Carbon-free laser processing system and method for metal ring belts

Abstract

This application discloses a carbon-free laser processing system and method for metal rings. The method comprises, arranged sequentially along the optical path: a laser for emitting a first femtosecond laser beam, the first femtosecond laser beam being linearly polarized light; a beam expander for expanding the first femtosecond laser beam; a polarization control element for adjusting the polarization state distribution of the expanded first femtosecond laser beam to form a second femtosecond laser beam; a beam adjustment module for changing the transmission direction of the second femtosecond laser beam and adjusting its angle to form a third femtosecond laser beam; and a focusing module for focusing the third femtosecond laser beam to obtain a focal spot, allowing the focal spot to directly act on the metal ring for processing. This improves the processing quality, efficiency, and product quality of the metal ring, while reducing the product loss rate during processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of laser precision processing technology, especially to the processing of interventional or implantable medical devices such as cutting, drilling and etching with lasers, and specifically to a carbon-free laser processing system and method for metal rings. Background Technology

[0002] Laser processing is a highly efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly processing method, widely used in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace, automotive and shipbuilding, digital electronics, and interventional or implantable medical devices, due to its advantages such as high energy density, small heat-affected zone, no contact damage during processing, no mechanical processing stress, ability to process high-hardness and brittle materials, low noise, no cutting, no tool wear, and easy integration with automation control.

[0003] Interventional medical devices refer to those inserted into the human body or natural cavities through surgical means for short-term treatment or examination, which are then removed after the treatment or examination is completed. Examples include: endovascular angiography catheters, balloon dilation catheters, central venous catheters, arteriovenous pressure monitoring catheters, and disposable interventional therapy probes. Implantable medical devices refer to those inserted wholly or partially into the human body or natural cavities through surgical means, or those that replace the epidermis or surface of the eye, and remain in the body for at least 30 days, and can only be removed through surgical or medical means, such as bone screws, artificial organs, and cardiac stents.

[0004] In traditional processing applications using long-pulse lasers (microsecond, nanosecond, etc.), the main interaction between the laser and the material is the conversion of laser energy into a thermal effect, causing the material to melt and vaporize, thereby achieving material removal. However, during this process, the accumulation of heat creates a large and intense heat-affected zone (HAZ). In the material processing applications of interventional or implantable medical devices, this HAZ can cause adverse effects such as overheating deformation, melted edges, oxidation and blackening, residue, and burrs in the processed area, resulting in functional or aesthetic damage, reduced product quality and yield. This often necessitates cumbersome subsequent cleaning steps to eliminate these adverse effects, significantly increasing production costs.

[0005] Therefore, the aforementioned technical problems urgently need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a carbon-free laser processing system and method for metal rings to solve or partially solve the problem of adverse effects such as overheating deformation, melting edges, oxidation and blackening, residue and burrs in the material processing area of ​​interventional or implantable medical devices, which cause functional or appearance damage, reduce product quality and yield, and usually require cumbersome subsequent cleaning steps to eliminate adverse effects, greatly increasing production costs.

[0007] A carbon-free laser processing system for metal rings, comprising the following components arranged sequentially along the optical path:

[0008] A laser is used to emit a first femtosecond laser beam, which is linearly polarized light.

[0009] A beam expander is used to expand the first femtosecond laser beam so that the first femtosecond laser beam has a uniform energy density.

[0010] A polarization control element is used to adjust the polarization state distribution of the expanded first femtosecond laser beam to form a second femtosecond laser beam.

[0011] A beam adjustment module is used to change the transmission direction of the second femtosecond laser beam and adjust the angle of the second femtosecond laser beam to form a third femtosecond laser beam.

[0012] The focusing module is used to focus the third femtosecond laser beam and obtain a focal spot so that the focal spot can directly act on the metal ring for processing.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, a beam expander is used to ensure that the first femtosecond laser beam emitted by the laser has a uniform energy density. Furthermore, the polarization state distribution of the first femtosecond laser beam is adjusted by a polarization control element to obtain a second femtosecond laser beam. The second femtosecond laser beam is then processed by a beam adjustment module to obtain a third femtosecond laser beam. Finally, the third femtosecond laser beam is focused by a focusing module, and the resulting focal spot is directly applied to the metal ring. This improves the processing quality of the metal ring and the overall product quality, reduces the product loss rate during processing, and avoids subsequent cleaning steps, thereby improving processing efficiency.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the present application may be further configured such that the polarization modulation element has a fast axis;

[0015] The polarization control element is configured to adjust the polarization state distribution of the expanded first femtosecond laser beam by adjusting the direction of the fast axis, thereby forming a second femtosecond laser beam.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the polarization direction of the first femtosecond laser beam is parallel to the fast axis direction of the polarization control element, so that the first femtosecond laser beam has a large phase velocity within the polarization control element. Furthermore, the polarization direction of the first femtosecond laser beam at the time of incidence forms a 45-degree angle with the axis of the polarization control element, thereby changing the polarization state distribution of the first femtosecond laser beam to obtain circularly polarized light, that is, forming the second femtosecond laser beam.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that the beam adjustment module includes multiple sets of reflecting mirrors and scanning galvanometers;

[0018] The second femtosecond laser beam changes its transmission direction after passing through multiple sets of the aforementioned reflectors;

[0019] The angle of the second femtosecond laser beam, whose transmission direction has been changed, is adjusted by the scanning galvanometer, and a high-speed two-dimensional scan is performed to form a third femtosecond laser beam.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the arrangement of multiple sets of reflectors changes the transmission direction of the second femtosecond laser beam, thereby improving the high reflectivity of the second femtosecond laser beam. Furthermore, the scanning galvanometer enables the second femtosecond laser beam to perform two-dimensional high-speed scanning in the horizontal plane, forming a third femtosecond beam. This beam is used to quickly and accurately position the focal spot on the metal ring. Additionally, the scanning galvanometer moves the second femtosecond laser beam back and forth at a certain speed to obtain the specified pattern.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the present application may be further configured such that: the scanning galvanometer includes a rotary motor and a lens, the lens being disposed on the rotary motor;

[0022] The rotating motor drives the lens to tilt, thereby performing high-speed two-dimensional scanning of the second femtosecond laser beam to form a third femtosecond laser beam.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the rotary motor drives the lens to swing, thereby realizing the two-dimensional controllable deflection of the laser beam to obtain the third femtosecond laser beam, and the third femtosecond laser beam can be quickly and accurately positioned.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that: the rotary motor includes an X-axis rotary motor and a Y-axis rotary motor, and the lens includes a first lens and a second lens, wherein the first lens is disposed on the X-axis rotary motor and the second lens is disposed on the Y-axis rotary motor;

[0025] The X-axis rotary motor drives the first lens to perform high-speed one-dimensional scanning of the second femtosecond laser beam in the X-axis direction. At the same time, the Y-axis rotary motor drives the second lens to perform high-speed one-dimensional scanning of the second femtosecond laser beam in the Y-axis direction, thereby realizing high-speed two-dimensional scanning of the second femtosecond laser beam in the plane and forming a third femtosecond laser beam.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the X-axis rotary motor and the Y-axis rotary motor cooperate to rotate, thereby causing the first and second lenses to deflect. This, in turn, causes the emitted light beam reflected by the first and second lenses to move, i.e., the third femtosecond laser beam, thus achieving planar scanning and ensuring the accuracy of the metal ring processing position.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured as: a carbon-free laser processing system for metal rings, further comprising a rotary table for clamping the metal rings so that a focal spot processes the metal rings.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, two rotary tables are set up to clamp the metal ring, reducing the occurrence of deformation and scratches of the metal ring, and improving the processing accuracy and processing effect of the metal ring.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the present application may be further configured such that: a direct drive motor is provided at the lower end of the rotary table, and the rotary table is movably mounted on the direct drive motor.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the rotary table is moved by a direct drive motor, thereby adjusting the processing length of the metal ring belt.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured as: a carbon-free laser processing system for metal rings, further comprising a water injection pipe and a rotary joint, wherein the water injection pipe is connected to the metal rings via the rotary joint for cooling the processed metal rings.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the water injection pipe can reduce the thermal effect during laser processing and protect the inner wall of the metal ring. Furthermore, the rotary joint reduces the possibility of deformation of the water injection pipe caused by the rotation of the metal ring during processing.

[0033] The second objective of this application is to provide a carbon-free laser processing method for metal rings.

[0034] The second objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0035] A carbon-free laser processing method for metal rings, comprising:

[0036] According to the laser processing parameters, a first femtosecond laser beam is emitted by a laser, and the first femtosecond laser beam is linearly polarized light.

[0037] The first femtosecond laser beam is expanded using a beam expander.

[0038] The polarization state distribution of the expanded first femtosecond laser beam is adjusted by the polarization control element to form a second femtosecond laser beam;

[0039] The propagation direction and angle of the second femtosecond laser beam are changed by the beam adjustment module to form a third femtosecond laser beam;

[0040] The third femtosecond laser beam is focused using a focusing module to obtain a focal spot, which is then applied directly to the metal ring for processing.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that: the step of changing the transmission direction and angle of the second femtosecond laser beam according to the beam adjustment module to form a third femtosecond laser beam includes:

[0042] Obtain the spatial position information of the metal ring;

[0043] Based on the laser processing parameters and the spatial position information, the focus of the second femtosecond laser beam is adjusted to ensure that the focal spot is in focus at the focal position of the metal ring.

[0044] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0045] The aforementioned carbon-free laser processing system for metal rings includes, sequentially arranged along the optical path, a laser, a beam expander, a polarization control element, a beam adjustment module, and a focusing module. During laser processing, the laser outputs high-quality femtosecond laser pulses, i.e., the first femtosecond laser beam. After beam expansion by the beam expander, the diameter of the first femtosecond laser beam increases to a preset size, and the energy distribution at each point of the beam spot becomes more uniform. The expanded first femtosecond laser beam then undergoes polarization state distribution changes by the polarization control element, forming a second femtosecond laser beam. The second femtosecond laser beam's transmission direction is changed by multiple sets of mirrors in the beam adjustment module. This changed beam then passes through a scanning galvanometer in the beam adjustment module. The high-speed rotation of the scanning galvanometer's motor drives the mirrors on both axes to deflect, achieving high-speed two-dimensional scanning of the second femtosecond laser beam in the horizontal plane, resulting in a third femtosecond laser beam. Furthermore, high-speed control by the scanning galvanometer causes the focal spot to scan rapidly along a preset trajectory in the two-dimensional plane, achieving ultra-precision cutting of complex two-dimensional graphic structures. The third femtosecond laser beam, after being intensely focused by a high-quality focusing module, produces a highly spherical focal spot. This focal spot has extremely high density, and when it directly acts on the metal ring, it can instantly vaporize the metal ring, achieving precise removal. Furthermore, by using a rotary stage to rotate the metal ring at high speed, ultra-precision cutting of complex three-dimensional structures can be achieved. This technical solution utilizes femtosecond lasers to process metal rings, offering high peak power, easily inducing metal ring dissociation, resulting in low thermal effects and high processing accuracy. It essentially achieves zero-carbonization processing, improving the processing quality, efficiency, and overall product quality of the metal ring, while reducing product loss during processing. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a carbon-free laser processing system for metal rings according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0048] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the polarization control element of the carbonless laser processing system for metal rings in the first embodiment of this application is shown.

[0049] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the scanning galvanometer of the non-carbonized laser processing system for metal rings in the first embodiment of this application is shown.

[0050] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a carbon-free laser processing method for metal rings is shown in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. For example, terms such as “length,” “aperture,” “large,” “small,” “inner,” and “outer” indicate orientations or positions based on the orientations or positions shown in the accompanying drawings and are merely for ease of description and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0052] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a particular order. "A plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0053] In the description and claims of this invention and the foregoing drawings, when an element is referred to as "fixed to," "mounted to," "disposed on," or "connected to" another element, it can be located directly or indirectly on that other element. For example, when an element is referred to as "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to that other element.

[0054] Furthermore, the reference to "embodiment" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0055] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] One embodiment of this application discloses a carbon-free laser processing system for metal rings.

[0058] Reference Figure 1 A carbon-free laser processing system for metal rings includes a laser 1, a beam expander 2, a polarization control element 3, a beam adjustment module 4, and a focusing module 5 arranged sequentially along the optical path. The laser 1 is electrically connected to a controller 6, which is also electrically connected to the beam adjustment module 4. The controller 6 controls the laser 1 to emit a first femtosecond laser beam. This first femtosecond laser beam passes through the beam expander 2 and the polarization control element 3 to obtain a second femtosecond laser beam. The second femtosecond laser beam then passes through the beam adjustment module 4 to obtain a third femtosecond laser beam. This third femtosecond laser beam, after passing through the focusing module 5, directly acts on the metal ring 7 for processing. This improves the processing quality of the metal ring and the overall product quality, reduces the product loss rate during processing, and eliminates the need for subsequent cleaning steps, thus increasing processing efficiency.

[0059] Reference Figure 2 The aforementioned polarization control element 3 is configured to adjust the polarization state distribution of the expanded first femtosecond laser beam by adjusting the direction of the fast axis, thereby forming a second femtosecond laser beam.

[0060] Specifically, the polarization direction of the first femtosecond laser beam is parallel to the fast axis direction of the polarization control element 3, so that the first femtosecond laser beam has a large phase velocity within the polarization control element 3. Furthermore, by adjusting the direction of the fast axis, the polarization direction of the expanded first femtosecond laser beam at the time of incident is made to form a 45-degree angle with the axis of the polarization control element 3, thereby changing the polarization state distribution of the first femtosecond laser beam to obtain circularly polarized light, i.e., forming the second femtosecond laser beam. In this embodiment, the polarization control element 3 is a quarter-wave plate.

[0061] The aforementioned beam adjustment module 4 includes multiple sets of reflectors 41 and scanning galvanometers 42. After the second femtosecond laser beam passes through multiple sets of reflectors 41, its transmission direction is changed, which improves the high reflectivity of the second femtosecond laser beam. Furthermore, the scanning galvanometers 42 enable the second femtosecond laser beam to perform two-dimensional high-speed scanning in the horizontal plane, forming a third femtosecond beam. This beam is used to quickly and accurately position the focal spot on the metal ring 7. Additionally, the scanning galvanometers 42 reciprocate the second femtosecond laser beam at a certain speed to obtain a specified pattern.

[0062] Further, please refer to 1 and Figure 3 The scanning galvanometer 42 includes a rotary motor 421 and a lens 422, with the lens 422 mounted on the rotary motor 421. A controller 6 is electrically connected to the rotary motor 421 and controls the rotation of the rotary motor 421, causing the rotary motor 421 to drive the lens 422 to tilt, thereby performing high-speed two-dimensional scanning of the second femtosecond laser beam to form a third femtosecond laser beam. The rotary motor 421 drives the lens 422 to tilt, thus achieving two-dimensional controllable laser beam deflection to obtain the third femtosecond laser beam, which can be quickly and accurately positioned.

[0063] Specifically, the rotary motor includes an X-axis rotary motor 421a and a Y-axis rotary motor 421b, and the lens 422 includes a first lens 422a and a second lens 422b. The first lens 422a is mounted on the X-axis rotary motor 421a, and the second lens 422b is mounted on the Y-axis rotary motor 421b. The X-axis rotary motor 421a drives the first lens 422a to perform a high-speed one-dimensional scan of the second femtosecond laser beam in the X-axis direction. Simultaneously, the Y-axis rotary motor 421b drives the second lens 422b to perform a high-speed one-dimensional scan of the second femtosecond laser beam in the Y-axis direction, thus achieving a high-speed two-dimensional scan of the second femtosecond laser beam in the plane, forming a third femtosecond laser beam. The X-axis rotary motor 421a and the Y-axis rotary motor 421b work together to rotate, causing the first lens 422a and the second lens 422b to deflect. This, in turn, causes the emitted laser beam, which is reflected by the first lens 422a and the second lens 422b, to move, i.e., the third femtosecond laser beam. This enables planar scanning and ensures the accuracy of the processing position of the metal ring 7.

[0064] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 A carbon-free laser processing system for metal rings includes two rotary tables 8. The metal ring 7 is clamped and rotated by the two rotary tables 8 so that the focal spot can process the metal ring 7, reducing the occurrence of deformation and scratches of the metal ring 7, and improving the processing accuracy and processing effect of the metal ring 7.

[0065] Furthermore, a direct drive motor (not shown in the figure) is provided at the lower end of the rotary table 8. The rotary table 8 is movably mounted on the direct drive motor. The rotary table 8 can be mounted on the direct drive motor by snap-fit ​​or by transmission, as long as relative displacement can be achieved between the rotary table 8 and the direct drive motor. In this embodiment, the two rotary tables 8 are controlled to move by the direct drive motor, and the two rotary tables 8 move towards each other, thereby adjusting the processing length of the metal ring belt 7.

[0066] In one embodiment, a carbon-free laser processing system for metal rings further includes a water injection pipe 10 and a rotary joint 9. The water injection pipe 10 is connected to the metal ring 7 via the rotary joint 9. When the rotary table 8 clamps the metal ring 7 and begins to rotate, the pneumatic chuck (not shown in the figure) built into the rotary table 8 synchronously drives the rotary joint 9 to rotate, ensuring uniform contact between the metal ring 7 and the laser beam. This also reduces the possibility of deformation of the water injection pipe 10 due to the rotation of the metal ring 7 during processing. The other end of the water injection pipe 10 is connected to a water injection pump 11. When the water injection pump 11 starts working, it injects water from the water storage tank 12 into the metal ring 7 through the water injection pipe 10. This reduces the thermal effect during laser processing, protects the inner wall of the metal ring 7, and also uses the force of the water flow to make the cut metal ring 7 fall into the receiving box 13.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Another embodiment of this application provides a carbon-free laser processing method for metal rings, the main process of which is described below:

[0069] Reference Figure 4 S10. Based on the laser processing parameters, a first femtosecond laser beam is emitted using a laser. The first femtosecond laser beam is linearly polarized light.

[0070] The laser processing parameters include at least one of the following: marking speed, air jump speed, giant pulse generator adjustment frequency, and fill spacing. A femtosecond laser beam is a pulsed laser; the femtosecond refers to the pulse duration. As an ultrafast laser beam with even shorter pulses, compared to longer pulsed laser beams, ultrafast pulsed laser beams, after focusing, can form a focal spot on the micrometer scale, with a peak power density in the central region reaching 10²⁰–10²² W / cm². 2 It can generate extremely strong local electromagnetic fields, which are several times stronger than the Coulomb force exerted by the atomic nucleus on the surrounding electrons. This can directly break the chemical bonds between atoms in the material and instantly ionize the electrons inside the material, causing strong Coulomb repulsion between positively charged particles in the material, which then ejects outward in the form of plasma, thereby achieving the removal of the material.

[0071] In the direction of light propagation, the light vector vibrates only in one fixed direction. This type of light is called plane polarized light. Since the trajectory of the endpoint of the light vector is a straight line, it is also called linearly polarized light.

[0072] In this embodiment, when using femtosecond lasers for processing, the ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak intensity of the femtosecond laser can induce a nonlinear absorption effect in the metal ring, obtaining a focal spot with a size much smaller than the diffraction limit, thereby significantly improving the spatial resolution of the processing.

[0073] S20. Expand the first femtosecond laser beam using a beam expander.

[0074] In this embodiment, a beam expander is used to expand and shape the first femtosecond laser beam, resulting in a laser beam with uniform energy density. Specifically, the first femtosecond laser beam emitted by the laser has a certain divergence angle. In this embodiment, the diameter and divergence angle of the first femtosecond laser beam are changed by the beam expander, making the first femtosecond laser beam collimated (parallel) and improving the collimation characteristics of the first femtosecond laser beam.

[0075] S30. The polarization state distribution of the expanded first femtosecond laser beam is adjusted by the polarization control element to form the second femtosecond laser beam.

[0076] Specifically, in this embodiment, the polarization control element is a quarter-wave plate. When the first femtosecond laser beam passes through the quarter-wave plate, the quarter-wave plate is rotated so that the optical axis and the vibration direction of the polarized light are at a 45-degree angle, which can convert the linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light and form the second femtosecond laser beam.

[0077] When light is incident normally through the crystal, the phase difference between the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray is equal to π / 2 or an odd multiple thereof. Such a crystal is called a quarter-wave plate or 1 / 4-wave plate.

[0078] S40. The transmission direction and angle of the second femtosecond laser beam are changed according to the beam adjustment module to form the third femtosecond laser beam.

[0079] Specifically, the second femtosecond laser beam changes its transmission direction by passing through multiple sets of mirrors in the beam adjustment module. After changing its transmission direction, the second femtosecond laser beam passes through the scanning galvanometer in the beam adjustment module. The high-speed rotation of the motor of the scanning galvanometer drives the mirrors on the two axes of the galvanometer to deflect, realizing the high-speed two-dimensional scanning of the second femtosecond laser beam in the horizontal plane to obtain the third femtosecond laser beam. Furthermore, the high-speed control of the scanning galvanometer makes the focal spot scan at high speed along a preset trajectory in the two-dimensional plane, realizing the ultra-precision cutting of complex two-dimensional graphic structures.

[0080] Among them, the scanning galvanometer adopts the method of drawing long straight lines during the processing, which can avoid excessive energy of the first pulse of laser and the problem of switching light splicing during laser processing.

[0081] S50. The third femtosecond laser beam is focused using the focusing module to obtain a focal spot, so that the focal spot can directly act on the metal ring for processing.

[0082] In this embodiment, the focusing module uses a field lens. After the third femtosecond laser beam is strongly focused by the field lens, it can generate a focal spot with high sphericity. This focal spot has extremely high density, and when it directly acts on the metal ring, it can instantly vaporize the metal ring. This enables clean cutting of thin-walled tubes (wall thickness ≤ 0.2 mm) without taper, burr, or wall damage, as well as clean cutting of thicker tubes (wall thickness 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm) with minimal taper, burr, and wall damage. This improves the processing quality of the focal spot and the yield rate of metal ring processing.

[0083] In some possible embodiments, step S40, which involves changing the transmission direction and angle of the second femtosecond laser beam according to the beam adjustment module to form the third femtosecond laser beam, includes:

[0084] S41. Obtain the spatial position information of the metal ring.

[0085] S42. Based on the laser processing parameters and spatial position information, the focus of the second femtosecond laser beam is adjusted to ensure that the focal spot is in positive focus at the focal position of the metal ring.

[0086] The spatial location information can be pre-entered into the system database or obtained through location sensors.

[0087] Specifically, this embodiment acquires the spatial position information of the metal ring, including its position on the rotary table and the location to be etched by the laser. Based on the laser processing parameters and spatial position information, the X-axis and Y-axis rotary motors in the scanning galvanometer are controlled to swing and rotate at a certain voltage-to-angle conversion ratio to achieve planar scanning and ensure the accuracy of the metal ring's processing position. The entire control process employs closed-loop feedback control, with the joint action of control circuits such as position sensors, current integrators, and position distinguishers.

[0088] The carbon-free laser processing method for metal rings provided in this embodiment, such as... Figure 4As shown, in the laser processing, a high-beam-quality femtosecond laser pulse, the first femtosecond laser beam, is output from the laser. After being expanded by a beam expander, the diameter of the first femtosecond laser beam is increased to a preset size, and the energy distribution at each point of the spot is more uniform. The expanded first femtosecond laser beam is then polarized by a polarization control element to form a second femtosecond laser beam. The second femtosecond laser beam passes through multiple sets of mirrors in the beam adjustment module to change its propagation direction. The second femtosecond laser beam, after its propagation direction has been changed, passes through a scanning galvanometer in the beam adjustment module. The high-speed rotation of the scanning galvanometer's motor drives the mirrors on both axes to tilt, enabling the second femtosecond laser beam to perform a two-dimensional high-speed scan in the horizontal plane, resulting in a third femtosecond laser beam. Furthermore, the high-speed control of the scanning galvanometer allows the focal spot to scan along a preset trajectory in the two-dimensional plane at high speed, achieving ultra-precision cutting of complex two-dimensional graphic structures. The third femtosecond laser beam, after being intensely focused by a high-quality focusing module, produces a highly spherical focal spot. This focal spot has extremely high density, and when it directly acts on the metal ring, it can instantly vaporize the metal ring, achieving precise removal. Furthermore, by using a rotary stage to rotate the metal ring at high speed, ultra-precision cutting of complex three-dimensional structures can be achieved. This technical solution utilizes femtosecond lasers to process metal rings, offering high peak power, easily inducing metal ring dissociation, resulting in low thermal effects and high processing accuracy. It essentially achieves zero-carbonization processing, improving the processing quality, efficiency, and overall product quality of the metal ring, while reducing product loss during processing.

[0089] If the integrated unit in the above embodiments is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in the above computer-readable storage medium.

[0090] Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause one or more computer devices (which may be personal computers, servers, or network devices, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0091] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0092] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed.

[0093] Another point is that the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, units, or modules, and can be electrical or other forms. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate; the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0094] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0095] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A carbon-free laser processing method for a metal endless belt, implemented by a carbon-free laser processing system for a metal endless belt, characterized by, The carbon-free laser processing system includes the following components arranged sequentially along the optical path: A laser is used to emit a first femtosecond laser beam, which is linearly polarized light. A beam expander is used to expand the first femtosecond laser beam so that the first femtosecond laser beam has a uniform energy density. The polarization control element is a quarter-wave plate with a fast axis. The polarization control element is configured to adjust the direction of the fast axis so that the polarization direction of the expanded first femtosecond laser beam at the time of incident forms a 45-degree angle with the fast axis, thereby adjusting the expanded first femtosecond laser beam from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light to form a second femtosecond laser beam. The beam adjustment module includes multiple sets of reflectors and scanning galvanometers. After the second femtosecond laser beam passes through the multiple sets of reflectors, its transmission direction changes. The scanning galvanometers adjust the angle of the second femtosecond laser beam after the transmission direction has changed and perform high-speed two-dimensional scanning to form a third femtosecond laser beam. A focusing module is used to focus the third femtosecond laser beam to obtain a focal spot, which acts on the metal ring to achieve carbon-free processing. Two rotating platforms are provided to clamp and rotate the metal ring, reducing deformation and scratches on the metal ring; A direct drive motor is located at the lower end of the rotary table, and the rotary table is movably mounted on the direct drive motor. The direct drive motor controls the two rotary tables to move towards each other to adjust the processing length of the metal ring belt. A water injection pipe and a rotary joint are used to inject water into the metal ring belt, reduce the thermal effect during laser processing and protect the inner wall of the metal ring belt. At the same time, the water flow force is used to make the cut metal ring belt fall into the receiving box. The carbon-free laser processing method includes the following steps: S1: A first femtosecond laser beam is emitted by a laser according to laser processing parameters. The first femtosecond laser beam is linearly polarized light. The laser processing parameters include at least one of the following: marking speed, air jump speed, giant pulse generator adjustment frequency, and fill spacing. S2: The first femtosecond laser beam is expanded by a beam expander so that the expanded first femtosecond laser beam has a uniform energy density. S3: Adjust the polarization state distribution of the expanded first femtosecond laser beam using a quarter-wave plate to convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, forming a second femtosecond laser beam; S4: The transmission direction of the second femtosecond laser beam is changed by multiple sets of reflectors in the beam adjustment module, and the angle of the second femtosecond laser beam is adjusted by the scanning galvanometer and high-speed two-dimensional scanning is performed to form a third femtosecond laser beam; S5: The third femtosecond laser beam is focused by the focusing module to obtain a focal spot, which acts on the metal ring to achieve carbon-free processing; During processing, water is injected into the metal ring through a water injection pipe and a rotary joint to reduce the heat effect and protect the inner wall of the metal ring. At the same time, the force of the water flow causes the cut metal ring to fall into the receiving box.

2. The carbon-free laser processing method for a metal endless belt according to claim 1, characterized by, The scanning galvanometer includes a rotary motor and a lens. The lens is mounted on the rotary motor. The rotary motor drives the lens to tilt, thereby performing high-speed two-dimensional scanning of the second femtosecond laser beam to form a third femtosecond laser beam.

3. The carbon-free laser processing method for a metal endless belt according to claim 2, characterized by, The rotary motor includes an X-axis rotary motor and a Y-axis rotary motor, and the lens includes a first lens and a second lens, wherein the first lens is disposed on the X-axis rotary motor and the second lens is disposed on the Y-axis rotary motor; The X-axis rotary motor drives the first lens to perform high-speed one-dimensional scanning of the second femtosecond laser beam in the X-axis direction, and the Y-axis rotary motor drives the second lens to perform high-speed one-dimensional scanning of the second femtosecond laser beam in the Y-axis direction, thereby realizing high-speed two-dimensional scanning of the second femtosecond laser beam in the plane and forming a third femtosecond laser beam.

4. The carbon-free laser processing method for a metal endless belt according to claim 3, characterized by Step S4 includes: Obtain the spatial position information of the metal ring, which includes the position of the metal ring on the rotary table and the position to be etched by the laser. Based on the laser processing parameters and the spatial position information, the X-axis and Y-axis rotary motors in the scanning galvanometer are controlled to swing and rotate at different angles to adjust the focus of the second femtosecond laser beam, ensuring that the focal spot is in focus at the focal position of the metal ring.

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