Data center power supply system and method based on renewable energy power generation
By constructing a data center power supply system based on renewable energy generation, combined with energy storage batteries and IGBT rectifiers, the problems of energy supply shortages and electricity costs in data centers have been solved, achieving efficient and stable power supply, reducing switching losses and electricity costs, and improving power quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTH CHINA POWER ENG
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing data centers face problems such as tight energy supply and high electricity costs. Furthermore, the fluctuations in power load for AI computing pose a challenge to the stability of the power grid. Breakthroughs are needed in power system design and scheduling to ensure stable power supply and reduce energy consumption.
A data center power supply system based on renewable energy generation is adopted, which combines energy storage batteries and energy storage converters. Through IGBT rectifiers and UPS DC distribution cabinets, a "2+1" DR system architecture is constructed. The mains power and renewable energy serve as backups for each other. The energy storage batteries are charged and discharged on the AC side of the power supply to balance power fluctuations. A general transformer is directly connected to the IGBT rectifier to reduce switching losses and improve system efficiency.
It has achieved reliable and stable power supply for data centers, reduced electricity costs, improved power quality, and achieved a system efficiency of 98%. Under the condition of self-built new energy power generation station, the cost per kilowatt-hour can be reduced to 0.1 yuan/kWh to 0.2 yuan/kWh, with significant energy saving and carbon reduction effects.
Smart Images
Figure CN121886535A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of renewable energy power generation technology, specifically relating to a data center power supply system and method based on renewable energy power generation. Background Technology
[0002] With the widespread application of AI technology in fields such as intelligent interaction, medical diagnosis, and industrial optimization, data centers, as the core of computing power support, are experiencing explosive growth in electricity consumption. Data from the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that global data center electricity demand reached 415 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2024, accounting for 1.5% of global total electricity consumption, and is projected to surge to 945 TWh by 2030, an increase of over 127% from current levels. Simultaneously, the power load during AI computing can fluctuate dramatically within a short period, ranging from 10% to 100%, posing a challenge to grid stability. Current technologies for optimizing data center energy efficiency face the dual contradiction of surging computing power demand and tight energy supply, urgently requiring breakthroughs in traditional technological bottlenecks in power system design and power dispatch to address the ultra-high energy consumption challenges brought about by the development of AI technology. Data centers consume extremely high amounts of energy during operation; therefore, a green transition and improved energy efficiency have become primary concerns in data center power supply solutions. Furthermore, reforms to the on-grid tariff for coal-fired power generation have directly increased the operating costs of data centers. Taking Beijing as an example, due to electricity price reforms, the price of electricity has increased from 0.72 yuan / kWh to 0.84 yuan / kWh. Therefore, while ensuring a stable power supply, it is also necessary to consider the cost of electricity. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a data center power supply system and method based on renewable energy power generation, which solves the problems of tight energy supply and high electricity costs in existing data centers, and achieves beneficial technical effects such as ensuring stable power supply, saving energy and reducing carbon emissions, and improving power quality.
[0004] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a data center power supply system based on renewable energy power generation, including a renewable energy power generation system and an energy storage battery; the energy storage battery is connected to an energy storage converter, and the energy storage converter is connected to AC bus section I and AC bus section II; the output terminal of the step-down substation of the renewable energy power generation system is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage converter and AC bus section I; the output terminal of the mains power is connected to the input terminal of the energy storage converter and AC bus section II; it also includes one or more transformers; the high-voltage side of each transformer is connected to AC bus section I and AC bus section II; the low-voltage side of each transformer is connected to the AC side of an IGBT rectifier, and the DC side of each IGBT rectifier is connected to the input terminal of a UPS DC distribution cabinet; it also includes one or more IT loads; the output terminal of the UPS DC distribution cabinet is connected to the IT loads.
[0005] In some implementations, there are multiple transformers, IGBT rectifiers, and UPS DC distribution cabinets, with each IT load connected to the output terminals of two UPS DC distribution cabinets.
[0006] In some implementations, the number of transformers, IGBT rectifiers, UPS DC distribution cabinets, and IT loads are the same; the output of each UPS DC distribution cabinet is connected to two IT loads.
[0007] In some implementations, the transformer is a power transformer.
[0008] In some implementations, the output of the step-down substation of the renewable energy power generation system is a first 10kV power source, and the output of the mains power source is a second 10kV power source.
[0009] According to the second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a data center power supply method based on renewable energy power generation, which employs the data center power supply system based on renewable energy power generation of the present invention, and includes the following steps: The electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation system, the electricity generated by the energy storage battery through the energy storage converter, and the electricity generated by the mains power are all collected at the bus and transmitted to the transformer. The voltage is adjusted by the transformer, and then the AC power is converted into DC power by the IGBT rectifier. Finally, it is sent to the IT load through the UPS DC distribution cabinet.
[0010] In some implementations, electricity generated by renewable energy generation systems and electricity generated by the mains grid can be fed back through energy storage converters as a charging source for energy storage batteries.
[0011] In some implementations, the electricity generated by the renewable energy generation system serves as the primary power source, while the electricity generated by the mains grid serves as a backup power source. When the primary power source is insufficient to meet the power supply needs of the IT load, the mains grid provides power to make up the shortfall.
[0012] In some implementations, when the power generated by the renewable energy generation system fluctuates, the energy storage battery charges and discharges to compensate for the power difference between the power generated by the renewable energy generation system and the required power.
[0013] In some implementations, each IT load is powered by two UPS DC distribution cabinets; when one of the UPS DC distribution cabinets powering an IT load fails, the other UPS DC distribution cabinet powers the IT load.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In the data center power supply system and method based on renewable energy power generation of the present invention, the renewable energy power generation system and the mains power serve as backups for each other to ensure the reliability of the data center power supply; at the same time, it is also equipped with energy storage batteries and energy storage converters to increase the stability of the system power supply. When the renewable energy power generation fluctuates, the energy storage batteries can charge and discharge to compensate for the power difference between the power supply end and the load end; the energy storage batteries are set on the AC side of the power supply. Compared with setting them on the DC side of the power supply, the energy storage batteries are closer to the renewable energy power generation side and can respond more quickly to the impact of power generation caused by the fluctuation of wind and solar resources; the energy storage batteries can also be connected to the mains power for charging, further increasing the stability of the system power supply.
[0015] 2. The data center power supply system and method based on renewable energy generation of the present invention adopts a typical "2+1" DR (distributed redundancy) system architecture on the power supply side. The transformer is connected to both AC bus section I and AC bus section II. Compared with the existing "Panama Power System", this solution can use a general transformer (power transformer) instead of a phase-shifting transformer. Due to the fixed conduction angle, the phase-shifting transformer has a limitation on the number of loads that a single transformer can connect. However, the architecture of using a general transformer combined with an IGBT rectifier has no limitation on the number of loads under, for example, a 10kV bus carrying capacity. Furthermore, this solution does not set up switch cabinets and two-stage DC distribution cabinets. The power transformer is directly connected to the IGBT rectifier, which reduces switching losses. Each IT load is preferably powered by two UPSs. When one UPS fails, the other UPS powers the load. This redundancy mode can achieve a high load rate at a low cost.
[0016] 3. In terms of system layout, the rectifier power supply section of the data center power supply system and method based on renewable energy generation of the present invention can adopt an integrated design. Taking a 2500kVA transformer back-end power distribution system as an example, the traditional equipment occupies approximately 300m² of space. 2 By adopting IGBT rectifiers and integrating UPS DC distribution cabinets, the floor space can be reduced by 50%. The IGBT-based rectifier system outperforms the existing "Panama" power solution in terms of power-side harmonic rate and DC ripple performance using the "phase-shifting transformer + multi-pulse rectification". Under variable load operation conditions, the system efficiency of this solution can reach 98%. In the case of self-built renewable energy power plants for self-consumption, the cost of renewable energy can be as low as 0.1 yuan / kWh to 0.2 yuan / kWh, which is 88% lower than the commercial electricity price. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure provided by the present invention.
[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Energy storage battery; 2. Energy storage converter; 3. AC bus section I; 4. AC bus section II; 5. Substation; 6. Mains power; 7. Transformer; 8. IGBT rectifier; 9. UPS DC distribution cabinet; 10. IT load. Detailed Implementation
[0019] This invention provides a data center power supply system and method based on renewable energy generation, solving the problems of tight energy supply and high electricity costs in existing data centers. It achieves beneficial technical effects such as ensuring stable power supply, energy saving and carbon reduction, and improved power quality. Specifically, the system architecture of this invention combines the characteristics of AC (alternating current) UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) and grid + distributed BBU (Battery Backup Unit) power supply, ensuring stable power supply and fully leveraging the energy-saving and carbon-reducing characteristics of renewable energy (i.e., new energy). Simultaneously, it utilizes the device characteristics of IGBT rectifiers to alleviate potential harmonic problems in existing "Panama" power solutions, thereby improving power quality.
[0020] Please see Figure 1 The present invention discloses a data center power supply system based on renewable energy generation. The system of the present invention is a combined cooling and power system, mainly composed of a power supply section, a rectifier power supply section and a load section, and the various parts of the equipment are connected by cables.
[0021] Among them, it includes a renewable energy power generation system and a storage battery 1. The storage battery 1 is connected to a energy storage inverter 2, and the energy storage inverter 2 is generally a system supporting the storage battery 1. The energy storage inverter 2 is connected to the AC bus section I 3 and the AC bus section II 4 (or it can be said that the energy storage inverter 2 is connected to the AC bus, and the AC bus includes the AC bus section I 3 and the AC bus section II 4). The output end of the step-down substation 5 of the renewable energy power generation system is connected to the input end of the energy storage inverter 2 and the AC bus section I 3. The output end of the mains power supply 6 is connected to the input end of the energy storage inverter 2 and the AC bus section II 4. The storage battery 1, the energy storage inverter 2 and the step-down substation 5 of the renewable energy power generation system together constitute the power supply part of this system.
[0022] It also includes one or more transformers 7. The high-voltage side of each transformer 7 is connected to the AC bus section I 3 and the AC bus section II 4. The low-voltage side of each transformer 7 is connected to the AC side of an IGBT rectifier 8, and the DC side of each IGBT rectifier 8 is connected to the input end of a UPS DC power distribution cabinet 9. The UPS DC power distribution cabinet 9 is, in other words, an uninterruptible power supply system containing the required DC power distribution cabinets. Each connected set of transformer 7, IGBT rectifier 8, and UPS DC power distribution cabinet 9 is connected in sequence. If there are multiple sets, they are in a parallel relationship. The transformer 7, IGBT rectifier 8, and UPS DC power distribution cabinet 9 together constitute the rectified power supply part of this system.
[0023] It also includes one or more IT loads 10, and the IT load 10 is the load in the data center system. The output end of the UPS DC power distribution cabinet 9 is connected to the IT load 10. The IT load 10 is the load part in this system.
[0024] Preferably, the transformer 7, IGBT rectifier 8, and UPS DC power distribution cabinet 9 are all multiple (collectively forming multiple parallel sets), and each IT load 10 is connected to the output ends of two UPS DC power distribution cabinets 9 to ensure reliable power supply to the load through a redundant method.
[0025] Further preferably, the number of transformers 7, IGBT rectifiers 8, UPS DC power distribution cabinets 9, and IT loads 10 is the same; the output end of each UPS DC power distribution cabinet 9 is connected to two IT loads 10. This connection architecture of this solution can minimize the number of devices configured in the rectified power supply part while ensuring the stability and reliability of the system. For example Figure 1In the structure shown, there are three transformers 7, IGBT rectifiers 8, UPS DC distribution cabinets 9, and IT loads 10, with every two UPS DC distribution cabinets 9 connected to the same IT load 10. Another conceivable structure is to have two transformers 7, IGBT rectifiers 8, UPS DC distribution cabinets 9, and IT loads 10, with each of the two UPS DC distribution cabinets 9 connected to two separate IT loads 10. Therefore, the number of transformers 7, IGBT rectifiers 8, UPS DC distribution cabinets 9, and IT loads 10 can be any integer, such as two, three, four, five, etc.
[0026] Preferably, transformer 7 is a power transformer, i.e., a general transformer, rather than a phase-shifting transformer. The architecture of a general transformer combined with an IGBT rectifier does not limit the number of loads under the bus load capacity.
[0027] The output of the step-down substation 5 of the renewable energy power generation system is the first power source, and the output of the mains power 6 is the second power source. The first power source and the second power source serve as backups for each other. More specifically, for example, the output of the step-down substation 5 of the renewable energy power generation system is the first 10kV power source (in other words, the 10kV power source drawn from the renewable energy step-down substation), and the output of the mains power 6 is the second 10kV power source; the AC bus is a 10kV bus; section I of the 10kV bus is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage side of one or more transformers via cables, and section II of the 10kV bus is simultaneously connected to the high-voltage side of one or more transformers via cables.
[0028] Based on the data center power supply system based on renewable energy generation of the present invention, the present invention also provides a data center power supply method based on renewable energy generation, which includes the following steps: The electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation system, the electricity generated by the energy storage battery 1 through the energy storage converter 2, and the electricity generated by the mains power 6 are all collected at the bus and transmitted to the transformer 7. The voltage is adjusted by the transformer 7, and then the AC power is converted into DC power by the IGBT rectifier 8. Finally, it is sent to the IT load 10 through the UPS DC distribution cabinet 9.
[0029] Preferably, the electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation system and the electricity generated by the mains power 6 can be fed back through the energy storage converter 2 as a charging source for the energy storage battery 1, thereby increasing the stability of the system power supply.
[0030] Preferably, the electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation system serves as the primary power source (specifically, for example, the aforementioned first 10kV power source), while the electricity generated by the mains power supply 6 serves as a backup power source (specifically, for example, the aforementioned second 10kV power source). When the primary power source is insufficient to meet the power supply needs of the IT load 10, the mains power supply 6 supplies the remaining power to make up the shortfall. This renewable energy-based power supply method helps to save energy, reduce carbon emissions, and lower electricity costs.
[0031] Preferably, when the power generated by the renewable energy power generation system fluctuates, the energy storage battery 1 charges and discharges to compensate for the power difference between the power generated by the renewable energy power generation system and the required power, in other words, to smooth the output.
[0032] Preferably, for a system scheme in which there are multiple transformers 7, IGBT rectifiers 8, and UPS DC distribution cabinets 9, each IT load 10 is connected to the output terminals of two UPS DC distribution cabinets 9; each IT load 10 is powered by two UPS DC distribution cabinets 9; when one of the UPS DC distribution cabinets 9 that powers an IT load 10 stops, the other UPS DC distribution cabinet 9 powers the IT load 10.
[0033] In summary, the data center power supply system and method based on renewable energy generation of the present invention uses the renewable energy generation system and the mains power as backups for each other to ensure the reliability of the data center power supply. It also includes energy storage batteries and energy storage converters to increase the stability of the system power supply. When renewable energy generation fluctuates, the energy storage batteries can charge and discharge to compensate for the power difference between the power supply end and the load end. The energy storage batteries are located on the AC side of the power supply; compared to being located on the DC side, the proximity of the energy storage batteries to the renewable energy generation side allows for a faster response to the impact of power generation fluctuations caused by wind and solar resource fluctuations. The energy storage batteries can also be connected to the mains power supply for charging, further increasing the stability of the system power supply. This invention employs a typical "2+1" DR (Distributed Redundancy) system architecture on the power supply side. The transformer is simultaneously connected to both AC bus section I and AC bus section II. Compared to the existing "Panama Power System," this solution can use a general transformer (power transformer) instead of a phase-shifting transformer. Phase-shifting transformers, due to their fixed conduction angle, limit the number of loads a single transformer can connect. In contrast, the architecture using a general transformer combined with an IGBT rectifier has no limit on the number of loads, for example, under a 10kV bus capacity. Furthermore, this solution eliminates the need for switchgear and two-stage DC distribution cabinets, directly connecting the power transformer and the IGBT rectifier, thus reducing switching losses. Each IT load is preferably powered by two UPS units; when one UPS fails, the other UPS powers the load. This redundancy mode can achieve high load rates at a lower cost. In terms of system layout, the rectifier power supply section can be integrated. Taking a 2500kVA transformer-backed distribution system as an example, traditional equipment occupies approximately 300m². 2 By adopting IGBT rectifiers and integrating UPS DC distribution cabinets, the floor space can be reduced by 50%. The IGBT-based rectifier system outperforms the existing "Panama" power solution in terms of power-side harmonic rate and DC ripple performance using the "phase-shifting transformer + multi-pulse rectification". Under variable load operation conditions, the system efficiency of this solution can reach 98%. In the case of self-built renewable energy power plants for self-consumption, the cost of renewable energy can be as low as 0.1 yuan / kWh to 0.2 yuan / kWh, which is 88% lower than the commercial electricity price.
[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention; in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other; modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features, do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A data center power supply system based on renewable energy generation, characterized in that, It includes a renewable energy power generation system and an energy storage battery (1); the energy storage battery (1) is connected to an energy storage converter (2), and the energy storage converter (2) is connected to AC bus section I (3) and AC bus section II (4); the output end of the step-down station (5) of the renewable energy power generation system is connected to the input end of the energy storage converter (2) and AC bus section I (3); the output end of the mains power (6) is connected to the input end of the energy storage converter (2) and AC bus section II (4); It also includes one or more transformers (7); the high-voltage side of each transformer (7) is connected to AC bus section I (3) and AC bus section II (4); the low-voltage side of each transformer (7) is connected to the AC side of an IGBT rectifier (8), and the DC side of each IGBT rectifier (8) is connected to the input terminal of a UPS DC distribution cabinet (9). It also includes one or more IT loads (10); the output of the UPS DC distribution cabinet (9) is connected to the IT load (10).
2. The data center power supply system based on renewable energy generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple transformers (7), IGBT rectifiers (8), and UPS DC distribution cabinets (9). Each IT load (10) is connected to the output terminals of two UPS DC distribution cabinets (9).
3. The data center power supply system based on renewable energy generation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of transformers (7), IGBT rectifiers (8), UPS DC distribution cabinets (9), and IT loads (10) are the same; the output terminal of each UPS DC distribution cabinet (9) is connected to two IT loads (10).
4. The data center power supply system based on renewable energy generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Transformer (7) is a power transformer.
5. The data center power supply system based on renewable energy generation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The output of the step-down substation (5) of the renewable energy power generation system is the first 10kV power supply, and the output of the mains power (6) is the second 10kV power supply.
6. A data center power supply method based on renewable energy generation, characterized in that, It employs a data center power supply system based on renewable energy generation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which includes the following steps: The electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation system, the electricity generated by the energy storage battery (1) through the energy storage converter (2), and the electricity generated by the mains power (6) are all gathered at the bus and transmitted to the transformer (7); the voltage is adjusted by the transformer (7), and then the AC power is converted into DC power by the IGBT rectifier (8), and finally sent to the IT load (10) through the UPS DC distribution cabinet (9).
7. The data center power supply method based on renewable energy generation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation system and the electricity generated by the mains power (6) can be fed back through the energy storage converter (2) as a charging source for the energy storage battery (1).
8. The data center power supply method based on renewable energy generation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation system serves as the main power supply, while the electricity generated by the mains power (6) serves as the backup power supply. When the main power supply is insufficient to meet the power supply needs of the IT load (10), the mains power (6) supplies the power to make up the shortfall.
9. The data center power supply method based on renewable energy generation according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the power generated by the renewable energy power generation system fluctuates, the energy storage battery (1) charges and discharges to make up for the power difference between the power generated by the renewable energy power generation system and the required power.
10. A data center power supply method based on renewable energy generation, characterized in that, It employs a data center power supply system based on renewable energy generation as described in claim 2 or 3, which includes the following steps: The electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation system, the electricity generated by the energy storage battery (1) through the energy storage converter (2), and the electricity generated by the mains power (6) are all gathered at the bus and transmitted to the transformer (7); the voltage is adjusted by the transformer (7), and then the AC power is converted into DC power by the IGBT rectifier (8), and finally sent to the IT load (10) through the UPS DC distribution cabinet (9). Each IT load (10) is powered by two UPS DC distribution cabinets (9); when one of the UPS DC distribution cabinets (9) that powers an IT load (10) is shut down, the other UPS DC distribution cabinet (9) powers the IT load (10).