Edge rolling equipment with compaction width adjusting function and control method of edge rolling equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses edge rolling equipment with a compaction width adjusting function. The edge rolling equipment comprises a front frame and a rear frame, and the front frame and the rear frame are connected through a hinge frame assembly; the front frame comprises a width adjusting and compacting device, a sliding rail assembly, an anti-rollover supporting device and a limb distance sensing and alarming linkage control system, the width adjusting and compacting device comprises a double-steel-wheel assembly and a vibration control device, the double-steel-wheel assembly comprises two vibration wheels arranged side by side, each vibration wheel is installed on the front frame assembly through suspension mechanisms on the two sides, and the vibration control device is connected with the sliding rail assembly. The front frame assembly is composed of a left side plate, a right side plate, a front cross beam and a rear cross beam. The left side plate and the right side plate are connected with the two suspension mechanisms respectively. The sliding rail assembly comprises a front sliding rail assembly and a rear sliding rail assembly, the front frame assemblies of the two vibrating wheels are arranged between the front sliding rail assembly and the rear sliding rail assembly, horizontal movement driving devices are arranged between the front frame assemblies and the two sliding rail assemblies, and the vibrating wheels are connected with a vibration control device. The width between the two vibrating wheels can be adjusted, and the edge covering capacity and the compaction quality are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of compaction machinery technology for water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular relates to an edge compaction device and its control method with adjustable compaction width function. It is applicable to edge compaction of the subbase material of rockfill dams with concrete panels, and is especially suitable for edge compaction operations of rockfill dams with concrete panels with a height of more than 200m, plateaus with a height of more than 3000m, and narrow working conditions. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy and hydropower projects, the dam body is one of the most important construction projects. Currently, the main body of water conservancy and hydropower dams is typically constructed using the concrete-faced rockfill dam construction method. Concrete-faced rockfill dams primarily utilize locally sourced materials, saving on cement, steel, and other materials, reducing material supply and transportation costs, thus exhibiting significant economic advantages. Furthermore, concrete-faced rockfill dams are highly adaptable to various river valley terrains and have low requirements for the geological conditions at the dam site, making them widely applicable. Simultaneously, concrete-faced rockfill dams offer significant safety and good seismic performance. Although concrete-faced rockfill dams are widely used and have obvious advantages, their complex construction process, tight construction schedule, high construction intensity, and high quality requirements present challenges for construction management.

[0003] The cushion material of a rockfill dam is the core bearing layer for the dam's seepage prevention system and structural stability. Edge compaction is a key step in the dam's filling construction, especially in narrow areas such as near the face, toe slab, or bank slope joint. These areas are difficult to construct due to their small space, irregular shape, or proximity to structures, as well as the limitations of equipment structure, complex working conditions, and special environment. Compaction equipment cannot operate at close range, and inadequate compaction can easily lead to water seepage or structural deformation.

[0004] Traditional edge compaction equipment has the following disadvantages in the edge compaction operation of rockfill dams: 1. Due to the structural limitation that "the length of the steel wheel is the same as the width of the machine body", traditional single-drum rollers require a certain "safe distance" to avoid the risk of tipping over when operating near the edge, resulting in a compaction blind zone. The solution is to rely on small edge compaction equipment for additional compaction, but the excitation force of small equipment is generally <200kN, which cannot meet the design standard of relative density of the subbase material ≥98%, making the edge area of ​​the dam a weak area for seepage prevention, and the additional compaction process reduces the construction efficiency by at least 40%; 2. Traditional edge compaction equipment has the same width for the front and rear wheels, and when traveling near the edge, the center of gravity of the machine body is biased to one side of the dam slope, which, combined with the... The dam slope has a high risk of tilting and overturning; and existing protective measures rely solely on "passive structural reinforcement," lacking real-time distance monitoring and active early warning mechanisms. Operators rely on visual observation of the distance between the wheel and the dam slope edge, which is susceptible to errors due to construction dust and vibration. The accident rate surges, especially when loose rocks or localized protrusions are present on the dam slope, seriously threatening equipment and personnel safety. Furthermore, most existing edge compaction equipment is designed for road surface engineering, with adjustment strokes generally less than 500mm. Relying on mechanical transmissions such as gears and lead screws makes adjustment prone to jamming due to particles in the subbase material. Relocation requires disassembling the steel wheels, taking up to 2 hours, making it unsuitable for the "multi-faceted, high-frequency relocation" requirements of rockfill dams. The construction needs are not met; at the same time, the wear and tear of mechanical transmission increases the equipment maintenance cost by more than 30%, resulting in poor economic efficiency throughout the entire life cycle; 4. In high-altitude areas above 3000m, the oxygen concentration is only 70% of that in plains areas, and the temperature difference between day and night is large (-30℃~50℃). The engine power of traditional equipment decreases by 15-20%, making it impossible to drive the steel wheel to output the designed excitation force; the hydraulic system suffers from aging of seals and changes in oil viscosity due to temperature fluctuations, leading to oil leakage, response lag and other faults, which further aggravates the fluctuation of compaction quality and safety risks, making it difficult to meet the needs of high-altitude hydropower projects in western China. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of blind spots, high risk of rollover, poor adaptability to high altitudes, and lack of closed-loop early warning for edge compaction equipment in existing edge compaction equipment used in rockfill dam construction, the present invention aims to provide an edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width, integrating functions such as width adjustment, synchronous compaction, active safety early warning, and high-altitude adaptability. Simultaneously, a control method for the aforementioned edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width is disclosed.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An edge compaction device with adjustable compaction width includes a front frame, a rear frame, and an articulated frame assembly, with the front and rear frames connected by the articulated frame assembly. The front frame includes a width-adjusting compaction device, a slide rail assembly, an anti-rollover support device, and an edge distance sensing alarm and linkage control system. The width-adjusting compaction device includes a double steel wheel assembly and a vibration control device. The double steel wheel assembly includes two vibrating wheels arranged side-by-side, each vibrating wheel having a suspension mechanism connected to both its left and right sides. The vibrating wheels are mounted on the front frame assembly via the suspension mechanisms. The front frame assembly consists of a left side plate, a right side plate, and a front crossbeam. The rear crossbeam is composed of two side plates connected to two suspension mechanisms respectively. The slide rail assembly includes a front slide rail assembly and a rear slide rail assembly. The front frame assemblies of the two vibrating wheels are both located between the front and rear slide rail assemblies, and a horizontal movement drive device is provided between them. The front and rear slide rail assemblies each include a fixed part and a movable part. The front crossbeam of the front frame assembly is connected to the movable part of the front slide rail assembly, and the rear crossbeam is connected to the movable part of the rear slide rail assembly. The fixed part of the front slide rail assembly is connected to the anti-rollover support device, and the fixed part of the rear slide rail assembly is connected to the hinge frame assembly. The vibrating wheels are connected to the vibration control device.

[0007] Furthermore, the aforementioned rear frame is equipped with a cab and engine cover on top, with a control system and operating system inside the cab, a high-altitude adaptation device on the rear frame, and a fully hydraulic walking system symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the rear frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the aforementioned horizontal movement drive device includes a front thrust cylinder and a rear thrust cylinder. The fixed end of the front thrust cylinder is connected to a fixed seat provided on the front slide rail assembly, and the movable end is connected to the front crossbeam of the front frame assembly. The fixed end of the rear thrust cylinder is connected to a fixed seat provided on the rear slide rail assembly, and the movable end is connected to the rear crossbeam of the front frame assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the aforementioned vibration control device includes a PLC controller, a hydraulic pump, a vibration motor, and a vibration sensor. The PLC controller is connected to the hydraulic pump and the vibration motor. The hydraulic pump is connected to the vibration motor. The output shaft of the vibration motor is connected to an eccentric block-type vibration chamber inside the vibration wheel. The vibration sensor is mounted on the vibration wheel.

[0010] Furthermore, the aforementioned anti-rollover support device is located at the front of the front slide rail assembly, including outriggers and a crossbeam. The crossbeam is installed at the front of the front slide rail assembly, and two outriggers are symmetrically arranged at the front of the crossbeam. The outriggers have built-in telescopic cylinders.

[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned high-altitude adaptation device is integrated into the control system, including a turbocharged diesel engine power compensation module, an oxygen concentration compensation device, and a hydraulic oil temperature control module; the hydraulic oil temperature control module includes a controller, as well as a temperature sensor, an electric heating rod, and a plate heat exchanger connected thereto.

[0012] Furthermore, the aforementioned edge distance sensing alarm linkage control system includes a control module, a distance detection module connected thereto, and an execution module. The distance detection module includes two laser rangefinders, which are respectively installed at the edge positions of the two vibrating wheel frame bodies to collect the distance between the two front frame assemblies and the dam slope in real time. The control module is a single-chip microcomputer integrated into the control system in the driver's cab to receive data from the laser rangefinders and make judgments. The execution module includes an audible and visual alarm, a vibration indicator, and a walking system linkage unit.

[0013] Furthermore, waterproof cameras are installed on the outside of both of the aforementioned vibrating wheel frames. As the vibrating wheels move, the waterproof cameras are connected to the control system inside the driver's cab.

[0014] Furthermore, the aforementioned anti-rollover support device has a rubber anti-slip pad at the bottom of its crossbeam, and the anti-slip pad has a diamond pattern.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom of the aforementioned cab is equipped with a shock-absorbing device.

[0016] Furthermore, the aforementioned driver's cab is equipped with a switchable display screen connected to the control system.

[0017] Furthermore, the outer side of the aforementioned frame is equipped with an integrally openable cover, and the inner side is equipped with an external hydraulic pressure testing point.

[0018] Furthermore, a wide-angle camera is installed at the center of the rear of the aforementioned rear frame assembly, and the wide-angle camera is connected to the control system in the driver's cab.

[0019] A control method for an edge compaction device with adjustable compaction width includes the following steps: S1. Equipment Transfer and System Initialization Initially, reduce the distance between the two vibrating wheels to the minimum width; transport the edge compaction equipment to the work area, and activate the high-altitude adaptation system according to the ambient temperature: if the ambient temperature is <-10℃, activate the electric heating rod to preheat the hydraulic oil to 15~26℃; adjust the distance between the two vibrating wheels to a suitable width; activate the edge distance sensing alarm linkage control system, set the safety threshold according to the dam slope, and complete the system initialization; S2, Double Steel Wheel Assembly Width Adjustment According to the working width requirements at the edge of the dam slope, the width adjustment command is sent through the control system in the cab, causing the piston rods of the front and rear thrust cylinders of the horizontal movement drive device to extend, driving the two front frame assemblies in the double steel wheel assembly to drive the two vibrating wheels to move outward horizontally along the front and rear slide rail assemblies respectively, expanding to the set working width, and locking the front and rear thrust cylinders. S3. Edge compaction operation and synchronous control The fully hydraulic walking system is activated, and the travel speed is set. The vibration control device is activated, and the PLC controller adjusts the hydraulic pump flow to drive the two vibration wheels to output excitation force in coordination. The vibration sensor collects the vibration amplitude of the vibration wheel in real time and feeds it back to the controller. At the same time, the laser rangefinder collects the distance between the two front frame assemblies and the dam slope in real time, and transmits the data to the control module to perform the following operations: (1) If the distance is within the threshold range, the edge compaction equipment will operate normally; (2) If the distance exceeds the allowable range, the sound and light alarm and the vibration indicator will start simultaneously, and the display screen will flash the red distance value to remind the operator to make adjustments; (3) If the distance exceeds the allowable range, the controller will automatically send a speed reduction command to the fully hydraulic walking system to reduce the travel speed; if the operator does not make timely adjustments after the set time is reached, the "emergency stop" will be triggered immediately. S4. Operation Monitoring and Maintenance After each two passes of compaction, check the compaction parameters, including amplitude, frequency, and distance, on the display screen in the cab. If any abnormal pressure is detected in the hydraulic system, open the overall opening cover and check the external hydraulic pressure test point.

[0020] Due to the adoption of the technical solution described above, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention relates to an edge compaction device with adjustable compaction width. It uses a horizontal movement drive to move two vibrating wheels outwards horizontally, adjusting the width between them. This increases the edge coverage capacity from ≤50cm in traditional devices to ≥0cm, eliminating the need for a "safety distance" and completely eliminating compaction blind spots. During operation, the vibrating wheels can directly contact the edge of the dam slope, completely eliminating the need for secondary compaction due to reserved safety zones. This avoids additional safety risks during compaction and improves construction efficiency, achieving a synergistic optimization of safety and efficiency. The vibration control device ensures that the 510kN excitation force is evenly transmitted to the bottom of the 44cm layer, with a bottom amplitude ≥0.8mm. The compaction density of the subbase material increases from the traditional 98.5% to 99.2%, and the permeability coefficient increases from 1×10⁻⁶. -3 cm / s decreased to 5×10 -4 The speed of compaction significantly improves the dam's seepage prevention performance and long-term stability, resulting in a marked improvement in compaction quality and avoiding later repair costs. The anti-overturning support device constructs a triangular rigid force-bearing frame of "frame-outrigger-ground," optimizing the connection strength of support nodes. This increases the overall overturning safety factor of the edge compaction equipment from 1.2 in traditional equipment to 2.5, doubling its overturning resistance. Even under conditions where the dam slope is partially uncompacted or the vibratory wheel is slightly tilted, it can still stably support the frame, eliminating the risk of overturning. The fully hydraulically driven width adjustment eliminates mechanical wear, increasing operating efficiency from the traditional 300m... 2 / h increased to 450m 2 The relocation design, which eliminates the need for disassembly, reduces relocation time from 2 hours to 0.5 hours, lowering equipment idle time by 75%. Simultaneously, the high-strength alloy wear-resistant layer and maintenance-free slide rail assembly design reduce the equipment's total lifecycle maintenance cost by 40%, and double the lifespan of core components (steel wheels, bearings). The high-altitude adaptation device, through power compensation and hydraulic temperature control coupling design, ensures a power retention rate of ≥95% at altitudes above 3000m, ensuring stable operation of the hydraulic system. This fills the technological gap in edge compaction equipment for hydropower projects in high-altitude western regions. The IP67-rated laser rangefinder is suitable for dusty and humid environments at high altitudes, requiring no frequent maintenance. The edge distance sensing alarm linkage control system uses laser sensors and PLC controllers to achieve closed-loop control of "real-time detection - dual alarm - emergency shutdown." Over-limit triggers audible and visual alarms and travel speed reduction linkage, with distance measurement accuracy ±1mm and over-limit response time ≤1s. This can reduce the accident rate of edge operations by more than 95%, solving the safety hazards of traditional "visual observation."

[0021] This invention relates to a control method for edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width. It enables coordinated control of "width adjustment – ​​vibration compaction – safety protection – environmental adaptation," achieving organic linkage between various devices. Exceeding the distance limit not only triggers an alarm but also activates the full hydraulic walking system to reduce speed, while the vibration control device maintains stable compaction parameters. In high-altitude environments, power compensation and hydraulic temperature control are adjusted synchronously to ensure coordinated stability of excitation force and walking speed. This increases work efficiency by 50% and reduces the accident rate by 95%. It is suitable for edge compaction in high dams, high-altitude areas, and narrow working conditions, providing core technical support for the construction of face rockfill dam subbase materials. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the edge compaction device with adjustable compaction width function of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the edge compaction device with adjustable compaction width according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the edge compaction device with adjustable compaction width according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a side view of the edge compaction device with adjustable compaction width according to the present invention. Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the front and rear frames with the two vibrating wheels in an extended state; Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the outrigger in its first working state; Figure 7 yes Figure 1A schematic diagram of the second working state of the outriggers; In the diagram: 1 - outrigger; 2 - vibrating wheel; 3 - cab; 4 - engine hood; 5 - fully hydraulic walking system; 6 - articulated frame assembly; 7 - left side plate; 8 - suspension mechanism; 9 - crossbeam; 10 - slide rail assembly; 11 - seat; 12 - shock absorber; 13 - rear slide rail assembly; 14 - rear crossbeam; 15 - front crossbeam; 16 - right side plate; 17 - rear frame; 18 - rear thrust cylinder; 19 - front thrust cylinder; 20 (a, b) - fixed seat; 21 - mounting seat; 22 - boat-shaped sleeper; 23 - telescopic cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] like Figures 1-7As shown, the edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width function includes a front frame, a rear frame 17, and an articulated frame assembly 6. The front frame and the rear frame 17 are connected by the articulated frame assembly 6. The frame rigidity meets the requirement that the deformation under a 510kN excitation force is ≤2mm. The front frame includes a width-adjusting compaction device, a slide rail assembly, an anti-rollover support device, and an edge distance sensing alarm linkage control system. The width-adjusting compaction device includes a double steel wheel assembly and a vibration control device. The double steel wheel assembly includes two vibrating wheels 2 arranged side by side. A high-strength alloy wear-resistant layer with a hardness ≥45HRC is welded to the outer side of the wheel rim, extending its service life by 2 times compared to ordinary steel wheels. Each vibrating wheel is connected to a suspension mechanism 8 on both sides. The vibrating wheels are mounted on the front frame assembly via the suspension mechanisms. The front frame assembly consists of a left side plate 7, a right side plate 16, a front crossbeam 15, and a rear crossbeam 14. The left side plate 7 and right side plate 16 are respectively connected to two suspension mechanisms 8. The slide rail assembly includes a front slide rail assembly 10 and a rear slide rail assembly 13. The front frame assemblies of both vibrating wheels are located between the front and rear slide rail assemblies and are connected to the front... A horizontal movement drive device is provided between the front and rear slide rail assemblies. The horizontal movement drive device includes a front thrust cylinder 19 and a rear thrust cylinder 18. The fixed end of the front thrust cylinder is connected to a fixed seat 20a on the front slide rail assembly 10, and the movable end is connected to the front crossbeam 15 of the front frame assembly. The fixed end of the rear thrust cylinder 18 is connected to a fixed seat 20b on the rear slide rail assembly, and the movable end is connected to the rear crossbeam 14 of the front frame assembly. The front and rear thrust cylinders, through the extension and retraction of piston rods, drive the front and rear crossbeams of the front frame assembly along the front and rear slide rails respectively. The assembly moves horizontally, which in turn drives the vibrating wheels to move horizontally, allowing the working width of the two vibrating wheels to expand from the minimum to the maximum, covering edge working surfaces of different widths. The horizontal movement drive device has no easily damaged parts such as gears and lead screws, completely avoiding mechanical jamming and wear, and the adjustment response time is ≤0.5s. The front and rear slide rail assemblies have the same structure, both including a fixed part and a movable part, and a copper strip is assembled between them. The slide rail assembly is heat-treated to achieve a hardness of 220-250HB, and the inner side of the slide rail assembly is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant coating with a friction coefficient ≤0.15. The front crossbeam 15 of the front frame assembly is connected to the movable part of the front slide rail assembly 10, and the rear crossbeam 14 is connected to the movable part of the rear slide rail assembly 13. The fixed part of the front slide rail assembly 10 is connected to the anti-rollover support device, and the fixed part of the rear slide rail assembly 13 is connected to the hinge frame assembly 6. The vibrating wheel is connected to the vibration control device, which includes a PLC controller, a hydraulic pump, a vibration motor, and a vibration sensor. The PLC controller is connected to the hydraulic pump and the vibration motor. The hydraulic pump is connected to the vibration motor, and the output shaft of the vibration motor is connected to the eccentric block vibration chamber inside the vibrating wheel to reduce power transmission loss. The vibration sensor is installed on the vibrating wheel. The hydraulic pump takes power from the engine and adjusts the output flow through the hydraulic proportional valve to drive the vibration motor to rotate, thereby driving the eccentric block inside the vibrating wheel to generate excitation force. The PLC controller receives the amplitude data from the vibration sensor in real time and adjusts the opening of the proportional valve through the PID algorithm to ensure that the vibrating wheel outputs an excitation force of 510kN. Meanwhile, based on the thickness of the subbase material, 44cm is preferred. Vibration wave transmission model calculations ensure that vibration energy is evenly transmitted to the bottom of the subbase, meeting the compaction standard of relative density ≥99%, and improving vibration energy utilization by 35% compared to traditional equipment. The rear frame 17 is equipped with a cab 3 and a hood 4 on top. The cab has a shock-absorbing device at the bottom and adopts a forward-leaning ergonomic design with a field of vision ≥120°. It is equipped with a shock-absorbing seat 11 with a vibration reduction efficiency ≥80% and a heating and cooling air conditioner to reduce operator fatigue during long-term work. The cab contains a control system and operating system. Below the hood 4 are conventional power systems, fuel systems, intake systems, exhaust systems, cooling systems, hydraulic systems, electrical systems, and a tilting device. A high-altitude adaptation device is also included. A fully hydraulic walking system 5 is symmetrically installed at the bottom of the rear frame, enabling precise low-speed travel of 2-3 km / h without mechanical impact, meeting the stable operation requirements of dam slopes.

[0025] The aforementioned high-altitude adaptation device is integrated into the control system, including a turbocharged diesel engine power compensation module, an oxygen concentration compensation device, and a hydraulic oil temperature control module. The turbocharged diesel engine power compensation module uses a turbocharged diesel engine, increasing the intake air pressure through an exhaust gas turbocharger to achieve 15% power compensation. The oxygen concentration compensation device collects the intake air oxygen concentration in real time. When the concentration is <21%, the controller automatically adjusts the fuel injection quantity of the injection pump to ensure that the engine maintains a power retention rate of ≥95% with no significant power loss at altitudes above 3000m. The hydraulic oil temperature control module includes a controller and a connected... The system includes a temperature sensor, an electric heating rod, and a plate heat exchanger, adaptable to temperature differences of -30℃ to 50℃. The electric heating rod is installed at the bottom of the hydraulic oil tank. When the hydraulic oil temperature is less than -10℃, the controller activates the heating rod to preheat the oil to 15-26℃, preventing system jamming caused by increased viscosity at low temperatures. The plate heat exchanger is connected in series with the hydraulic system's return oil circuit. When the oil temperature is greater than 40℃, the plate heat exchanger is activated for forced heat dissipation, controlling the oil temperature between 20-50℃ to ensure the sealing and response speed of hydraulic components (cylinders, pumps, valves). The temperature sensor is used to collect the oil temperature in real time, realizing automatic closed-loop temperature control.

[0026] The aforementioned anti-rollover support device is located at the front of the front slide rail assembly 10, including outriggers 1 and a crossbeam 9. The crossbeam 9 is installed at the front of the front slide rail assembly 10. Two outriggers 1 are symmetrically arranged at the front of the crossbeam 9 and are fixedly connected to the crossbeam via mounting bases 21. Each outrigger has a built-in telescopic cylinder 23, and the telescopic ends of both cylinders are connected to a ship-shaped sleeper 22. Figure 6 , 7As shown, during compaction operations, the operator needs to precisely adjust the outriggers to a preset, reasonable height range by operating the control switch. This height is typically set between 100mm and 240mm above the ground level where the vibratory wheel is in contact with the ground. This parameter setting has three key functions: First, it allows the edge compaction equipment to smoothly cross small obstacles on the ground (such as stones, the edge of shallow pits, etc.) during movement, preventing the outriggers or equipment from getting stuck and interrupting the operation; second, it completely avoids interference with the vibration compaction effect of the edge compaction equipment, ensuring uniform overall compaction quality; and finally, it can provide immediate support in the event of a risk of sinking or tilting of the vibratory wheel due to changes in ground bearing capacity, providing reliable protection for the safety of the equipment and the operator. In non-compaction operation states, such as during equipment relocation or uphill climbing, the operator can raise the outriggers to their highest position and lock them in place using a control switch. The retractable design of the outriggers in this state effectively prevents interference with the ground or obstacles, ensuring smooth uphill passage and flexible relocation of the edge compaction equipment, without affecting its overall mobility. Furthermore, the vibrating wheels do not need to be disassembled during relocation, reducing the time from 2 hours to 0.5 hours. The bottom of the crossbeam is equipped with a rubber anti-slip pad, 20-30mm thick, with a diamond-shaped pattern. The connection points between the outriggers and the frame are reinforced with welded ribs, and the shear strength of the connection points is ≥300MPa.

[0027] The aforementioned edge distance sensing alarm linkage control system includes a control module, a connected distance detection module, and an execution module. The distance detection module includes two IP67-rated laser rangefinders, which are respectively mounted on the edge of the two vibrating wheel frames (near the dam slope side) via waterproof brackets at a 45° angle. This angle avoids the wheel rims obstructing the measurement optical path during vibration and reduces scattering interference from dust in the subgrade material. The laser rangefinders move synchronously with the extension and retraction of the vibrating wheel, ensuring that the monitoring point and the working edge are always in the optimal detection position, enabling real-time capture of distance changes between the vibrating wheel and the dam slope edge. The connecting wiring harness uses shielded twisted-pair cable and is integrated into the vehicle frame cover. The inner side of the casing features an IP65-rated metal protective sleeve to prevent construction collisions and dust intrusion. The laser rangefinder sensor supports longitudinal ±15° angle adjustment, allowing for flexible adaptation of the detection angle to the dam slope. When the laser rangefinder sensor detects that the distance between the vibrating wheel and the ground edge exceeds a set threshold, the system immediately triggers a 110dB audible and visual alarm in the cab (horn sounds at 2Hz, red warning light flashes), while simultaneously the cab seat vibrates at 5Hz, providing a dual warning to enhance operator awareness. The control module, integrated into the cab's control system, can preset a 0-5cm safe distance threshold, receive sensor data, and make judgments. The control module uses an STM32F407 microcontroller. The microcontroller serves as the core controller, integrating A / D conversion, data processing, and command output functions. The controller panel features a "threshold adjustment button," allowing operators to set a safe distance threshold based on the dam slope gradient (1:1.5 to 1:2.5), with a default value of 3-5 cm and adjustment increments of 1 cm. The controller receives distance data from the laser rangefinder via an RS485 bus, comparing it in real-time with the preset threshold to determine if the distance exceeds the limit (>threshold) or if there is a collision risk (<0 cm). Simultaneously, the controller is linked with the vibration control device and the fully hydraulic walking system to achieve coordinated control of multiple parameters. The execution module includes an audible and visual alarm, a vibration indicator, and a walking system linkage unit; the audible and visual alarm is installed in the driver's cab. The top-mounted alarm emits a 110dB sound, which can cover construction noise, and flashes a red LED light, with a visibility distance of ≥100m. The vibration indicator is installed under the driver's seat and generates a 5Hz vibration when the alarm is triggered, providing a tactile alert to the operator. The walking system linkage unit controls the flow valve of the walking hydraulic motor via a relay. When the distance exceeds the allowable range, the controller automatically sends a deceleration command to the fully hydraulic walking system, reducing the travel speed and forcibly slowing down the work rhythm until the operator adjusts the position of the vibrating wheel and the distance returns to within the threshold, forming an active safety closed loop of "detection-alarm-intervention". If the operator fails to make timely adjustments after the set time has elapsed, an "emergency stop" is immediately triggered.

[0028] Waterproof cameras are installed on the outside of both vibrating wheel frames. The waterproof cameras are connected to the control system in the cab. The waterproof cameras move synchronously with the extension and retraction of the vibrating wheel body to ensure that the shooting angle is always focused on the contact area between the vibrating wheel body and the edge.

[0029] The aforementioned cab is equipped with a switchable display screen, which is connected to the control system and linked with the laser rangefinder and waterproof camera to synchronously display real-time distance data and video footage of the wheel flange and dam slope. The operator can switch the left and right vibrating wheel images in real time via a switch to clearly observe the contact status between the wheel flange and the edge of the dam slope, avoiding misjudgment of distance due to blind spots.

[0030] The aforementioned vehicle frame has an integrally openable cover on the outside and an external hydraulic pressure test point on the inside.

[0031] The aforementioned vehicle frame is equipped with a wide-angle camera at the center of the rear. The wide-angle camera is connected to the control system in the cab and has a 120° field of view. When the edge compaction equipment moves backward to adjust its working position, the display screen automatically switches to the rear view to show personnel, materials or terrain obstacles behind the vehicle frame in real time, avoiding the risk of collision during backward operation. All camera images support brightness adjustment and magnification functions to adapt to complex construction environments such as strong light and dust.

[0032] The control method for the aforementioned edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width includes the following steps: S1. Equipment Transfer and System Initialization To facilitate relocation and transportation, initially, the distance between the two vibrating rollers 2 is reduced to the minimum width; the edge compaction equipment is transported to the work area, and the high-altitude adaptation system is activated according to the ambient temperature: if the ambient temperature is <-10℃, the electric heating rod is activated to preheat the hydraulic oil to 15-26℃; the distance between the two vibrating rollers is adjusted to a suitable width; the edge distance sensing alarm linkage control system is activated, and the safety threshold is set according to the dam slope to complete the system initialization; S2, Double Steel Wheel Assembly Width Adjustment According to the working width requirements of the dam slope edge, the width adjustment command is sent through the control system in the cab, so that the piston rods of the front thrust cylinder 19 and the rear thrust cylinder 18 of the horizontal movement drive device extend, driving the two front frame assemblies in the double steel wheel assembly to drive the two vibrating wheels 2 to move outward horizontally along the front slide rail assembly 10 and the rear slide rail assembly 13 respectively, expanding to the set working width, and the front and rear thrust cylinders are locked. S3. Edge compaction operation and synchronous control Start the full hydraulic walking system 5 and set the travel speed to 2-3 km / h; start the vibration control device, and the PLC controller adjusts the hydraulic pump flow to drive the two vibration wheels 2 to output excitation force in coordination; the vibration sensor collects the vibration amplitude of the vibration wheel in real time and feeds it back to the controller; if the bottom amplitude of the 44cm paving thickness is <0.8mm, the excitation force is automatically increased to 510kN; Simultaneously, the laser rangefinder sensors collect real-time data on the distances between the two front frame assemblies and the dam slope, and transmit the data to the control module to perform the following operations: (1) If the distance is within the threshold range, the edge compaction equipment will operate normally; (2) If the distance exceeds the allowable range, the sound and light alarm and the vibration indicator will start simultaneously, and the display screen will flash the red distance value to remind the operator to make adjustments; (3) If the distance exceeds the allowable range, the controller will automatically send a speed reduction command to the fully hydraulic walking system to reduce the travel speed; if the operator does not make timely adjustments after the set time is reached, the "emergency stop" will be triggered immediately. S4. Operation Monitoring and Maintenance After each two passes of compaction, check the compaction parameters, including amplitude, frequency, and distance, on the cab display screen. If the hydraulic system pressure is abnormal, i.e., deviates from 15-25 MPa, open the overall openable cover and check through the external hydraulic pressure measuring point. After the operation is completed, clean the dust from the surface of the laser rangefinder sensor and add grease to the vibration bearing.

[0033] The two vibratory rollers 2 mentioned above can perform vibratory compaction simultaneously or individually. Depending on the actual needs, during the edge compaction construction of the rockfill dam, only the outer vibratory roller outputs excitation force, while the inner vibratory roller does not work, in order to protect the compacted foundation.

[0034] The control method of the edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width function of the present invention will be described in detail below through an embodiment.

[0035] A control method for an edge compaction device with adjustable compaction width includes the following specific steps: S1. Equipment Transfer and System Initialization (1) Preparation for relocation: Transport the edge compaction equipment to the edge operation area of ​​the dam body by flatbed truck. If the operation environment is high-altitude (altitude ≥ 3000m) and the ambient temperature is < -10℃, start the electric heating rod of the high-altitude adaptation device to preheat the hydraulic oil to 15~26℃ to avoid damage to hydraulic components due to low temperature start-up. (2) Width contraction: Adjust the horizontal movement drive device to control the piston rods of the front and rear thrust cylinders to contract. Through the movement of the front frame assembly, the width of the two vibrating wheels is contracted to the minimum, which makes it easier for the edge compaction equipment to travel along the edge road of the dam slope to the specific working surface. The transfer time is about 0.5 hours. (3) Alarm system calibration: Activate the edge distance sensing alarm linkage control system, align the laser rangefinder with the calibration plate of known distance, and correct the measurement deviation through the "calibration button" of the controller; set the safety distance threshold according to the current dam slope and complete the system initialization; S2, Double Steel Wheel Assembly Width Adjustment (1) Width setting: Based on the actual width of the working surface on the edge of the dam slope, input the target working width through the cab display screen, and the controller sends an adjustment command to the horizontal movement drive device; (2) Precision drive: The piston rods of the front and rear thrust cylinders extend, driving the front frame assembly and the vibrating wheel to expand horizontally along the front and rear slide rail assemblies. During the expansion process, the controller receives the signals from the displacement sensors of the front and rear thrust cylinders in real time. When the width reaches the target working width, the thrust cylinders automatically lock, and the adjustment error is ≤5mm. S3. Edge compaction operation and synchronous control (1) Walking and vibration start: Start the full hydraulic walking system and set the walking speed to 2.5km / h; at the same time, start the vibration control device. The PLC controller sends a command to the hydraulic pump to control the vibration of two or one vibration wheel; (2) Compaction parameter monitoring: Vibration sensors collect vibration data of the vibrating wheel in real time and feed it back to the display screen in the cab; (3) Closed-loop control of edge distance: The laser rangefinder collects distance data every 100ms and transmits it to the controller. a. Normal operating conditions: When the distance is within the allowable range, the equipment maintains the travel speed and the set vibration parameters during operation; b. Over-limit warning: If the distance exceeds the allowable range, the audible and visual alarm and vibration indicator will be activated simultaneously, and the display screen will flash the red distance value to remind the operator to make adjustments; c. Speed ​​reduction / stop: If the distance exceeds the allowable range, the controller will automatically send a speed reduction command to the fully hydraulic walking system to reduce the travel speed; if the operator does not make adjustments in time after the set time is reached, "emergency stop" will be triggered immediately. (4) Multiple rolling: According to the design requirements, such as 6 to 8 times, the equipment rolls back and forth along the edge of the working surface. After each rolling, the width of the vibrating wheel is finely adjusted by the controller to avoid missed rolling and ensure full coverage of the working surface. S4. Operation Monitoring and Maintenance (1) Real-time monitoring: After every two passes of compaction, check the key parameters on the cab display screen: hydraulic system pressure, hydraulic oil temperature, steel wheel amplitude, and edge distance. If any abnormal parameters are found, stop the machine immediately for inspection. (2) Hydraulic system inspection: If the hydraulic system pressure deviates from the normal range, open the overall opening cover on the outside of the frame. The opening time is <5min. Connect the pressure gauge through the external hydraulic pressure test point to test the specific circuit pressure and locate the fault point, such as cylinder leakage or pump wear. (3) Sensor maintenance: After the operation is completed, start the anti-rollover support device to lift the vibrating wheel off the ground, use a high-pressure air gun to clean the dust on the surface of the laser rangefinder sensor to avoid affecting the accuracy of the next measurement, and check whether the sensor connection harness is damaged. (4) Lubrication replenishment: If the edge compaction equipment has accumulated 100 hours of operation, start the electric lubrication pump of the vibratory bearing and add No. 3 lithium-based grease to ensure sufficient lubrication of the bearing; S5. Work completion and transition (1) System shutdown: After the rolling of the working surface is completed, first turn off the vibration control device, and then turn off the full hydraulic walking system; (2) Width contraction: Adjust the horizontal movement drive device to minimize the distance between the two vibrating wheels; (3) Equipment transfer: drive the edge compaction equipment along the edge road of the dam slope to the next working face, or transport it to the edge compaction equipment parking area to complete the edge compaction operation.

[0036] The parts of this invention not described in detail are prior art. Although the invention has been specifically shown and introduced in conjunction with preferred embodiments, there are many methods and approaches to implement this technical solution. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A rolling mill with adjustable compaction width, comprising a front frame, a rear frame, and an articulated frame assembly, wherein the front frame and the rear frame are connected via the articulated frame assembly; characterized in that: The front frame includes a width adjustment and compaction device, a slide rail assembly, an anti-rollover support device, and an edge distance sensing alarm and linkage control system. The width adjustment and compaction device includes a double steel wheel assembly and a vibration control device. The double steel wheel assembly includes two vibrating wheels arranged side by side. Each vibrating wheel is connected to a suspension mechanism on both its left and right sides. The vibrating wheels are mounted on the front frame assembly via the suspension mechanisms. The front frame assembly consists of a left side plate, a right side plate, a front crossbeam, and a rear crossbeam. The left and right side plates are respectively connected to two suspension mechanisms. The slide rail... The assembly includes a front slide rail assembly and a rear slide rail assembly. The front frame assembly of the two vibrating wheels is located between the front and rear slide rail assemblies, and a horizontal movement drive device is provided between the front and rear slide rail assemblies. The front and rear slide rail assemblies each include a fixed part and a movable part. The front crossbeam of the front frame assembly is connected to the movable part of the front slide rail assembly, and the rear crossbeam is connected to the movable part of the rear slide rail assembly. The fixed part of the front slide rail assembly is connected to the anti-rollover support device, and the fixed part of the rear slide rail assembly is connected to the hinge frame assembly. The vibrating wheels are connected to the vibration control device.

2. The edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear frame is equipped with a cab and engine cover on top. The cab contains a control system and operating system. The rear frame is equipped with a high-altitude adaptation device. A fully hydraulic walking system is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the rear frame.

3. The edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal movement drive device includes a front thrust cylinder and a rear thrust cylinder. The fixed end of the front thrust cylinder is connected to a fixed seat on the front slide rail assembly, and the movable end is connected to the front crossbeam of the front frame assembly. The fixed end of the rear thrust cylinder is connected to a fixed seat on the rear slide rail assembly, and the movable end is connected to the rear crossbeam of the front frame assembly.

4. The edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration control device includes a PLC controller, a hydraulic pump, a vibration motor, and a vibration sensor. The PLC controller is connected to the hydraulic pump and the vibration motor. The hydraulic pump is connected to the vibration motor. The output shaft of the vibration motor is connected to an eccentric block-type vibration chamber inside the vibration wheel. The vibration sensor is mounted on the vibration wheel.

5. The edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-rollover support device is located at the front of the front slide rail assembly and includes outriggers and a crossbeam. The crossbeam is installed at the front of the front slide rail assembly, and two outriggers are symmetrically arranged at the front of the crossbeam. The outriggers have built-in telescopic cylinders.

6. The edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-altitude adaptation device is integrated into the control system, including a turbocharged diesel engine power compensation module, an oxygen concentration compensation device, and a hydraulic oil temperature control module; the hydraulic oil temperature control module includes a controller, as well as a temperature sensor, an electric heating rod, and a plate heat exchanger connected thereto.

7. The edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge distance sensing alarm linkage control system includes a control module, a distance detection module and an execution module connected thereto. The distance detection module includes two laser rangefinders, which are respectively installed at the edge positions of the two vibrating wheel frame bodies to collect the distance between the two front frame assemblies and the slope of the dam in real time. The control module is a single-chip microcomputer integrated into the control system in the driver's cab to receive data from the laser rangefinders and make judgments. The execution module includes an audible and visual alarm, a vibration indicator, and a walking system linkage unit.

8. The edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Waterproof cameras are installed on the outside of both vibrating wheel frames, and the waterproof cameras are connected to the control system in the driver's cab.

9. The edge compaction equipment with adjustable compaction width function according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes one or more of the following features: (1) The bottom of the cab is equipped with a shock absorption device; (2) The driver's cab is equipped with a switchable display screen, which is connected to the control system; (3) The outer side of the frame is provided with an integrally openable cover, and the inner side is provided with an external hydraulic pressure measuring point; (4) A wide-angle camera is installed at the center of the rear of the vehicle frame, and the wide-angle camera is connected to the control system in the driver's cab.

10. A control method for an edge compaction device with adjustable compaction width as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Equipment Transfer and System Initialization Initially, reduce the distance between the two vibrating wheels to the minimum width; transport the edge compaction equipment to the work area, and activate the high-altitude adaptation system according to the ambient temperature: if the ambient temperature is <-10℃, activate the electric heating rod to preheat the hydraulic oil to 15~26℃; adjust the distance between the two vibrating wheels to a suitable width; activate the edge distance sensing alarm linkage control system, set the safety threshold according to the dam slope, and complete the system initialization; S2, Double Steel Wheel Assembly Width Adjustment According to the working width requirements at the edge of the dam slope, the width adjustment command is sent through the control system in the cab, causing the piston rods of the front and rear thrust cylinders of the horizontal movement drive device to extend, driving the two front frame assemblies in the double steel wheel assembly to drive the two vibrating wheels to move outward horizontally along the front and rear slide rail assemblies respectively, expanding to the set working width, and locking the front and rear thrust cylinders. S3. Edge compaction operation and synchronous control Start the full hydraulic walking system and set the travel speed; the vibration control device is activated, the PLC controller adjusts the hydraulic pump flow, and drives the two vibration wheels to output excitation force in coordination. Vibration sensors collect the vibration amplitude of the vibrating wheel in real time and feed it back to the controller; simultaneously, laser rangefinders collect the distances between the two front frame assemblies and the dam slope in real time, and transmit the data to the control module to perform the following operations: (1) If the distance is within the threshold range, the edge compaction equipment will operate normally; (2) If the distance exceeds the allowable range, the sound and light alarm and the vibration indicator will start simultaneously, and the display screen will flash the red distance value to remind the operator to make adjustments; (3) If the distance exceeds the allowable range, the controller will automatically send a speed reduction command to the fully hydraulic walking system to reduce the travel speed; if the operator does not make timely adjustments after the set time is reached, the "emergency stop" will be triggered immediately. S4. Operation Monitoring and Maintenance After each two passes of compaction, check the compaction parameters, including amplitude, frequency, and distance, on the display screen in the cab. If any abnormal pressure is detected in the hydraulic system, open the overall opening cover and check the external hydraulic pressure test point.

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