Enthalpy change energy storage application system
By using enthalpy-varying energy storage systems, the problem of energy mismatch between heat sources and end users is solved, enabling flexible energy dispatch and efficient heat storage and release, thus improving the system's adaptability and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 陈定兴
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, there is a mismatch between the energy consumption form, power level, and supply rhythm between the heat source and end users, resulting in low efficiency of heat energy storage and release and an inability to achieve flexible energy dispatch.
An enthalpy-change energy storage application system is adopted, including an enthalpy-change heating system, an energy storage device, and a heating component. The enthalpy-change heating device transfers the enthalpy-change heat from the heat source side to the user side. The heat storage material is used for layered energy storage and release. Heat exchange is carried out by combining a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger and a secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger to achieve flexible heat supply.
It achieves abundant enthalpy-varying heat sources, a wide range of thermal storage materials, a compact device structure, minimal interference of heating components with the application system, and a wide range of matching options, enabling on-demand energy release from the heat source side and improving the flexibility of energy dispatch.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to thermal energy storage technology and applications, and more particularly to an enthalpy-varying energy storage application system. Background Technology
[0002] Heat consumption is concentrated in two major markets: industrial production and residential heating. According to incomplete statistics released in recent years, industrial production accounts for approximately 68% of heat consumption in my country, while residential heating accounts for approximately 32%, with agricultural consumption being negligible. Industries such as chemical, papermaking, pharmaceutical, textile, and non-ferrous metal smelting are major consumers of heat and also major emitters of waste heat. Residential heating is mainly used for heating, cooling, and domestic hot water in residential buildings. To address the mismatch between energy consumption patterns, power output, and supply rhythm between heat sources and end users, an enthalpy-variable energy storage application system is proposed. This system constructs a flexible energy dispatching model where the enthalpy-variable heating and energy storage load on the heat source side moves with the heat source, and the energy storage release heat source moves with the load when the end user consumes energy. This achieves energy storage optimization based on heat source capacity and energy supply based on demand. The invention provides an enthalpy-variable energy storage application system, including an enthalpy-variable heating system, an energy storage device, and heating components. The enthalpy-variable heating system includes an enthalpy-variable heating device, heat transfer medium piping components, and a heat transfer... Composed of heat working fluid power and / or control components, it provides heat to the application system, including gas heating, primary side heating / cooling, production steam, or turbine heat source working fluid. The advantages of an enthalpy-varying energy storage application system are: abundant enthalpy-varying heat sources, a wide range of heat storage materials, and a compact structure due to the use of layered energy storage and release technology. The heat exchange and heating of the heating components have little interference with the application system, and the application system has a wide range of matching options. An enthalpy-varying energy storage application system can be implemented as a project for waste heat recovery and utilization, and capacity expansion of thermal power plant heating. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This invention provides an enthalpy-change energy storage application system, including an enthalpy-change heating system, an energy storage device, and a heating component. The enthalpy-change heating system comprises an enthalpy-change heating device, a heat transfer medium piping component, and a heat transfer medium power and / or control component. Its characteristic is that:
[0004] The enthalpy change heating device includes a heat source side, a usage side, and a partition wall separating the heat source side and the usage side. The heat source side is the enthalpy change heat release of the fluid medium and / or the enthalpy change heat release of the solid medium and / or the heat release of the chemical reaction of the reactants. The heat released on the heat source side is transferred to the usage side through the partition wall, and the heat transfer medium on the usage side obtains heat.
[0005] The energy storage device includes a heat storage container 1, a heat storage material 2, a heat transfer medium 3, a heating system cold flow pipe 41, and a heating system hot flow pipe 51. The heat storage container 1 contains the heat storage material 2 and the heat transfer medium 3. The heat transfer medium 3 is a fluid, and the heat storage material 2 is a solid or a package or a liquid that is the same as the heat transfer medium 3.
[0006] The heating system cold flow pipe 41 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor, and its outer end is connected to the heat transfer working fluid pipe input end of the enthalpy change heating system.
[0007] The heating system heat flow pipe 51 is connected to the upper part of the heat storage container 1 or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor, and its outer end is connected to the output end of the heat transfer working fluid pipe of the enthalpy change heating system.
[0008] The heating component is a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger heating component and / or a secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger heating component.
[0009] The heating components of the homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger include a heating system cold flow pipe 42, a heating system hot flow pipe 52, and an external heat exchanger E10. The heating system cold flow pipe 42 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor. The heating system hot flow pipe 52 is connected to the upper part of the heat storage container 1 or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor. The heat exchange medium input and output pipes on the primary side of the external heat exchanger are respectively connected to the heating system hot flow pipe 52 and the heating system cold flow pipe 42. There may be heat transfer medium power and / or control components on the heat exchange medium pipes. The heat exchange medium cold flow pipe E101 and the heat exchange medium hot flow pipe E102 are connected to the heat exchange medium input and output ports on the secondary side of the external heat exchanger E10.
[0010] The heating components of the secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger include an immersion heat exchanger 10, a cold flow pipe 101 for the heat exchange medium, and a hot flow pipe 102 for the heat exchange medium. The immersion heat exchanger 10 is installed in the upper or middle-upper fluid cavity of the heat storage container 1. The cold flow pipe 101 and the hot flow pipe 102 for the heat exchange medium are connected to the heat exchange medium input and output ports of the immersion heat exchanger 10.
[0011] Preferred technical features: The solid heat storage material 2 includes one or more of a metal-based heat storage element and / or a metal ore and / or a non-metal ore and / or magnesium oxide granules, iron oxide granules, iron tetroxide granules, and silicon dioxide granules and / or metallurgical slag granules, metal granules, silica granules, rock granules, and gravel; the heat storage material 2 encapsulation body is a heat storage element that encapsulates phase change heat storage material or heat storage material that does not come into contact with the outside world within a solid shell; the heat storage material 2 is a liquid similar to the heat transfer medium 3, including molten salt, acid / alkali liquid, or acid / alkali solution; the heat transfer medium 3 is fluid, including gas, liquid, two-phase or three-phase mixed fluid heat transfer medium, including air, nitrogen, clean flue gas, water and / or water vapor, molten salt, heat transfer oil, acid / alkali liquid or acid / alkali solution, solution, mixed fluid containing solid particles, and other thermally stable fluids.
[0012] Preferred technical features: The enthalpy change heating device includes a heat exchange type enthalpy change heating device H2 in which no chemical reaction occurs on the heat source side and a combustion type enthalpy change heating device H3 in which a chemical reaction occurs on the heat source side and releases heat. The heat exchange type enthalpy change heating device H2 includes, but is not limited to, fluid heat exchangers, radiation heating devices, and waste heat boilers. The combustion type enthalpy change heating device H3 includes, but is not limited to, biomass boilers, gas fuel boilers such as gas-fired boilers, oil boilers, and coal-fired boilers.
[0013] Preferred technical features: Includes injection and discharge pipe 8 and overflow device 9. The injection and discharge pipe 8 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1. The suction port of the injection and discharge pipe 8 is close to the bottom wall and is below the horizontal plane of the heat transfer medium 3 inlet and outlet of the heating system cold flow pipe and / or bottom fluid distributor. The overflow device 9 is installed on the upper part of the heat storage container 1. The overflow port is level with the upper limit of the working medium liquid level of the heat storage container 1, and the overflow pipe outlet extends out of the heat storage container 1.
[0014] Preferred technical features: Includes a working fluid injection and discharge system, which includes a heat transfer working fluid tank, an injection and discharge unit, a channel connecting the upper part of the heat transfer working fluid tank to the atmospheric environment, a pipeline of the injection and discharge unit connected to the lower part of the heat transfer working fluid tank, an injection and discharge pipeline 8 connected to the injection and discharge unit, and an overflow device 9 whose overflow pipe outlet is connected to the top of the heat transfer working fluid tank; the injection and discharge unit consists of pumps, valves, pipelines and control components, and the unit can be selected to inject heat transfer working fluid 3 from the heat transfer working fluid tank into the heat storage container 1 or to discharge heat transfer working fluid 3 from the heat storage container 1 into the heat transfer working fluid tank.
[0015] Preferred technical features: The external heat exchanger E10 or immersion heat exchanger 10 is a liquid-gas heat exchanger or a liquid-gas heat exchange gas heater, the high-temperature working fluid on its primary side is the heat transfer working fluid 3, and the heat exchange working fluid on its secondary side is the gas or gaseous substance to be heated.
[0016] Preferred technical features: The external heat exchanger E10 or the immersion heat exchanger 10 has a primary side high-temperature working fluid that is a heat transfer working fluid 3, and a secondary side heat exchange working fluid that is a circulating working fluid that needs to be heated in the heating and / or cooling system.
[0017] Preferred technical features: The external heat exchanger E10 or the immersion heat exchanger 10 is a steam generator, the high-temperature working fluid on its primary side is the heat transfer working fluid 3, and the secondary side is water and / or steam-water mixture and / or saturated steam and / or superheated steam that needs to be heated.
[0018] Preferred technical features: The immersion heat exchanger 10 or the external heat exchanger E10 has a primary side high-temperature working medium as a heat transfer medium 3, and its secondary side is connected to the heating medium pipeline of the turbine. The turbine includes, but is not limited to, steam turbines, Stirling engines, expanders, organic Rankine cycle generators, etc.
[0019] The present invention provides an enthalpy-varying energy storage application system, which has the following advantages: abundant enthalpy-varying heat sources, a wide range of heat storage materials, and a compact structure of the energy storage device due to the use of layered energy storage and layered energy release technology. The heat exchange and heating of the heating components have little interference with the application system, and the application system has a wide range of matching options. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange-type enthalpy change heating method for an enthalpy change energy storage application system.
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a combustion-type enthalpy-change heating method for an enthalpy-change energy storage application system.
[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the injection and discharge system of an enthalpy-varying energy storage application system;
[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an enthalpy change energy storage gas heating system;
[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an enthalpy-change energy storage heating and cooling system;
[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an enthalpy-changing energy storage steam production system;
[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an enthalpy-variable energy storage steam turbine power generation system;
[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an enthalpy-variable energy storage Stirling power generation system.
[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0029] H2. Heat exchange type enthalpy change heating device; H3. Combustion type enthalpy change heating device.
[0030] 1. Thermal storage container, 2. Thermal storage material, 3. Heat transfer medium
[0031] 41. Cold flow pipe for heating system; 51. Hot flow pipe for heating system.
[0032] 42. Cold flow pipes in the heating system; 52. Hot flow pipes in the heating system.
[0033] 8. Injection and drainage pipes; 9. Overflow device;
[0034] 10. Immersion heat exchanger; 101. Cold flow pipe for heat exchange medium; 102. Hot flow pipe for heat exchange medium.
[0035] E10. External heat exchanger; E101. Cold flow pipe for heat exchange medium; E102. Hot flow pipe for heat exchange medium.
[0036] A0. Gas heater, A01. Gas cold flow pipe, A02. Gas hot flow pipe
[0037] A1. Heating / cooling system; A11. Cold flow pipe for heating medium; A12. Hot flow pipe for heating medium.
[0038] A2. Steam generator; A21. Low-temperature water flow pipe; A22. High-temperature steam flow pipe.
[0039] A311. Steam turbine power generation system; A322. Stirling engine power generation system. Detailed Implementation
[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0041] Example 1: The basic structure of an enthalpy-varying energy storage application system, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown.
[0042] In this embodiment, the system includes an enthalpy change heating system, an energy storage device, and a heating component. The enthalpy change heating system consists of an enthalpy change heating device, a heat transfer medium pipeline component, and a heat transfer medium power and / or control component.
[0043] The energy storage device includes a heat storage container 1, a heat storage material 2, a heat transfer medium 3, a cold flow pipe 41 for the heating system, and a hot flow pipe 51 for the heating system;
[0044] The heat storage container 1 contains heat storage material 2 and heat transfer medium 3. The heat transfer medium 3 is a fluid, and the heat storage material 2 is a solid or a package or the same liquid as the heat transfer medium 3.
[0045] The heating system cold flow pipe 41 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor, and its outer end is connected to the heat transfer working fluid pipe input end of the enthalpy change heating system.
[0046] The heating system heat flow pipe 51 is connected to the upper part of the heat storage container 1 or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor, and its outer end is connected to the output end of the heat transfer working fluid pipe of the enthalpy change heating system.
[0047] The heating component is a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger heating component. Figure 1 As shown, and / or secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger heating components, Figure 2 As shown;
[0048] The heating components of the homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger include a heating system cold flow pipe 42, a heating system hot flow pipe 52, and an external heat exchanger E10. The heating system cold flow pipe 42 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor. The heating system hot flow pipe 52 is connected to the upper part of the heat storage container 1 or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor. The heat exchange medium input and output pipes on the primary side of the external heat exchanger are respectively connected to the heating system hot flow pipe 52 and the heating system cold flow pipe 42. There may be heat transfer medium power and / or control components on the heat exchange medium pipes. The heat exchange medium cold flow pipe E101 and the heat exchange medium hot flow pipe E102 are connected to the heat exchange medium input and output ports on the secondary side of the external heat exchanger E10.
[0049] The heating components of the secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger include an immersion heat exchanger 10, a cold flow pipe 101 for the heat exchange medium, and a hot flow pipe 102 for the heat exchange medium. The immersion heat exchanger 10 is installed in the upper or middle-upper fluid cavity of the heat storage container 1. The cold flow pipe 101 and the hot flow pipe 102 for the heat exchange medium are connected to the heat exchange medium input and output ports of the immersion heat exchanger 10.
[0050] The heat storage material 2 adopts a metal-based heat storage element, but is not limited to it. The solid heat storage material 2 is stacked together, forming gaps between each other. The heat transfer medium 3 adopts heat transfer oil, but is not limited to it. The heat transfer medium 3 is stable and does not react with the solid surface of the heat storage material 2. The heat storage material 2 and the heat transfer medium 3 can use the same molten salt.
[0051] The enthalpy change heating device of the enthalpy change heating system is as follows: Figure 1 The heat exchange enthalpy change heating device H2 shown, or as... Figure 2 The combustion-type enthalpy change heating device H3 is shown.
[0052] The injection and discharge pipe 8 connects to the bottom of the heat storage container 1, with its suction port close to the bottom wall and below the horizontal plane of the heat transfer medium 3 inlet and outlet of the bottom fluid distributor. The overflow device 9 is installed on the upper part of the heat storage container 1, with the overflow port level with the upper limit of the working medium liquid level of the heat storage container 1 and the overflow pipe outlet extending out of the heat storage container 1.
[0053] Optional additional working fluid injection and dispensing systems, such as Figure 3 As shown, it includes a heat transfer medium tank, an injection and discharge unit, a channel connecting the upper part of the heat transfer medium tank to the atmospheric environment, an injection and discharge unit pipeline connected to the lower part of the heat transfer medium tank, an injection and discharge pipeline 8 connected to the injection and discharge unit, and an overflow device 9 whose overflow pipe outlet is connected to the top of the heat transfer medium tank. The injection and discharge unit consists of pumps, valves, pipelines, and control components. By selecting the unit's operating mode, heat transfer medium 3 can be injected from the heat transfer medium tank into the heat storage container 1 or discharged from the heat storage container 1 into the heat transfer medium tank.
[0054] This embodiment describes the basic structure of an enthalpy-varying energy storage application system and its additional working fluid injection and discharge system, the operation of which can be divided into the following four basic processes.
[0055] Process 1: Enthalpy Change Heating Process
[0056] The enthalpy-change heating device of the enthalpy-change heating system transfers the enthalpy-change heat from the heat source side to the user side. The heat transfer medium 3 flows through the user side of the enthalpy-change heating device and absorbs heat to raise its temperature. Under the action of the heat transfer medium power and / or control components, the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is input from the cold flow pipe 41 of the heating system through the heat transfer medium pipe component of the enthalpy-change heating system, and the high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is output to the hot flow pipe 51 of the heating system through the heat transfer medium pipe component of the enthalpy-change heating system, so as to realize the continuous transfer of enthalpy-change heat to the heat transfer medium 3.
[0057] Process 2: Heating and Energy Storage Process
[0058] High-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is input, that is, high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is input through the heating system heat flow pipe 51, or distributed through the upper fluid distributor and flooded into the upper part of the heat storage container 1.
[0059] The low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is output, that is, the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 at the bottom of the heat storage container 1, or distributed through the bottom fluid distributor and output through the heating system cold flow pipe 41.
[0060] The heat transfer medium 3 enters at a high temperature and exits at a low temperature, increasing the total internal energy of the heat storage material 3 in the heat storage container 1. The heating and energy storage process ends when the temperature difference between the heat transfer medium 3 entering and exiting approaches zero.
[0061] Within the operating temperature range, the higher the liquid phase temperature of the heat transfer medium 3, the lower its density. A temperature gradient layer is formed between the upper high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 and the lower low-temperature heat transfer medium 3, which hinders convective heat transfer between the upper and lower layers. The heat transfer medium 3 mainly exchanges heat with the heat storage material 2 in the same layer. At the same time, the heat transfer medium 3 at the bottom of the heat storage container 1 is extracted from the heating system cold flow pipe 41, which keeps the liquid level in the heat storage container 1 basically unchanged and causes the high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 continuously injected into the upper part of the heat storage container 1 to move downward. Meanwhile, the heat storage material 2 in the same layer absorbs heat and its temperature rises, and the high-temperature layer also gradually moves downward. As the temperature of the heat storage material 2 rises and the temperature difference between the heat transfer medium 3 and the heat transfer medium 3 gradually decreases, the heat exchange will gradually weaken until the temperature of the heat transfer medium 3 extracted from the heating system cold flow pipe 41 no longer rises. When the heat exchange reaches equilibrium, the heating and energy storage process ends.
[0062] Process 3: Energy Release and Heating Process
[0063] There are two forms of energy release heating process: one is the energy release heating process using a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger, and the other is the energy release heating process using a secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger.
[0064] The homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger provides heating, including a heating system cold flow pipe 42, a heating system hot flow pipe 52, an external heat exchanger E10, a heat exchange medium cold flow pipe E101, and a heat exchange medium hot flow pipe E102. The heating system cold flow pipe 42 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor. The heating system hot flow pipe 52 is connected to the upper part of the heat storage container 1 or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor. The primary side heat exchange medium input and output pipes of the external heat exchanger E10 are respectively connected to the heating system hot flow pipe 52 and the heating system cold flow pipe 42. The heat exchange medium pipes may have heat transfer medium power and / or control components. The secondary side heat exchange medium input and output ports of the external heat exchanger E10 are respectively connected to the heat exchange medium cold flow pipe E101 and the heat exchange medium hot flow pipe E102.
[0065] The homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger provides heat. Under normal operating conditions, or under the action of the heat transfer medium power and / or control components, the high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is input to the primary side of the external heat exchanger E10 through the heat supply system heat flow pipe 52 from the upper part or upper fluid cavity of the heat storage container 1, or through the upper fluid distributor, for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 flows back to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity through the heat supply system cold flow pipe 42, or through the bottom fluid distributor. The heat transfer medium 3 is input at high temperature and output at low temperature on the primary side of the external heat exchanger E10, and the output heat energy is used to heat the secondary side.
[0066] The homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger provides heat. During the process of low-temperature input and high-temperature output of the heat transfer medium 3, the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 at the bottom rises and absorbs the heat of the heat storage material 2 it touches. The temperature of the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 increases and the temperature of the high-temperature heat storage material 2 decreases. The greater the temperature difference between the two, the greater the heat exchange power. When the temperature difference between the two approaches zero, the heat exchange tends to terminate. Within the operating temperature range, the density of the heat transfer medium 3 is low at high temperatures and high at low temperatures. An inclined temperature layer is formed between the lower low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 and the upper high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 in the heat storage container 1, which hinders the convective heat transfer between the upper and lower layers and forms an isothermal surface in the direction of gravity. The low-temperature isothermal surface gradually moves upward until the temperature difference between the input and output heat transfer medium 3 approaches zero, at which point the energy release and heating end.
[0067] The secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger provides heating and includes an immersion heat exchanger 10, a cold flow pipe 101 for the heat exchange medium, and a hot flow pipe 102 for the heat exchange medium. The immersion heat exchanger 10 is placed in the upper or middle-upper fluid cavity of the heat storage container 1. The primary side of the immersion heat exchanger 10 is the outer side of the tube wall, which is in direct contact with the heat transfer medium 3. The heat exchange medium inlet and outlet pipes on the secondary side of the immersion heat exchanger 10 are connected to the cold flow pipe 101 and the hot flow pipe 102 for the heat exchange medium, respectively.
[0068] The secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger provides heating. Under normal operating conditions, the primary side heat transfer medium 3 transfers heat to the secondary side tube-side heat exchange medium. The primary side heat transfer medium 3 releases heat and cools down, forming a density flow that naturally sinks. The high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 rises to fill the gap. The cooled heat transfer medium 3 absorbs the heat from the heat storage material 2 it touches. The heat storage material 2 releases heat and lowers its temperature. The heat transfer medium 3 absorbs heat and rises in temperature until the temperature difference between the heat storage material 2, the heat transfer medium 3, and the heat exchange medium is small and the heat exchange is weak, thus ending the heating process.
[0069] Step 4: Applying endothermic enthalpy increase:
[0070] The heat exchange medium or the heated fluid enters from the cold flow pipe 101 of the immersion heat exchanger 10 and exits from the hot flow pipe 102 of the heat exchange medium, absorbing heat from the primary heat transfer medium 3 through heat exchange to increase internal energy; or it enters from the cold flow pipe E101 of the external heat exchanger E10 and exits from the hot flow pipe E102 of the heat exchange medium, absorbing heat from the primary heat transfer medium 3 through heat exchange to increase internal energy.
[0071] The basic structure of the enthalpy-variable energy storage application system described in this embodiment, along with the additional injection and drainage system and the four basic working processes, is the basic energy supply system for applications such as enthalpy-variable energy storage fluid heating, heat and cold supply, steam production, and turbine power generation.
[0072] Example 2: An enthalpy-changing energy storage gas heating system, such as... Figure 4 As shown.
[0073] In this embodiment, the external heat exchanger E10 is manufactured in the form of a heat exchange gas heater A0 to enhance the secondary side heat exchange capacity. The gas cold flow pipe A01 is connected to the heat exchange medium cold flow pipe E101, and the gas hot flow pipe A02 is connected to the heat exchange medium hot flow pipe E102. The gas to be heated is input from the gas cold flow pipe A01 to the heat exchange medium cold flow pipe E101 and output from the heat exchange medium hot flow pipe E102 to the gas hot flow pipe A02. Through heat exchange, it absorbs the heat of the primary side heat transfer medium 3 to increase its internal energy and raise its temperature.
[0074] Example 3: An enthalpy-variable energy storage heating and cooling system, such as... Figure 5 As shown.
[0075] In this embodiment, an immersion heat exchanger 10 is used to provide heat energy to the heating / cooling system A1. The heating medium cold flow pipe A11 is connected to the heat exchange medium cold flow pipe 101, and the heating medium hot flow pipe A12 is connected to the heat exchange medium hot flow pipe 102. The heating medium that needs to be heated is input from the heating medium cold flow pipe A11 to the heat exchange medium cold flow pipe 101 and output from the heat exchange medium hot flow pipe 102 to the heating medium hot flow pipe A12. The medium absorbs heat from the primary side heat transfer medium 3 through heat exchange to increase its internal energy and raise its temperature.
[0076] Example 4: An enthalpy-changing energy storage steam production system, such as... Figure 6 As shown.
[0077] In this embodiment, the external heat exchanger E10 is manufactured in the form of a heat exchange steam generator A2 to enhance structural strength. The low-temperature water flow pipe A21 is connected to the cold flow pipe E101 of the heat exchange medium, and the high-temperature steam flow pipe A22 is connected to the hot flow pipe E102 of the heat exchange medium. The medium water that needs to be heated is input from the low-temperature water flow pipe A21 to the cold flow pipe E101 of the heat exchange medium, and output from the hot flow pipe E102 of the heat exchange medium to the high-temperature steam flow pipe A22. Through heat exchange, it absorbs the heat of the primary side heat transfer medium 3 to increase internal energy, heat up and vaporize, and / or superheat.
[0078] Example 5: An enthalpy-variable energy storage steam turbine power generation system, such as... Figure 7 As shown.
[0079] In this embodiment, the external heat exchanger E10 is manufactured in the form of a heat exchange steam generator to enhance structural strength. The low-temperature water flow pipe of the steam turbine power generation system A311 is connected to the cold flow pipe of the heat exchange medium E101, and the high-temperature steam flow pipe is connected to the hot flow pipe of the heat exchange medium E102. The medium water that needs to be heated is input from the low-temperature water flow pipe to the cold flow pipe of the heat exchange medium E101, output from the hot flow pipe of the heat exchange medium E102 to the high-temperature steam flow pipe, and absorbs the heat of the primary side heat transfer medium 3 through heat exchange to increase internal energy, heat up and vaporize, and superheat.
[0080] Example 6: An enthalpy-variable energy storage Stirling power generation system, such as Figure 8 As shown.
[0081] In this embodiment, an immersion heat exchanger 10 is used to provide thermal energy to the Stirling engine power generation system A322. The cold flow pipe of the heating medium of the Stirling engine power generation system A322 is connected to the cold flow pipe 101 of the heat exchange medium, and the hot flow pipe of the heating medium of the Stirling engine power generation system A322 is connected to the hot flow pipe 102 of the heat exchange medium. The heating medium that needs to be heated is input from the cold flow pipe of the heating medium to the cold flow pipe 101 of the heat exchange medium, output from the hot flow pipe 102 of the heat exchange medium to the hot flow pipe of the heating medium, and absorbs the heat of the primary side heat transfer medium 3 through heat exchange to increase internal energy and raise temperature.
[0082] Based on the disclosure of this invention, other technical solutions covered by this invention can be derived.
Claims
1. An enthalpy-change energy storage application system, comprising an enthalpy-change heating system, an energy storage device, and a heating component, wherein the enthalpy-change heating system comprises an enthalpy-change heating device, a heat transfer medium piping component, and a heat transfer medium power and / or control component, characterized in that: The enthalpy change heating device includes a heat source side, a usage side, and a partition wall separating the heat source side and the usage side. The heat source side is the enthalpy change heat release of the fluid medium and / or the enthalpy change heat release of the solid medium and / or the heat release of the chemical reaction of the reactants. The heat released on the heat source side is transferred to the usage side through the partition wall, and the heat transfer medium on the usage side obtains heat. The energy storage device includes a heat storage container (1), a heat storage material (2), a heat transfer medium (3), a heating system cold flow pipe (41), and a heating system hot flow pipe (51); the heat storage container (1) contains the heat storage material (2) and the heat transfer medium (3), the heat transfer medium (3) is a fluid, and the heat storage material (2) is a solid or a package or a liquid that is the same as the heat transfer medium (3); The heating system cold flow pipe (41) is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container (1) or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor, and its outer end is connected to the heat transfer working fluid pipe input end of the enthalpy change heating system. The heating system heat flow pipe (51) is connected to the upper part or upper fluid cavity or upper fluid distributor of the heat storage container (1), and the outer end is connected to the heat transfer working medium pipe output end of the enthalpy change heating system. The heating component is a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger heating component and / or a secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger heating component. The heating components of the homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger include a heating system cold flow pipe (42), a heating system hot flow pipe (52), and an external heat exchanger (E10). The heating system cold flow pipe (42) is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container (1) or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor. The heating system hot flow pipe (52) is connected to the top of the heat storage container (1) or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor. The heat exchange medium input and output pipes on the primary side of the external heat exchanger are respectively connected to the heating system hot flow pipe (52) and the heating system cold flow pipe (42). There may be heat transfer medium power and / or control components on the heat exchange medium pipes. The heat exchange medium cold flow pipe (E101) and the heat exchange medium hot flow pipe (E102) are connected to the heat exchange medium input and output ports on the secondary side of the external heat exchanger (E10). The heating components of the secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger include an immersion heat exchanger (10), a cold flow pipe (101) for the heat exchange medium, and a hot flow pipe (102) for the heat exchange medium. The immersion heat exchanger (10) is placed in the upper or middle-upper fluid cavity of the heat storage container (1). The cold flow pipe (101) and the hot flow pipe (102) for the heat exchange medium are connected to the heat exchange medium input and output ports of the immersion heat exchanger (10).
2. The enthalpy-changing energy storage application system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid heat storage material (2) includes one or more of a metal-based heat storage element and / or a metal ore and / or a non-metal ore and / or magnesium oxide granules, iron oxide granules, iron tetroxide granules, and silicon dioxide granules and / or metallurgical slag granules, metal granules, silica granules, rock granules, and gravel; the heat storage material (2) encapsulation body is a heat storage element that encapsulates phase change heat storage material or heat storage material that does not come into contact with the outside world in a solid shell; the heat storage material (2) is a liquid with the same heat transfer medium (3), including molten salt, acid / alkali liquid or acid / alkali solution; the heat transfer medium (3) is fluid, including gas, liquid, two-phase or three-phase mixed fluid heat transfer medium, including air, nitrogen, clean flue gas, water and / or water vapor, molten salt, heat transfer oil, acid / alkali liquid or acid / alkali solution, solution, mixed fluid containing solid particles and other thermally stable fluids.
3. The enthalpy-varying energy storage application system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enthalpy change heating device includes a heat exchange type enthalpy change heating device (H2) where no chemical reaction occurs on the heat source side and a combustion type enthalpy change heating device (H3) where a chemical reaction occurs on the heat source side and releases heat. The heat exchange type enthalpy change heating device (H2) includes, but is not limited to, fluid heat exchangers, radiant heating devices, and waste heat boilers. The combustion type enthalpy change heating device (H3) includes, but is not limited to, biomass boilers, gas fuel boilers, oil boilers, and coal-fired boilers.
4. The enthalpy-varying energy storage application system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes an injection and discharge pipe (8) and an overflow device (9). The injection and discharge pipe (8) is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container (1). The suction port of the injection and discharge pipe (8) is close to the bottom wall and is below the horizontal plane of the heat transfer medium (3) inlet and outlet of the heating system cold flow pipe and / or bottom fluid distributor. The overflow device (9) is installed on the upper part of the heat storage container (1). The overflow port is level with the upper limit of the working medium liquid level of the heat storage container (1). The overflow pipe outlet extends out of the heat storage container (1).
5. The enthalpy-varying energy storage application system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The system includes a working fluid injection and discharge system, which includes a heat transfer working fluid tank, an injection and discharge unit, a channel at the top of the heat transfer working fluid tank that connects to the atmospheric environment, a pipeline of the injection and discharge unit that connects to the bottom of the heat transfer working fluid tank, an injection and discharge pipeline (8) that connects to the injection and discharge unit, and an overflow device (9) whose overflow pipe outlet connects to the top of the heat transfer working fluid tank. The injection and discharge unit consists of pumps, valves, pipelines, and control components. The unit can be selected to inject heat transfer working fluid (3) from the heat transfer working fluid tank into the heat storage container (1) or to discharge heat transfer working fluid (3) from the heat storage container (1) into the heat transfer working fluid tank.
6. An enthalpy-changing energy storage application system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The external heat exchanger (E10) or immersion heat exchanger (10) is a liquid-gas heat exchanger or a liquid-gas heat exchange gas heater, the high-temperature working fluid on its primary side is the heat transfer working fluid (3), and the heat exchange working fluid on its secondary side is the gas or gaseous substance that needs to be heated.
7. An enthalpy-changing energy storage application system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The external heat exchanger (E10) or immersion heat exchanger (10) has a primary side high-temperature working fluid as a heat transfer working fluid (3) and a secondary side heat exchange working fluid as a circulating working fluid that needs to be heated in the heating and / or cooling system.
8. An enthalpy-changing energy storage application system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The external heat exchanger (E10) or immersion heat exchanger (10) is a steam generator, with its primary side high-temperature working fluid being the heat transfer working fluid (3), and its secondary side being water and / or steam-water mixture and / or saturated steam and / or superheated steam that need to be heated.
9. An enthalpy-changing energy storage application system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The immersion heat exchanger (10) or external heat exchanger (E10) has a primary side high-temperature working medium as a heat transfer medium (3) and a secondary side connected to the heating medium pipeline of the turbine. The turbine includes, but is not limited to, steam turbines, Stirling engines, expanders, organic Rankine cycle generators, etc.