Fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid treatment device

Abstract

The invention relates to a treatment device for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid. The treatment device comprises a water storage unit and a water supply unit, the plasma torch comprises a nozzle, and the nozzle is arranged in the water storage unit; the plasma torch is externally connected with an air inlet unit; the waste liquid feeding unit is connected with the nozzle; the waste liquid feeding unit inputs fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid into a reaction area of the nozzle, and the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid and thermal plasma jet flow generated by the plasma torch are subjected to decomposition reaction; the liquid outlet is externally connected with an inlet of a heat exchange unit, and an outlet of the heat exchange unit is connected with a filtering unit; the filtering unit is used for filtering the liquid in the water storage unit after heat exchange of the heat exchange unit and collecting solid particles in the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid and particulate matters after decomposition reaction; the filtering unit is also used for circulating the filtered liquid back into the water storage unit through the liquid inlet; the nozzle comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, the inlet end of the inner layer is provided with a reaction zone, and the outlet end of the inner layer is provided with a diffusion zone; and the outer layer of the nozzle is a cooling layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radioactive waste treatment technology, and in particular to a treatment device for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid. Background Technology

[0002] Nuclear industry enterprises generate a certain amount of radioactive organic waste liquids during production and operation, including tributyl phosphate, scintillation waste liquid, lubricating oil, and cleaning solvents. These organic media form relatively stable complexes with radioactive elements, and some organic waste liquids also have characteristics such as fluidity, volatility, and easy decomposition by radiation, which bring many safety hazards to the management of radioactive waste.

[0003] Currently, the thorough treatment of fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing fluorine organic waste liquids commonly uses destructive technologies such as incineration, steam reforming, and electrochemical oxidation. However, incineration involves a large system, high operation and maintenance costs, and the flue gas produced by incineration pollutes the environment. Although certain technologies can reduce the byproducts in the air, the public still finds it difficult to accept the negative effects of incineration. Steam reforming requires special and expensive pretreatment equipment, which increases the difficulty of waste treatment. In addition, there is also the phenomenon of incomplete combustion during the steam reforming process.

[0004] How to harmlessly treat radioactive organic waste containing fluorine and chlorine has become a pressing technical challenge in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a device for treating fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid, so as to render the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid harmless.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a device for treating fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid, comprising: A water storage unit, which includes a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet; A plasma torch, which includes a nozzle disposed within a water storage unit; The plasma torch is externally connected to an air intake unit; Waste liquid feeding unit, which is connected to the nozzle; The waste liquid feeding unit feeds fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid into the reaction zone of the nozzle, where it undergoes a decomposition reaction with the thermal plasma jet generated by the plasma torch. The liquid outlet is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange unit, and the outlet of the heat exchange unit is connected to a filter unit. The filtration unit filters the liquid in the water storage unit after heat exchange by the heat exchange unit and collects solid particles in the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid as well as the particulate matter after the decomposition reaction. The filtration unit is also used to circulate the filtered liquid back into the water storage unit through the liquid inlet; The nozzle consists of an inner layer and an outer layer. The inlet end of the inner layer is provided with a reaction zone, and the outlet end of the inner layer is provided with a diffusion zone. The thermal plasma generated by the plasma torch reacts with the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid in the reaction zone of the inner layer of the nozzle. The decomposition products obtained are then introduced into the water storage unit through the diffusion zone. The outer layer of the nozzle is a cooling layer.

[0007] Preferably, the outer layer includes a diffusion region outer layer and a reaction region outer layer; The outer layer of the diffusion zone is fitted onto the diffusion zone, and the outer layer of the reaction zone is fitted onto the reaction zone; The outer layer of the diffusion zone and the outer layer of the reaction zone are connected by a cooling pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the nozzle further includes: Waste liquid inlet: The waste liquid inlet enters the reaction zone through the outer layer of the non-reaction zone outside the reaction zone.

[0009] Preferably, a cage-like component is provided at the end of the diffusion layer facing away from the reaction layer, and a movable component is provided inside the cage-like component; When the hot plasma jet flows from the reaction zone to the diffusion zone, the moving part is pushed open by the hot plasma jet, and the hot plasma jet enters the water storage unit from the diffusion zone outlet of the nozzle. The moving part is used to seal the outlet of the nozzle in the diffusion zone when the thermal plasma jet stops flowing from the reaction zone to the diffusion zone.

[0010] Preferably, the plasma torch is located at the lower end of the water storage unit; The liquid outlet is located at the lower end of the water storage unit; The liquid inlet is located at the top of the water storage unit.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes: The alkaline additive unit is used to add alkaline solution to the water storage unit. The alkaline solution is used to neutralize the hydrogen fluoride produced after the decomposition of fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes: Condensation unit, pickling unit, and exhaust unit; The condensation unit connects the pickling unit and the water storage unit. The gas in the water storage unit is condensed by the condensation unit and then enters the pickling unit for pickling. After being pickled in the pickling unit and meeting emission standards, the gas is discharged through the exhaust unit.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes: The gas analysis and detection unit is installed between the pickling unit and the exhaust unit to detect whether the gas meets the emission standards.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes: The demisting unit is connected to the condensation unit and the acid washing unit.

[0015] Preferably, the alkali addition unit inputs alkali into the water storage unit via a first drive pump; The waste liquid feeding unit feeds fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid into the water storage unit via a second drive pump. Both the first and second drive pumps are peristaltic pumps.

[0016] The above technical solution enables the harmless treatment of fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid and the recovery of uranium materials. The solution circulation direction within the water storage unit is opposite to the jet direction, ensuring sufficient contact between the reaction products and the aqueous solution, thus improving the washing and absorption effects. Simultaneously, it ensures that solid materials in the solution enter the solution circulation loop and are collected, preventing excessive accumulation of solid materials in the water storage unit. The heat exchange unit lowers the solution temperature, extending the equipment's service life. While collecting solid materials, it also provides compliant gas treatment, further enhancing the harmless treatment capability.

[0017] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present application and form part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they serve to explain the present application but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a treatment device for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a nozzle according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle according to an embodiment of the present application, along the direction from the cooling water inlet to the cooling water outlet.

[0019] Figure label: 101-Waste liquid feeding unit; 102-Alkali material adding unit; 103-First drive pump; 104-Second drive pump; 105-Air inlet unit; 106-Plasma torch; 107-Nozzle; 1071-Reaction zone inlet; 1072-Diffusion zone outlet; 1073-Cooling water inlet; 1074-Cooling water outlet; 1075-Reaction zone; 1076-Diffusion zone; 1077-Outer layer of diffusion zone; 1078-Outer layer of reaction zone; 1079-Waste liquid inlet; 108-Water storage unit; 109-Condensation unit; 110-Demisting unit; 111-Alkali washing unit; 112-Gas analysis and detection unit; 113-Exhaust unit; 114-Temporary storage unit; 115-Filtration unit; 116-Heat exchange unit; 117-Centrifugal pump. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The preferred embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0021] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of this application. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of this application are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended inclusions, meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the description below.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" may be used in this application only to distinguish different devices, components or parts, and are not used to define the order of functions performed by these devices, components or parts or their interdependence.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms "one" and "more" used in this application are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that, unless explicitly stated otherwise in the context, they should be understood as "one or more". "More" should be understood as two or more.

[0025] The device for treating fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid of this application includes: The water storage unit 108 includes a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet. The plasma torch 106 includes a nozzle 107, which is disposed within the water storage unit 108. The plasma torch 106 is externally connected to an air intake unit 105; Waste liquid feeding unit 101 is connected to nozzle 107; The waste liquid feeding unit 101 feeds fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid into the reaction zone of the nozzle 107, where it undergoes a decomposition reaction with the thermal plasma jet generated by the plasma torch 106. The liquid outlet is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange unit 116, and the outlet of the heat exchange unit 116 is connected to the filter unit 115. Filtering unit 115 filters the liquid in water storage unit 108 after heat exchange by heat exchange unit 116 and collects solid particles and particulate matter from fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid. The filter unit 115 is also used to circulate the filtered liquid back into the water storage unit 108 through the liquid inlet; The nozzle 107 includes an inner layer and an outer layer. The inlet end of the inner layer is provided with a reaction zone 1075 and the outlet end of the inner layer is provided with a diffusion zone 1076. The thermal plasma generated by the plasma torch 106 reacts with the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid in the reaction zone 1075 of the inner layer of the nozzle 107 to obtain the decomposition products, which then enter the water storage unit 108 through the diffusion zone 1076. The outer layer of nozzle 107 is a cooling layer.

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Example 1 Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a treatment device for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the nozzle according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle according to an embodiment of this application, along the direction from the cooling water inlet to the cooling water outlet. Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the device for treating fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid includes: a water storage unit 108.

[0028] In one exemplary embodiment, the water storage unit 108 is, for example, a pool or tank, and the surface of the water storage unit 108 in contact with the internal solution is made of a corrosion-resistant material, or it can be understood that the surface of the water storage unit 108 in contact with the solution has corrosion resistance.

[0029] In one exemplary embodiment, the water storage unit 108 includes a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet; for example, the liquid outlet is located at the lower end of the water storage unit 108, and the liquid inlet is located at the upper end of the water storage unit 108.

[0030] In one exemplary embodiment, the liquid inlet is located at the upper end of the water storage unit 108, and the liquid outlet is located at the lower end of the water storage unit 108, so that the solution circulation in the water storage unit 108 is opposite to the jet direction, ensuring that the product jet and the aqueous solution are in full contact, improving the washing and absorption effect, while ensuring that the solid substances in the solution enter the circulation loop and are filtered and collected, preventing excessive accumulation in the water storage unit 108.

[0031] In one exemplary embodiment, the water storage unit 108 may also be a cylindrical container, if necessary.

[0032] In one exemplary embodiment, the uranium recovery device for treating uranium-containing fluorinated oil waste liquid according to this application further includes a plasma torch 106.

[0033] In one exemplary embodiment, the plasma torch 106 includes a nozzle 107 disposed within a water storage unit 108; it can be understood that the plasma torch 106 has the nozzle 107 disposed within the water storage unit 108, and a leak-proof treatment is performed between the plasma torch 106 and the water storage unit 108 to prevent liquid in the water storage unit 108 from leaking through the interface between the plasma torch 106 and the water storage unit 108.

[0034] In one exemplary embodiment, the nozzle 107 is connected to the water storage unit 108 through the bottom center of the water storage unit 108 as needed.

[0035] In one exemplary embodiment, the plasma torch 106 is externally connected to an air intake unit 105.

[0036] In one exemplary embodiment, the air intake unit 105 supplies oxygen and argon to the plasma torch 106; it can be understood that the plasma torch 106 uses oxygen as a carrier gas, which facilitates the decomposition of organic matter, and uses argon as a protective gas to protect the electrodes of the plasma torch 106.

[0037] In one exemplary embodiment, the intake unit 105 provides an argon flow rate of approximately 30 NL / min and an oxygen flow rate of approximately 150-180 NL / min.

[0038] In one exemplary embodiment, the air intake unit 105 ensures that the gas flow forms a plasma jet that enters the water storage unit 108 through the nozzle 107.

[0039] In one exemplary embodiment, the plasma torch 106 is selected as a non-transfer DC arc plasma torch.

[0040] In one exemplary embodiment, the temperature of the core region of the plasma torch 106 is greater than 1000°C.

[0041] In one exemplary embodiment, the plasma torch 106 is selected from copper anodes and tungsten cathodes.

[0042] In one exemplary embodiment, the nozzle 107 reacts the feed plasma with the waste fluorinated oil inside it, and the jet formed by the high-velocity gas generated by the air intake unit 105 sprays the reaction products from the nozzle 107 into the water storage unit 108.

[0043] In one exemplary embodiment, the uranium recovery device for treating uranium-containing fluorinated oil waste liquid according to the present application further includes: a waste liquid feeding unit 101.

[0044] In one exemplary embodiment, the waste liquid feeding unit 101 is connected to the nozzle 107. This can be understood as the waste liquid feeding unit 101 feeding uranium-containing fluorinated oil waste liquid into the nozzle 107. That is, the waste liquid feeding unit 101 feeds uranium-containing fluorinated oil waste liquid into the reaction zone 1075 of the nozzle 107, where it undergoes a decomposition reaction with the thermal plasma jet generated by the plasma torch 106.

[0045] In one exemplary embodiment, the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid contains uranium. After the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid undergoes a decomposition reaction, the aqueous solution in the water storage unit 108 absorbs the products of the thermal decomposition reaction, and the uranium material therein is heated into solid particles. It can be understood that the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid is contaminated with uranium material for various reasons, and fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid is usually toxic. It is thermally decomposed using plasma, and its product, hydrogen fluoride, is dissolved and absorbed by the aqueous solution in the water storage unit 108, and finally passes upward through the gas path where the condensation unit 109 is located and is gradually filtered until the emission meets the standards. The uranium compound components are heated to form a stable solid, which facilitates recovery.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, to prevent fluorinated oil-based organic waste liquid from being difficult to flow due to its viscosity, a heating unit can be provided on the container wall of the waste liquid feeding unit 101, for example, by heating the container wall with a resistance wire or an electric heating strip. The heating unit is used to heat and maintain the temperature at 20°C to 120°C.

[0047] In one exemplary embodiment, the waste liquid feeding unit 101 may be further provided with a temperature measuring element and a control unit of the heating unit, as needed, for adjusting the temperature of the fluorinated oil waste liquid in the waste liquid feeding unit 101.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, in order to increase the heating area of ​​the waste liquid feeding unit 101, the waste liquid feeding unit 101 can also be designed into a cylindrical shape, for example, with a height-to-diameter ratio of 8-10. The bottom of the waste liquid feeding unit 101 is conical, and a control valve is provided at the bottom opening. A second drive pump 104 is then connected to the nozzle 107.

[0049] In one exemplary embodiment, as needed, an alkali addition unit 102 is also connected to the upper end of the water storage unit 108, and the alkali addition unit 102 is connected to the water storage unit 108 through a first drive pump 103.

[0050] In one exemplary embodiment, the alkali addition unit 102 is used to add an alkaline solution to the water storage unit 108 to neutralize the hydrogen fluoride generated after the decomposition of fluorinated oil waste liquid.

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, the alkaline solution is, for example, NaOH or Na2CO3. When the alkaline material addition unit 102 adds the alkaline solution to the water storage unit 108, the amount of alkaline solution added is matched with the amount of fluorinated oil waste liquid. The purpose of adding the alkaline solution is to neutralize the acidic substances such as hydrogen fluoride produced.

[0052] In one exemplary embodiment, the aqueous solution in the water storage unit 108 absorbs products such as hydrogen fluoride generated from the decomposition of organic waste liquid, and achieves recycling and harmless discharge by neutralizing and adjusting the pH and then cooling, filtering and washing.

[0053] In one exemplary embodiment, the first drive pump 103 and the second drive pump 104 are both peristaltic pumps, as needed.

[0054] In one exemplary embodiment, the liquid outlet of the water storage unit 108 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange unit 116 via the centrifugal pump 117. The outlet of the heat exchange unit 116 is connected to the inlet of the filter unit 115. The filter unit 115 filters the liquid in the water storage unit 108 after heat exchange by the heat exchange unit 116 and collects solid particles and particulate matter from the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid.

[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, the heat exchange unit 116 is used to cool the aqueous solution from the water storage unit 108, so that the aqueous solution is kept at a relatively low temperature, for example, maintained at 25 to 30°C. This design can prevent fluoride ions from accelerating the corrosion rate of components at higher temperatures, thereby extending the service life.

[0056] In one exemplary embodiment, the heat exchange unit 116 is, for example, a plate heat exchanger.

[0057] In one exemplary embodiment, the liquid outlet of the filter unit 115 is connected to a temporary storage unit 114, and the output of the temporary storage unit 114 is connected to the liquid inlet of the water storage unit 108.

[0058] In one exemplary embodiment, when the liquid filtered by the filter unit 115 meets the standard, the liquid is discharged through the drain outlet of the temporary storage unit 114.

[0059] In one exemplary embodiment, the filtration unit 115 is used to filter and separate solid particles such as impurities and decomposition products from the waste liquid.

[0060] In one exemplary embodiment, the filter unit 115 is, for example, a bag filter with a filtration accuracy of 1 μm, 5 μm, or 10 μm.

[0061] In one exemplary embodiment, if the liquid filtered by the filtration unit 115 still fails to meet the emission standards, it can be circulated back into the water storage unit 108 through the liquid inlet.

[0062] In one exemplary embodiment, the temporary storage unit 114 can also be used to add and discharge aqueous solutions, for example, to temporarily release and store the aqueous solution in the water storage unit 108 in an emergency.

[0063] In one exemplary embodiment, the temporary storage unit 114 may be provided with a water inlet as needed for replenishing the water storage unit 108.

[0064] In one exemplary embodiment, calcium hydroxide is provided in the temporary storage unit 114 as needed to react with fluoride ions in the solution to form calcium fluoride precipitate. The fluoride ion concentration in the solution is less than 20 mg / L before it can be discharged, and the precipitated calcium fluoride is collected and treated.

[0065] In one exemplary embodiment, a condensation unit 109 is also provided at the upper end of the water storage unit 108, and the condensation unit 109 is connected to the pickling unit and the water storage unit 108.

[0066] In one exemplary embodiment, the condensation unit 109 condenses the evaporated gas through heat exchange, which serves both for the reuse of the aqueous solution and to prevent the emission of any possible hydrogen fluoride gas.

[0067] In one exemplary embodiment, the gas in the water storage unit 108 is condensed by the condensation unit 109 and then enters the pickling unit for pickling.

[0068] In one exemplary embodiment, the gas is discharged through the exhaust unit 113 after being pickled in the pickling unit and meeting the emission standards.

[0069] In one exemplary embodiment, a gas analysis and detection unit 112 may be included as needed. The gas analysis and detection unit 112 is disposed between the pickling unit and the exhaust unit 113 and is used to detect whether the gas meets the emission standards, for example, whether the harmful components in the gas meet the emission standards.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, a demisting unit 110 may be included as needed, which is connected to the condensing unit 109 and the acid washing unit. It can be understood that the gas in the water storage unit 108 passes through the condensing unit 109, the demisting unit 110, the alkaline washing unit 111, and the gas analysis and detection unit 112, and is finally discharged through the exhaust unit 113 when it meets the gas emission standards.

[0071] In one exemplary embodiment, uranium contained in fluorinated oil waste typically exists in the form of uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) or uranium oxides such as UO2. When subjected to underwater thermal plasma treatment, UO2F2 thermally decomposes to form water-insoluble uranium oxide (U3O8) or UO2. These uranium oxides are insoluble in water, therefore the uranium in the water can be recovered using methods such as filtration. The specific reaction equation is shown below: UF6 + H2O == UO2F2 + 2HF 6UO2F2 + 6H2O == 2U3O8 + 12HF + O2 (heating) In one exemplary embodiment, the uranium recovery device for treating uranium-containing fluorinated oil waste liquid according to this application first activates the air inlet unit 105 to ensure the air supply flow reaches the target value. Then, the water inlet of the temporary storage unit 114 is opened to allow the water storage unit 108 to hold a sufficient amount of aqueous solution. Next, the alkali addition unit 102 is activated to add a matching alkali solution to the water storage unit 108 to prevent hydrogen fluoride in the aqueous solution from failing to neutralize in time after the reaction begins. The plasma torch 106 is then activated, and after the electric arc stabilizes and plasma is generated, the waste liquid feeding unit 101 is activated to deliver the fluorinated oil waste liquid into the nozzle 107 at a certain rate.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, the fluorinated oil waste liquid in this application example contains perfluoropolyether, and its oxidative decomposition reaction expression can be approximately expressed as: (C2O 1.1 F 4.2 ) liq + 0.4O2+ 2.1H2O liq → 2CO2+ 4.2 HF In one exemplary embodiment, solid waste in the filter unit 115 is collected after the fluorinated oil waste liquid has been completely treated.

[0073] In one exemplary embodiment, since there are corrosive substances in the fluorinated oil waste liquid and those generated after the reaction, all components involved in this application can be made of corrosion-resistant materials in order to extend their service life.

[0074] In one exemplary embodiment, the nozzle 107 in this application embodiment may include an inner layer and an outer layer as needed, and can be understood as a double-layer structure.

[0075] In an exemplary embodiment, the inner layer has a reaction zone 1075 at the inlet end and a diffusion zone 1076 at the outlet end. It can be understood that the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid mainly undergoes thermal decomposition reaction in the reaction zone 1075. Of course, as the airflow flows, the remaining part of the unreacted fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid and the products after thermal decomposition reaction enter the diffusion zone 1076 and can continue to undergo thermal decomposition reaction. However, after leaving the diffusion zone 1076, it enters the water storage unit 108. That is, the thermal plasma generated by the plasma torch and the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid undergo a decomposition reaction in the reaction zone 1075 of the inner layer of the nozzle 107 to obtain decomposition products, which enter the water storage unit 108 through the diffusion zone 1076.

[0076] In one exemplary embodiment, the outlet of nozzle 107 is the diffusion zone outlet 1072, and the inlet of nozzle 107 is the reaction zone inlet 1071.

[0077] In one exemplary embodiment, the outer layer of the nozzle 107 is a cooling layer, such as a cooling water pipe.

[0078] In one exemplary embodiment, the outer layer of the nozzle 107 is provided with a cooling water inlet 1073 and a cooling water outlet 1074 as needed. For example, the cooling water inlet 1073 is provided on the outer layer 1078 of the reaction zone, while the cooling water outlet 1074 is provided on the outer layer of the diffusion zone.

[0079] In one exemplary embodiment, if necessary, a cooling water inlet 1073 and a cooling water outlet 1074 are connected to a cooling circulation pipe for cooling the nozzle 107.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the outer layer includes a diffusion region outer layer 1077 and a reaction region outer layer 1078, with the diffusion region outer layer 1077 disposed on the diffusion region 1076 and the reaction region outer layer 1078 disposed on the reaction region 1075.

[0081] In one exemplary embodiment, the outer layer 1077 of the diffusion region and the outer layer 1078 of the reaction region are connected by a cooling pipe.

[0082] In one exemplary embodiment, the nozzle 107 further includes a waste liquid inlet 1079.

[0083] In one exemplary embodiment, the waste liquid inlet 1079 is connected to the reaction zone 1075 through the non-reaction zone outer layer 1078 region outside the reaction zone 1075.

[0084] In one exemplary embodiment, the waste liquid inlet 1079 is connected to a waste liquid feeding unit.

[0085] In one exemplary embodiment, a cage-like component is provided at the end of the diffusion layer facing away from the reaction layer. A movable component is provided inside the cage-like component. When the hot plasma jet flows from the reaction zone 1075 to the diffusion zone 1076, the hot plasma jet pushes open the movable component, and the hot plasma jet enters the water storage unit 108 from the outlet of the nozzle 107. When the hot plasma jet stops flowing from the reaction zone 1075 to the diffusion zone 1076, the movable component is used to block the outlet of the nozzle 107.

[0086] In one exemplary embodiment, the movable component disposed within the cage-like component may be a metal sphere, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the diffusion zone outlet 1072. When the thermal plasma jet moves from the inner layer toward the diffusion zone 1076, its own power is sufficient to push the metal sphere away from the diffusion zone outlet 1072. At this time, the cage-like component restricts the movement of the metal sphere, which can only rotate within the cage-like component. The thermal plasma jet hitting the metal sphere enhances the diffusion effect. Since the diffusion zone outlet 1072 is open upward, when the thermal plasma jet slows down or stops moving toward the diffusion zone outlet 1072, the metal sphere falls due to its own gravity and blocks the diffusion zone outlet 1072, thereby preventing the aqueous solution in the water storage unit 108 from flowing back into the nozzle 107.

[0087] In one exemplary embodiment, the metal sphere is made of a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant material, as needed.

[0088] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A device for treating fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid, characterized in that, include: A water storage unit, comprising a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet; A plasma torch, the plasma torch including a nozzle disposed within the water storage unit; The plasma torch is externally connected to an air intake unit; A waste liquid feeding unit, wherein the waste liquid feeding unit is connected to the nozzle; The waste liquid feeding unit inputs fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid into the reaction zone of the nozzle, where it undergoes a decomposition reaction with the thermal plasma jet generated by the plasma torch. The liquid outlet is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange unit, and the outlet of the heat exchange unit is connected to a filter unit. The filtration unit filters the liquid in the water storage unit after it has been heated by the heat exchange unit and collects the solid particles in the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid as well as the particulate matter after the decomposition reaction. The filtration unit is also used to circulate the filtered liquid back into the water storage unit through the liquid inlet; The nozzle includes an inner layer and an outer layer, the inlet end of the inner layer is provided with a reaction zone, and the outlet end of the inner layer is provided with a diffusion zone; The thermal plasma generated by the plasma torch reacts with the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid in the reaction zone of the inner layer of the nozzle to obtain decomposition products, which then enter the water storage unit through the diffusion zone. The outer layer of the nozzle is a cooling layer.

2. The treatment device for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer layer includes a diffusion region outer layer and a reaction region outer layer; The outer layer of the diffusion region is sleeved on the diffusion region, and the outer layer of the reaction region is sleeved on the reaction region; The outer layer of the diffusion zone and the outer layer of the reaction zone are connected by a cooling pipe.

3. The treatment device for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nozzle also includes: Waste liquid inlet, which enters the reaction zone through a region outside the reaction zone that is not the outer layer of the reaction zone.

4. The treatment apparatus for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid according to claim 3, characterized in that, A cage-like component is provided at the end of the diffusion layer facing away from the reaction layer, and a movable component is provided inside the cage-like component; When the hot plasma jet flows from the reaction zone to the diffusion zone, the hot plasma jet pushes open the movable component, and the hot plasma jet enters the water storage unit from the diffusion zone outlet of the nozzle. The movable component is used to block the outlet of the diffusion zone of the nozzle when the thermal plasma jet stops flowing from the reaction zone to the diffusion zone.

5. The treatment apparatus for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plasma torch is located at the lower end of the water storage unit; The liquid outlet is located at the lower end of the water storage unit; The liquid inlet is located at the upper end of the water storage unit.

6. The treatment apparatus for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes: An alkaline additive unit is provided for adding an alkaline solution to the water storage unit. The alkaline solution is used to neutralize the hydrogen fluoride produced after the decomposition of the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid.

7. The treatment apparatus for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes: Condensation unit, pickling unit, and exhaust unit; The condensation unit is connected to the pickling unit and the water storage unit. The gas in the water storage unit is condensed by the condensation unit and then enters the pickling unit for pickling. After being pickled in the pickling unit and meeting emission standards, the gas is discharged through the exhaust unit.

8. The treatment apparatus for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes: A gas analysis and detection unit is provided, which is installed between the acid washing unit and the exhaust unit, and is used to detect whether the gas meets the emission standards.

9. The treatment apparatus for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes: A demisting unit, which is connected to the condensation unit and the acid washing unit.

10. The treatment apparatus for fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid according to claim 6, characterized in that, The alkali addition unit inputs alkali into the water storage unit via a first drive pump; The waste liquid feeding unit feeds the fluorine-containing radioactive waste liquid into the water storage unit via a second drive pump. Both the first drive pump and the second drive pump are peristaltic pumps.

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