gravity liquid sedimentation, according to ISO 13317-3.

[0324] d 50 Defined as median particle size, while d 95 Defined as the 95th percentile particle size in the particle size distribution.

[0325] Inorganic residues

[0326] Inorganic residues were quantified using a Perkin Elmer TGA 8000 according to DIN ISO 1172:1996. Approximately 10–20 mg of sample was placed in a platinum crucible. The temperature was equilibrated at 50 °C for 10 minutes, and then increased to 950 °C at a heating rate of 20 °C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere. Ash content is expressed as a weight percentage at 850 °C.

[0327] Limonene detection

[0328] The quantification of limonene can be performed using solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS) combined with the standard addition method.

[0329] 50 mg of the ground sample was weighed into a 20 mL headspace vial. Different concentrations of limonene and a glass-coated magnetic stir bar were added, and the vial was sealed with a silicone / PTFE-lined magnetic cap. A known concentration of diluted limonene standard solution was added to the sample using a microcapillary (10 pL). Adding 0, 2, 20, and 100 ng equates to 0 mg / kg, 0.1 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, and 5 mg / kg of limonene, respectively. Additionally, standard amounts of 6.6 mg / kg, 11 mg / kg, and 16.5 mg / kg of limonene were used in conjunction with some samples tested in this application. Quantification was performed using SIM mode to collect ion 93. Enrichment of volatile components was performed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HPE) with a 2 cm stable flexible 50 / 30 pm DVB / Carboxen / PDMS fiber at 60 °C for 20 min. Desorption was performed directly at the heated injection port of the GCMS system at 270 °C.

[0330] GCMS parameters:

[0331] Chromatographic column:

[0332] Injector: Splitless injection, 0.75 mm SPME liner, 270℃

[0333] Temperature ramp-up: -10℃ (1 min)

[0334] Carrier gas: Helium 5.0, linear velocity 31 cm / s, constant current

[0335] MS: Single quadrupole, direct interface, interface temperature 280℃

[0336] Data Acquisition Mode: SIM Scanning Mode

[0337] Scan parameters: 20-300 amu

[0338] SIM parameters: m / z 93, dwell time 100 ms

[0339] Static headspace analysis for odor components

[0340] The parameters of the headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS / GC / MS) method used are described here.

[0341] The standard solution was prepared as follows: 5 µL of a 2-butanol standard solution containing 0.072 µg / mL acetaldehyde, 0.208 µg / mL acetic acid, 0.081 µg / mL D-limonene, and 1.499 µg / mL acetone was injected into a 20 mL HS bottle and sealed with a PTFE cap. Each HS / GC / MS test sequence for the sample included analysis of this standard solution.

[0342] The sample was also analyzed using HS / GC / MS to determine acetaldehyde, acetic acid, D-limonene, and acetone. Therefore, 2.000 ± 0.100 g of the cold-ground sample was weighed, placed in a 20 ml HS bottle, and sealed with a PTFE cap. The sample was taken from the middle portion of an injection-molded slab measuring 148.5 × 210 × 3 mm. This injection-molded slab was produced using an Engel ES 1050 / 250 HL injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 240 °C, a holding pressure of 419 bar, and a holding time of 3.5 s. After production, the injection-molded slab was stored at room temperature for 6 hours and then packaged in an aluminum foil bag.

[0343] The samples were analyzed by HS / GC / MS under isothermal headspace conditions of 100℃ / 2h.

[0344] The headspace analysis parameters used for standards and samples differ in vial equilibration time and HS furnace temperature. Otherwise, the analytical method parameters for standards and samples are consistent. The mass spectrometer operates in scanning mode, recording a total ion chromatogram (TIC) for each analysis. Substances are identified by deconvolution and comparison with retention times of the corresponding labeled substances in the standards. Detailed information on method parameters and data evaluation software is as follows:

[0345] •HS parameters (Agilent G1888 headspace sampler)

[0346] Equilibration time for sample vials: 5 min (standards), 120 min (samples)

[0347] Oven temperature: 200℃ (standard), 100℃ (sample)

[0348] Circulation tube temperature: 205℃

[0349] Transmission tube temperature: 210℃

[0350] low-speed oscillation

[0351] • GC parameters (Agilent 7890A GC system)

[0352] Column: ZB-WAX7HG-G007-22 (30m×250 µm×1 µm)

[0353] Carrier gas: Helium 5.0

[0354] Flow rate: 2 ml / min

[0355] Flow split ratio: 10:1

[0356] GC oven program: 35℃ for 0.1 min

[0357] Increase the temperature to 250℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min.

[0358] Hold at 250℃ for 1 minute

[0359] • MS Specifications (Agilent 5975C Inert XL MSD)

[0360] Acquisition mode: Scan

[0361] Scan parameters:

[0362] Lowest mass-to-charge ratio: 20

[0363] Highest mass-to-charge ratio: 200

[0364] Threshold: 10

[0365] • Software / Data Evaluation

[0366] MSD ChemStation F.01.03.2357

[0367] MSD ChemStation E.02.02.1431

[0368] AMDIS GC / MS Analysis Software Version 2.71

[0369] NIST Mass Spectrometry Library (2011 Edition) NIST 11.L

[0370] Microsoft Excel 2010 and 2016

[0371] Data evaluation

[0372] To further evaluate the data, extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) of the target analyte compounds in the standards and samples were used. The corresponding target ions are listed in Table 1.

[0373] Table 1: Retention time and substance-specific target ions of selected labeled substances.

[0374]

[0375] Calculate the concentration of the standard of the labeled substance in the HS bottle according to Equation 1. ), of which the concentration of the labeled substance in the liquid standard ( Multiply by the injection volume of the standard ( ), then divide by the volume of the HS bottle ( The default HS volume is 20 ml.

[0376] Formula 1

[0377] According to Equation 2, the response factor is calculated for each labeled compound in the standard. ).

[0378] Formula 2

[0379] Wherein, the concentration of the labeled compound is divided by the integral peak area of ​​the corresponding labeled compound in the EIC ( ).

[0380] To estimate the concentration of the corresponding labeled compound in the headspace of the sample ( Equation 3 was used. Therefore, the response factor obtained from Equation 2 was multiplied by the peak area of ​​the corresponding labeled compound in the EIC run of the sample ( ).

[0381] Formula 3

[0382] atomization

[0383] Atomization was determined according to ISO 75201:2011-11 Method B (gravimetric method) on specimens (80 mm diameter + / - 1 mm, 3 mm thickness) cut from injection-molded slabs. The injection-molded slabs measured 148.5 mm × 210 mm × 3 mm. The slabs were produced using an Engel ES 1050 / 250 HL injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 240°C, a holding pressure of 419 bar, and a holding time of 3.5 s. After production, the slabs were stored at room temperature for 24 hours and then packaged in aluminum foil bags. The method determined the mass (in milligrams) of condensate on the aluminum foil by weighing it before and after the atomization test. The term "atomization" refers to the degree to which volatile substances condense on glass components (e.g., vehicle windshields).

[0384] Thermal desorption analysis (LBS and HBS) for screening organic emissions

[0385] This method describes a semi-quantitative determination of organic compounds in polyolefins. It is similar to VDA 278 (October 2011), but includes some specific adjustments.

[0386] After production, the samples (injection-molded DIN-A5 plates) are stored at room temperature for 24 hours, then sealed in aluminum foil polyethylene bags and delivered to the laboratory within 14 days. Subsequently, aliquots of 60 ± 5 mg are extracted from the stored samples. When trimming the samples, efforts should be made to obtain the largest possible intact area, rather than to obtain the largest possible surface area by cutting them into small pieces. The diameter of the injection tube should be considered first, followed by the selection of an appropriate length and thickness based on the required aliquot weight. The aliquots are desorbed directly using heating and a helium flow. Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds are extracted into the gas flow and cryogenically focused before being injected into the gas chromatography (GC) system for analysis. The method comprises two extraction stages: in low-boiling-point (LBS) analysis, the aliquots are desorbed at 90 °C for 30 min to determine volatile organic compounds with a boiling point / elution range up to n-pecane (n-C25). In high-boiling-point (HBS) analysis, the same aliquot of the sample is further desorbed at 120 °C for 60 minutes to determine semi-volatile compounds with boiling point / elution ranges from n-tetradecane (n-C14) to n-triadodecane (n-C32).

[0387] Similar to the VOC and FOG values ​​in VDA 278, LBS is calculated in toluene equivalents (TE) and HBS in hexadecane equivalents (HE), both using semi-quantitative methods and undergoing appropriate calibration. Results are expressed in µg / g.

[0388] The integration parameters for LBS and HBS evaluations were selected as follows: peak areas corresponding to 1 μg / g were removed (TE and HE, respectively). Therefore, smaller peaks were not included in the semi-quantitative results. The GC oven temperature program remained constant regardless of whether a calibration run, LBS run, or HBS run was performed. The initial temperature was 50 °C (held for 1 min), then increased at a rate of 10 °C / min, with a final temperature of 320 °C (held for 10 min). An Agilent DB5 column (50 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm or equivalent) was used. This method requires a thermal desorption system TDS 3 (Gerstel) and a cooled injection system CIS4 (Gerstel), as well as a GC system equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID), but not a mass spectrometer. The CIS termination temperature was always set to 380 °C, not 280 °C.

[0389] Inclusions belonging to automotive coatings

[0390] The following test method description outlines the sample preparation for film compression molding, the identification of relevant inclusions (“target inclusions”), infrared spectroscopy analysis for chemical composition identification, and computed tomography (CT) analysis for physical characterization. The purpose of this test method is to identify the presence of coating particles in polypropylene compounds based on end-of-life vehicle polypropylene (PP) feedstock.

[0391] 1. Sample preparation

[0392] Approximately 1-2 grams of polymer composite material, taken from actual components or particles, is compression molded into films with a thickness of approximately 35-70 µm to ensure good inclusion visibility and sufficient infrared transmittance. Each compression-molded film has a diameter of approximately 8 cm. Compression molding is performed at 190°C and a pressure of approximately 80 bar.

[0393] At least five clearly visible inclusions were identified and labeled under an optical microscope (OM) for detailed characterization by IR and CT. Target inclusions selected by OM preferably had a size greater than 100 µm, sharp edges, and a color different from the surrounding polymer matrix.

[0394] 2. Method Description - Infrared Microscopy (IR)

[0395] The molded thin film was subjected to IR microscopy measurements to determine the chemical composition of inclusions. Two sets of inclusions, namely "target inclusions" and "contrast inclusions," were defined for chemical characterization using IR microscopy.

[0396] Infrared microscopy measurements were performed on a Bruker Vertex 70 spectrometer equipped with a Hyperion 200 microscope. Infrared or FT-IR microscopy combines FT-IR spectroscopy with conventional optical microscopy. This provides a convenient "point and shoot" method for chemical analysis of extremely small structures. Typically, the sample / film is first visually inspected, and then a target area on the film is selected; in this case, this area represents the inclusion to be chemically analyzed or identified. A spectral window of 600 cm⁻¹ was used. -1 Up to 4000cm -1 Spectral resolution of 2cm -1 FTIR spectra were acquired using an infrared microscope. Spectral processing employed a zero fill factor of 32 and Norton Beer strong apodization.

[0397] These "target inclusions" exhibit certain specific characteristics in their infrared spectra. In the FTIR of the target inclusions, a feature was observed at approximately 700 cm⁻¹. -1 and 760cm -1The sharp band at 700 cm⁻¹ indicates the presence of styrene modification. -1 Styrene aromatic ring deformation; 760cm -1 : out-of-plane deformation of styrene CH)[1]. In addition, all target inclusions are at approximately 3380 cm -1 A broad peak was observed at all locations, which may indicate the OH and NH stretching vibrations of acrylates or urethanes [2]. Furthermore, a peak was observed at approximately 1700 cm⁻¹. -1 A very strong band was observed at the point, which may also indicate C=O stretching of the urethane or acrylate bond [3,4]. All of these characteristic infrared bands are commonly present in coatings [5]. The infrared microscopy spectrum of the “contrast inclusion” did not show these unique band combinations. Therefore, it can be clearly concluded that the “contrast inclusion” is chemically different from the “target inclusion” and that the “target inclusion” exhibits characteristic infrared bands that are characteristic of coatings used in automotive applications.

[0398] 3. Method Description - Computed Tomography (CT)

[0399] CT was used to determine the physical information of the marked inclusions. For each inclusion, its three-dimensional shape, grayscale distribution, and average grayscale value were determined. The difference in grayscale values ​​between the paint residue and PP originated from the higher density pigment.

[0400] X-ray computed tomography (CT) was performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Heliscan MK2 system. Samples approximately 1 cm wide were cut from a compression-formed film around the inclusions. These samples were stacked and scanned together. The voxel size was set to 4.5 µm. A LaB6 filament was used in the X-ray tube, with a voltage of 60 kV, a medium focal size, and a 0.1 mm thick steel pre-filter. The samples were scanned using a space-filling trajectory.

[0401] Along with the samples, disks with a diameter of 5 mm and a thickness of 500 µm, made of different polymers, glass, and aluminum, were simultaneously scanned. Since grayscale values ​​are density-dependent, these disks served as a reference for determining the relevant grayscale value range.

[0402] Data analysis was performed using the industrial inspection software Avizo (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

[0403] The grayscale values ​​of the inclusions may be unevenly distributed, showing pigment particles of different sizes.

[0404] 4. Definition of paint residue identification criteria (“target inclusions”)

[0405] - Under an optical microscope, the edges of the appearance are sharp, and the color is different from the background of the polymer matrix.

[0406] - The infrared spectrum contains characteristic peaks indicating the presence of styrene modification, acrylate, or polyurethane, as described above.

[0407] -CT scans revealed that the paint residue exhibited a three-dimensional shape of sharp-edged flakes. Individual inclusions may consist of more than one flake, forming a multi-layered structure.

[0408] - The average CT gray value of the paint residue is at least 50% higher than the average gray value of the PP.

[0409] Inclusions with more rounded shapes, smoother edges, gray values ​​below the specified value, or no characteristic peaks in the infrared spectrum are classified as "contrast inclusions".

[0410] 5. References

[0411] 1. J. Zie˛ba-Palus, JM Milczarek and P. Ko´scielniak, Anal. Chem., 2008, 53, 109-121.

[0412] 2.JL Dupuie, WH Weber, DJ Scholl and JL Gerlock, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 1997, 57, 339-348.

[0413] 3.T. Nguyen, JW Martin, E. Byrd and E. Embree, Proc. Ann. Meet.Program FSC, 2002, p. 1.

[0414] 4.KJ Van der Pal, G. Sauzier, M. Maric, W. Van Bronswijk, K. Pittsand SW Lewis, Talanta, 2016, 148, 715-720.

[0415] AG Gomes de Oliveira, EWJ de Andrade Gomes, K. Malek,Anal.Methods, 2018, 10, 1203

[0416] Figure 1-5Examples of infrared spectra of exemplary inclusions selected from compressed films with a thickness of approximately 70 µm are shown. These films were prepared from compositions of examples CE1, IE3, IE7, and IE8 in co-pending PCT application PCT / EP2024 / 065580.

[0417] Figure 1 The spectra of the polypropylene composition matrix of CE1 and two transparent inclusions (inclusions 1 and 2) are shown. The spectra show similar peaks, therefore these two transparent inclusions are identified as inclusions composed of polypropylene composition, which differ from the matrix in that they have lower silicon and talc content.

[0418] Figure 2 The spectra of the polypropylene composition matrix of CE1 and two different transparent inclusions (inclusions 3 and 4) are shown. The two transparent inclusions were identified as talc aggregates from the spectra.

[0419] Figure 3 The spectra of three inclusions in IE3 are shown. All spectra are at approximately 700 cm⁻¹. -1 Approximately 760cm -1 A distinct band is observed at approximately 3380 cm⁻¹, which can be attributed to styrene modification; furthermore, at approximately 3380 cm⁻¹... -1 The bands appear at approximately 1700 cm⁻¹, which can be attributed to the OH and NH stretching vibrations of acrylates or carbamates; at approximately 1700 cm⁻¹... -1 The bands shown are at the point where they are likely due to the C=O stretching vibrations of acrylates or urethanes. These bands have been identified as markers for automotive coatings.

[0420] Figure 4 The spectra of three inclusions in IE7 are shown. All spectra are at approximately 700 cm⁻¹. -1 Approximately 760cm -1 A distinct band is observed at approximately 3380 cm⁻¹, which can be attributed to styrene modification; furthermore, at approximately 3380 cm⁻¹... -1 The bands appear at approximately 1700 cm⁻¹, which can be attributed to the OH and NH stretching vibrations of acrylates or carbamates; at approximately 1700 cm⁻¹... -1 The bands shown are at the point where they are likely due to the C=O stretching vibrations of acrylates or urethanes. These bands have been identified as markers for automotive coatings.

[0421] Figure 5 The spectra of three inclusions in IE8 are shown. All spectra are at approximately 700 cm⁻¹. -1 Approximately 760cm -1 A distinct band is observed at approximately 3380 cm⁻¹, which can be attributed to styrene modification; furthermore, at approximately 3380 cm⁻¹... -1The bands appear at approximately 1700 cm⁻¹, which can be attributed to the OH and NH stretching vibrations of acrylates or carbamates; at approximately 1700 cm⁻¹... -1 The bands shown are at the point where they are likely due to the C=O stretching vibrations of acrylates or urethanes. These bands have been identified as markers for automotive coatings.

[0422] In summary, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The infrared spectrum of the contrast inclusions is shown, while Figure 3-5 The infrared spectrum of the target inclusions is displayed.

[0423] Figure 6-12 Examples of CT images of exemplary inclusions selected from compressed films with a thickness of approximately 70 µm are shown. These films are prepared from compositions of examples CE5, CE4, IE6, IE7, and IE8 in co-pending PCT application PCT / EP2024 / 065580.

[0424] Figure 6 An irregularly shaped, three-dimensional inclusion, identified as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) particles, is shown in Example CE5.

[0425] Figure 7 An irregularly circular three-dimensional inclusion, identified as silicone rubber particles, is shown in Example CE5.

[0426] Figure 8 A circular inclusion from Example CE4 is shown, which has been identified as talc particles.

[0427] Figure 9 The example IE6 shows a multi-layered, sharp-edged, sheet-like, three-dimensional inclusion that has been identified as paint particles.

[0428] Figure 10 The second inclusion, which has been identified as paint particles, is shown in Example IE6 and has a sheet-like three-dimensional shape with sharp edges.

[0429] Figure 11 The image shows an inclusion with a sheet-like three-dimensional shape and sharp edges, which has been identified as paint particles, according to embodiment IE7.

[0430] Figure 12 The image shows an inclusion with a sheet-like three-dimensional shape and sharp edges, which has been identified as paint particles, according to Example IE8.

[0431] In summary, Figure 6-8 The CT images showing the inclusions were displayed, while Figure 9-12 The CT image of the target inclusion is displayed.

[0432] isotropic area shrinkage rate

[0433] The area shrinkage rate was calculated based on the shrinkage data of a circular sector plate with a radius of 320 mm, an opening angle of 20°, and a thickness of 2.8 mm. The sector plate was injection molded using an Engel ES 1350 / 350 machine, and the area shrinkage was calculated using a 7.6 × 2.8 mm section located at the bottom of the sector. 2 Rectangular gates are used for filling during production. Samples of the corresponding size can also be cut from samples of injection-molded products (e.g., injection-molded automotive parts). The melt temperature is 240°C, the mold temperature is 25°C, the filling time is 3.5s, followed by a holding time of 20s and a holding pressure of 400 bar.

[0434] Instead of measuring the external dimensions of the board, a circular dot matrix pattern was generated by etching dots with a diameter of 1 mm and a spacing of 5 to 10 mm onto the board. After demolding, the original pattern was immediately recorded using the OGP Smartscope Flash 400 optical measurement system and used as a dimensional reference. After 96 hours at 23°C, the shrunken mold shape was determined, and the deviation of the distance between all points was recorded. To calculate the isotropic area shrinkage rate, several measurement points were connected by a vector, and the resulting area was determined, where A is the area after 96 hours, and A0 is the area before that time period. The isotropic area shrinkage rate S was then calculated. ISO :

[0435]

[0436] 2. Example

[0437] 2.1 Synthesis of Heterogeneous Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer (HECO)

[0438] Preparation of HECO1 and HECO2 catalysts

[0439] First, under normal pressure, 0.1 mol of MgCl₂×3EtOH was suspended in 250 mL of decane in a reactor under inert conditions. The solution was cooled to -15°C, and 300 mL of cold TiCl₄ was added while maintaining this temperature. Then, the slurry temperature was slowly raised to 20°C. At this temperature, 0.02 mol of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) was added to the slurry. After the addition of the phthalate, the temperature was raised to 135°C over 90 minutes, and the slurry was allowed to stand for 60 minutes. Then, 300 mL of TiCl₄ was added, and the temperature was maintained at 135°C for 120 minutes. Afterward, the catalyst was filtered from the liquid and washed six times with 300 mL of heptane at 80°C. The solid catalyst component was then filtered and dried. The catalyst and its preparation method have been described in their entirety in patent publications EP491566, EP591224, and EP586390. The catalyst was also further modified (VCH modification of the catalyst). Under inert conditions and at room temperature, 35 mL of mineral oil (Paraffinum Liquidum PL68) was added to a 125 mL stainless steel reactor, followed by 0.82 g of triethylaluminum (TEAL) and 0.33 g of dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane (donor D). After 10 minutes, 5.0 g of the catalyst prepared above (Ti content 1.4 wt%) was added, followed by 5.0 g of vinylcyclohexane (VCH) after another 20 minutes. The temperature was raised to +60 °C over 30 minutes and maintained for 20 hours. Finally, the temperature was lowered to +20 °C, and the concentration of unreacted VCH in the oil / catalyst mixture was analyzed, finding it to be 200 ppm (by weight).

[0440] The subsequent polymerization reaction was carried out under the following conditions.

[0441] Table 1: Polymerization conditions of HECO

[0442]

[0443] At 220°C, using a Coperion ZSK 47 co-rotating twin-screw extruder, heterogeneous copolymers HECO1 and HECO2 were blended with 0.15 wt% of an antioxidant (Irganox B215FF from BASF AG, Germany; this antioxidant is a 1:2 mixture of pentaerythritol tetra(3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, CAS No. 6683-19-8 and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, CAS No. 31570-04-4) and 0.05 wt% of calcium stearate (CAS No. 1592-23-0, a product of Faci, Italy).

[0444] 2.2 Mixed Plastic Polypropylene Blends (B)

[0445] Table 2 lists the properties of the blended plastic polypropylene blends. B-ELV1 and B-ELV2 are blended plastic polypropylene blends derived from end-of-life vehicles, while B-PCR3 is a blended plastic polypropylene blend derived from post-consumer waste.

[0446] For B-ELV1 and B-ELV2, fragments from end-of-life vehicle bumper parts were collected and granulated on a twin-screw extruder using a 200 µm melt filter, and 0.30 wt% of a 1:1 mixture of pentaerythritol tetra(3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate from BASF and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite from BASF was added.

[0447] Table 2: Properties of Polypropylene Blends

[0448]

[0449] nd = Not detected, below the detection limit

[0450] 2.3 Mixing of the composition of the present invention and the comparative composition

[0451] Both the compositions of the present invention and the comparative compositions were prepared by mixing in a Coperion ZSK 40 co-rotating twin-screw extruder at 220°C according to the formulations shown in Table 3.

[0452] In addition to the HECO and mixed plastic polypropylene blends mentioned above, the following commercially available components were also used:

[0453] In addition to the HECO and mixed plastic polypropylene blends mentioned above, the following commercially available components were also used:

[0454]

[0455] Table 4 presents the performance of the inventive compositions IE1, IE2, and the comparative composition CE1. All performance parameters were measured on test samples prepared from the example compositions according to the corresponding standards described in the measurement methods section above.

[0456] Table 3: Formulations of the Invention Examples and Comparative Examples

[0457]

[0458] Table 4: Performance of the inventive composition and comparative compositions CE1, IE1 and IE2

[0459]

[0460] nd = Not detected, below the detection limit

[0461] These compositions were prepared such that several inventive compositions containing ELV mixed plastic polypropylene blends could be directly compared with several comparative compositions containing PCR mixed plastic polypropylene blends.

[0462] The following compositions can be directly compared:

[0463] CE1 and IE1 (as well as IE2 and IE3, which are polypropylene blends with higher ELV content)

[0464] CE2 and IE4

[0465] CE3 and IE5

[0466] CE4 and IE6

[0467] CE5 and IE7

[0468] It can be seen that a fairly balanced performance can be achieved for different comparable blends, while using lower amounts of native elastomer (EC) and native inorganic filler (F).

[0469] The inventive compositions typically exhibit lower average CLTE values ​​and slightly higher impact performance (especially at low temperatures) at comparable stiffness and shrinkage rates. On the other hand, the inventive compositions also tend to exhibit lower puncture energy and higher emissions.

Claims

1. A polypropylene composition (PC), said polypropylene composition (PC) being a blend of polypropylene plastics suitable for automotive exterior applications, wherein, The polypropylene composition (PC) comprises: Inclusions belonging to automotive coatings, identified on compressed films with a thickness of 35 to 70 µm, characterized by optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy for chemical composition, and computed tomography for physical information; and The puncture energy of the polypropylene composition (PC) was determined by instrumental puncture testing on a 3 mm thick injection-molded specimen at -30°C according to ISO 6603-2:2000, ranging from 5.0 to 50.0 J. The polymer portion of the polypropylene composition (PC) comprises: i. According to the crystallization extraction method (CRYSTEX), through quantitative... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 10.0 to 30.0 wt%. ii. The soluble fraction (SF) content, as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, is 20.0 to 50.0 wt%; The soluble fraction (SF) has an intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of 2.00 to 3.60 dL / g, as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1; and The soluble fraction (SF) is obtained through quantitative analysis. 13 The ethylene content (C2(SF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 20.0 to 60.0 wt%. iii. The content of the crystallization fraction (CF), determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, is 50.0 to 80.0 wt%, and The crystal fraction (CF) is obtained through quantitative analysis. 13 The ethylene content (C2(CF)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 5.0 to 20.0 wt%; The soluble fraction (SF) content and the crystalline fraction (CF) content are both expressed as weight percentages (wt%) relative to the total weight of the polymer portion of the polypropylene composition (PC).

2. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to claim 1, wherein, The limonene content of the polypropylene composition (PC) determined by solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS) is not more than 5.0 ppm.

3. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystalline fraction (CF) as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 is 1.00 to 2.50 dL / g; and / or the intrinsic viscosity ratio (iV(SF) / iV(CF)) of the soluble fraction and the crystalline fraction as determined according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 is 1.00 to 3.00; and / or by quantitative analysis... 13 The ratio of ethylene content (C2(SF) / C2(CF)) of the soluble fraction and the crystalline fraction determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy is 1.5 to 10.0; and / or the intrinsic viscosity (iV(total)) of the polymer portion of the polypropylene composition (PC) determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 is 1.00 to 2.50 dL / g.

4. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The polypropylene composition (PC) has one or more, preferably all of the following properties: According to ISO 1133, the melt flow rate (MFR2) at 230°C and 2.16 kg is 5.0 to 50.0 g / 10 min; The melting temperature Tm, as determined by GPC, is 160 to 175 °C. According to ISO 178, the flexural modulus on injection-molded samples is 900 to 2500 MPa. The Charpy notched impact strength, measured at 23°C on injection-molded samples according to ISO 179, ranges from 30.0 to 100.0 kJ / m. 2 ; According to ISO 179, the Charpy notched impact strength at -20°C, measured on injection-molded samples, ranges from 3.0 to 15.0 kJ / m. 2 .

5. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The polypropylene composition (PC) has one or more of the following properties: The isotropic area shrinkage rate, as determined by the measurement method, shall not exceed 1.50%. The average linear coefficient of thermal expansion (average CLTE 23-80℃) measured at a heating rate of 1℃ / min over a temperature range of +23 to +80℃ is less than 150 µm / m℃. The average linear coefficient of thermal expansion (average CLTE 23-80℃) measured at a heating rate of 1℃ / min over a temperature range of -30 to +80℃ is less than 120 µm / m℃. All performance parameters were measured on injection-molded samples.

6. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising: a) 7.5 to 75.0 wt% heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO); b) 7.5 to 85.0 wt% of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B), said mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) containing inclusions belonging to automotive coatings; c) 0 to 12.5 wt% ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC); d) Inorganic fillers in a total amount of 0.5 to 30.0 wt%; and e) 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of other additives (A), in, The total content of components a) to e) is at least 95 wt%, more preferably at least 98 wt%, and most preferably 100 wt%, relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC).

7. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The polypropylene composition (PC) can be obtained by mixing at least components a) to f): a) 5.0 to 60.0 wt% of a first heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), wherein the first heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) is obtained by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) via quantitative... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 8.1 to 20.0 wt%; b) 1.0 to 15.0 wt% of a second heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), the second heterophase propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) being obtained by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) via quantitative... 13 The ethylene content (C2 (total)) determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 3.0 to 8.0 wt%; c) 7.5 to 85.0 wt% of a mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC), the mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) comprising inclusions belonging to automotive coatings, the inclusions being measured on a compressed film with a thickness of 35 to 70 µm, the inclusions being identified by optical microscopy, the chemical composition of the inclusions being characterized by infrared spectroscopy, and the physical information of the inclusions being characterized by computed tomography. d) 0 to 12.5 wt% ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC); e) 0 to 25.0 wt% inorganic filler (F); f) 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of other additives (A), The total content of components a) to f) relative to the total weight of the polypropylene composition (PC) is at least 95 wt%, more preferably at least 98 wt%, and most preferably 100 wt%.

8. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to claim 7, wherein, The inorganic filler (F) is talc; more preferably, the polypropylene composition (PC) has one or more, preferably all of the following properties: Median particle size (d) determined according to ISO 13320-1 (laser method) 50 The range is 3.0 to 10.0 µm; Upper cut particle size (d) determined according to ISO 13320-1 (laser method) 95 The range is 8.0 to 30.0 µm; Median particle size (d) determined according to ISO 13317-3 (sedimentation apparatus method) 50 The range is 1.0 to 3.0 µm; The top tangent diameter (d) determined according to ISO 13317-3 (sedimentation apparatus method) 95 The range is 14.0 to 10.0 µm; and Median particle size (d) determined according to ISO 13320-1 (laser method) 50 ) and the median particle size (d) determined according to ISO 13317-3 (sedimentation apparatus method) 50 The ratio is between 1.5 and 4.

5.

9. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein, The first heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO1) has one or more, preferably all of, the following properties: According to ISO 1133, the melt flow rate (MFR2) at 230 °C and 2.16 kg is 1.0 to 50 g / 10 min; The soluble fraction (SF) content, determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX), was 20.0 to 40.0 wt%, and the crystalline fraction (CF) content, determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX), was 60.0 to 80.0 wt%. According to crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, quantitative... 13 The ethylene content (C2(SF)) of the soluble fraction determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 25 to 45 wt%. According to crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, quantitative... 13 The ethylene content (C2(CF)) of the crystallization fraction determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 wt%. The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction, as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is 2.00 to 4.00 dL / g. The intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystalline fraction, determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is 1.10 to 2.00 dL / g; as well as The intrinsic viscosity ratio (iV(SF) / iV(CF)) measured according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 is 1.20 to 4.

00.

10. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein, The second heterogeneous propylene-ethylene copolymer (HECO2) has one or more, preferably all of the following properties: According to ISO 1133, the melt flow rate (MFR2) at 230°C and 2.16 kg is 1.0 to 15.0 g / 10 min; The soluble fraction (SF) content, determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX), was 10.0 to 30.0 wt%; and the crystalline fraction (CF) content, determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX), was 70.0 to 90.0 wt%. According to crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, quantitative... 13 The ethylene content (C2(SF)) of the soluble fraction determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy was 10 to 30 wt%. According to crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, quantitative... 13 The ethylene content (C2(CF)) of the crystallization fraction determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 0.0 to 5.0 wt%. The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction, as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is 3.00 to 7.00 dL / g. The intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystalline fraction, determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is 1.40 to 2.70 dL / g. as well as The intrinsic viscosity ratio (iV(SF) / iV(CF)) measured according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 is 2.00 to 5.

00.

11. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein, The ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC) has a melt flow rate (MFR2) of 0.5 to 20 g / 10 min at 190 °C and 2.16 kg, as determined according to ISO 1133, and / or the ethylene-1-octene elastomer (EC) has a density of 870 to 900 kg / m³, as determined according to ISO 1183-187. 3 .

12. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein, The mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) has one or more of the following properties, preferably all of them: • The melt flow rate (MFR2) measured at 230°C and 2.16 kg according to ISO 1133 is 5.0 to 30.0 g / 10 min; • The soluble fraction (SF) content of the polymer fraction in the blended plastic polypropylene (B) is 10.0 to 50.0 wt%, and the crystalline fraction (CF) content is 50.0 to 90.0 wt%, both determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX). • Based on crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, through quantitative... 13 The ethylene content (C2(CF)) of the crystallization fraction determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 5.0 to 25.0 wt% • The intrinsic viscosity (iV(CF)) of the crystalline fraction, determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is 0.90 to 2.10 dL / g; • Based on crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) analysis, through quantitative... 13 The ethylene content (C2(SF)) of the soluble fraction determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 30.0 to 60.0 wt%. • The intrinsic viscosity (iV(SF)) of the soluble fraction, as determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, is 1.10 to 2.75 dL / g; • According to the crystallization extraction method (CRYSTEX), through quantitative... 13 The total ethylene content determined by FT-IR spectroscopy calibrated by C-NMR spectroscopy ranged from 15.0 to 30.0 wt%. • The intrinsic viscosity (iV) determined by crystallization extraction (CRYSTEX) according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1 is 1.25 to 2.25 dL / g; • The content of inorganic residues, determined by calcination analysis according to DIN ISO 1172:1996, is 0.5 to 10.0 wt%; • The limonene content, as determined by solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS), does not exceed 10.0 ppm; and • The content of organic acids and / or organic aldehyde derivatives is 1 to 100 ppm.

13. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein, The mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) contains 2.5 to 30 wt% inorganic filler relative to the total weight of the blend.

14. The polypropylene composition (PC) according to any one of claims 7 to 13, wherein, The mixed plastic polypropylene blend (B) is derived from recycled materials from end-of-life vehicles (ELVs), more preferably from crushed bumpers.

15. An article, preferably an injection-molded article, comprising a polypropylene composition of at least 95 wt%, more preferably at least 98 wt%, and most preferably at least 99 wt% of any of the preceding claims.

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