Autogenous bone taking instrument

Abstract

The invention discloses an autogenous bone taking instrument which comprises a bone taking device, a positioner and a positioning channel, and the bone taking device has various forms. The trephine bone extractor is mainly used for obtaining complete bone blocks; after the spiral bone fetcher is positioned, the spiral structure drives the cut bone blocks to enter the storage cavity; the ring cutting bone taking device can be used for completely cutting bone blocks; the spiral lifting bone taking device can store broken bone blocks in a centralized mode through a spiral structure. The bone taking bin is composed of a bin body and a bin cover, and bone scraps are cut through an incomplete circular groove. The bone scraper scrapes broken bones in the bone taking channel through the sharp cutting edge at the front end, and the broken bones can be taken out through the storage cavity. Three fixing needles are arranged on the edge of the positioner to facilitate intraoperative positioning, and a bone taking hole is formed in the middle and used for positioning the intraoperative bone taking device. The positioning channel is of an oval exposed structure and has two forms. The autologous bone extractor is high in bone extraction efficiency and operation precision, and the operation effect and the postoperative recovery effect of a patient can be effectively optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically to an autologous bone harvesting device. The device mainly consists of components such as a bone harvester, a locator, and a positioning channel. The bone harvester comes in various forms, allowing the surgeon to choose the appropriate form to obtain bone fragments of different shapes. Background Technology

[0002] Clinically, autologous bone is the most ideal bone graft material. The acquisition of autologous bone has always been highly valued in orthopedic surgery. This is not only because autologous bone has good biocompatibility, but also because it is easy to obtain and has many selections. Common autologous bone can be obtained from multiple sites such as the ilium, greater trochanter of the femur, tibia, fibula, distal radius, and ribs. The selection of autologous bone improves the success rate of orthopedic surgery and is widely used in clinical practice.

[0003] In autologous bone grafting, to shorten surgical time, the surgical team is often divided into two groups: one group harvests the autologous bone, and the other group exposes the recipient site. This not only significantly shortens the surgical time but also ensures the freshest autologous bone is harvested, effectively improving the success rate of the transplant. However, the harvesting of autologous bone remains a key focus for surgeons, as the size and shape requirements vary depending on the patient and their condition. Current bone harvesting methods have drawbacks such as large incisions at the harvesting site, significant bleeding, and a risk of damaging surrounding nerves and muscle tissue. However, the biggest drawback is the inability to precisely control the amount of bone harvested; too much bone results in additional bone defects, while too little requires a second harvest.

[0004] To address these issues, an autologous bone harvesting instrument has been designed. This instrument offers various structural options to meet clinical needs for different types of bone fragments. Furthermore, the instrument is easy to operate during the surgical bone harvesting process and can effectively shorten the bone harvesting time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an autologous bone harvesting instrument, which consists of components such as a bone harvester, a locator, and a positioning channel. The bone harvester comes in various forms and specifications, allowing the surgeon to select the appropriate form and specification to obtain bone fragments of different shapes.

[0006] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 12, bone harvesters come in various forms and specifications. Different types of bone fragments can be obtained through different cutting methods. At the same time, different sizes of bone harvesters can be selected according to the patient and the location.

[0007] like Figure 1 , 3As shown in Figures 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9, the locator has three fixing pins on its edge for easy positioning during the operation. The middle part is a bone harvesting hole for positioning the bone harvester during the operation. There is a sharp cutting edge near the bone harvesting side to facilitate cooperation with the fixing pins and form a stable channel. There is a tapping table on the side away from the bone harvesting side for fixing the locator.

[0008] like Figure 4 As shown, the trephine saw is mainly used to obtain complete bone blocks. The trephine has a complete serrated structure at the front end, which facilitates the cutting of bone blocks. The button and fittings at the rear are designed to facilitate the complete removal of bone blocks. The outer wall of the trephine saw has a viewing window that allows for a direct visual determination of the amount of bone to be removed.

[0009] like Figure 5 , 12 As shown, the bone scraper scrapes bone fragments in the bone extraction channel through its sharp front edge, and the storage cavity can carry the bone fragments out.

[0010] like Figure 7 As shown, the spiral bone harvesting process uses a positioning pin for positioning, and the horizontal and vertical cutting blades cut the bone. The spiral structure carries the cut bone pieces into the storage cavity, and the bone volume information is obtained through the depth window and scale.

[0011] like Figure 8 As shown, the circumferential bone harvester can completely cut the bone block by setting two internal cutting blades with blades and external cutting teeth, and finally remove the bone block. The circumferential bone harvester is also equipped with a transparent display groove and scale to facilitate the determination of the amount of bone to be harvested during the operation.

[0012] like Figure 9 As shown, the spiral lifting bone harvester uses a spiral structure to continuously lift the bone fragments after cutting them, and finally collects and stores the bone fragments in an independent space. The amount of bone to be harvested is determined by the scale and depth window, which effectively saves time for bone transplantation after harvesting.

[0013] like Figure 10 , 11 As shown in Figure 13, the positioning channel is an elliptical exposure structure with two forms. The lower end has a fixing wing and an iliac bone avoidance cavity, which is used to fix and construct the working position on the iliac bone. The iliac bone avoidance cavity facilitates the fit of the iliac bone during the operation. The working cavity has two forms: one is set at the top to facilitate bone harvesting from the edge of the iliac bone, and the other is set on one side to facilitate bone harvesting from one side of the iliac bone, preserving part of the outer edge of the iliac bone and preserving the integrity of the overall outline of the iliac bone.

[0014] like Figure 13 As shown, the bone retrieval chamber consists of a chamber body and a chamber cover. The chamber body is equipped with a positioning cone for positioning. The bottom and surrounding area of ​​the chamber body have structures such as bottom cutting edge, side cutting edge, and irregular cutting edge. The bone chips are cut by the blade on the straight groove of the incomplete circular groove and are finally retained in the bone chamber. The chamber body is equipped with a depth indicator groove and scale lines to visually display the amount of bone retrieved. Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the bone harvester and locator of the present invention in a coordinated state. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bone harvester and positioning channel of the present invention in a coordinated state. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the positioner of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the trephine bone harvester of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bone scraper of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral bone harvester of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure and cutting part of the spiral bone harvester of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circumferential bone harvesting device of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral lifting bone harvester of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a three-view drawing of the first positioning channel of the present invention. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first positioning channel of the present invention. Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating the use of a bone scraper. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the bone extraction chamber of the present invention. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the second positioning channel of the present invention. Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Positioner; 11. Fixation pin; 12. Incision blade; 13. Bone harvesting hole; 14. Percussion table; 2. Ring saw bone harvester; 21. Bone harvesting component; 22. Closure component; 23. Quick-release head; 24. Rotating pin; 25. Handle fixing pin; 26 Torsion spring; 211 Sawtooth; 212 Inner baffle; 213 Scale; 214 View window; 221 Button; 222 Outer baffle; 3. Bone scraper; 31. Working end; 32. Fixing rod; 33. Handle; 311. Cutting blade; 312. Storage cavity; 4. Spiral bone harvester; 41. Positioning pin; 42. Transverse cutting blade; 43. Longitudinal cutting blade; 44. Spiral lifting structure; 45 Quick-release interface; 46 Storage cavity; 47 Depth indicator window; 48 Scale; 5. Ring-shaped bone harvester; 51. Positioning pin; 52. Cutting blade; 53. Cutting teeth; 54. Extension rod; 55. Scale; 56. Transparent display slot; 6. Spiral lifting bone harvester; 61. Spiral tube; 62. Storage cover; 63. Bone harvesting rod; 611. Spiral pipe; 612. Storage cavity; 621. Cover; 622. Clearance hole; 623. Scale; 624. Depth indicator window; 631. Positioning part; 632. Spiral structure; 633. Interface; 7. Positioning channel; 71. Working chamber; 72. Iliac bone avoidance chamber; 73. Fixing wing; 8. Bone extraction chamber; 81. Chamber body; 82. Cover; 811. Positioning cone; 812. Bottom cutting edge; 813. Side cutting edge; 814. Depth groove; 815. Scale line; 816. Protrusion; 817. Irregular cutting edge; 821. Quick-release head; 822. Assembly slot; Specific Implementation

[0015] like Figure 1 , 2 The device shown consists of components such as a bone harvester, a locator, and a positioning channel. The locator 1 can be fixed to the donor bone site first, and then different bone harvesting methods and specifications can be selected according to the bone harvesting requirements.

[0016] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown, the fixation pin 11 and cutting blade 12 on the locator 1 are fixed to the donor bone site (gluteal tuberosity side). The locator 1 is fixed to the donor bone site more securely by tapping the tapping platform 14 on the locator 1 with other tools. The fixation pin 11 is made of a conical triangular cone, which is easy to insert during the operation.

[0017] like Figure 2 , 10 As shown in Figures 11 and 14, the positioning channel 7 consists of a working chamber 71, an iliac bone clearance chamber 72, and fixing wings 73. During use, the iliac bone is first exposed, and the positioning channel 7 is placed on the exposed iliac bone. The working chamber 71 is aligned with the bone harvesting position, and the iliac bone clearance chamber 72 is fitted against the iliac bone. At this time, the fixing wings 73 are fixed to both sides of the iliac bone, providing stable support. The working chamber 71 is elliptical, providing sufficient field of vision during bone harvesting. Different positions of the working chamber 71 allow for the harvesting of bone fragments from different locations. When the working chamber 71 is positioned at the top, it is mainly used for harvesting bone from the top of the iliac bone downwards. When the working chamber 71 is positioned on one side of the fixing wing 73, bone can be harvested from the inner plate of the iliac bone, preserving part of the outer edge of the iliac bone and maintaining the integrity of the iliac bone outline. Simultaneously, the fixing wing 73 on the other side protects the muscle tissue, preventing damage to the tissue on the other side during bone harvesting.

[0018] like Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figure 4, the trephine bone harvester 2 consists of a bone harvesting component 21, a closing component 22, a quick-release head 23, a rotating pin 24, a handle fixing pin 25, and a torsion spring 26. During the procedure, it can be used in conjunction with the positioning channel 7 or the locator 1. When used with the locator 1, the bone harvesting component 21 on the trephine bone harvester 2 is first inserted along the bone harvesting hole 13 on the locator 1. Since the outer diameter of the bone harvesting component 21 is the same as the inner diameter of the bone harvesting hole 13 on the locator 1, the trephine bone harvester 2 is effectively guided. Then, the handle 23 is rotated to drive the bone harvesting component 21. Because the bone harvesting component 21 has serrations 211, it can complete the circumferential cutting of the bone fragment. As the cutting extends into the bone harvesting component 21, more and more bone fragments are inserted. However, because the bone harvesting component 21 is equipped with an inner baffle... 212 can cooperate with the outer baffle 222 on the closure 22 to form a bone extraction cavity, which can ensure that the bone is not lost. When a sufficient amount of bone is obtained, the amount of bone to be extracted is determined by the viewing window 214 and the scale 213. The handle 23 is rotated outward to drive the ring saw bone extractor 2 and the bone block to be pulled out. Then, the button 221 is pressed to make the closure 22 rotate along the rotating pin 24. The inner baffle 212 on the bone extractor 21 can be separated from the outer baffle 222 on the closure 22, and the bone block is taken out. When used in conjunction with the positioning channel 7, the ring saw bone extractor 2 can directly perform ring cutting and bone extraction within the working cavity 71 formed by the positioning channel 7. In addition, the quick-release head 25 can be used in conjunction with the quick-release handle or power. The solution is suitable for taking complete bone blocks.

[0019] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the spiral bone harvester 4 has a quick-connect interface 415, which can be used with a power source or a quick-connect handle. Before the operation, different instruments (positioner 1 or positioning channel 7) need to be selected depending on the bone harvesting site. When used with positioner 1, first connect the quick-connect handle or power source to the quick-connect interface 45 on the spiral bone harvester 4, then connect the spiral bone harvester 4 to the bone harvesting hole 13 on positioner 1. Press down and rotate the quick-connect handle clockwise or start the power source to insert the positioning pin 41 into the bone harvesting position. The transverse cutting blade 42 on the spiral bone harvester 4 can perform transverse cutting of the bone fragment during rotation. The longitudinal cutting blade 42 on the spiral bone harvester 4... During rotation, the cutting blade 43 can longitudinally cut the bone block. The combination of transverse and longitudinal blades can separate the bone block. Simultaneously, the spiral lifting structure 44 spirals the cut bone block into the storage cavity 46, completing the bone harvesting. When used in conjunction with the positioning channel 7, the spiral bone harvester 4 directly harvests bone within the working cavity 71 formed by the positioning channel 7. During bone harvesting, the positioning pin 41 on the spiral bone harvester 4 is close to the bone harvesting site for positioning. Then, the quick-release handle is rotated or the power is started, and the bone block is harvested along the direction of the positioning pin 41. Because the spiral bone harvester 4 is equipped with a transparent but closed depth window 417 and a corresponding scale 418, the amount of bone harvested can be visually observed during the operation. This method is suitable for obtaining medium-sized bone blocks.

[0020] like Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figure 8, when the circumferential bone harvester 5 is used in conjunction with the locator 1, the outer wall of the circumferential bone harvester 5 engages with the bone harvesting hole 13 on the locator 1. The circumferential bone harvester 5 is internally equipped with an angled cutting blade 52. The cutting blade 52 has a centrally symmetrical structure, forming a spiral cutting edge. The cutting edge is beveled for a sharp structure, facilitating transverse cutting. Cutting teeth 53 are arranged around the circumferential bone harvester 5 to perform circumferential cutting and severing of the bone tissue. The circumferential bone harvester 5 is connected to a power source via a quick-connect interface 54. Alternatively, with the quick-release handle, the circumferential bone harvester 5 is rotated clockwise to cut, ultimately retaining the cut bone fragment within the circumferential cutter, thus completing the bone harvesting process. When the circumferential bone harvester 5 is used in conjunction with the positioning channel 7, the circumferential bone harvester 5 harvests bone within the working cavity 71 formed by the positioning channel 7. Due to the wide exposure area of ​​the working cavity 71, multiple bone harvests can be performed. The circumferential bone harvester 5 is equipped with a transparent but enclosed transparent display groove 56 and a scale 55 on one side to facilitate determining the amount of bone harvested. This method is suitable for harvesting medium-sized bone fragments.

[0021] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 9 and 1, the spiral lifting bone harvester 6 consists of three parts: a spiral tube 61, a storage cover 62, and a bone harvesting rod 63. When used in conjunction with the locator 1, the spiral tube 611 on the spiral tube 61 is inserted into the bone harvesting hole 13 on the locator 1, and then the bone harvesting rod 63 is inserted along the inner diameter of the spiral tube 61. The maximum diameter of the spiral structure 632 on the bone harvesting rod 63 is the same as the inner diameter of the spiral tube 61. After that, the storage cover is closed, and the interface 633 on the bone harvesting rod 63 is connected to the quick-release handle or power source. The interface 633 on the bone harvesting rod 63 passes through the clearance hole 622 on the spiral tube 61, and the interface 633 can be externally connected to a power source. The device uses a power or quick-release handle. When in use, hold the outer wall of the storage cavity 612 with one hand and rotate the bone-retrieving rod clockwise. The bone fragment is lifted into the storage cavity 612 by the spiral structure 632. After bone retrieval, release the power or handle, remove the storage cover 62, and pour out the bone fragment. When used in conjunction with the positioning channel 7, the spiral-lifting bone retrieval device 6 retrieves bone within the working cavity 71 formed by the positioning channel 7. The positioning part 631 on the bone-retrieving rod 63 positions the bone at the retrieval site, and the spiral-lifting bone retrieval device 6 retrieves bone along the direction of the positioning part 631. The storage cavity 612 has a transparent but closed depth-indicating window 631 and graduations 623 for observing the amount of bone fragments retrieved by the bone retrieval device. This method is suitable for obtaining bone fragments.

[0022] like Figure 1 , 2The bone harvesting chamber 8 shown in Figure 13 consists of a chamber body 81 and a cover 82. Before surgery, the mounting groove 822 on the cover 82 is matched with the protrusion 816 on the chamber body 81, and the cover 82 is rotated clockwise to ensure that the chamber body 81 and the cover 82 are integrated into a whole. Then, the quick-release head 821 is matched with the quick-release handle or power. When used with the locator 1, the chamber body 81 can be placed into the bone harvesting hole 13 on the locator 1, and positioned at the bone harvesting site by the head positioning cone 811. The bone harvesting chamber 8 is rotated clockwise, and the bottom cutting edge 812 cuts the bone block at the contact position. Since the straight section of the bottom cutting edge 812 is a sharp blade, it can effectively cut bone and perform irregular cutting. The blade 817, located at the junction of the bottom and the side wall, is also equipped with a sharp cutting edge, which can cut the edges and side walls to facilitate deep cutting. The side cutting blade 813 has the same structure as the bottom cutting blade 812 and is mainly used to cut bone fragments on the side. When used in conjunction with the positioning channel 7, the bone retrieval chamber 8 retrieves bone within the working cavity 71 formed by the positioning channel 7. The positioning cone 811 on the chamber body 81 positions the bone retrieval site, and the bone retrieval chamber 8 retrieves bone along the direction of the positioning cone 811. The chamber body 81 is provided with a depth indicator groove 814 and a scale line 815 for observing the amount of bone retrieved. The depth indicator groove 814 is supported by a transparent material, which can form a closed seal on the chamber body 81 to prevent bone fragment leakage.

[0023] like Figure 5 , 12 As shown, the bone scraper 3 is mainly used to scrape bone fragments from the side walls of the channel formed after bone removal by the above tools. It is suitable for making bone paste. When removing bone, the cutting blade 311 on its working end 31 is close to the inner or outer wall of the channel, and the cancellous bone is scraped off. The scraped bone fragments will remain in the three storage cavities 312. The bone scraper 3 is then removed, and the bone fragments are taken out from the storage cavities 312. This method is suitable for obtaining relatively fine bone fragments.

Claims

1. An autologous bone harvesting device, characterized in that: It includes a bone harvesting device, a locator, and a positioning channel that work together. The bone harvesting device includes a trephine bone harvester, a spiral bone harvester, a circumferential bone harvester, a spiral lifting bone harvester, and a bone harvesting chamber. The locator includes a fixing pin, a cutting blade, a percussion table, and a bone harvesting hole. There are three fixing pins, which are composed of a conical triangular pyramid and are evenly distributed on the bottom edge of the locator. The central cutting blade is located on the bottom surface of the locator and is annular. The cutting edge is higher than the plane where the tip of the fixing pin is located and cooperates with the fixing pin to form a stable channel. The bone harvesting hole can be used with the bone harvesting device. The positioning channel includes a working cavity, an iliac bone avoidance cavity, and a fixation wing. The working cavity has an elliptical exposure structure. There are two types of positioning channels: one where the working cavity is located at the top of the positioning channel, which facilitates bone harvesting from the edge of the iliac bone in conjunction with the bone harvesting device; and another where the working cavity is located on one side of the positioning channel, which facilitates bone harvesting from one side of the iliac bone in conjunction with the bone harvesting device. The iliac bone avoidance cavity and the fixation wing fit the iliac bone during the operation.

2. The autologous bone harvester as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ring saw bone harvester includes a bone harvesting component and a closing component that cooperate with each other. The bottom end of the bone harvesting component has several annular saw teeth arranged along the bone harvesting component and cooperating with the locator and the positioning channel. The inner side of the top end of the bone harvesting component is provided with an inner baffle that cooperates with the closing component. The top end of the bone harvesting component is provided with a torsion spring that is hinged to the closing component. The bone harvesting component and the closing component are connected by a rotating pin hinge. The body of the bone harvesting component has a hollow structure that cooperates with the closing component to form a complete cavity. Scales are marked along the axial direction of the body of the bone harvesting component.

3. The autologous bone harvester as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom end of the closure has an outer baffle that mates with the inner baffle of the bone retrieval piece. The top end of the closure has a protruding button, and the top end of the bone retrieval piece has a protruding handle fixing pin that mates with the handle.

4. The autologous bone harvester as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral bone harvester includes a positioning pin, a cutting blade, a spiral lifting structure, a scale, a depth window, and a storage cavity. The positioning pin is located at the bottom of the spiral bone harvester and is made of a cone. The cutting blade includes a transverse cutting blade and a longitudinal cutting blade that are perpendicular to each other. The cutting blade cooperates with the positioning cutting blade. The transverse cutting blade and the longitudinal cutting blade together form the spiral lifting structure. The body of the positioning pin extends axially through the inside of the storage cavity. The storage cavity has a depth window that is axially opened. The scale is marked along the axial direction of the depth window. The top of the spiral bone harvester has a quick-release interface that cooperates with the handle.

5. The autologous bone harvester as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The circumferential bone harvester includes a positioning pin, a cutting blade, cutting teeth, a transparent display groove, and an extension rod. The positioning pin is located at the bottom of the circumferential bone harvester and is made of a cone. The cutting blade is arranged laterally along the circumferential bone harvester. The cutting blade and the cutting teeth cooperate with the positioning device and the positioning channel. A transparent display groove is provided along the axial direction of the body of the circumferential bone harvester, and the scale is marked along the axial direction of the transparent display groove. An extension rod that cooperates with the handle is provided protruding from the top of the circumferential bone harvester.

6. The autologous bone harvester as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The positioning pin penetrates the center of the hollow body of the ring saw bone harvester, and the positioning pin penetrates along the axial direction of the hollow body of the ring saw bone harvester.

7. The autologous bone harvester as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral lifting bone harvester includes a bone harvesting rod, a storage cavity, and a spiral tube. The bottom of the bone harvesting rod is provided with a positioning part, which is composed of a cone. The top of the bone harvesting rod is provided with an interface, which cooperates with the handle. The body of the bone harvesting rod is provided with a threaded structure.

8. The autologous bone harvester as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The storage cavity is provided with a storage cover at the top, and the storage cover has a clearance hole at the top. The bone retrieval rod passes through the clearance hole, and a depth indicator window is provided along the axial direction of the storage cavity. The depth indicator window is marked with a scale.

9. The autologous bone harvester as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The spiral tube has a threaded structure inside, which cooperates with the threaded structure of the bone harvesting rod, and a spiral channel is formed between the spiral tube and the bone harvesting rod.

10. The autologous bone harvester as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bone retrieval chamber includes a chamber body and a cover. The bottom of the chamber body has a protruding positioning cone, which is made of a cone. Bottom cutting edges are respectively opened at the horizontal and vertical positions of the positioning cone. Side cutting edges are opened on the side of the chamber body. The side cutting edges are evenly distributed on the side of the chamber body. A depth indicator groove is opened along the axial side of the chamber body. The depth indicator groove is marked with scale lines. A protrusion is provided on the top of the chamber body.

11. The autologous bone harvester as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that: The bottom of the cover is provided with an assembly groove, which mates with the other assembly groove. The top of the cover is provided with a quick-release head that mates with the handle.

12. A bone scraper, characterized in that: It includes a working end, a fixed rod, and a handle that cooperate with each other. The working end is composed of arc-shaped cutting blades arranged side by side, and the center of the cutting blades forms a storage cavity. The top of the working end is welded to the bottom of the fixed rod, and the fixed rod cooperates with the handle.

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