Application of low-temperature microbial agent in removing weeds, advancing sowing time of crops and promoting decomposition of straw returning to field

Abstract

The invention provides an application of a low-temperature microbial agent in removing weeds, advancing the seeding time of crops and promoting decomposition of returning straws, and belongs to the technical field of biological agriculture. After crops are harvested in autumn or before ploughing in spring, the low-temperature-resistant microbial agent is applied to a soil plough layer, a large amount of heat is released through the degradation effect of microorganisms, and the soil temperature is effectively increased. On one hand, after autumn crops are harvested, the ground temperature can be increased to promote weed germination, and weeds are frozen to death through severe cold in winter, so that the weeding purpose is achieved; on the other hand, the low-temperature microbial agent is applied in spring, the crop sowing time can be advanced, the growth period of crops can be prolonged, decomposition of returning straw is promoted, the soil fertility is improved, and the crop yield is increased. Therefore, the method provided by the invention is an effective technical means which is energy-saving, environment-friendly and high in operability in agricultural planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bio-agricultural technology, specifically relating to the application of a low-temperature microbial agent in removing weeds, advancing the sowing period of crops, and promoting the decomposition of straw returned to the field. Background Technology

[0002] In addition to crops, agricultural fields are also home to a wide variety of weeds. Weeds are extremely resilient and compete with crops for nutrients, thus affecting crop growth and yield. Generally, crops are less competitive than weeds; after absorbing large amounts of nutrients, weeds rapidly increase their growth, hindering crop growth and development and impacting yield. Furthermore, some weeds secrete toxins that can inhibit crop growth, and in some cases, even introduce pests and diseases.

[0003] Currently, various methods are used to remove weeds in fields, including manual removal, chemical reagents, and microbial agents. Manual removal is very time-consuming and labor-intensive, while chemical reagents are not environmentally friendly and can damage soil microorganisms. Microbial treatment is an environmentally friendly, resource-saving, and effective way to remove weeds. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an application of a low-temperature microbial agent in removing weeds, advancing the sowing period of crops, and promoting the decomposition of straw returned to the field. The low-temperature microbial agent removes weeds and advances the sowing period of crops by raising the soil temperature.

[0005] This invention provides an application of a low-temperature microbial agent in at least one of the following: weed removal, advancing the sowing period of crops, and promoting the decomposition of straw returned to the field; The low-temperature microorganisms include *Pseudomonas fructosporum* (… Pseudomonas fragilis strain KY283110, *Pseudomonas simianum* ( Pseudomonas simianus ) strain KY283111, Clostridium Vincentii ( Clostridium vincentii ) strain KY283112, Pseudomonas japonicus ( Pseudomonas jessenii strain KY283113 and Iodobacterium riverine Strain KY283114.

[0006] Preferably, the application of the low-temperature microbial agent in increasing the soil temperature of fields where weeds are removed.

[0007] Preferably, the application of the low-temperature microbial agent includes after the autumn harvest of crops and / or before spring plowing.

[0008] Preferably, the application is carried out after the autumn harvest of crops. When straw is returned to the field, the application rate of the low-temperature microbial agent is 0.9~1.1 kg / ton of crop straw. When applied before spring plowing, and when the field has straw returned to the field or organic fertilizer has been applied, the application rate of the low-temperature microbial agent is 0.9~1.1 kg / mu of field. The viable bacterial concentration of the low-temperature microbial agent is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / ml.

[0009] Preferably, the application method of the low-temperature microbial agent includes preparing it into a working solution and applying it to crop straw or fields by spraying; When the low-temperature microbial agent is sprayed on crop straw after the autumn harvest, it is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:(250~300) to prepare the first working solution. When sprayed on the field before spring plowing, the low-temperature microbial agent is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:(800~1000) to prepare a second working solution.

[0010] Preferably, the weeds include grassy weeds and / or broadleaf weeds.

[0011] Preferably, the application of the low-temperature microbial agent in combination with chemical herbicides in weed removal.

[0012] Preferably, the chemical herbicide includes nicosulfuron and / or nicosulfuron.

[0013] Preferably, the application rate of the chemical herbicide is 200-300 mL / mu.

[0014] Preferably, the application rate of the chemical herbicide is 250 mL / mu.

[0015] This invention provides an application of a low-temperature microbial agent in at least one of the following: weed control, advancing crop sowing time, and promoting the decomposition of straw returned to the field. This invention involves spraying the low-temperature microbial agent onto the surface straw after autumn crop harvesting or before spring plowing and then turning it into the topsoil. Through microbial degradation, a large amount of heat is released, effectively raising the soil temperature. On the one hand, after autumn crop harvest, the increased soil temperature promotes weed germination, which is then killed by the winter cold, achieving the purpose of weed control. On the other hand, in spring, due to the increased soil temperature caused by low-temperature microbial fermentation, the sowing time of crops can be significantly advanced, thereby extending the crop's growth period and increasing crop yield. Furthermore, raising the soil temperature through the low-temperature microbial agent greatly enhances the activity of soil microorganisms in decomposing and maturing straw returned to the field. Experiments show that, compared with the blank control group, the application of the low-temperature microbial agent to the field can greatly improve the weed control effect and has a significant weed control advantage compared with chemical herbicides. Therefore, the method of using low-temperature microbial agents to raise soil temperature through fermentation to remove weeds and advance the sowing time of crops is an effective, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and highly operable technology in agricultural planting.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention combines low-temperature microbial agents with chemical herbicides in weed control, which can significantly improve weed control efficiency at different growth stages compared to using chemical herbicides or low-temperature microbial agents alone for field weed control. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The image shows the soil warming and snow melting caused by spraying low-temperature microbial agents and returning straw to the field. Figure 2 This is a map showing the snow accumulation in the soil where straw was returned to the field without the application of low-temperature microbial agents. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This invention provides an application of a low-temperature microbial agent in at least one of the following: weed removal, advancing the sowing period of crops, and promoting the decomposition of straw returned to the field.

[0019] In this invention, the low-temperature microorganism is a known mixed microbial strain reported in the prior art, consisting of *Pseudomonas berrieseri* (…). Pseudomonas fragilis strain KY283110, *Pseudomonas simianum* ( Pseudomonas simianus ) strain KY283111, Clostridium Vincentii ( Clostridium vincentii ) strain KY283112, Pseudomonas japonicus ( Pseudomonas jessenii strain KY283113 and Iodobacter fluviatilisThe microorganism is composed of five strains of strain KY283114. The preferred method for preparing this low-temperature microorganism involves culturing each of the five activated strains separately on LB medium, and then mixing the resulting bacterial solutions in a volume ratio of 1:1:1:1:1 to form a mixed bacterial solution. The effective viable count of the mixed bacterial solution is preferably ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / ml, more preferably (5~100)×10 9 CFU / ml. The low-temperature microorganisms were isolated from soil, and their laccase, CMCase, and filter paper enzyme activities were measured to screen for microbial consortium strains with straw and cellulose degradation capabilities. The above five strains are described in existing technology (Xie Xinyu, Zhao Yue, Sun Qinghong, et al. Anovel method for contributing to composting start-up at low temperature by inoculating cold-adapted microbial consortium [J]. Bioresource Technology 2017, 238: 39-47.).

[0020] In this invention, the mechanism of low-temperature microbial inoculants in weed control is as follows: In autumn, weeds in the field are in their seedling stage, with small plants and few roots. Furthermore, the amount of cover left by the autumn harvest is minimal, making it the most favorable time for weed control. Applying low-temperature microbial inoculants after the autumn harvest raises the soil temperature, promoting weed growth and causing the young weeds to freeze and die in the cold winter, thus achieving weed control, reducing the impact on subsequent crops, and achieving harmless weed removal. This significantly reduces the use of chemical pesticides, improves crop quality, and lowers agricultural planting costs.

[0021] In this invention, the mechanism of applying low-temperature microbial agents to advance the sowing period of crops is as follows: applying low-temperature microbial agents in spring can increase the soil temperature by 5-7°C, advance the spring plowing time of crops by 5-7 days, extend the crop growth period, and thus increase crop yield.

[0022] In this invention, the mechanism by which applying low-temperature microbial agents promotes the decomposition of straw returned to the field is as follows: applying low-temperature microbial agents can increase the soil temperature by 5-7°C, promote the proliferation and activity of soil microorganisms, thereby greatly increasing the degradation rate of straw returned to the field, promoting the conversion of straw into organic fertilizer, improving soil fertility and organic matter content, meeting the nutritional needs of crop growth, and thus increasing crop yield.

[0023] In this invention, the field for weed removal is preferably a field planted with at least one of the following crops: wheat, corn, rice, and soybean. The application of the low-temperature microbial agent is preferably performed after the autumn harvest and / or before spring planting. When applying the low-temperature microbial agent after the autumn harvest, it is preferable to shred the crop straw into sections and spread them evenly on the field. The application rate of the low-temperature microbial agent is preferably 0.9-1.1 kg / ton of crop straw, more preferably 1.0 kg / ton of crop straw. The low-temperature microbial agent uses the returned crop straw as a raw material for biodegradation, releasing a large amount of heat, thereby effectively increasing the soil temperature. When there is no straw returned to the field, the application rate of the low-temperature microbial agent is preferably 8-12 kg / acre, more preferably 10 kg / acre. When there is no straw to be returned to the field, the soil is plowed together with the crop residue after the application of a low-temperature microbial agent. The low-temperature microbial agent uses the crop residue as a raw material for biodegradation, releasing heat. However, due to the relatively small amount of raw material, the effect of raising soil temperature is not as good as the effect of applying a low-temperature microbial agent under the condition of returning crop straw to the field. The preferred method of applying the low-temperature microbial agent includes preparing a working solution and spraying it onto the crop straw. When spraying it onto the crop straw after the autumn harvest, it is preferred that the low-temperature microbial agent be mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:250~300 to prepare a first working solution, more preferably 1:280.

[0024] In this invention, before spring plowing, a small number of biennial, annual, and perennial weeds may still emerge, or incomplete weeding before the new year may have failed to completely control them, resulting in a small peak in weed emergence in spring. Therefore, before spring plowing, it is preferable to use the aforementioned low-temperature microbial agent in combination with chemical herbicides to achieve the purpose of weed control. When applying before spring plowing, it is preferable to apply the low-temperature microbial agent to fields covered with organic fertilizer or straw. When there is no straw returned to the field or no organic fertilizer applied, the application rate of the low-temperature microbial agent is preferably 8-12 kg / mu, more preferably 10 kg / mu. When there is straw returned to the field or organic fertilizer applied, the application rate of the low-temperature microbial agent is preferably 0.9-1.1 kg / mu, more preferably 1 kg / mu. The preferred method of applying the microbial agent includes preparing it into a working solution and spraying it onto the field. When sprayed on the field, the low-temperature microbial agent is preferably mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:800 to 1000 to prepare a second working solution, more preferably 1:900.

[0025] In this invention, the weeds preferably include grassy weeds and / or broadleaf weeds. The grassy weeds are preferably foxtail grass, barnyard grass, millet, and Kentucky bluegrass. The broadleaf weeds preferably include pondweed, arrowhead, water plantain, water hyacinth, and wolfberry.

[0026] In this invention, the microorganisms in the low-temperature microbial agent degrade crop straw, releasing organic matter and nutrients, thereby altering the soil environment and inhibiting weed growth. During this degradation process, the nutrients and growth environment required for weed growth are affected by the microbial agent; for example, the decomposition of straw leads to a slightly alkaline pH and the production of high concentrations of humus. Furthermore, the low-temperature microbial agent utilizes nutrients in the field soil to produce secondary metabolites, which have a certain inhibitory effect on weed growth, thus reducing weed growth. The low-temperature microbial agent has good biosafety, is environmentally friendly, easy to apply, and has a significant weeding effect, making it an excellent biological herbicide.

[0027] In this invention, the low-temperature microbial agent is preferably used in conjunction with a chemical herbicide for weed control. The chemical herbicide preferably includes nicosulfuron and / or nicosulfuron. Nicosulfuron is the most preferred chemical herbicide. Mesulfuron suspension concentrate, more preferably nicosulfuron Methionyl chloride suspension concentrate. The application rate of the chemical herbicide is 200-300 mL / mu, more preferably 250 mL / mu.

[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, by combining the low-temperature microbial agent with different amounts of chemical herbicides, the weed control efficacy is significantly improved for rice fields at different developmental stages compared with the use of chemical herbicides and microbial agents alone, reaching 96.5%.

[0029] The following detailed description, in conjunction with embodiments, illustrates the application of a low-temperature microbial agent provided by the present invention in weed removal, advancing crop sowing time, and promoting the decomposition of straw returned to the field. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1 Preparation method of low-temperature microbial inoculants Pseudomonas berries ( Pseudomonas fragilis strain KY283110, *Pseudomonas simianum* ( Pseudomonas monkeys ) strain KY283111, Clostridium Vincentii ( Clostridium vincentii ) strain KY283112, Pseudomonas japonicus ( Pseudomonas jessenii strain KY283113 and Iodobacter fluviatilis Five strains of bacterial strain KY283114 were activated and inoculated separately on LB medium. The resulting bacterial solutions were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1:1:1 to form a mixed bacterial solution (effective viable count ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶). 9 (CFU / ml).

[0031] Example 2 Experimental field location: Northeast Agricultural University Experimental Base, Harbin City; The area of ​​the experimental field: 0.7 × 10 -2 ha; Experiment year: 2021; Experimental methods: After the autumn harvest, rice straw can be directly used to cover the field without bundling. Apply 1 kg of low-temperature microbial inoculant per ton of straw. The specific application method involves preparing a working solution of the low-temperature microbial inoculant, diluted 300 times, and spraying it onto the rice straw. The working solution is then evenly sprayed onto the straw. No turning or piling is required during winter; the straw will decompose over the winter and can be directly returned to the field during spring planting. Fields treated with the low-temperature microbial inoculant are prepared and leveled, and rice is planted using conventional methods. An experimental group combining the low-temperature microbial inoculant with a chemical herbicide was also established. Specifically, in addition to applying the low-temperature microbial inoculant at the above dosage before spring planting, a chemical herbicide (40%–60% nicosulfuron) was sprayed during the rice planting season. Metsulfuron-methyl (1:5) suspension concentrate was applied as a chemical herbicide at 40%, 50%, and 60% of the total application rate (500 mL / mu). A control group (without microbial inoculants or chemical herbicides) and a chemical herbicide-only group (40% of the total application rate) were also established. Weed counts were performed at the seedling, booting, and grain-filling stages, and weed control efficacy was calculated using Formula I.

[0032] Weed control efficacy (%) = (Number of weeds in untreated areas - Number of weeds in treated areas) / Number of weeds in untreated areas × 100% Formula I The results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the control efficacy of microbial inoculants alone was significantly higher than that of the control group and the group treated with chemical herbicides alone during the seedling, booting, and grain-filling stages. This indicates that microbial inoculants alone can effectively remove weeds. Furthermore, the combination of microbial inoculants and chemical herbicides greatly enhances weed control efficacy throughout the growing season, reaching up to 95.5% or more.

[0033] Table 1. Control efficacy results (number of weed seedlings) under different control periods and models in rice fields.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, at the same time point, the snow melted significantly faster in the fields treated with microbial inoculants than in the control group. This indicates that microbial inoculants help increase soil temperature, thus accelerating the melting of snow covering the fields.

[0035] Example 3 Experimental field location: Northeast Agricultural University Experimental Base, Harbin City; The area of ​​the experimental field: 0.7 × 10 -2 ha; Experiment year: 2022; Experimental methods: During spring plowing, for fields without organic fertilizer or straw return, spray 10 kg of low-temperature microbial inoculant per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The specific application method involves preparing a working solution of the low-temperature microbial inoculant, diluted 900 times, and spraying it evenly onto the soil. After spraying the working solution onto the soil, till and level the land, and then plant rice using conventional methods. An experimental group was also established combining the low-temperature microbial inoculant with a chemical herbicide. Specifically, in addition to applying the low-temperature microbial inoculant at the above dosage before spring plowing, a chemical herbicide was sprayed during the rice planting period. The chemical herbicide was nicosulfuron. Methionyl chloride (1:5) suspension concentrate. Chemical herbicides were applied at 40%, 50%, and 60% of the total application rate (500 mL / mu). A control group (no microbial inoculant or chemical herbicide applied) and a chemical herbicide-only group (40% of the total application rate) were also established. Weed counts were performed at the seedling, booting, and grain-filling stages, and weed control efficacy was calculated using Formula I.

[0036] The results are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 2. Control efficacy results (number of weed seedlings) under different control periods and models in rice fields.

[0038] As shown in Table 2, compared with the control group, the fields treated with microbial inoculants alone showed significant advantages in weed control during the seedling, booting, and grain-filling stages. Furthermore, compared with fields treated with only 40% chemical herbicides, the microbial inoculants showed a significant advantage in weed control. In addition, the combination of microbial inoculants and chemical herbicides showed a highly significant advantage in weed control compared with either microbial inoculants or chemical herbicides alone. Therefore, this invention provides an ideal biological weeding method that greatly improves weed removal efficiency and is environmentally friendly.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of a low-temperature microbial agent in at least one of the following: weed removal, advancing the sowing period of crops, and promoting the decomposition of straw returned to the field; The low-temperature microorganisms include *Pseudomonas fructosporum* (… Pseudomonas fragi strain KY283110, *Pseudomonas simianum* ( Pseudomonas simiae ) strain KY283111, Clostridium Vincentii ( Clostridium vincentii ) strain KY283112, Pseudomonas japonicus ( Pseudomonas jessenii strain KY283113 and Iodobacter fluviatilis Strain KY283114.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, Application of the low-temperature microbial inoculant in increasing soil temperature in fields where weeds are removed.

3. The application according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The application of the low-temperature microbial inoculant includes after the autumn harvest of crops and / or before spring plowing.

4. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that, When applied after the autumn harvest of crops, and when straw is returned to the field, the application rate of the low-temperature microbial agent is 0.9~1.1 kg / ton of crop straw. When applied before spring plowing, and when the field has straw returned to the field or organic fertilizer has been applied, the application rate of the low-temperature microbial agent is 0.9~1.1 kg / mu of field. The viable bacterial concentration of the low-temperature microbial agent is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / ml.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The application method of the low-temperature microbial agent includes preparing it into a working solution and applying it to crop straw or fields by spraying. When the low-temperature microbial agent is sprayed on crop straw after the autumn harvest, it is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:(250~300) to prepare the first working solution. When sprayed on the field before spring plowing, the low-temperature microbial agent is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1: (800~1000) to prepare a second working solution.

6. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weeds include grassy weeds and / or broadleaf weeds.

7. The application according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The application of the low-temperature microbial inoculant combined with chemical herbicides in weed removal.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The chemical herbicides include nicosulfuron and / or nicosulfuron.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The application rate of the chemical herbicide is 200-300 mL / mu.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The application rate of the chemical herbicide is 250 mL / mu.

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