Laser welding device based on centrifugal force and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser machining, in particular to a laser welding device based on centrifugal force and a control method. A main shaft unit serves as a supporting main frame of the laser welding device based on centrifugal force, a first sliding rail telescopic unit is connected with a first bearing unit through a first sliding block, a stepping motor in the main shaft unit rotates to drive a sliding rail and the first bearing unit to rotate around a main shaft, and therefore the centrifugal force is generated; the main shaft support guides the first bearing unit, so that the first laser emitting unit accurately welds the to-be-welded part. The controllable centrifugal force field can be generated, the liquidity and the solidification process of the molten pool are fundamentally improved, high-quality and low-defect laser welding is achieved under the condition that complex external equipment is not needed, and meanwhile the process stability and economical efficiency are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular to an apparatus and control method for laser welding based on centrifugal force. Background Technology

[0002] Laser welding, as a high-precision manufacturing technology, is an advanced manufacturing technique for material removal, joining, or forming. It mainly includes laser welding, additive manufacturing, and cladding processes. However, existing laser welding techniques suffer from insufficient molten pool fluidity, difficulty in controlling the solidification process, and a tendency to produce inherent defects such as porosity, cracks, and component segregation, severely impacting the mechanical properties and service life of the weld. Furthermore, existing technologies for improving weld quality (such as ultrasonic vibration and electromagnetic stirring) require complex external equipment and energy systems, leading to complex process systems, high equipment costs, and difficult maintenance. Even so, ultrasonic vibration suffers from low energy coupling efficiency or limited depth of action; electromagnetic stirring is only applicable to magnetic materials, limiting its application range; and traditional methods struggle to simultaneously achieve active molten pool control and weld formation control.

[0003] In summary, the technical problems existing in the relevant technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to propose a device and control method for laser welding based on centrifugal force, which can generate a controllable centrifugal force field, fundamentally improve the fluidity of the molten pool and the solidification process, and achieve high-quality, low-defect laser welding without the need for complex external equipment, while ensuring process stability and economy.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, one aspect of this application provides an apparatus for laser welding based on centrifugal force, the apparatus comprising: A spindle unit includes a stepper motor, a control panel, a brake shaft, a spindle, and a slide rail. The brake shaft is located inside the spindle. The stepper motor is fixedly connected to the slide rail via the brake shaft. The stepper motor is also connected to the control panel via communication. One end of the spindle is fixedly connected to the control panel, and the other end of the spindle is movably connected to the slide rail. A spindle support is fixedly connected to the spindle, and a positioning pin is provided on the spindle support; A first slide rail telescopic unit is disposed inside the slide rail, one end of the first slide rail telescopic unit is connected to the slide rail, and the first slide rail telescopic unit is used to control the distance between the welding area and the brake shaft. The first slider is fixedly connected to the other end of the first slide rail telescopic unit; A first bearing unit is disposed on one side of the slide rail; the first bearing unit includes a worktable, a linear groove, and a clamping unit; the worktable is connected to the other end of the first slider; the upper part of the worktable is movably connected to the clamping unit; the linear groove includes a first linear groove and a second linear groove, one side of the first linear groove and the second linear groove are respectively fixedly connected to the lower part of the worktable, the first linear groove and the second linear groove are parallel to each other and the distance between them is the same as the diameter of the positioning pin; The first laser emitting unit includes a laser head, a laser head support, and a sensing subunit. The laser head support is fixedly connected to the laser head, and the sensing subunit is used to obtain the positions of the start and end points of the welding area. The controller is communicatively connected to the stepper motor, the control panel, the sensing subunit, and the laser head.

[0006] In some embodiments, the locating pin includes a first pin body, a second pin body, a third pin body, and a plurality of cylindrical rollers; One end of each of the cylindrical rollers is connected to the second pin, and the other end of each of the cylindrical rollers is connected to the third pin. The other end of the second pin is fixedly connected to the first pin. The second pin, the third pin, and the cylindrical rollers are used to guide the straight groove. The first pin is used for movable connection with the spindle support.

[0007] In some embodiments, the third pin may be conical in shape; The first linear guide and the second linear groove are provided with chamfers on both sides in the vertical direction. The chamfers are used to allow the linear groove to withstand the contact impact of the positioning pin and to facilitate the positioning pin to enter the gap between the first linear guide and the second linear groove during the guiding process.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first slide rail telescopic unit includes an electric telescopic rod base, an electric telescopic rod, and a spring; One end of the electric telescopic rod base is fixedly connected to the first slider, and the other end of the electric telescopic rod base is fixedly connected to one end of the electric telescopic rod. The other end of the electric telescopic rod is connected to one end of the spring; The electric telescopic rod base, the electric telescopic rod, and the spring are all disposed inside the slide rail, and the other end of the spring is connected to one side of the brake shaft inside the slide rail.

[0009] In some embodiments, the spindle support is provided with a plurality of positioning holes; Each of the positioning holes is used to connect with the positioning pin.

[0010] In some embodiments, the worktable is provided with a plurality of clamping holes; The clamping unit includes a first clamp, a second clamp, a first fixing rod, and a second fixing rod; the first clamp is connected to the worktable via the first fixing rod, and the second clamp is connected to the worktable via the second fixing rod.

[0011] In some embodiments, it further includes a second bearing unit, a second slide rail telescopic unit, a second slider, and a second laser emitting unit; The second slide rail telescopic unit is disposed on the other side inside the second slide rail, and the second slide rail telescopic unit is symmetrical to the first slide rail telescopic unit. The second support unit is disposed on the other side of the second slide rail. The second support unit is connected to the second slide rail telescopic unit through the second slider, and the second support unit is symmetrical to the first support unit in position. The second laser emitting unit is disposed above the second support unit. The second bearing unit, the second slide rail telescopic unit, the second slider and the second laser emitting unit have the same internal structure as the first bearing unit, the first slide rail telescopic unit, the first slider and the first laser emitting unit.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application proposes a control method for laser welding based on centrifugal force, the method comprising the following steps: The device for centrifugal laser welding described above is activated, and the workpiece to be welded is fixed on the worktable by the clamping unit. The operator sets the speed of the stepper motor and the parameters of the welding area through the control panel, and fixes the positioning pin on the spindle bracket; The first slide rail telescopic unit adjusts the telescopic amount according to the parameters of the welding area; the controller obtains the start and end points of the welding area through the sensing subunit. The controller controls the stepper motor to start rotating according to the set speed, and the first laser emitting unit performs welding according to the obtained start and end points of the welding area; When the first laser emitting unit completes welding, the stepper motor stops rotating, and the centrifugal force-based laser welding device is turned off.

[0013] In some embodiments, the operator sets the parameters of the welding area through the control panel and fixes the positioning pin to the spindle bracket, including the following steps: The staff sets the parameters of the workpiece to be welded, the solder, and the welding temperature through the control panel; The controller determines the optimal centrifugal force parameters and the optimal gear based on the parameters of the workpiece to be welded, the solder, and the welding temperature. The staff sets the position of the positioning pin on the spindle bracket according to the optimal gear.

[0014] In some embodiments, the controller determines the optimal centrifugal force parameters and optimal gear based on the acquired parameters of the workpiece to be welded, the solder, and the welding temperature, including the following steps: The controller obtains parameters of the workpiece to be welded, the solder, and the welding temperature through the control panel; The controller inputs the parameters of the workpiece to be welded, the solder, and the welding temperature into the centrifugal force molten pool mixing model for analysis, and obtains the optimal centrifugal force parameters and the optimal gear.

[0015] The embodiments of this application include at least the following beneficial effects: This application provides a device and control method for laser welding based on centrifugal force. This scheme uses a main shaft unit as the supporting frame of the centrifugal force-based laser welding device. A first slide rail telescopic unit is connected to a first bearing unit via a first slider. The rotation of a stepper motor in the main shaft unit drives the slide rail and the first bearing unit to rotate around the main shaft, thereby generating centrifugal force. The main shaft support guides the first bearing unit, enabling the first laser emitting unit to precisely weld the workpiece. The centrifugal force field generated by the rotation significantly refines the weld grains, improves compositional uniformity, and reduces the number of pores, thus significantly improving weld quality. It can precisely control the formation of straight welds and also achieve the formation of arc-shaped welds, improving process adaptability. Simultaneously, it avoids the use of complex auxiliary equipment, has a simple structure, and greatly reduces costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser welding device based on centrifugal force provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the locating pin; Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the first slide rail telescopic unit; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a worktable with clamping holes. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a dual-station laser welding device based on centrifugal force. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second slide rail telescopic unit; Figure 7This is a flowchart of a control method for laser welding based on centrifugal force provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit it. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those of this application; they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0018] It is understood that the terms “first,” “second,” etc., used in this application may be used herein to describe various concepts, but unless otherwise stated, these concepts are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one concept from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the words “if,” “when,” or “in response to a determination” as used herein may be interpreted as “when…” or “when…” or “in response to a determination.”

[0019] As used in this application, the terms "at least one", "multiple", "each", "any", etc., "at least one" includes one, two or more, "multiple" includes two or more, "each" refers to each of the corresponding multiples, and "any" refers to any one of the multiples.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0021] Before providing a detailed description of the embodiments of this application, some of the nouns and terms involved in the embodiments of this application will be explained first. The nouns and terms involved in the embodiments of this application are subject to the following interpretations.

[0022] 3D vision camera: It can collect three-dimensional point cloud data of objects, accurately locate the welding start / end point, and calculate the welding length by correlating the angle and distance with the sensor. It can be installed far away from the welding torch and is suitable for the inspection of complex welded parts.

[0023] 2D / 3D contour sensor: Based on laser triangulation, it generates weld contours, captures welding point angle information, and simultaneously detects weld width and cracks. It is compatible with multiple welding processes and can ensure detection accuracy under harsh working conditions.

[0024] Among related technologies, the laser-based high-precision advanced manufacturing technology system with laser welding as its core includes key processes such as laser welding, laser additive manufacturing, and laser cladding. Although these technologies have the advantages of high precision and high adaptability, enabling manufacturing goals such as efficient material connection, precise forming, and performance enhancement, they are limited by the rapid solidification characteristics of the molten pool during the process, and existing technologies generally face significant quality defect problems. On the one hand, rapid solidification of the molten pool prevents the protective gas and gases generated by the metallurgical reaction in the liquid metal from escaping in time, easily leading to porosity defects in the solidified weld, formed parts, or cladding layer. These pores compromise the material's density, significantly reducing the mechanical properties and service reliability of the components. On the other hand, the large temperature gradient and high cooling rate within the molten pool during rapid solidification generate intense thermal stress within the material. Simultaneously, some alloy systems are prone to forming brittle phases during rapid phase transformation, which can trigger crack defects. Cracks not only become stress concentration sources but may also propagate during subsequent service, leading to component failure. Furthermore, rapid solidification of the molten pool restricts the full diffusion and uniform distribution of alloying elements, causing significant compositional segregation. The composition of the segregated regions differs greatly from the matrix, resulting in localized performance inhomogeneity and weakening the overall strength, corrosion resistance, and other key properties of the components.

[0025] In view of this, this application proposes to introduce a centrifugal force field as a process aid in laser processing. On the one hand, centrifugal force can drive the molten pool to generate a strong flow effect, which can effectively promote the tight bonding between dissimilar materials or materials of unequal thickness, and improve the bonding strength and tightness of the interface between base materials of different materials and thicknesses. On the other hand, as a strong volume force, centrifugal force can drive the entire molten pool to form intense forced convection, breaking the distribution limitations of alloying elements in the molten pool, allowing the chemical composition of the weld area to achieve more complete diffusion and fusion, and significantly improving the uniformity of composition distribution. This makes the centrifugal force field an effective way to make up for the shortcomings of traditional laser welding processes and significantly improve the overall quality of laser welding.

[0026] This application provides a device for laser welding based on centrifugal force, such as... Figure 1As shown, the system includes a spindle unit, a spindle support 210, a first slide rail telescopic unit, a first slider 400, a first load-bearing unit, a first laser emitting unit, and a controller. The spindle unit includes a stepper motor (not shown), a control panel 110, a brake shaft (not shown), a spindle 120, and a slide rail 130. The brake shaft is located inside the spindle, and the stepper motor is fixedly connected to the slide rail via the brake shaft. The stepper motor and the control panel are connected via communication. One end of the spindle is fixedly connected to the control panel, and the other end is movably connected to the slide rail. The spindle support is fixedly connected to the spindle, and a positioning pin 220 is provided on the spindle support. The first slide rail telescopic unit is located inside the slide rail, with one end connected to the slide rail. The first slide rail telescopic unit is used to control the distance between the welding area and the brake shaft. The first slider is fixedly connected to the other end of the first slide rail telescopic unit. The first load-bearing unit is located on one side of the slide rail. The first bearing unit includes a worktable 510, a linear groove, and a clamping unit 530. The worktable is connected to the other end of the first slider. The upper part of the worktable is movably connected to the clamping unit. The linear groove includes a first linear groove 521 and a second linear groove 522. One side of the first linear groove and the second linear groove are fixedly connected to the lower part of the worktable, respectively. The first linear groove and the second linear groove are parallel to each other and the distance between them is the same as the diameter of the positioning pin. The first laser emitting unit includes a laser head 610, a laser head bracket (not shown in the figure), and a sensing subunit (not shown in the figure). The laser head bracket is fixedly connected to the laser head, and the sensing subunit is used to obtain the starting and ending positions of the welding area. The controller is communicatively connected to the stepper motor, the control panel, the sensing subunit, and the laser head.

[0027] Specifically, the overall structure of the laser welding centrifuge is centered on the main spindle unit, which not only bears the load and provides positioning for the entire device but also provides the power source for centrifugal force. The main spindle unit integrates key components such as a stepper motor, control panel, brake shaft, main spindle, and slide rail. These components work together to achieve power output, motion control, and structural connection: the brake shaft is built into the main spindle, and the stepper motor is fixedly connected to the slide rail via the brake shaft, thus transmitting power to the slide rail; a communication connection is established between the stepper motor and the control panel, allowing for precise control of the stepper motor's speed and start / stop status; one end of the main spindle is fixed to the control panel, while the other end is movably connected to the slide rail, ensuring both the flexibility of the slide rail's rotation with the stepper motor and the stability of the overall structure. Furthermore, a positioning pin is installed on the main spindle support fixedly connected to the main spindle. This positioning pin, in conjunction with the structure of the first load-bearing unit, provides precise guidance, ensuring the positioning accuracy of laser welding. The stepper motor is preferably adjustable within the range of 50-1500 rpm. This ensures sufficient centrifugal force to improve weld quality while maintaining system stability and safety. The rotation angle can also be calculated by multiplying the pulse count by the step angle. The slide rail is a linear guide or precision optical shaft, with internal circulating balls or rollers on the slider to achieve high-precision, low-friction radial sliding. The control panel includes a speed control unit and a gear selection unit. The speed control unit precisely sets and adjusts the stepper motor's rotation speed, with a control range of 50-1500 rpm, based on the centrifugal force formula. This allows for precise control of the centrifugal force field intensity acting on the molten pool. The gear selection unit has four preset working gears, each corresponding to a pre-calibrated extension position of the electric telescopic rod. This position determines the initial radial position of the slider on the slide rail, thereby changing the circumferential phase angle at which the positioning pin engages with the linear groove and the laser beam is emitted. The control panel can precisely adjust the motor speed, thereby controlling the magnitude of the centrifugal force and the slider's movement speed to adapt to different welding process requirements.

[0028] The centrifugal force adjustment and workpiece bearing function of the device are achieved collaboratively by the first slide rail telescopic unit, the first slider, and the first bearing unit. The first slide rail telescopic unit is built into the slide rail, with one end connected to the slide rail body. Its core function is to control the distance between the welding area and the brake shaft through its telescopic movement, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the centrifugal force. The first slider is fixedly connected to the other end of the first slide rail telescopic unit, becoming the transmission hub connecting the slide rail telescopic unit and the bearing unit. The first bearing unit is installed on one side of the slide rail and is connected to the other end of the first slider. It specifically includes a worktable, a linear groove, and a clamping unit: the worktable serves as the direct bearing body for the workpiece, and its upper part is movably connected to the clamping unit, which can stably clamp workpieces of different specifications. A linear groove is fixedly connected below the worktable. This linear groove consists of a first groove and a second groove, which are kept parallel to each other. The distance between the two grooves is consistent with the diameter of the positioning pin on the main shaft support. When the main shaft drives the bearing unit to rotate, the positioning pin can be embedded in the groove to accurately guide the first bearing unit and prevent the bearing unit from shifting.

[0029] The welding execution and intelligent control functions of the device are jointly performed by the first laser emitting unit and the controller. The first laser emitting unit is equipped with a laser head, a laser head support, and a sensing subunit. The laser head and the laser head support are fixedly connected, allowing for stable mounting and fine-tuning of the laser head's angle. The core function of the sensing subunit is to acquire the start and end positions of the welding area in real time, providing data support for welding path planning and precise welding. The controller, as the control center of the entire device, establishes communication connections with the stepper motor, control panel, sensing subunit, and laser head. It integrates the position data collected by the sensing subunit, synchronously adjusts the rotation speed of the stepper motor to match the required centrifugal force, enables visual adjustment of parameters through the control panel, and precisely controls the start / stop and power output of the laser head. Ultimately, this ensures that the first laser emitting unit can accurately complete high-quality welding of the workpiece under the action of the centrifugal force field.

[0030] The entire rotating assembly (including the spindle, slide rails, worktable, etc.) needs to be dynamically balanced after assembly to ensure stability during high-speed rotation. The balance grade should be no lower than G6.3.

[0031] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the positioning pin includes a first pin 221, a second pin 222, a third pin 223, and a plurality of cylindrical rollers 224; one end of the plurality of cylindrical rollers is connected to the second pin, the other end of the plurality of cylindrical rollers is connected to the third pin, and the other end of the second pin is fixedly connected to the first pin. The second pin, the third pin, and the plurality of cylindrical rollers are used to guide the straight groove; the first pin is used to be movably connected to the spindle support.

[0032] The third pin has a conical shape; the vertical sides of the first linear actuator and the second linear groove are chamfered, which is used to withstand the contact impact of the positioning pin in the linear groove and facilitates the positioning pin entering the gap between the first linear actuator and the second linear groove during the guiding process.

[0033] Specifically, the positioning pin in the centrifugal force-based laser welding device utilizes a multi-component collaborative structure design to achieve precise guidance and stable contact with the straight groove. The device comprises a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, and multiple cylindrical rollers, each with a clearly defined function and tight connection. The multiple cylindrical rollers serve as the core guiding components, connecting at one end to the second pin and at the other end to the third pin, forming a flexibly adaptable rolling guiding structure. The second and third pins, together with these cylindrical rollers, constitute the guiding functional module of the positioning pin, embedding itself into the straight groove to complete the guiding action during device operation. The first pin serves a connecting function, with one end fixed to the second pin and the other end movably connected to the main shaft support, ensuring both the overall installation flexibility of the positioning pin and providing stable support for the guiding module. To further optimize the guiding effect and structural adaptability, the third pin of the locating pin can be designed in a conical shape. Combined with targeted structural improvements to the straight groove, efficient guiding is achieved. Chamfers are machined on both sides of the first and second straight grooves in the vertical direction. These chamfers not only effectively buffer the contact impact when the locating pin is inserted, reducing structural wear, but also guide the conical third pin in the initial guiding stage, facilitating the precise entry of the locating pin into the gap between the first and second straight grooves. This ensures that the locating pin and the straight groove quickly adapt and stably perform their guiding function, providing reliable assurance for the smooth rotation of the first load-bearing unit and the precise positioning of laser welding. The cylindrical rollers are made of high-carbon chromium bearing steel with a surface hardness of not less than HRC60, changing the contact between them and the straight groove from sliding friction to rolling friction. The contact stress σ_max between the cylindrical rollers and the straight groove liner satisfies the formula: ; Where F_c represents the centrifugal force at the contact point, E represents the equivalent elastic modulus, and b represents the contact width. This represents the equivalent radius of curvature.

[0034] Straight grooves can use wear-resistant copper alloys (such as aluminum bronze QAl9-4) as insert plates, which can embed tiny abrasive particles and are also excellent self-lubricating materials, effectively reducing wear between the straight groove and the locating pin and cylindrical roller, thus playing a protective role.

[0035] By adjusting the installation position of the locating pins, the position of the linear welding trajectory can be changed to adapt to the welding requirements of different workpieces. Simultaneously, the corresponding setting needs to be adjusted on the control panel to change the extension / retraction amount of the electric telescopic rod. The correspondence between the preset position of the electric telescopic rod and the welding trajectory satisfies the following geometric relationship: ; in: The preset position of the electric telescopic rod corresponding to the i-th gear is the radial distance from the initial position of the slider to the rotation center. R is the fixed installation radius of the positioning pin, that is, the distance from the positioning pin to the rotation center (spindle). The laser welding start phase angle set for the i-th gear.

[0036] This embodiment can also automatically trigger the laser welding program when the positioning pin is aligned with the linear groove by detecting the spindle rotation angle, thereby achieving automated control of the welding process.

[0037] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first slide rail telescopic unit includes an electric telescopic rod base 310, an electric telescopic rod 320, and a spring 330. One end of the electric telescopic rod base is fixedly connected to the first slider, and the other end of the electric telescopic rod base is fixedly connected to one end of the electric telescopic rod. The other end of the electric telescopic rod is connected to one end of the spring. The electric telescopic rod base, the electric telescopic rod, and the spring are all disposed inside the slide rail, and the other end of the spring is connected to one side of the internal brake shaft of the slide rail. The main shaft bracket is provided with multiple positioning holes; each positioning hole is used to connect with a positioning pin.

[0038] Specifically, in this laser welding centrifugal device, the first slide rail telescopic unit consists of an electric telescopic rod base, an electric telescopic rod, and a spring, all three core components being built into the slide rail. One end of the electric telescopic rod base is fixedly connected to the first slider, enabling power and structural linkage between the telescopic unit and the load-bearing unit. The other end is securely connected to one end of the electric telescopic rod, providing support for its telescopic movement. The other end of the electric telescopic rod is connected to one end of the spring, which in turn connects to one side of the brake shaft inside the slide rail. The spring's elasticity buffers and resets the telescopic stroke of the electric telescopic rod, while also assisting in adjusting the distance between the welding area and the brake shaft, thus precisely controlling the magnitude of the centrifugal force. Simultaneously, multiple positioning holes are added to the main shaft support of the device. Each positioning hole can be fitted with a positioning pin. By embedding the positioning pin into different positioning holes, the guiding position of the first load-bearing unit can be flexibly adjusted. Combined with the distance adjustment function of the first slide rail telescopic unit, this further improves the accuracy of the welding position of the first laser emitting unit on the workpiece, ensuring the stability and reliability of laser welding under centrifugal force.

[0039] The electric telescopic rod base can be an integral casting or welded structure, made of QT450 ductile iron or Q235A steel. Its connection interface with the slide rail body is equipped with a positioning stop and reinforcing ribs, and is fixed with at least four high-strength bolts to ensure connection rigidity and stability under reciprocating impact loads. The spring can be a stainless steel tension spring with an elastic modulus in the range of 200-800 N / m, providing sufficient restoring force to the slider without excessively hindering its movement under centrifugal force. Its elastic modulus k should satisfy the following relationship: ; Where: m is the total mass of the slider, worktable, and workpiece. The maximum operating angular velocity set for the system. This is the maximum thrust of the electric telescopic pole. This represents the maximum working stroke of the slider.

[0040] The preload of the spring is adjustable. By adjusting the initial length of the spring, the return force of the slider can be changed to adapt to different speed conditions.

[0041] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the worktable 510 is provided with multiple clamping holes 511; the clamping unit includes a first clamp, a second clamp, a first fixing rod and a second fixing rod; the first clamp is connected to the worktable through the first fixing rod, and the second clamp is connected to the worktable through the second fixing rod.

[0042] Specifically, the worktable surface of the centrifugal laser welding device is provided with multiple clamping holes, providing a flexible assembly basis for the clamping unit. The clamping unit consists of a first clamp, a second clamp, a first fixing rod, and a second fixing rod. During assembly, one end of the first fixing rod can be fitted into clamping holes at different positions, while the other end is connected to the first clamp. Similarly, the second fixing rod connects the second clamp to the worktable, thus enabling adjustable clamp positions on the worktable. This structure allows for flexible adjustment of the distance between the two clamps and the fixing points according to the size and shape of the workpiece. Through the coordinated clamping of the two clamps, the stability of the workpiece during centrifugal rotation and laser welding is significantly improved, preventing the workpiece from shifting during slide rail rotation and affecting welding accuracy.

[0043] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, it also includes a second supporting unit 710, a second slide rail telescopic unit 740, a second slider 730, and a second laser emitting unit; the second slide rail telescopic unit is disposed on the other side inside the second slide rail 720, and the second slide rail telescopic unit is symmetrical to the first slide rail telescopic unit; the second supporting unit is disposed on one side of the second slide rail, and the second supporting unit is connected to the second slide rail telescopic unit through the second slider, and the second supporting unit is symmetrical to the first supporting unit; a second laser emitting unit is disposed above the second supporting unit; the internal structure of the second supporting unit, the second slide rail telescopic unit, the second slider, and the second laser emitting unit is the same as that of the first supporting unit, the first slide rail telescopic unit, the first slider, and the first laser emitting unit. Specifically, the centrifugal force-based laser welding device, based on the original first set of working units, adds a second support unit, a second slide rail telescopic unit, a second slider, and a second laser emitting unit, whose internal structures are completely identical to those of the first support unit, the first slide rail telescopic unit, the first slider, the first laser emitting unit, and the main spindle support. The two sets of units are symmetrically arranged around the main spindle. The second slide rail telescopic unit is also built into the second slide rail. One end is connected to the second slide rail to adjust the distance between the welding area and the brake shaft, while the other end is fixedly connected to the second support unit via the second slider. The worktable, linear groove, and clamping unit included in the second support unit are identical to those of the first support unit in terms of structural specifications and connection methods. The linear groove under its worktable can also be adapted to the positioning pin on the main spindle support, achieving precise guidance of the second support unit. The laser head, laser head support, and sensing subunit of the second laser emitting unit also have the same functions as the first laser emitting unit, enabling the acquisition of the start and end positions of the second welding area and precise welding. The design of the two sets of symmetrical units not only allows the spindle to maintain force balance during rotation, avoiding rotational deviation and equipment wear caused by unilateral load, but also allows two workpieces to be welded simultaneously. Under the stable drive of the centrifugal force field, parallel processing at two stations can be achieved, which greatly improves the overall efficiency of laser welding. At the same time, the controller can also establish communication connections with the relevant components of the second set of units to achieve coordinated control of the magnitude of centrifugal force, welding path and laser emission status at both stations, ensuring the consistency and stability of welding quality at both stations.

[0044] Figure 7 This is an optional flowchart of the control method for laser welding based on centrifugal force provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 The method may include, but is not limited to, steps S701 to S705.

[0045] Step S701: Determine that the aforementioned centrifugal force-based laser welding device is turned on, and fix the workpiece to be welded on the worktable using the clamping unit; In step S702, the operator sets the stepper motor speed and welding area parameters through the control panel and fixes the positioning pin on the spindle bracket. In step S703, the first slide rail telescopic unit adjusts the telescopic amount according to the parameters of the welding area; the controller obtains the start and end points of the welding area through the sensing subunit. In step S704, the controller controls the stepper motor to start rotating according to the set speed, and the first laser emitting unit performs welding according to the start and end points of the welding area. Step S705: When the first laser emitting unit completes welding, the stepper motor stops rotating and the centrifugal force-based laser welding device is turned off.

[0046] Specifically, in step S701, before carrying out the centrifugal force-based laser welding operation, the device must first be started and the workpiece to be welded must be fixed. After confirming that all components of the device are in normal condition, the operator turns on the centrifugal force-based laser welding device, and then accurately places the workpiece to be welded on the worktable of the first bearing unit. The workpiece is then firmly clamped by the clamping unit on the worktable to ensure that the workpiece will not shift during the subsequent centrifugal rotation and welding process, thus providing a basic guarantee for welding accuracy.

[0047] In step S702, during the parameter preset stage of the centrifugal force-based laser welding device, the operator must first input basic data through the device's control panel, considering core process parameters such as the material of the workpiece, solder characteristics, and welding temperature. The controller then simultaneously retrieves these key parameters from the control panel. To ensure optimal mixing of the molten pool within the centrifugal force field, the controller inputs parameters such as the density and melting point of the workpiece, the viscosity and alloy composition of the solder, the welding temperature distribution, and the high-temperature holding time into a pre-constructed centrifugal force molten pool mixing model for professional analysis. The centrifugal force molten pool mixing model is a professional simulation model combining welding thermodynamics and fluid dynamics. It integrates core parameters such as the material characteristics of the workpiece, solder composition, and welding temperature to simulate the movement of liquid metal, alloying elements, and gaseous impurities within the molten pool under the action of a centrifugal force field. This model calculates the influence of the magnitude and direction of centrifugal force on the molten pool stirring intensity, component diffusion rate, and bubble escape efficiency, quantifying the molten pool uniformity and defect risk under different centrifugal force parameters and levels. Ultimately, it outputs the optimal centrifugal force parameters and levels to ensure the metallurgical bonding performance of the weld.

[0048] After the controller outputs the optimal centrifugal force parameters and the optimal gear, the operator will refer to this optimal gear to set the position of the locating pin on the spindle support. The installation position of the locating pin is directly related to the rotational guiding accuracy of the first bearing unit, and indirectly matches the motion trajectory required for the optimal centrifugal force, ensuring that the welding area is precisely within the target centrifugal force field range during the rotation of the workpiece. At the same time, the operator will also complete the final setting of the stepper motor speed through the control panel, so that the rotational speed of the stepper motor matches the optimal centrifugal force parameters, and the first slide rail telescopic unit will also adjust the telescopic amount according to the welding area parameters, precisely controlling the distance between the welding area and the brake shaft to ensure the stable formation of the optimal centrifugal force field.

[0049] In steps S703 to S704, after the parameters are adjusted to the correct position, the centrifugal force-based laser welding device enters the welding execution phase. The controller first obtains the start and end positions of the welding area through the sensing subunit of the first laser emitting unit, thereby planning a precise welding path. Then, the controller controls the stepper motor to start rotating according to the preset parameters. The stepper motor drives the slide rail and the first bearing unit connected to it to rotate synchronously around the main shaft through the brake shaft, thereby forming a stable centrifugal force field in the molten pool area. At the same time, the first laser emitting unit performs laser welding operations on the workpiece to be welded in the centrifugal force field according to the start and end information obtained by the sensing subunit. The centrifugal force drives the molten pool to generate strong convection, realizing the uniform distribution of weld composition and the close mixing of dissimilar or unevenly thick materials.

[0050] The core of the sensing subunit is either a 3D vision camera or a 2D / 3D contour sensor. Its key function is to accurately locate the start and end points of the welding area, providing a positional reference for laser head welding and centrifugal force field adaptation. During operation, the 3D vision camera first captures a 3D point cloud image of the entire workpiece to be welded, identifying its characteristic contours. The 2D / 3D contour sensor then uses laser triangulation to scan the welding area and generate height contour data. Both transmit the acquired image / contour information to the controller. The controller uses algorithms to extract key coordinates of the welding area, calculates the precise positions of the start and end points, and then feeds this information back to the laser emitting unit and stepper motor, ensuring that the laser head welds along the preset path while simultaneously allowing the centrifugal force field to act precisely on the welding area.

[0051] In some embodiments, the sensing subunit may be a laser head controller. Before laser welding, the laser head controller performs a light alignment operation using low-frequency red light, adjusting the device so that the red light points to the desired start and end points of the weld. The angle recording button on the laser head controller is then pressed, and this angle is automatically recorded as the starting point (0) and ending point (0, 0). Since the rotation angle of a stepper motor is determined by the number of pulses emitted by the controller, each pulse causes the motor to rotate by a fixed angle (step angle). The rotation angle can be calculated by recording the number of pulses emitted and multiplying it by the step angle. Subsequently, each rotation angle... satisfy At that time, the control unit sends a light emission command to the laser to ensure that the welding starts precisely at the predetermined trajectory position.

[0052] In step S705, after the first laser emitting unit completes all welding operations according to the preset path, the controller will trigger a linkage command to control the stepper motor to stop rotating, and the centrifugal force field will disappear. After all moving parts of the device return to their initial state, the operator can shut down the entire centrifugal force-based laser welding device, thus completing a complete centrifugal force-assisted laser welding operation process. Subsequently, the welded parts can be disassembled and other operations can be performed.

[0053] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described method. This electronic device can be any smart terminal, including tablet computers, in-vehicle computers, etc.

[0054] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this device embodiment. The specific functions implemented by this device embodiment are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0055] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 The hardware structure of an electronic device according to another embodiment is illustrated. The electronic device includes: The processor 801 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. The memory 802 can be implemented as a read-only memory (ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (RAM). The memory 802 can store the operating system and other application programs. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 802 and is called and executed by the processor 801 using the methods described in the embodiments of this application. The 803 input / output interface is used to implement information input and output. The communication interface 804 is used to enable communication and interaction between this device and other devices. Communication can be achieved through wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.). Bus 805 transmits information between various components of the device (e.g., processor 801, memory 802, input / output interface 803, and communication interface 804); The processor 801, memory 802, input / output interface 803, and communication interface 804 are connected to each other within the device via bus 805.

[0056] The embodiments described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0057] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown, or combine certain steps, or different steps.

[0058] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0059] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps in the methods disclosed above, as well as the functional modules / units in the systems and devices, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof.

[0060] It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0061] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0062] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of the units described above is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0063] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A laser welding device based on centrifugal force, characterized in that, The device includes: A spindle unit includes a stepper motor, a control panel, a brake shaft, a spindle, and a slide rail. The brake shaft is located inside the spindle. The stepper motor is fixedly connected to the slide rail via the brake shaft. The stepper motor is also connected to the control panel via communication. One end of the spindle is fixedly connected to the control panel, and the other end of the spindle is movably connected to the slide rail. A spindle support is fixedly connected to the spindle, and a positioning pin is provided on the spindle support; A first slide rail telescopic unit is disposed inside the slide rail, one end of the first slide rail telescopic unit is connected to the slide rail, and the first slide rail telescopic unit is used to control the distance between the welding area and the brake shaft. The first slider is fixedly connected to the other end of the first slide rail telescopic unit; A first bearing unit is disposed on one side of the slide rail; the first bearing unit includes a worktable, a linear groove, and a clamping unit; the worktable is connected to the other end of the first slider; the upper part of the worktable is movably connected to the clamping unit; the linear groove includes a first linear groove and a second linear groove, one side of the first linear groove and the second linear groove are respectively fixedly connected to the lower part of the worktable, the first linear groove and the second linear groove are parallel to each other and the distance between them is the same as the diameter of the positioning pin; The first laser emitting unit includes a laser head, a laser head support, and a sensing subunit. The laser head support is fixedly connected to the laser head, and the sensing subunit is used to obtain the positions of the start and end points of the welding area. The controller is communicatively connected to the stepper motor, the control panel, the sensing subunit, and the laser head.

2. The apparatus for laser welding based on centrifugal force according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locating pin includes a first pin body, a second pin body, a third pin body, and a plurality of cylindrical rollers; One end of each of the cylindrical rollers is connected to the second pin, and the other end of each of the cylindrical rollers is connected to the third pin. The other end of the second pin is fixedly connected to the first pin. The second pin, the third pin, and the cylindrical rollers are used to guide the straight groove. The first pin is used for movable connection with the spindle support.

3. The apparatus for laser welding based on centrifugal force according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shape of the third pin includes a cone; The first linear guide and the second linear groove are provided with chamfers on both sides in the vertical direction. The chamfers are used to allow the linear groove to withstand the contact impact of the positioning pin and to facilitate the positioning pin to enter the gap between the first linear guide and the second linear groove during the guiding process.

4. The apparatus for laser welding based on centrifugal force according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first slide rail telescopic unit includes an electric telescopic rod base, an electric telescopic rod, and a spring; One end of the electric telescopic rod base is fixedly connected to the first slider, and the other end of the electric telescopic rod base is fixedly connected to one end of the electric telescopic rod. The other end of the electric telescopic rod is connected to one end of the spring; The electric telescopic rod base, the electric telescopic rod, and the spring are all disposed inside the slide rail, and the other end of the spring is connected to one side of the brake shaft inside the slide rail.

5. The apparatus for laser welding based on centrifugal force according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spindle support is provided with multiple positioning holes; Each of the positioning holes is used to connect with the positioning pin.

6. The apparatus for laser welding based on centrifugal force according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workbench is provided with multiple clamping holes; The clamping unit includes a first clamp, a second clamp, a first fixing rod, and a second fixing rod; the first clamp is connected to the worktable via the first fixing rod, and the second clamp is connected to the worktable via the second fixing rod.

7. The apparatus for laser welding based on centrifugal force according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a second load-bearing unit, a second slide rail telescopic unit, a second slider, and a second laser emitting unit; The second slide rail telescopic unit is disposed on the other side inside the second slide rail, and the second slide rail telescopic unit is symmetrical to the first slide rail telescopic unit. The second support unit is disposed on the other side of the second slide rail. The second support unit is connected to the second slide rail telescopic unit through the second slider, and the second support unit is symmetrical to the first support unit in position. The second laser emitting unit is disposed above the second support unit. The second bearing unit, the second slide rail telescopic unit, the second slider and the second laser emitting unit have the same internal structure as the first bearing unit, the first slide rail telescopic unit, the first slider and the first laser emitting unit.

8. A control method for laser welding based on centrifugal force, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: The device for centrifugal laser welding according to any one of claims 1-7 is activated, and the workpiece to be welded is fixed on the worktable by the clamping unit; The operator sets the speed of the stepper motor and the parameters of the welding area through the control panel, and fixes the positioning pin on the spindle bracket; The first slide rail telescopic unit adjusts the telescopic amount according to the parameters of the welding area; The controller obtains the start and end points of the welding area through the sensing subunit; The controller controls the stepper motor to start rotating according to the set speed, and the first laser emitting unit performs welding according to the obtained start and end points of the welding area; When the first laser emitting unit completes welding, the controller controls the stepper motor to stop rotating, and the operator shuts down the centrifugal force-based laser welding device.

9. The control method for laser welding based on centrifugal force according to claim 8, characterized in that, The operator sets the parameters of the welding area through the control panel and fixes the positioning pin to the spindle bracket, including the following steps: The staff sets the parameters of the workpiece to be welded, the solder, and the welding temperature through the control panel; The controller determines the optimal centrifugal force parameters and the optimal gear based on the parameters of the workpiece to be welded, the solder, and the welding temperature. The staff sets the position of the positioning pin on the spindle bracket according to the optimal gear.

10. The control method for laser welding based on centrifugal force according to claim 9, characterized in that, The controller determines the optimal centrifugal force parameters and optimal gear based on the acquired parameters of the workpiece to be welded, the solder, and the welding temperature, including the following steps: The controller obtains parameters of the workpiece to be welded, the solder, and the welding temperature through the control panel; The controller inputs the parameters of the workpiece to be welded, the solder, and the welding temperature into the centrifugal force molten pool mixing model for analysis, and obtains the optimal centrifugal force parameters and the optimal gear.

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