Method and device for determining number of combined vibroseis

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for determining the number of combined vibroseis. The method comprises the steps of determining an energy relation coefficient of a selected marker bed and a to-be-explored target bed based on preprocessed historical original single shot data of a target work area; the preprocessing means that the original single shot records are subjected to horizontal superposition processing under the condition that amplitude compensation is not carried out; the expected minimum amplitude of a marker bed is determined according to the expected minimum amplitude of a predetermined target bed and the energy relation coefficient; and determining the combined number of the vibroseis based on the expected minimum amplitude of the marker bed and a pre-established fitting relationship between the combined number of the vibroseis and the real amplitude of the marker bed. The number of the combined machines can be determined more accurately and reasonably, the situation that the number of the machines is too large is avoided, and economic benefits can be maximized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations. Background Technology

[0002] Controlled source seismic sources (CRSs) have significant advantages such as safety, environmental friendliness, and low construction costs, making them crucial in onshore seismic exploration. Since the 1990s, with the development of CRSs and seismic instrument systems, CRSs have made great strides in efficient acquisition technology, resulting in techniques such as alternating scanning, sliding scanning, multi-point synchronous scanning, and high-fidelity acquisition. This has increased the daily acquisition efficiency from hundreds to tens of thousands of seismic acquisitions, propelling onshore seismic exploration into an era of high efficiency and high density.

[0003] In controlled-source seismic acquisition, combined excitation techniques are commonly used to improve excitation efficiency. Combined excitation refers to the technique of arranging multiple controlled-source seismic sources in a linear or area-type pattern at a single shot point to vibrate simultaneously, resulting in a single-shot record. The number of controlled-source sources vibrating simultaneously at a single shot point is called the combination number, which is one of the most critical construction parameters in controlled-source seismic acquisition, significantly impacting acquisition quality, efficiency, and cost. Using too few combination sources results in weak excitation energy or a low signal-to-noise ratio, leading to suboptimal data quality. Using too many combination sources incurs greater preparation, maintenance, and coordination time, severely limiting efficiency. Furthermore, a higher combination number significantly increases the number of seismic source vehicles and operators required, as well as fuel consumption, leading to a substantial increase in acquisition costs. Therefore, the selection of the controllable-source combination number is crucial. Consequently, the optimization of the combination number has been highly valued in the development and application of controlled-source seismic acquisition technology, especially since the application of high-efficiency, high-density controlled-source acquisition techniques.

[0004] Existing methods for determining the number of combined excitation units primarily involve conducting comparative point and line tests to determine the number of units, based on the amplitude of reflected waves in single shots or profiles excited by different numbers of units. This method determines the number of units based on the principle that the unit with the higher excitation energy will be selected when excited by different numbers of units. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Existing methods for determining the number of controllable source combinations lack consideration for the rationality of the chosen combination number. They cannot determine whether the reflected energy from the target layer obtained by the determined combination meets the standards, thus failing to adequately guarantee data quality. Furthermore, they cannot determine whether the selected parameters are redundant, and therefore cannot guarantee maximum economic benefits. Simultaneously, the energy obtained by this method is directly calculated from the root mean square amplitude as a correlation value from relevant records, lacking dimensionality and failing to reflect the true vibration energy caused by excitation. This makes it impossible to assess the rationality of the energy obtained from excitation using the selected parameters from the perspective of true vibration energy. In addition, this method directly determines the combination number based on the amplitude analysis results of experimental data, insufficiently considering the effects of combination parameters outside of the experiment. This cannot fully guarantee the acquisition effect and exploration benefits. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a targeted method for determining the number of controllable source combinations to address these issues and promote the development of controllable source acquisition technology.

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a method and apparatus for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations, including:

[0008] Based on the preprocessed historical raw single-shot data of the target area, the energy relationship coefficients between the selected marker layer and the target layer to be explored are determined; preprocessing refers to the horizontal overlay processing of the raw single-shot records without amplitude compensation.

[0009] The expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer is determined based on the predetermined expected minimum amplitude and energy relationship coefficient of the target layer; the number of controllable source combinations is determined based on the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer, the pre-established fitting relationship between the number of controllable source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layer; the process of establishing the fitting relationship includes:

[0010] Based on the seismic data from this exploration of the target area, the conversion coefficients of the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the selected marker layer were determined. The seismic data included the excitation single-shot records and scanning reference signal information from the comparative test of different combinations of controllable sources.

[0011] The relative amplitude of the marker layer is obtained from the single-shot record of the excitation, and the true amplitude of the marker layer of the single-shot excitation in the comparative test of different combinations of the number of excitations is obtained based on the conversion relationship coefficient and the relative amplitude of the marker layer.

[0012] By fitting the actual amplitude of different combinations of controllable seismic sources and corresponding marker layers, the fitting relationship between the number of controllable seismic source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layers is obtained.

[0013] In some optional embodiments, based on the preprocessed historical raw single-shot data of the target area, the energy relationship coefficients between the selected marker layer and the target layer to be explored are determined, including:

[0014] Seismic profiles are obtained based on preprocessed historical raw single-shot data, and marker layers are selected on the seismic profiles.

[0015] Amplitude analysis was performed on the selected marker layer reflection wavelet and the target layer reflection wavelet based on the selected marker layer time window and the target layer time window, respectively, to obtain the relative amplitude of the target layer and the relative amplitude of the marker layer.

[0016] The energy relationship coefficients between the target layer and the marker layer are determined based on the relative amplitudes of the target layer and the marker layer.

[0017] In some optional embodiments, the energy relationship coefficient K1 between the marker layer and the target layer is represented by the following expression:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, A b A represents the relative amplitude of the marker layer. m The relative amplitude of the target layer.

[0020] In some optional embodiments, the seismic data also includes the reflection time of the target layer to be explored, the seismic instrument recording parameters, and the equivalent input noise amplitude of the seismic instrument under the conditions of the seismic instrument recording parameters;

[0021] Seismic instrument recording parameters include sampling interval, seismic record length, number of sampling points per channel, and forward gain;

[0022] The scan reference signal information includes the time length of the scan reference signal and the discrete time series array of the scan reference signal.

[0023] In some alternative embodiments, determining the desired minimum amplitude of the target layer includes:

[0024] Based on the equivalent input noise amplitude of the seismic instrument in the acquired seismic data, the expected minimum amplitude of the target layer is determined. The expected minimum amplitude A of the target layer is... min Determined by the following expression:

[0025] A min =C×A noise

[0026] Where C is a preset coefficient, and C>1, A noise The equivalent input noise amplitude for seismic instruments.

[0027] In some optional embodiments, the conversion coefficients between the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the selected marker layer are determined based on the seismic data acquired during this exploration of the target area, including:

[0028] The time series array of the reference shot was obtained from the excitation single shot records of the comparative test with different combinations of shot counts, and the number of sample points of the reference shot marker layer reflection wavelet was determined.

[0029] Based on the scanning reference signal information and the time series array of the reference shot, the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet is obtained. Then, the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet is subjected to inverse correlation processing to obtain the continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflection wavelet.

[0030] The cumulative energy of the continuous vibration signal is obtained based on the continuous vibration signal array. The true amplitude and relative amplitude of the marker layer reflection wavelet are determined based on the cumulative energy, the number of samples of the marker layer reflection wavelet, and the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet. The conversion relationship coefficient between the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the marker layer is also determined.

[0031] In some optional embodiments, the number of sample points for the reference shot marker layer reflected wavelet is determined from the excitation single-shot records of comparative tests with different combinations of shot counts, including:

[0032] Based on the comparative test of different combinations of gun numbers, the relevant post-record of the reference gun was obtained by activating single gun records;

[0033] Select a suitable seismic trace from the relevant post-record of the reference shot and extract the marker layer reflected wavelet from the seismic trace;

[0034] Read the start and end times of the marker layer reflection wavelet in the seismic trace, and determine the number of sample points of the marker layer reflection wavelet based on the start and end times, end times and the sampling interval in the seismic instrument recording parameters;

[0035] Number of sample points n fabs This can be represented by the following expression:

[0036]

[0037] Where t1 is the start and end time, t2 is the end time, and dt is the sampling interval in the seismic instrument recording parameters.

[0038] In some optional embodiments, a time series array of reference shots is obtained from the firing single-shot records of comparative tests with different combinations of shot counts, including:

[0039] The relevant pre-record of the reference shot was obtained from the relevant pre-record of the single-shot firing record in the comparative test of different combinations of shot counts.

[0040] The signal true value of the selected seismic trace is read from the relevant pre-record of the reference shot, and the signal sample value is read from the signal true value to obtain the time series array of the reference shot. The signal sample value is the signal true value within the first time range read according to the preset time step. The length of the time series array is determined according to the length of the seismic record, the sampling interval and the time length of the scanning reference signal.

[0041] In some optional embodiments, based on the scanning reference signal information and the time series array of the reference shot, a time series array of the correlated post-marker layer reflection wavelet is obtained, including:

[0042] The discrete time series array of the scanning reference signal and the time series array of the reference shot are correlated to obtain the correlated time series array. The length of the correlated time series array is determined according to the length of the time series array of the reference shot.

[0043] Replace the data in the correlated time series array whose time is less than the start time and whose time is greater than the end time with 0 to obtain the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflected wavelet.

[0044] In some optional embodiments, the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflected wavelet is subjected to inverse correlation processing to obtain a continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflected wavelet, including:

[0045] Based on the discrete time series array of the scanning reference signal, the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet is subjected to anticorrelation processing to obtain the time series array of the anticorrelated marker layer reflection wavelet;

[0046] Data within the first time range is obtained from the time series array of the marker layer reflected wavelet after inverse correlation, resulting in a continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflected wavelet.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, the cumulative energy of the continuous vibration signal is obtained based on the continuous vibration signal array, including:

[0048] The cumulative energy E is expressed by the following expression:

[0049]

[0050] Where arrRmlp(i) is the i-th vibration signal in the continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflector wavelet, and Nrmlp is the length of the continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflector wavelet.

[0051] In some optional embodiments, the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet are determined based on the accumulated energy, the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet, and the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflected wavelet, and the conversion coefficients between the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the marker layer are determined, including:

[0052] The true amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet is determined based on the accumulated energy and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet;

[0053] The relative amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet is determined based on the time series array of the correlated post-marker layer reflected wavelet and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet;

[0054] The conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and the relative amplitude of the marker layer is determined based on the ratio of the true amplitude to the relative amplitude.

[0055] In some optional embodiments, the true amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet is determined based on the accumulated energy and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet, including:

[0056] The true amplitude A of the marker layer reflected wavelet is expressed by the following expression. abs :

[0057]

[0058] Where E is the cumulative energy of the continuous vibration signal of the marker layer reflected wavelet, n fabs The number of samples for the wavelet reflected from the marker layer;

[0059] The relative amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet is determined based on the time series array of the correlated post-marker layer reflected wavelet and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet, including:

[0060] The relative amplitude A of the wavelet reflected from the marker layer is expressed by the following expression. rel :

[0061]

[0062] Where arrRmla(i) is the i-th signal in the time series array of the reflected wavelet of the correlated post-marker layer, and n fabs The number of samples for the wavelet reflected from the marker layer.

[0063] In some optional embodiments, the relative amplitude of the marker layer is obtained from the single-shot records of the controlled source comparison test with different combinations of number of seismic sources. Based on the conversion relationship coefficient and the relative amplitude of the marker layer, the true amplitude of the marker layer of the single-shot in the controlled source comparison test with different combinations of number of seismic sources is obtained, including:

[0064] From the correlation post-records of single-shot records from comparative tests with different combinations of controllable source numbers, the time window of the marker layer reflection wavelet of the single shot is extracted. Based on the time window of the marker layer reflection wavelet, the relative amplitude of the marker layer of the single shot with different combinations of source numbers is analyzed.

[0065] Based on the conversion coefficient between the relative amplitude and the true amplitude of the marker layer, the true amplitude of the marker layer is obtained for single shots excited by different combinations of controllable seismic sources.

[0066] The true amplitude of the marker layer is expressed by the following expression:

[0067] A abs =K2×A rel

[0068] Among them, A abs K1 represents the true amplitude of the marker layer, and K2 represents the conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and the relative amplitude of the marker layer.

[0069] In some optional embodiments, if the determined number of controllable source combinations is not an integer, the determined number of controllable source combinations is rounded up to obtain the final number of controllable source combinations.

[0070] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a device for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations, comprising:

[0071] The first determination module, based on the preprocessed historical raw single-shot data of the target work area, determines the energy relationship coefficient between the selected marker layer and the target layer to be explored;

[0072] The second determining module is used to determine the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer based on the predetermined expected minimum amplitude and energy relationship coefficient of the target layer;

[0073] The module for determining the number of controllable seismic sources is used to determine the number of controllable seismic sources based on the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer, the pre-established fitting relationship between the number of controllable seismic source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layer.

[0074] The fitting relationship establishment module is used to establish the fitting relationship between the number of controllable source combinations and the true amplitude of the marker layer.

[0075] In some optional embodiments, the fitting relationship establishment module includes:

[0076] The coefficient determination module is used to determine the conversion coefficients of the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the selected marker layer based on the seismic data of this exploration of the target area. The seismic data includes the excitation single shot records and scanning reference signal information of the comparative test of different combinations of controllable sources.

[0077] The amplitude determination module is used to obtain the relative amplitude of the marker layer from the single-shot records of the comparative test of different combinations of controllable seismic sources, and to obtain the true amplitude of the marker layer of the single-shot in the comparative test of different combinations of seismic sources based on the conversion relationship coefficient and the relative amplitude of the marker layer.

[0078] The fitting module is used to fit the true amplitude of different combinations of controllable seismic sources and corresponding marker layers, and obtain the fitting relationship between the number of controllable seismic source combinations and the true amplitude of the marker layer.

[0079] This invention also provides a computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations.

[0080] The present invention also provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the above-described method for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations.

[0081] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0082] The method of this invention preprocesses the historical raw single-shot data of the target work area. Based on the preprocessed raw single-shot data, it determines the energy relationship coefficients between the selected marker layer and the target layer to be explored. Preprocessing refers to horizontally stacking the raw single-shot records without amplitude compensation. Interference waves are highly developed on the raw single-shot data, and the reflection from the target layer is usually submerged beneath these interference waves. The root mean square amplitude of the reflected wave from the target layer obtained from the raw single-shot data usually cannot accurately reflect the energy relationship between the reflected signals. Therefore, the energy relationship cannot be directly obtained from the raw data. No amplitude compensation is performed during the processing, maintaining the relative relationship of amplitudes at different layers. The energy relationship coefficients can reflect the transmission and attenuation characteristics of seismic wave energy between different strata, thereby helping to more accurately delineate the strata.

[0083] The expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer is determined based on the predetermined expected minimum amplitude of the target layer and the energy relationship coefficient. This method determines the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer by using the expected minimum amplitude of the target layer and the energy relationship between the marker layer and the target layer. In the process of selecting the number of combination units, as long as the amplitude of the marker layer excited by the selected number of combination units can exceed the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer, it can be ensured that the target layer signal can be effectively identified in the background noise, that is, it can be ensured that the target layer has sufficient reflected energy.

[0084] Based on the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer, the pre-established fitting relationship between the number of controllable source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layer, the number of controllable source combinations is determined. Previous methods directly determined the number of combinations based on the principle of which combination generates the most energy, without considering the rationality of the selection or the excitation effect of combinations outside of experimental data. This new method establishes a fitting relationship between the actual amplitude of the marker layer and the number of combinations based on experimental data. It can predict the energy values ​​of other combinations outside of experimental data, and is not limited to selecting the number of sources based on experimental data. This reduces the workload of field experiments to a certain extent, efficiently determines the number of combinations, avoids excessive number of sources, maximizes economic benefits, and provides technical guidance for exploration sites.

[0085] The process of establishing the fitting relationship between the number of controllable source combinations and the true amplitude of the marker layer includes: determining the conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the selected marker layer based on the seismic data collected in this exploration of the target area. The seismic data includes the excitation single-shot records and scanning reference signal information of the comparative test of different combinations of controllable source numbers; obtaining the relative amplitude of the marker layer from the excitation single-shot records of the comparative test of different combinations of controllable source numbers; and obtaining the true amplitude of the marker layer for the excitation single shot of the comparative test of different combinations of source numbers based on the conversion coefficient and the relative amplitude of the marker layer. The true amplitude is often affected by a variety of factors, while the relative amplitude often reflects the relative energy relationship. To obtain the true amplitude of the marker layer, it is necessary to determine the conversion relationship between the true amplitude and the relative amplitude to improve the accuracy and comparability of the data.

[0086] By fitting the actual amplitude of different combinations of controllable seismic sources and corresponding marker layers, a fitting relationship between the number of controllable seismic source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layers is obtained. This fitting relationship can more accurately and reasonably determine the number of combinations, avoid the situation of having too many sources, and maximize economic benefits.

[0087] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0088] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0089] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0090] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the establishment of the fitting relationship in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the determination of amplitude conversion coefficients in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0093] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the discrete-time series array data of the scanning reference signal in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0094] Figure 5 This is an example diagram of the processed seismic profile in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0095] Figure 6 This is an example of a seismic profile of a reference shot in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0096] Figure 7 This is a data example diagram of the array arrPre[Npre] in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0097] Figure 8 This is a partial data example diagram of the array arrAft[Naft] in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0098] Figure 9 This is a partial data example diagram of the array arrRmla[Nrmla] in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0099] Figure 10 This is a partial data example diagram of the array arrRmlp[Nrmlp] in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0100] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of experimental data from a comparative test of different combinations of unit numbers in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0101] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the fitting relationship curve in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0102] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the device for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0103] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the fitting relationship establishment module in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0104] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0105] Existing methods for determining the number of combined seismic stations rely on the relative energy relationships between different numbers of stations to determine the number of stations. However, no definite target value is set to measure the rationality of the number selection. This makes it impossible to determine whether the reflected energy of the target layer obtained by the selected combination of stations meets the standard, thus failing to fully guarantee the quality of exploration data after seismic source excitation. Furthermore, it is impossible to determine whether the selected combination of stations is redundant, and thus cannot guarantee the maximization of economic benefits.

[0106] To address the problem of unreasonable combination number settings in existing technologies, which fail to maximize economic benefits, this invention provides a method for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations to achieve optimal selection of the number of controllable seismic source combinations, ensuring both excitation effect and maximum economic benefits.

[0107] This invention provides a method for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations, the process of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0108] Step S101: Based on the historical raw single-shot data of the target work area after preprocessing, determine the energy relationship coefficient between the selected marker layer and the target layer to be explored; preprocessing refers to horizontally superimposing the raw single-shot records without amplitude compensation.

[0109] Step S102: Determine the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer based on the predetermined expected minimum amplitude and energy relationship coefficient of the target layer.

[0110] Step S103: Based on the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer, the fitting relationship between the pre-established number of controllable source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layer, determine the number of controllable source combinations.

[0111] Steps S101-S103 determine the energy relationship coefficients between the marker layer and the target layer to be explored in the selected area based on the original single-shot data. Then, based on the energy relationship coefficients and the pre-determined minimum expected amplitude of the target layer, the minimum expected amplitude of the marker layer is determined. The minimum expected amplitude of the marker layer is used as the target value to measure whether the number of seismic sources is reasonable, solving the problem that previous methods could not determine whether the selected parameters met the standard or had redundancy. Furthermore, based on the minimum expected amplitude of the marker layer, the pre-established fitting relationship between the number of controllable source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layer, the number of combinations is determined. The minimum expected amplitude of the marker layer is regarded as the actual amplitude of the marker layer. The number of controllable source combinations is obtained under the minimum expected amplitude of the marker layer to ensure that when using the selected number of controllable source combinations for well shot excitation, the minimum actual amplitude of the marker layer obtained must reach the minimum expected amplitude of the marker layer. This ensures that the signal of the target layer after firing can be effectively identified in the background noise, i.e., ensures that the target layer has sufficient reflected energy.

[0112] Optionally, in step S101 above, based on the preprocessed raw single-shot data, the energy relationship coefficients between the selected marker layer and the target layer to be explored are determined, including:

[0113] Seismic profiles are obtained based on the preprocessed raw single-shot data, and marker layers are selected on the seismic profiles. Amplitude analysis is performed on the wavelets of the selected marker layers and the wavelets of the target layers to be explored according to the selected marker layer time window and the target layer time window, respectively, to obtain the relative amplitude of the target layer and the relative amplitude of the marker layer. The energy relationship coefficients between the marker layer and the target layer are determined based on the relative amplitude of the target layer and the relative amplitude of the marker layer.

[0114] Optionally, preprocessing refers to horizontally stacking the original single-shot records without amplitude compensation.

[0115] The energy relationship coefficient K1 between the marker layer and the target layer is expressed by the following expression:

[0116]

[0117] Among them, A b A represents the relative amplitude of the marker layer. m The relative amplitude of the target layer.

[0118] The collected 2D or 3D raw single-shot data from previous explorations undergo preprocessing. Preprocessing can be horizontal stacking, but amplitude compensation is not performed during the process. This ensures that the relative amplitudes of different layers remain unchanged, guaranteeing that the obtained coefficient K1 accurately reflects the relative energy between the marker layer and the target layer in the raw single-shot data. After processing the single-shot data, a seismic profile is obtained. When selecting marker layers, a set of reflection layers with strong reflection energy and good phase axis continuity can be chosen from the processed profile. The target layer is the stratum to be explored, determined based on actual exploration needs.

[0119] The marker layer has the characteristics of strong energy and good continuity, and its energy can be directly identified and obtained from seismic profiles and single-shot data. The energy of the target layer can be identified from the seismic profile, but it may not be able to be identified from the single-shot data. By obtaining the energy of the marker layer and the target layer from the profile, calculating the multiple relationship between them, the energy of the marker layer can be obtained from the single-shot data after excitation. Then, based on the energy relationship coefficient between the marker layer and the target layer, the energy of the target layer in a single shot can be estimated.

[0120] Amplitude analysis of the reflected wavelets from the target and marker layers yields their energies. Further amplitude analysis is then performed using selected time windows for both the marker and target layers. Based on these time windows, the relative root-mean-square amplitudes of the target and marker layers are obtained, ultimately determining the energy conversion coefficients. The selection of the time window follows these principles: the marker and target layers contain the same number of seismic traces (100-300 traces are acceptable); the time lengths are similar, aiming to capture the complete wavelet (100-300 ms are acceptable).

[0121] This method derives the coefficient K1 from the seismic profile obtained after processing the original single-shot data, rather than directly from the original single-shot data. This is primarily to improve the applicability of this method in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions. In low SNR regions, interference waves are highly developed in the original single-shot data, meaning there are numerous and significant interference components. The target layer reflected wave is usually submerged under the interference waves. The root mean square amplitude of the target layer reflected wave obtained from the original single-shot data typically reflects the amplitude of the interference waves. The coefficient K1 obtained directly from the single-shot data cannot accurately reflect the energy relationship between the reflected signals. This method avoids the above problem and obtains a correct reflection of the relative energy between the marker layer and the target layer in the original single-shot data obtained from the excitation.

[0122] Optionally, in step S102 above, determining the expected minimum amplitude of the target layer includes:

[0123] Based on the equivalent input noise amplitude of the seismic instrument in the acquired seismic data, the expected minimum amplitude of the target layer is determined. The expected minimum amplitude A of the target layer is... min Determined by the following expression:

[0124] A min =C×A noise

[0125] Where C is a preset coefficient, and C>1, A noise The equivalent input noise amplitude for seismic instruments.

[0126] In seismic exploration, the signals recorded by instruments include not only signals generated by seismic excitation but also background noise such as environmental noise and noise generated by the instrument itself. Environmental noise is random noise and can be effectively suppressed during multiple superpositions and migrations, while noise generated by the instrument itself is difficult to suppress effectively during multiple superpositions and migrations. To ensure that the effective reflection signal of the target layer can be effectively identified, the energy of the effective signal needs to be no less than a certain multiple of the background noise energy. Based on this consideration, a preset coefficient can be set. For example, the expected minimum amplitude of the target layer can be determined as 10 times the equivalent input noise amplitude of the instrument. Then, the expected minimum root mean square amplitude of the marker layer can be determined according to the energy relationship between the marker layer and the target layer. The preset coefficient should be selected according to the actual needs of the exploration site and is not restricted here.

[0127] Optionally, in step S103 above, the fitting relationship includes, but is not limited to, linear, exponential, logarithmic, and polynomial relationships. For example, when fitting a linear relationship, the expression of the fitting relationship is: y = k(x-1) + c. Where y is the true amplitude of the marker layer, x is the number of controllable seismic sources, x is an integer ≥ 1, c is the true amplitude of the marker layer when using 1 excitation source, and k is the increase in the true amplitude of the marker layer for each additional controllable seismic source. When determining the number of combined seismic sources, the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer is taken as the true amplitude of the marker layer and substituted into the fitting formula for calculation to obtain the number of combined seismic sources, which is an integer not less than 1. Optionally, if the determined number of combined controllable seismic sources is not an integer, the determined number of combined controllable seismic sources is rounded up to obtain the final number of combined controllable seismic sources.

[0128] Based on the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer, the pre-established fitting relationship between the number of controllable source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layer, the final number of controllable source combinations can be determined. The expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer is used as the target value to measure the rationality of the combination number selection. In the process of selecting the combination number, ensuring that the amplitude of the marker layer excited by the selected combination number can exceed the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer can ensure that the target layer signal can be effectively identified in the background noise, that is, ensure that the target layer has sufficient reflection energy. This solves the problem that previous methods could not determine whether the selected combination number was reasonable and that there was redundancy. It can more accurately determine the number of controllable source combinations, avoid wasting resources and costs, ensure maximum economic benefits, guarantee acquisition effect and exploration benefits, and promote the development of controllable source acquisition technology.

[0129] The flowchart for establishing the fitting relationship between the number of controllable source combinations and the true amplitude of the marker layer can be found in [link to flowchart]. Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0130] Step S201: Based on the seismic data of this exploration in the target area, determine the conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and the relative amplitude of the selected marker layer. The seismic data includes the excitation single-shot records and scanning reference signal information of the comparative test of different combinations of controllable sources.

[0131] Step S202: Obtain the relative amplitude of the marker layer from the single-shot records of the comparative test of different combinations of controllable seismic sources, and obtain the true amplitude of the marker layer of the single-shot in the comparative test of different combinations of seismic sources based on the conversion relationship coefficient and the relative amplitude of the marker layer.

[0132] Step S203: Fit the true amplitude of different combinations of controllable seismic sources and corresponding marker layers to obtain the fitting relationship between the number of controllable seismic source combinations and the true amplitude of the marker layers.

[0133] Optionally, in step S201, the seismic data also includes the reflection time of the target layer to be explored, the seismic instrument recording parameters, and the equivalent input noise amplitude of the seismic instrument under the conditions of the seismic instrument recording parameters; the seismic instrument recording parameters include the sampling interval, the seismic record length, the number of sampling points per channel, and the forward gain; the scanning reference signal information includes the signal time length of the scanning reference and the discrete time series array of the scanning reference signal.

[0134] Optionally, in step S201 above, determining the conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the selected marker layer based on the acquired seismic data of the target area in this exploration includes the following steps:

[0135] Step S301: Obtain the time series array of the reference shot from the excitation single shot record of the comparative test with different combinations of shot counts and determine the number of sample points of the reference shot marker layer reflection wavelet;

[0136] Step S302: Based on the scanning reference signal information and the time series array of the reference shot, obtain the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet, and then perform inverse correlation processing on the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet to obtain the continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflection wavelet;

[0137] Step S303: Obtain the cumulative energy of the continuous vibration signal based on the continuous vibration signal array. Determine the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the marker layer reflection wavelet based on the cumulative energy, the number of samples of the marker layer reflection wavelet, and the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet. Also determine the conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the marker layer.

[0138] See the flowchart for determining the amplitude conversion coefficients. Figure 3 As shown, the criterion for determining the reference shot is: the single shot with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 2 obtained from the correlation post-record of the excitation single shot record of the controllable source comparative test with different numbers of stations is used as the reference shot.

[0139] Optionally, in step 301, the number of sample points for the reference shot marker layer reflected wavelet is determined from the excitation single-shot records of comparative tests with different combinations of shot counts, including:

[0140] Based on the comparative test of different combinations of seismic instrument numbers, the correlation post-record of the reference shot is obtained from the excitation single-shot record; a seismic trace that meets the requirements is selected from the correlation post-record and the marker layer reflection wavelet is extracted from the seismic trace; the start and end times of the marker layer reflection wavelet in the seismic trace are read, and the number of sample points of the marker layer reflection wavelet is determined according to the start and end times, the end time and the sampling interval in the seismic instrument recording parameters.

[0141] Number of sample points n fabs This can be represented by the following expression:

[0142]

[0143] Where t1 is the start and end time, t2 is the end time, dt is the sampling interval in the seismic instrument recording parameters, and the units of t1 and t2 are ms.

[0144] Single-shot records include pre-correlation records and post-correlation records. Pre-correlation records are the raw records from a single shot; their waveforms reflect the amplitude of actual ground particle vibrations. They are continuous vibration signals with a duration ranging from a few seconds to tens of seconds, and cannot directly extract the vibration signal from a specific reflector layer. Post-correlation records, on the other hand, use correlation operations to compress the long vibration signal from the raw records. They can distinguish and extract signals from different reflector layers, and represent relative amplitudes reflecting relative energy relationships. Therefore, it is necessary to select a seismic trace from the post-correlation records that shows a clear marker layer reflection wavelet, and then extract the marker layer reflection wavelet. A seismic trace showing a clear marker layer reflection wavelet can also be considered a seismic trace where the marker layer reflection wavelet is unaffected by interference waves.

[0145] Optionally, in step S301, the time series array of the reference shot is obtained from the firing single-shot records of the comparative tests with different combinations of shot counts, including:

[0146] The reference shot's correlation pre-record is obtained from the correlation pre-record of the single-shot records of the comparative test with different combinations of seismic stations; the signal ground truth value of the selected seismic trace is read from the correlation pre-record, and the signal sample value is read from the signal ground truth value to obtain the time series array of the reference shot. The signal sample value is the signal ground truth value read in the first time range according to the preset time step. The length of the time series array is determined according to the length of the seismic record, the sampling interval, and the signal time length of the scanning reference.

[0147] From the relevant pre-recorded data, the true values ​​of the selected seismic traces are read. Each true value corresponds to a time point. The true values ​​are the signal values ​​read directly, but not all signal true values ​​are needed. Therefore, samples need to be selected from the true values. The true values ​​can be read within the first time range according to a preset time step. The read true values ​​are used as samples, and the time series composed of the samples is used as the time series array of the reference shot. The time series array is a two-dimensional array containing the signal amplitude and the corresponding time. The preset time step can be the sampling interval in the seismic instrument recording parameters. For example, the obtained time series array can be denoted as arrPre[Npre], where Npre = (tr + ts) / dt + 1. The time corresponding to the sample value in the array arrPre[Npre] is incremented by the sampling interval dt from 0 to tr + ts, where tr is the length of the seismic record and ts is the time length for scanning the reference signal.

[0148] Optionally, in step S302, based on the scanning reference signal information and the time series array of the reference shot, a time series array of the correlated post-marker layer reflection wavelet is obtained, including:

[0149] The discrete time series arrays of the scanning reference signal and the time series array of the reference shot are correlated to obtain a correlated time series array. The length of the correlated time series array is determined according to the length of the time series array of the reference shot. Data in the correlated time series array whose time is less than the start time and whose time is greater than the end time are replaced with 0 to obtain the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet.

[0150] The data in the reference shot's time series array is directly extracted from the original data. The original recording cannot distinguish the interweaving of signals from different reflection layers, making it impossible to directly extract the vibration signal from a specific reflection layer. However, correlation operations compress the long vibration signals from the original recording, allowing for the identification and extraction of signals from different reflection layers. The correlated time series array is denoted as arrAft[Naft], where Naft = 2 × Npre-1, and the time corresponding to each sample in the array increments from -(tr+ts) to (tr+ts) with the sampling interval dt as the increment. Data in the correlated time series array whose corresponding time is less than the start time t1 or greater than the end time t2 are replaced with 0. This ensures that the data for the marker layer reflection wavelet in the array are not 0, while the rest are 0, resulting in the correlated time series array of the marker layer reflection wavelet, which facilitates the subsequent calculation of the relative amplitude of the marker layer reflection wavelet. The time series array of the marker layer reflection wavelet can be denoted as arrRmla[Nrmla], where Nrmla = 2 × Npre-1. The time corresponding to the sample value in the array is incremented by the sampling interval dt from -(tr+ts) to tr+ts. Data in the array with time greater than t1 and less than t2 are 0, and data between t1 and t2 are not 0.

[0151] Optionally, in step S302, the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflected wavelet is subjected to inverse correlation processing to obtain a continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflected wavelet, including:

[0152] Based on the discrete time series array of the scanning reference signal, the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet is inversely correlated to obtain the time series array of the inversely correlated marker layer reflection wavelet; data within the first time range is obtained from the time series array of the inversely correlated marker layer reflection wavelet to obtain the continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflection wavelet.

[0153] The time series array after inverse correlation processing can be denoted as arrTem[Nrmla]. The time corresponding to the sample values ​​in this array ranges from -(tr+ts) to (tr+ts) with the sampling interval as the increment. Data within the first time range is obtained from this array to obtain the continuous vibration signal arrRmlp[Nrmlp] of the marker layer reflection wavelet, where Nrmlp = (tr+ts) / dt+1, and the time corresponding to the sample values ​​in the array ranges from 0 to tr+ts with the sampling interval dt as the increment. The data in the time series array of the marker layer reflection wavelet is correlated, but the amplitude in the correlated time series array of the marker layer reflection wavelet reflects the similarity between the original record and the reference signal. It has no dimension and cannot reflect the true amplitude of the ground particle vibration caused by the seismic wave. It is a relative amplitude that reflects the relative energy relationship. Through inverse correlation operation, the continuous vibration signal corresponding to the extracted correlated marker layer reflection wavelet is recovered, providing a data basis for subsequently obtaining the true amplitude of the marker layer reflection wavelet.

[0154] Step S302 fully utilizes the advantages of both the correlation record and the original record. By extracting the reflection wavelet from the correlation record, the problem that the original record cannot separate the reflection information of a specified layer is solved. Through inverse correlation operation, the continuous vibration signal corresponding to the extracted reflection wavelet from the correlation record is recovered, so that the signal amplitude once again has the physical meaning of reflecting the vibration amplitude of ground particles, thereby solving the problem that the correlation record cannot obtain the true vibration amplitude.

[0155] Optionally, in step S303 above, obtaining the cumulative energy of the continuous vibration signal based on the continuous vibration signal array includes:

[0156] The cumulative energy E is expressed by the following expression:

[0157]

[0158] Where arrRmlp(i) is the i-th vibration signal in the continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflector wavelet, and Nrmlp is the length of the continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflector wavelet.

[0159] Optionally, in step S303 above, determining the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet based on the accumulated energy, the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet, and the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflected wavelet, and determining the conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the marker layer, includes:

[0160] The true amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet is determined based on the accumulated energy and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet; the relative amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet is determined based on the correlated post-marker layer reflected wavelet time series array and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet; the conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and the relative amplitude of the marker layer is determined according to the ratio of the true amplitude to the relative amplitude.

[0161] Optionally, the true amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet is determined based on the accumulated energy and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet, including:

[0162] The true amplitude A of the marker layer reflected wavelet is expressed by the following expression. abs :

[0163]

[0164] Where E is the cumulative energy of the continuous vibration signal of the marker layer reflected wavelet, n fabs The number of samples for the wavelet reflected from the marker layer;

[0165] The relative amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet is determined based on the time series array of the correlated post-marker layer reflected wavelet and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet, including:

[0166] The relative amplitude A of the wavelet reflected from the marker layer is expressed by the following expression. rel :

[0167]

[0168] Where arrRmla(i) is the i-th signal in the time series array of the reflected wavelet of the correlated post-marker layer, and n fabs The number of samples for the wavelet reflected from the marker layer.

[0169] Step S303 uses the continuous vibration signal after inverse correlation to obtain the true cumulative energy of the marker layer reflection wavelet, and then calculates the true amplitude of the marker layer reflection wavelet. This solves the problem that the relative amplitude directly obtained in the correlation record cannot be compared with the expected amplitude. This method uses a single shot with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 2 as a reference shot to obtain the conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and the relative amplitude. This can avoid the contamination of the marker layer reflection wavelet by noise in a single shot, so as to improve the picking of a purer marker layer reflection wavelet and thus ensure the reliability of the conversion coefficient.

[0170] Optionally, in step S202 above, the relative amplitude of the marker layer is obtained from the single-shot records of the comparative test of different combinations of controllable source numbers, and the true amplitude of the marker layer of the single-shot in the comparative test of different combinations of source numbers is obtained based on the conversion relationship coefficient and the relative amplitude of the marker layer, including:

[0171] From the post-records of single-shot records from comparative tests with different combinations of controllable source numbers, the time window of the marker layer reflection wavelet of the single shot is extracted. Based on the time window of the marker layer reflection wavelet, the relative amplitude of the marker layer of the single shot with different combinations of source numbers is analyzed. Based on the conversion coefficient between the relative amplitude and the true amplitude of the marker layer, the true amplitude of the marker layer of the single shot with different combinations of controllable source numbers is obtained.

[0172] The true amplitude of the marker layer is expressed by the following expression:

[0173] A abs =K2×A rel

[0174] Among them, A abs K1 represents the true amplitude of the marker layer, and K2 represents the conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and the relative amplitude of the marker layer.

[0175] Marker layer reflection wavelet time window TW sb The following principles were followed for selection: the time window type was chosen as an along-axis time window; the number of channels included was selected to be 20-60; and the time length was chosen to capture the complete wavelet, ideally between 100ms and 300ms. The overall aim was to ensure more accurate energy values. Channel selection: Theoretically, more channels result in better statistical effects and a closer approximation of the accurate energy value. However, many interference waves exist in single-shot records. On seismic channels with strong interference, the acquired energy value may reflect the energy of the interference waves rather than the energy of the reflected wavelet. A higher number of channels increases the probability of introducing interference, reducing the accuracy of the acquired reflected wavelet energy. Here, 20-60 channels are selected to ensure a certain statistical effect while controlling the influence of interference waves. Time length selection: To accurately obtain the reflected wavelet energy, the time length should be at least greater than the duration of the reflected wavelet. Too long a time length increases the probability of introducing interference and reduces the accuracy of energy acquisition. In seismic exploration, the reflected wavelet is typically a wavelet containing 3-4 cycles, with a dominant frequency of 15-40Hz and a duration of 100ms-266ms.

[0176] Based on actual data obtained during the exploration, the number of controllable seismic source combinations for a 3D data acquisition project was determined, resulting in good acquisition performance. The specific implementation details for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations in this project are as follows:

[0177] Previous data collection included 586 raw single-shot 3D data sets. This exploration employed a comparative test of different combinations of controllable seismic sources, with 12 single-shot data sets: 1 source for 6 shots, 2 sources for 3 shots, 3 sources for 2 shots, and 4 sources for 1 shot. The scan reference signal duration was 20 seconds, and a set of discrete-time sequence data for the scan reference signal was obtained. The sampling interval for the scan reference signal was 1 ms, and the number of sample points was 20001. The discrete-time sequence data for the scan reference signal can be found [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 As shown; the reflection time t0 of the target layer in this exploration is between 4500-5000ms; the sampling interval of the seismic instrument recording parameters in this exploration is 1ms, the seismic record length is 10s, the number of single-channel sampling points is 10001, and the preamplifier gain is 12dB. Under the above recording parameter conditions, the equivalent input noise of the seismic instrument is 0.22uV.

[0178] The collected previous 3D raw single-shot seismic data were horizontally stacked without amplitude compensation to maintain the relative amplitude relationships at different layers, resulting in the processed seismic profile. (See attached image.) Figure 5 The cross-section shown on the left. On this cross-section, a reflective layer with strong reflection energy and good phase axis continuity is selected as the marker layer. Common amplitude analysis software is used, and the time window TW is selected. m and TW b The channel numbers of the marker layer and the target layer are 695 to 886, the same number of channels, and similar time lengths. Root-mean-square amplitude analysis of the reflected wavelets from the target layer and the marker layer yields the relative amplitude values ​​A for the target layer and the marker layer, respectively. m =20 and A b =100, find A b and A m The ratio is used to obtain the energy relationship coefficient K1 = A between the marker layer and the target layer. b / A m =5.

[0179] The obtained root mean square amplitude value of the equivalent input noise of the seismic instrument A noise =0.22uV, and based on the principle that the energy of the target layer is not less than 10 times the energy of the instrument noise, the expected minimum amplitude A of the target layer is determined. min =10×A noise =2.2uV, and further based on the determined energy relationship coefficient K1 between the marker layer and the target layer, the expected minimum amplitude A0 of the marker layer is determined as A0 = K1 × A min =11uV.

[0180] Among the collected controlled-source combined experiments with different numbers of seismic sources, the single shot with the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the marker layer reflection wavelet was selected as the reference shot based on the post-correlation record (SNR). From the reference shot's post-correlation record, a seismic trace showing a clear marker layer reflection wavelet was selected for extracting the wavelet. The trace number of the selected trace was T. ref =385. From the relevant post-record of the reference shot, the start time of the marker layer reflection wavelet in the 385th trace was read as t1 = 3300 ms and the end time as t2 = 3451 ms, and the number of samples for the reflection wavelet was determined to be n. fabs =152, see seismic profile of reference shot. Figure 6 As shown.

[0181] From the reference shot correlation pre-record, samples are selected from the signal ground truth value of trace 385 to obtain the reference shot time series array arrPre[Npre], where... The time corresponding to the sample values ​​in the array increases from 0 to 30000 ms with the seismic instrument's sampling interval dt as the increment. See the data for the array arrPre[Npre]. Figure 7 As shown, the horizontal axis corresponds to time, and the vertical axis corresponds to the true value of the signal, that is, the amplitude value of the signal.

[0182] The array arrPre[Npre] is correlated with the time series array of the scanned reference signal to obtain the correlated time series array arrAft[Naft], where Naft = 2 × Npre - 1 = 60001. The time corresponding to the samples in the array ranges from -30000ms to 30000ms. See [link to data for arrAft[Naft]] for more details. Figure 8 As shown, this array includes the relative amplitudes of the signals at the start and end times of the reflected wavelet. Figure 8 Alternatively, the termination time t2 can be considered as another start time.

[0183] Replace data in the array arrAft[Naft] whose time is less than the start time (3300ms) and greater than the end time (3451ms) with 0 to obtain the time series array arrRmla[Nrmla] of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet, where Nrmla = 60001. The sample values ​​in the array correspond to times from -30000ms to 30000ms. See the partial data for the array arrRmla[Nrmla]. Figure 9 As shown, at this time only the relative amplitude of the wavelet reflected by the marker layer is not 0.

[0184] The array arrRmla[Nrmla] is inversely correlated with the time series array of the scanned reference signal to obtain the time series array arrTem[Nrmla]. The sample values ​​in the array correspond to times from -30000ms to 30000ms. Data from times 0 to 30000ms in arrTem[Nrmla] are then taken to obtain the continuous vibration signal array arrRmlp[Nrmlp] of the marker layer reflection wavelet, where Nrmlp = 30001. The sample values ​​in this array correspond to times from 0 to 30000ms. For partial data of the array arrRmlp[Nrmlp], please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 10 As shown.

[0185] According to formula (1), the cumulative energy E of the continuous vibration signal of the marker layer reflected wavelet is calculated to be 5.28 * 10. - 8 uV 2 .

[0186]

[0187] According to formula (2), the true root mean square amplitude A of the wavelet reflected from the marker layer is calculated. abs =18.64uV.

[0188]

[0189] According to formula (3), the relative root mean square amplitude A of the wavelet reflected from the marker layer is calculated. rel =42.5.

[0190]

[0191] According to formula (4), the conversion coefficient K2 = 0.439 between the relative amplitude of the marker layer and the true amplitude is calculated.

[0192]

[0193] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of experimental data from comparative experiments with different combinations of firing ranges. Using common amplitude analysis software, the time window TW of the marker layer reflection wavelet was extracted from the correlated post-firing single-shot records of the excitation single-shot records from the comparative experiments with different combinations of firing ranges. sb See Figure 11 On the left, the analysis yields the relative amplitude A of the marker layer under different combinations of excitation numbers. rel For details, please see Figure 11 The data in column 3 of the table on the right. Figure 11 The first column of the table, FFID, represents the single-shot record number. Then, using the conversion coefficient between the obtained relative amplitude and the true amplitude, the true amplitude A of the marker layer excited by different combinations of firing stations is determined. abs =K2×Arel For details, please see Figure 11 The data in column 4 of the table on the right.

[0194] Using the actual amplitudes of the marker layer excited by different numbers of excitation units, a linear fit was performed with the number of excitation units on the x-axis and the actual amplitude of the marker layer on the y-axis. The fitted curve of the relationship between the actual amplitude of the marker layer and the change in the number of excitation units was obtained as y = 4.5316(x-1) + 9.3539, x ≥ 1. See the fitted curve graph. Figure 12 As shown, the x-coordinate corresponding to the y-coordinate being equal to A0 is read from the obtained fitted curve, and its value is between 1 and 2. Here, A0 is the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer obtained earlier, which is 11uV. The final number of controllable source combinations is 1.3632. Since the number of combinations is not an integer, it is rounded up to the smallest integer greater than or equal to x, which is 2. This is the determined optimal number of controllable source combinations. That is, when two sources are used to excite the target area, the reflection signal of the target layer can be effectively identified, thereby enabling precise exploration work.

[0195] Using the methods and steps of this invention, the number of controllable seismic source combinations for a three-dimensional acquisition project was determined, and good acquisition results were obtained in the target area of ​​actual exploration. This can guide the smooth progress of on-site exploration work and maximize economic benefits.

[0196] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a device for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations. This device can be installed in a computer device with computing capabilities, and its structure is as follows: Figure 13 As shown, it includes:

[0197] The first determining module 11 determines the energy relationship coefficient between the selected marker layer and the target layer to be explored, based on the preprocessed historical raw single-shot data of the target work area.

[0198] The second determining module 12 is used to determine the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer based on the predetermined expected minimum amplitude and energy relationship coefficient of the target layer.

[0199] The module 13 for determining the number of controllable seismic sources is used to determine the number of controllable seismic sources based on the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer, the pre-established fitting relationship between the number of controllable seismic source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layer.

[0200] The fitting relationship establishment module 14 is used to establish the fitting relationship between the number of controllable source combinations and the true amplitude of the marker layer.

[0201] Optionally, for the specific structure of the fitting relationship establishment module 14, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 14 As shown, it specifically includes:

[0202] The coefficient determination module 141 is used to determine the conversion relationship coefficients between the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the selected marker layer based on the seismic data of the target work area in this exploration. The seismic data includes the excitation single shot record and scanning reference signal information of the comparative test of different combinations of controllable sources.

[0203] The amplitude determination module 142 is used to obtain the relative amplitude of the marker layer from the excitation single shot record of the comparative test of different combinations of controllable seismic sources, and to obtain the true amplitude of the marker layer of the excitation single shot of the comparative test of different combinations of seismic sources based on the conversion relationship coefficient and the relative amplitude of the marker layer.

[0204] The fitting module 143 is used to fit the true amplitude of different combinations of controllable seismic sources and corresponding marker layers to obtain the fitting relationship between the number of controllable seismic source combinations and the true amplitude of the marker layer.

[0205] Regarding the determination of the number of control source combinations in the above embodiments, the specific methods of each module's operation have been described in detail in the embodiments related to this method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0206] This invention also provides a computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions. When these computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the method for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations according to this invention.

[0207] This invention also provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the method for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations according to this invention.

[0208] Unless otherwise specifically stated, terms such as processing, calculation, operation, determination, display, etc., may refer to the actions and / or processes of one or more processing or computing systems or similar devices that represent the manipulation and conversion of data representing physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the registers or memory of the processing system into other data similarly representing physical quantities within the memory, registers, or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices of the processing system. Information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0209] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process may be rearranged without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The appended method claims provide elements of various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to limit the specific order or hierarchy described.

[0210] In the detailed description above, various features are combined together in a single embodiment to simplify this disclosure. This approach to disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are explicitly stated in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is presented with fewer features than all of the features in a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby explicitly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim representing a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0211] Those skilled in the art will also understand that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability between hardware and software, the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described above are generally described in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functionality in alternative ways for each specific application; however, such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0212] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be directly embodied in hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. The software modules can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is connected to the processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0213] For software implementation, the techniques described in this application can be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in this application. This software code can be stored in memory units and executed by a processor. The memory units can be implemented within the processor or outside the processor; in the latter case, they are communicatively coupled to the processor via various means, as is well known in the art.

[0214] The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is certainly impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods in order to describe the above embodiments, but those skilled in the art will recognize that further combinations and arrangements of the various embodiments are possible. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the term "comprising" as used in the specification or claims is interpreted in a manner similar to the term "including," as interpreted when used as a conjunction in the claims. Additionally, the use of any term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or."

Claims

1. A method for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations, characterized in that, include: Based on the preprocessed historical raw single-shot data of the target work area, the energy relationship coefficients between the selected marker layer and the target layer to be explored are determined. The preprocessing refers to the horizontal overlay processing of the original single-shot records without amplitude compensation. The expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer is determined based on the predetermined expected minimum amplitude of the target layer and the energy relationship coefficient; Based on the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer, the fitting relationship between the pre-established number of controllable source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layer, the number of controllable source combinations is determined. The process of establishing the fitting relationship includes: Based on the seismic data from this exploration of the target area, the conversion coefficients of the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the selected marker layer are determined. The seismic data includes the excitation single-shot records and scanning reference signal information from the comparative test of different combinations of controllable sources. The relative amplitude of the marker layer is obtained from the single-shot record of the excitation, and the true amplitude of the marker layer of the single-shot in the comparative test of different combinations of firing numbers is obtained based on the conversion relationship coefficient and the relative amplitude of the marker layer. By fitting the actual amplitude of different combinations of controllable seismic sources and corresponding marker layers, the fitting relationship between the number of controllable seismic source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layers is obtained.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the energy relationship coefficients between the selected marker layer and the target layer to be explored, based on the preprocessed historical raw single-shot data of the target area, includes: Seismic profiles are obtained based on preprocessed historical raw single-shot data, and marker layers are selected on the seismic profiles. Amplitude analysis was performed on the selected marker layer reflection wavelet and the target layer reflection wavelet based on the selected marker layer time window and the target layer time window, respectively, to obtain the relative amplitude of the target layer and the relative amplitude of the marker layer. The energy relationship coefficients between the target layer and the marker layer are determined based on the relative amplitudes of the target layer and the marker layer.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The energy relationship coefficient K1 between the marker layer and the target layer is expressed by the following expression: Among them, A b A represents the relative amplitude of the marker layer. m The relative amplitude of the target layer.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The seismic data also includes the reflection time of the target layer to be explored, the seismic instrument recording parameters, and the equivalent input noise amplitude of the seismic instrument under the conditions of the seismic instrument recording parameters; The seismic instrument recording parameters include sampling interval, seismic record length, number of sampling points per channel, and forward gain; The scanning reference signal information includes the time length of the scanning reference signal and a discrete time series array of the scanning reference signal.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the expected minimum amplitude of the target layer includes: Based on the equivalent input noise amplitude of the seismic instrument in the acquired seismic data, the expected minimum amplitude of the target layer is determined, wherein the expected minimum amplitude A of the target layer is... min Determined by the following expression: A min =C×A noise Where C is a preset coefficient, and C>1, A noise The equivalent input noise amplitude for seismic instruments.

6. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The conversion coefficients between the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the selected marker layer, determined based on the seismic data collected from the target work area in this exploration, include: The time series array of the reference shot was obtained from the excitation single shot records of the comparative test of different combinations of shot counts, and the number of sample points of the reference shot marker layer reflection wavelet was determined. Based on the scanning reference signal information and the time series array of the reference shot, the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet is obtained. Then, the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet is subjected to inverse correlation processing to obtain the continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflection wavelet. The cumulative energy of the continuous vibration signal is obtained based on the continuous vibration signal array. The true amplitude and relative amplitude of the marker layer reflection wavelet are determined based on the cumulative energy, the number of samples of the marker layer reflection wavelet, and the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet. The conversion relationship coefficient between the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the marker layer is also determined.

7. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The number of sample points for the reference shot marker layer reflection wavelet was determined from the excitation single-shot records of comparative tests with different combinations of shot counts, including: Based on the comparative test of different combinations of gun numbers, the relevant post-record of the reference gun was obtained by activating single gun records; Select a suitable seismic trace from the relevant post-records of the reference shot and extract the marker layer reflected wavelet from the seismic trace; Read the start and end times of the marker layer reflection wavelet in the seismic trace, and determine the number of sample points of the marker layer reflection wavelet based on the start and end times, end times and the sampling interval in the seismic instrument recording parameters; The number of sample points n fabs This can be represented by the following expression: Where t1 is the start and end time, t2 is the end time, and dt is the sampling interval in the seismic instrument recording parameters.

8. The method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The time series array of the reference shot is obtained from the firing single-shot records of the comparative tests with different combinations of shot counts, including: The relevant pre-record of the reference shot was obtained from the relevant pre-record of the single-shot firing record in the comparative test of different combinations of shot counts. The signal true value of the selected seismic trace is read from the relevant pre-record of the reference shot, and the signal sample value is read from the signal true value to obtain the time series array of the reference shot. The signal sample value is the signal true value within a first time range read according to a preset time step. The length of the time series array is determined according to the length of the seismic record, the sampling interval, and the time length of the scanning reference signal.

9. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The time series array of the correlated post-marker layer reflection wavelet obtained based on the scanning reference signal information and the time series array of the reference shot includes: The discrete time series array of the scanning reference signal and the time series array of the reference shot are correlated to obtain a correlated time series array. The length of the correlated time series array is determined according to the length of the time series array of the reference shot. Replace the data in the correlated time series array whose time is less than the start time and whose time is greater than the end time with 0 to obtain the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflected wavelet.

10. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The process of performing inverse correlation processing on the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflected wavelet to obtain a continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflected wavelet includes: Based on the discrete time series array of the scanning reference signal, the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflection wavelet is inversely correlated to obtain the time series array of the inversely correlated marker layer reflection wavelet. Data within the first time range is obtained from the time series array of the marker layer reflected wavelet after inverse correlation, resulting in a continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflected wavelet.

11. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The cumulative energy of a continuous vibration signal is obtained based on a continuous vibration signal array, including: The cumulative energy E is expressed by the following expression: Where arrRmlp(i) is the i-th vibration signal in the continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflector wavelet, and Nrmlp is the length of the continuous vibration signal array of the marker layer reflector wavelet.

12. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The true and relative amplitudes of the marker layer reflected wavelet are determined based on the accumulated energy, the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet, and the time series array of the correlated marker layer reflected wavelet. The conversion coefficients between the true and relative amplitudes of the marker layer are also determined, including: The true amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet is determined based on the accumulated energy and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet; The relative amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet is determined based on the time series array of the correlated post-marker layer reflected wavelet and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet; The conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and the relative amplitude of the marker layer is determined based on the ratio of the true amplitude to the relative amplitude.

13. The method as described in claim 12, characterized in that, Determining the true amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet based on the accumulated energy and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet includes: The true amplitude A of the marker layer reflected wavelet is expressed by the following expression. abs : Where E is the cumulative energy of the continuous vibration signal of the marker layer reflected wavelet, n fabs The number of samples for the wavelet reflected from the marker layer; The relative amplitude of the marker layer reflected wavelet is determined based on the time series array of the correlated post-marker layer reflected wavelet and the number of samples of the marker layer reflected wavelet, including: The relative amplitude A of the wavelet reflected from the marker layer is expressed by the following expression. rel : Where arrRmla(i) is the i-th signal in the time series array of the reflected wavelet of the correlated post-marker layer, and n fabs This represents the number of samples of the wavelet reflected from the marker layer.

14. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The relative amplitude of the marker layer is obtained from the single-shot firing records. Based on the conversion coefficient and the relative amplitude of the marker layer, the true amplitude of the marker layer of the single-shot firing records in the comparative tests of different combinations of firing numbers is obtained, including: From the correlation post-records of single-shot records from comparative tests with different combinations of controllable source numbers, the time window of the marker layer reflection wavelet of the single shot is extracted. Based on the time window of the marker layer reflection wavelet, the relative amplitude of the marker layer of the single shot with different combinations of source numbers is analyzed. Based on the conversion coefficient between the relative amplitude and the true amplitude of the marker layer, the true amplitude of the marker layer is obtained for each excitation shot with different combinations of controllable seismic sources. The true amplitude of the marker layer is represented by the following expression: A abs =K2×A rel Among them, A abs K1 represents the true amplitude of the marker layer, and K2 represents the conversion coefficient between the true amplitude and the relative amplitude of the marker layer.

15. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, If the number of controllable source combinations is not an integer, then the number of controllable source combinations is rounded up to obtain the final number of controllable source combinations.

16. A device for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations, characterized in that, include: The first determination module, based on the preprocessed historical raw single-shot data of the target work area, determines the energy relationship coefficient between the selected marker layer and the target layer to be explored; The second determining module is used to determine the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer based on the predetermined expected minimum amplitude of the target layer and the energy relationship coefficient; The module for determining the number of controllable seismic sources is used to determine the number of controllable seismic sources based on the expected minimum amplitude of the marker layer, the pre-established fitting relationship between the number of controllable seismic source combinations and the actual amplitude of the marker layer. The fitting relationship establishment module is used to establish the fitting relationship between the number of controllable source combinations and the true amplitude of the marker layer.

17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that, The fitting relationship establishment module includes: The coefficient determination module is used to determine the conversion relationship coefficients between the true amplitude and relative amplitude of the selected marker layer based on the seismic data of the current exploration of the target work area. The seismic data includes the excitation single shot records and scanning reference signal information of the comparative test of different combinations of controllable sources. An amplitude determination module is used to obtain the relative amplitude of the marker layer from the excitation single-shot records of the comparative test of different combinations of controllable seismic sources, and to obtain the true amplitude of the marker layer of the excitation single-shot in the comparative test of different combinations of seismic sources based on the conversion relationship coefficient and the relative amplitude of the marker layer. The fitting module is used to fit the true amplitude of different combinations of controllable seismic sources and corresponding marker layers, and obtain the fitting relationship between the number of controllable seismic source combinations and the true amplitude of the marker layer.

18. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, The computer storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method for determining the number of controllable seismic source combinations as described in any one of claims 1-15.

19. A computer device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the program, implements the method for determining the number of controllable source combinations as described in any one of claims 1-15.

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