Nutrient soil for potting peanuts and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation nutrient soil. The invention provides nutrient soil for potting peanuts. The nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-45% of an organic matrix, 20-40% of porous mineral particles, 10-15% of a structural framework material, 8-12% of a porous regulation and control material and 5-10% of a nutrient slow-release material, the porous mineral particles comprise coarse porous mineral particles and fine porous mineral particles, the particle size of the coarse porous mineral particles is 5-10 mm, the particle size of the fine porous mineral particles is 1-3 mm, and the mass ratio of the coarse porous mineral particles to the fine porous mineral particles is 1: (2-4). The nutrient soil for peanut potting can keep good physical structure stability and a reasonable pore structure under the potting condition, provides a suitable growth space for peanut root growth and underground pod bearing processes, and realizes continuous and coordinated supply of nutrients, so that the application requirements of the whole peanut potting growth process are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural cultivation nutrient soil technology, and in particular to a nutrient soil for peanut potted plants and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the gradual development of home gardening, balcony planting, and small-scale facility cultivation, potted cultivation has gradually become an important form of agricultural production and horticultural application due to its high space utilization, flexible management, and wide applicability. Peanuts, as a legume crop with high economic and nutritional value, have certain application needs in potted cultivation for science education, family experiential planting, and functional cultivation. However, due to the biological characteristic of peanuts to form pods underground, they place high demands on the physical structure, aeration conditions, and nutrient supply methods of the cultivation substrate. Existing potting soil still has many shortcomings in practical applications.

[0003] Currently, most common potted plant cultivation substrates are primarily composed of various organic-derived substrate materials, supplemented with a certain proportion of lightweight inorganic porous materials to improve the substrate's aeration and water retention. These substrates are widely used in potted cultivation of ornamental plants and leafy vegetables; however, their overall structure is often a simple mixture, lacking a rationally designed internal particle distribution. Under conditions of long-term watering and repeated wet-drying changes, the substrate is prone to compaction, collapse, or structural instability, making it difficult to maintain a stable porous system, thus adversely affecting crop root growth and underground organ development.

[0004] From the perspective of substrate structure, existing potting soils are generally prepared using a single particle size or random mixing method, resulting in a relatively simple internal pore structure. Fine particles easily migrate and fill existing pores during use, gradually reducing aeration channels and restricting air exchange. For crops with underground fruiting or enlargement growth characteristics, these structural problems are particularly prominent, easily leading to insufficient underground growth space and hindering the smooth progress of the fruiting process.

[0005] In terms of nutrient supply, existing potting soils typically meet crop growth needs by directly incorporating fast-acting or slow-release nutrient materials. However, because the distribution of nutrient materials in the substrate is relatively random, and their release behavior lacks synergistic design with the substrate's physical structure, the nutrient supply process often fails to align with the crop's growth rhythm. In practical use, early nutrient release is prone to occur. Problems such as excessively rapid growth, insufficient nutrient supply in the later stages, or localized salt accumulation can negatively impact crop root growth and... It has an adverse effect on the overall reproductive process.

[0006] Furthermore, for crops like peanuts that have underground pods, potted cultivation substrates require higher structural stability and space retention capabilities during the pod-setting stage. However, in existing technologies, most potting soils struggle to maintain their initial loose state over long periods. With increased watering frequency and the substrate's own weight, significant compaction easily occurs, restricting underground pod-setting space and consequently affecting pod quantity and quality. While some technical solutions attempt to address these issues by adding functional inorganic materials or adjusting the substrate formula, the overall results remain unstable and fail to meet the needs of peanut potted growth throughout its entire lifecycle.

[0007] From a manufacturing process perspective, most existing potting soils are prepared using simple mixing methods. The mixing process lacks a clear sequence and structural logic, resulting in products that are often loose and have limited compressive strength and structural retention. While some existing technologies have introduced molding or granulation methods, these are mostly focused on fertilizers or single-function materials and fail to be effectively integrated with the structural design of the cultivation substrate. This makes it difficult to simultaneously address the substrate's aeration, water retention, and mechanical stability, and it is also unsuitable for potted crops that require a high-quality underground growing environment.

[0008] In summary, existing potting soils for peanut cultivation still have significant shortcomings in terms of structural stability, rational pore structure, continuous nutrient supply, and adaptability to the underground pod-setting characteristics of peanuts. They are still insufficient to meet the comprehensive requirements of long-term stability of the cultivation substrate, good spatial support, and coordinated nutrient supply in peanut pot cultivation.

[0009] Therefore, researching and developing a nutrient soil with stable structure, reasonable pore structure, controllable nutrient release, and the ability to meet the needs of peanut potted growth and underground pod formation, as well as its preparation method, has good application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a nutrient soil for peanut potted plants and its preparation method, addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies. This nutrient soil can maintain good physical structural stability and underground growth space under potted conditions, which is conducive to the smooth growth of peanut roots and the underground pod formation process. At the same time, it can achieve a continuous and coordinated supply of nutrients, thereby meeting the practical application needs of peanut potted plant growth throughout the entire process.

[0011] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a nutrient soil for peanut potted plants, comprising the following components by mass percentage: Organic matrix 30-45%, porous mineral particles 20-40%, structural framework material 10-15%, and more Pore-regulating materials 8-12%, nutrient slow-release materials 5-10%; The porous mineral particles include coarse porous mineral particles and fine porous mineral particles. The coarse porous mineral particles have a particle size of 5-10 mm, and the fine porous mineral particles have a particle size of 1-3 mm. The mass ratio of coarse porous mineral particles to fine porous mineral particles is 1:2-4.

[0012] Preferably, the organic matrix is ​​one or more of peat, coconut coir, and humus; The porous mineral particles are one or more of perlite, vermiculite, diatomite, pumice, and bentonite.

[0013] Preferably, the structural skeleton material is one or more of bark, straw, and wood chips; The porous control material is one or more of activated alumina, hydrotalcite, dicalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite.

[0014] Preferably, the nutrient slow-release material is a coated slow-release fertilizer; The coated slow-release fertilizer consists of inorganic nutrient particles and a polymer coating layer covering the outside of the inorganic nutrient particles.

[0015] Preferably, the inorganic nutrient particles are one or more of urea particles, ammonium sulfate particles, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate particles, potassium dihydrogen phosphate particles, and potassium sulfate particles. The polymer coating layer is one or more of starch, chitosan, and polyurethane.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the nutrient soil for peanut potted plants, comprising the following steps: 1) Premix coarse and fine porous mineral particles to construct a graded porous mineral particle system; 2) Add the porous control material to the graded porous mineral particle system constructed in step 1) and mix it so that the porous control material is distributed in the graded porous mineral particle system to obtain a mineral control framework system; 3) The organic matrix and structural framework material are added to the mineral-controlled framework system obtained in step 2) and mixed to form a basic matrix with a supporting structure; 4) Add the nutrient slow-release material to the base matrix obtained in step 3) and mix to obtain a mixture; 5) Granulate the mixture obtained in step 4) to obtain nutrient soil for peanut potted plants.

[0017] Preferably, the premixing speed in step 1) is 100~200 r / min, and the premixing time is 2~5 min; Step 2) The mixing speed is 300~500 r / min, and the mixing time is 8~10 min.

[0018] Preferably, the mixing speed in step 3) is 400~600 r / min, and the mixing time is 12~15 min; Step 4) The mixing speed is 60~80 r / min, and the mixing time is 4~6 min.

[0019] Preferably, the granulation in step 5) is carried out at a rotation speed of 40~60 r / min, the granulation time is 20~30 min, and the particle size of the resulting granular nutrient soil is 10~15 mm.

[0020] Preferably, after the granulation in step 5) is completed, the resulting granular nutrient soil is dried. The drying process is carried out at a temperature of 60-80℃ for 3-5 hours.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention include the following: 1) The nutrient soil described in this invention, through the reasonable combination of porous mineral particles and structural skeleton materials, combined with granulation treatment, can maintain the stability of particle structure and overall shape for a long time under potted conditions, reducing the occurrence of compaction, collapse and stratification during repeated watering and natural settling, and is suitable for long-term use under potted conditions.

[0022] 2) The nutrient soil of the present invention uses porous mineral particles of different particle sizes to construct a graded structure, so that the pores inside the nutrient soil are evenly distributed, taking into account both aeration and water retention, and can provide a stable and loose underground growth space for peanut root expansion and peg insertion in potted environment.

[0023] 3) The nutrient soil described in this invention can effectively alleviate the problems of restricted root growth and insufficient underground space during pot cultivation, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of peanut roots and smooth entry of pegs into the soil, thereby improving the stability and consistency of peanut pod formation under pot conditions.

[0024] 4) This invention introduces coated slow-release fertilizer into the nutrient soil as a nutrient slow-release material, so that nutrients are gradually released during the potted plant's growth cycle, avoiding the problem of concentrated nutrient release in the early stage and insufficient nutrient in the later stage, which is conducive to maintaining a relatively stable nutrient supply state throughout the peanut's entire growth cycle.

[0025] 5) The preparation method described in this invention constructs a mineral regulation framework system in steps and combines it with granulation treatment. The parameters of each step are clear, the operating conditions are mild, and the process is easy to control, making it suitable for promotion and application in actual production. Detailed Implementation

[0026] This invention provides a nutrient soil for peanut potted plants, comprising the following components by mass percentage: Organic matrix 30-45%, porous mineral particles 20-40%, structural framework material 10-15%, porous control material 8-12%, nutrient slow-release material 5-10%; The porous mineral particles include coarse porous mineral particles and fine porous mineral particles. The coarse porous mineral particles have a particle size of 5-10 mm, and the fine porous mineral particles have a particle size of 1-3 mm. The mass ratio of coarse porous mineral particles to fine porous mineral particles is 1:2-4.

[0027] The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this invention contains 30-45% organic substrate by mass, preferably 32-42%, more preferably 35-40%, and even more preferably 38%.

[0028] In this invention, the organic substrate is preferably one or more of peat, coconut coir, and humus.

[0029] In this invention, the organic substrate serves as the main component of the nutrient soil, providing a basic growth environment for peanut roots and helping to improve the water retention performance of the substrate and the rhizosphere environment.

[0030] The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this invention contains 20-40% porous mineral by mass. The particle size is preferably 25-35%, more preferably 28-32%, and even more preferably 30%.

[0031] In this invention, the porous mineral particles are preferably perlite, vermiculite, diatomite, pumice, and expanded silica. One or more types of moistening soil.

[0032] In this invention, the porous mineral particles can form a multi-level pore structure in the nutrient soil, which is beneficial for air exchange and moisture regulation within the matrix, while providing relatively loose spatial conditions for the underground pod formation process. By setting porous mineral particles of different sizes, it helps to form a more reasonable pore distribution within the matrix, thereby maintaining the stability of the matrix structure.

[0033] The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants of the present invention contains 10-15% by mass of structural skeleton material, preferably 11-14%, more preferably 12-13%, and more preferably 12.5%.

[0034] In this invention, the structural skeleton material is preferably one or more of bark, straw, and wood chips.

[0035] In this invention, the structural skeleton material plays a supporting and reinforcing role in the nutrient soil, which helps to reduce the compaction tendency of the substrate caused by gravity and repeated watering during use, thereby maintaining the overall structural shape of the substrate to a certain extent.

[0036] The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this invention contains 8-12% by mass of porous control material, preferably 9-11%, more preferably 9.5-10.5%, and even more preferably 10%.

[0037] In this invention, the porous control material is preferably one or more of activated alumina, hydrotalcite, dicalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite.

[0038] In this invention, the porous control material, due to its porous or layered structure, helps to regulate the internal physical environment of the matrix in the nutrient soil system and works together with other components to promote the long-term stability of the matrix structure.

[0039] The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this invention contains 5-10% by mass of nutrient slow-release material, preferably 6-9%, more preferably 7-8%, and even more preferably 7.5%.

[0040] In this invention, the nutrient slow-release material is preferably a coated slow-release fertilizer; The coated slow-release fertilizer is preferably composed of inorganic nutrient particles and a polymer coating layer covering the outside of the inorganic nutrient particles.

[0041] In this invention, the inorganic nutrient granules are preferably one or more of urea granules, ammonium sulfate granules, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate granules, potassium dihydrogen phosphate granules, and potassium sulfate granules. The polymer coating layer is preferably one or more of starch, chitosan, and polyurethane.

[0042] In this invention, the preparation method of the coated slow-release fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) The inorganic nutrient particles are sieved to remove excessively fine powder and obviously broken particles, so that the resulting inorganic nutrient particles have a relatively uniform particle shape. (2) Add the polymer coating material to the solvent and disperse or dissolve it under stirring conditions to obtain a uniform polymer coating material dispersion system or solution; (3) Add the inorganic nutrient particles obtained in step (1) to the dispersion system or solution of the polymer coating material obtained in step (2) and perform coating treatment under continuous stirring to make the polymer coating material uniformly adhere to the surface of the inorganic nutrient particles to form a coating layer. (4) The inorganic nutrient particles after coating are solidified to form a continuous and stable coating structure on the surface of the inorganic nutrient particles by polymer coating layer. Then the solidified particles are dried to remove the free solvent on the surface and obtain the coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0043] In this invention, the particle size of the inorganic nutrient particles in step (1) is preferably 2-4 mm, further... The preferred thickness is 2.5~3.5mm, and more preferably 3mm.

[0044] In this invention, the solvent in step (2) is preferably water or anhydrous ethanol, and the mass ratio of the polymer coating material to the solvent is preferably 1:10~20, more preferably 1:14~16, and even more preferably 1:15.

[0045] In this invention, the stirring speed in step (2) is preferably 400~600 r / min, more preferably 450~550 r / min, and even more preferably 500 r / min; the stirring time is preferably 30~50 min, more preferably 35~45 min, and even more preferably 40 min; the stirring temperature is preferably 20~30℃, more preferably 24~26℃, and even more preferably 25℃.

[0046] In this invention, the solid-liquid ratio of the dispersion system or solution of inorganic nutrient particles and polymer coating material in step (3) is preferably 2~3g:8~10mL, more preferably 2.2~2.6g:8.5~9.5mL, and even more preferably 2.5g:9mL.

[0047] In this invention, the stirring speed in step (3) is preferably 200~400 r / min, more preferably 250~350 r / min, and even more preferably 300 r / min; the stirring time is preferably 20~40 min, more preferably 25~35 min, and even more preferably 30 min; the stirring temperature is preferably 30~50℃, more preferably 35~45℃, and even more preferably 40℃.

[0048] In this invention, the curing temperature in step (4) is preferably 60~80℃, and further preferably... The temperature is selected as 65~75℃, more preferably 70℃; the curing time is preferably 40~60min, further preferably 45~55min, and more preferably 50min.

[0049] In this invention, the drying temperature in step (4) is preferably 70~90℃, more preferably 75~85℃, and even more preferably 80℃, and the drying time is preferably 4~6h, more preferably 4.5~5.5h, and even more preferably 5h.

[0050] In this invention, the nutrient slow-release material is dispersed in the nutrient soil, which helps to make the nutrient release process more gradual, thereby avoiding concentrated release or local accumulation of nutrients to a certain extent, which is conducive to the coordination and matching between nutrient supply and peanut growth needs.

[0051] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the nutrient soil for peanut potted plants, preferably comprising the following steps: 1) Premix coarse and fine porous mineral particles to construct a graded porous mineral particle system; 2) Add the porous control material to the graded porous mineral particle system constructed in step 1) and mix it so that the porous control material is distributed in the graded porous mineral particle system to obtain a mineral control framework system; 3) The organic matrix and structural framework material are added to the mineral-controlled framework system obtained in step 2) and mixed to form a basic matrix with a supporting structure; 4) Add the nutrient slow-release material to the base matrix obtained in step 3) and mix to obtain a mixture; 5) Granulate the mixture obtained in step 4) to obtain nutrient soil for peanut potted plants.

[0052] In this invention, the premixing speed in step 1) is preferably 100~200 r / min, more preferably 140~160 r / min, and even more preferably 150 r / min; the premixing time is preferably 2~5 min, more preferably 3~4 min, and even more preferably 3.5 min. The mixing speed in step 2) is preferably 300~500 r / min, more preferably 350~450 r / min, and even more preferably 400 r / min; the mixing time is preferably 8~10 min, more preferably 8.5~9.5 min, and even more preferably 9 min.

[0053] In this invention, the mixing speed in step 3) is preferably 400-600 r / min, more preferably 450-550 r / min, and even more preferably 500 r / min; the mixing time is preferably 12-15 min, more preferably 13-14 min, and even more preferably 13.5 min. Step 4) The mixing speed is preferably 60-80 r / min, more preferably 65-75 r / min, and even more preferably 70 r / min; the mixing time is preferably 4-6 min, more preferably 4.5-5.5 min. A more preferred time is 5 minutes.

[0054] In this invention, the granulation in step 5) is preferably carried out at a rotation speed of 40-60 r / min, more preferably 45-55 r / min, and even more preferably 50 r / min; the granulation time is preferably 20-30 min, more preferably 24-26 min, and even more preferably 25 min; the particle size of the resulting granular nutrient soil is preferably 10-15 mm, more preferably 12-14 mm, and even more preferably 13 mm.

[0055] In this invention, after the granulation in step 5) is completed, it is preferable to further perform a drying process on the resulting granular nutrient soil. The drying temperature is preferably 60~80℃, more preferably 65~75℃, and even more preferably 70℃; the drying time is preferably 3~5h, more preferably 3.5~4.5h, and even more preferably 4h.

[0056] This invention first constructs a graded porous mineral particle system, then gradually introduces porous control materials, organic matrix, structural framework materials, and nutrient slow-release materials, which helps the components form a relatively stable spatial distribution during the mixing process. Subsequently, through granulation, the nutrient soil is transformed from a loose state into a relatively stable granular form, which is beneficial to improving the structural stability of the product during transportation, storage, and use, and maintaining a good physical form under potted conditions.

[0057] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1 The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this embodiment contains the following components by mass percentage: 38% peat, 30% porous mineral particles, 12.5% ​​pine bark, 10% activated alumina, and 9.5% coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0059] The porous mineral particles are composed of perlite with a particle size of 8 mm and vermiculite with a particle size of 2 mm in a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0060] The coated slow-release fertilizer is prepared according to the following steps: First, the urea granules are sieved to remove excessively fine powder and obviously broken particles, so that the resulting urea granules have a relatively uniform particle shape. The particle size of the urea granules after sieving is 3mm.

[0061] Subsequently, chitosan was added to deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:15 and dispersed under stirring conditions. The stirring speed was 500 r / min, the stirring time was 40 min, and the stirring temperature was 25℃, resulting in a uniform dispersion system of polymer coating material.

[0062] Next, urea granules were added to the polymer coating material dispersion system at a solid-liquid ratio of 2.5g:9mL. The coating process was carried out under continuous stirring conditions. The stirring speed was 300r / min, the stirring time was 30min, and the stirring temperature was 40℃, so that chitosan was uniformly attached to the surface of the urea granules to form a coating layer.

[0063] Finally, the coated urea granules were cured at a temperature of 70°C for 50 minutes to form a continuous and stable coating structure on the surface of the inorganic nutrient granules. The cured granules were then dried at a temperature of 80°C for 5 hours to remove the free solvent on the surface, resulting in a coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0064] The preparation method of nutrient soil is as follows: First, perlite and vermiculite were premixed at a speed of 150 r / min for 3.5 min to construct a graded porous mineral particle system. Then, activated alumina was added to the graded porous mineral particle system and mixed at a speed of 400 r / min for 9 min to distribute the porous control material throughout the system, thus obtaining a mineral control framework system.

[0065] Next, peat and pine bark were added to the mineral regulation framework system and mixed at a speed of 500 rpm for 13 minutes to form a basic matrix with a supporting structure. Then, coated slow-release fertilizer was added to the basic matrix and mixed at a speed of 70 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture.

[0066] Finally, the mixture was granulated at a speed of 50 r / min for 25 min to obtain granular nutrient soil with a particle size of 13 mm. The granular nutrient soil was then dried at 70℃ for 4 h to obtain nutrient soil for peanut potted plants.

[0067] Example 2 The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this embodiment contains the following components by weight percentage: 30% coconut coir, 40% porous mineral particles, 10% poplar bark, 10% hydrotalcite, and 10% coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0068] The porous mineral particles are composed of diatomaceous earth with a particle size of 10 mm and pumice with a particle size of 3 mm in a mass ratio of 1:3.

[0069] The coated slow-release fertilizer is prepared according to the following steps: First, the ammonium sulfate particles are sieved to remove excessively fine powder and obviously broken particles, so that the resulting ammonium sulfate particles have a relatively uniform particle shape. The particle size of the ammonium sulfate particles after sieving is 2 mm.

[0070] Subsequently, corn starch was added to deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:10 and dispersed under stirring conditions. The stirring speed was 400 r / min, the stirring time was 50 min, and the stirring temperature was 20℃, resulting in a uniform dispersion system of polymer coating material.

[0071] Next, ammonium sulfate granules were added to the polymer coating material dispersion system at a solid-liquid ratio of 2g:8mL. The coating process was carried out under continuous stirring conditions. The stirring speed was 200r / min, the stirring time was 40min, and the stirring temperature was 50℃, so that corn starch was evenly attached to the surface of ammonium sulfate granules to form a coating layer.

[0072] Finally, the coated ammonium sulfate particles were solidified at a temperature of 60°C for 60 minutes to form a continuous and stable coating structure on the surface of the inorganic nutrient particles. The solidified particles were then dried at a temperature of 70°C for 6 hours to remove free solvent from the surface, resulting in a coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0073] The preparation method of nutrient soil is as follows: First, diatomaceous earth and pumice were premixed at a speed of 100 r / min for 5 min to construct a graded porous mineral particle system. Then, hydrotalcite was added to the graded porous mineral particle system and mixed at a speed of 300 r / min for 10 min to distribute the porous control material throughout the system, thus obtaining a mineral control framework system.

[0074] Next, coconut coir and poplar bark were added to the mineral regulation framework system and mixed at a speed of 400 rpm for 15 minutes to form a basic matrix with a supporting structure. Then, coated slow-release fertilizer was added to the basic matrix and mixed at a speed of 60 rpm for 6 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture.

[0075] Finally, the mixture was granulated at a speed of 40 r / min for 30 min to obtain granular nutrient soil with a particle size of 10 mm. The granular nutrient soil was then dried at 60℃ for 5 h to obtain nutrient soil for peanut potted plants.

[0076] Example 3 The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this embodiment contains the following components by mass percentage: 45% humus, 20% porous mineral particles, 15% corn stalks, 12% dicalcium phosphate, and 8% coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0077] The porous mineral particles are composed of bentonite with a particle size of 5 mm and vermiculite with a particle size of 1 mm in a mass ratio of 1:4.

[0078] The coated slow-release fertilizer is prepared according to the following steps: First, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate particles are sieved to remove excessively fine powder and obviously broken particles, so that the resulting ammonium dihydrogen phosphate particles have a relatively uniform particle shape. The particle size of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate particles after sieving is 3 mm.

[0079] Subsequently, polyurethane was added to anhydrous ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:20 and dispersed under stirring conditions. The stirring speed was 600 r / min, the stirring time was 30 min, and the stirring temperature was 30℃, resulting in a uniform dispersion system of polymer coating material.

[0080] Next, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate particles were added to the polymer coating material dispersion system at a solid-liquid ratio of 3g:10mL. The coating process was carried out under continuous stirring conditions. The stirring speed was 400r / min, the stirring time was 20min, and the stirring temperature was 30℃, so that polyurethane was uniformly attached to the surface of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate particles to form a coating layer.

[0081] Finally, the coated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate particles were cured at 80°C for 40 minutes to form a continuous and stable coating structure on the surface of the inorganic nutrient particles. The cured particles were then dried at 90°C for 4 hours to remove the free solvent on the surface, resulting in a coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0082] The preparation method of nutrient soil is as follows: First, bentonite and vermiculite were premixed at a speed of 200 r / min for 2 min to construct a graded porous mineral particle system. Then, dicalcium phosphate was added to the graded porous mineral particle system and mixed at a speed of 500 r / min for 8 min to distribute the porous control material throughout the system, thus obtaining a mineral control framework system.

[0083] Next, humus and corn stalks were added to the mineral regulation framework system and mixed at a speed of 600 rpm for 12 minutes to form a basic matrix with a supporting structure. Then, coated slow-release fertilizer was added to the basic matrix and mixed at a speed of 80 rpm for 4 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture.

[0084] Finally, the mixture is granulated at a speed of 60 r / min for 20 min to obtain granular nutrient soil with a particle size of 15 mm. The granular nutrient soil is then dried at 80℃ for 3 h to obtain nutrient soil for peanut potted plants.

[0085] Example 4 The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this embodiment contains the following components by weight percentage: 45% peat moss, 32% porous mineral particles, 10% pine sawdust, 8% hydroxyapatite, and 5% coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0086] The porous mineral particles are composed of perlite with a particle size of 6 mm and pumice with a particle size of 2 mm in a mass ratio of 1:4.

[0087] The coated slow-release fertilizer is prepared according to the following steps: First, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate particles are sieved to remove excessively fine powder and obviously broken particles, so that the resulting potassium dihydrogen phosphate particles have a relatively uniform particle shape. The particle size of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate particles after sieving is 4 mm.

[0088] Subsequently, chitosan was added to deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:18 and dispersed under stirring conditions. The stirring speed was 450 r / min, the stirring time was 35 min, and the stirring temperature was 25℃, resulting in a uniform dispersion system of polymer coating material.

[0089] Next, potassium dihydrogen phosphate particles were added to the polymer coating material dispersion system at a solid-liquid ratio of 2g:9mL. The coating process was carried out under continuous stirring conditions. The stirring speed was 250r / min, the stirring time was 25min, and the stirring temperature was 35℃, so that chitosan was uniformly attached to the surface of potassium dihydrogen phosphate particles to form a coating layer.

[0090] Finally, the coated potassium dihydrogen phosphate particles were cured at 65°C for 55 minutes to allow the polymer coating to adhere to the surface of the inorganic nutrient particles. A continuous and stable coating structure is formed; then the cured particles are dried. The temperature was 75℃ and the time was 5.5h to remove the free solvent on the surface, thus obtaining the coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0091] The preparation method of nutrient soil is as follows: First, perlite and pumice were premixed at a speed of 120 r / min for 3 min to construct a graded porous mineral particle system. Then, hydroxyapatite was added to the graded porous mineral particle system and mixed at a speed of 350 r / min for 9 min to distribute the porous control material throughout the system, thus obtaining a mineral control framework system.

[0092] Next, peat and pine sawdust were added to the mineral regulation framework system and mixed at a speed of 450 rpm for 14 minutes to form a basic matrix with a supporting structure. Then, coated slow-release fertilizer was added to the basic matrix and mixed at a speed of 65 rpm for 6 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture.

[0093] Finally, the mixture was granulated at a speed of 45 r / min for 25 min to obtain the desired granulation result. After obtaining granular nutrient soil with a particle size of 12mm, the granular nutrient soil is dried at 65℃ for 3.5h to obtain nutrient soil for peanut potted plants.

[0094] Example 5 The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this embodiment contains the following components by weight percentage: 42% coconut coir, 35% porous mineral particles, 10% poplar sawdust, 8% hydrotalcite, and 5% coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0095] The porous mineral particles are composed of diatomaceous earth with a particle size of 7 mm and bentonite with a particle size of 3 mm in a mass ratio of 1:4.

[0096] The coated slow-release fertilizer is prepared according to the following steps: First, the potassium sulfate granules are sieved to remove excessively fine powder and obviously broken particles, so that the resulting potassium sulfate granules have a relatively uniform particle shape. The particle size of the sieved potassium sulfate granules is 3 mm.

[0097] Subsequently, polyurethane was added to anhydrous ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:15 and dispersed under stirring conditions. The stirring speed was 550 r / min, the stirring time was 45 min, and the stirring temperature was 30℃, resulting in a uniform dispersion system of polymer coating material.

[0098] Next, potassium sulfate granules were added to the polymer coating material dispersion system at a solid-liquid ratio of 3g:8mL. The coating process was carried out under continuous stirring conditions. The stirring speed was 350r / min, the stirring time was 35min, and the stirring temperature was 45℃, so that chitosan was uniformly attached to the surface of potassium sulfate granules to form a coating layer.

[0099] Finally, the coated potassium sulfate particles are subjected to a curing treatment at a temperature of [temperature missing]. The polymer coating layer is cured at 75℃ for 45 minutes to form a continuous and stable coating structure on the surface of the inorganic nutrient particles. After curing, the particles are dried at 85℃ for 4.5 hours to remove free solvent from the surface, thus obtaining the coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0100] The preparation method of nutrient soil is as follows: First, diatomaceous earth and bentonite were premixed at a speed of 180 r / min for 4 min to construct a graded porous mineral particle system. Then, hydrotalcite was added to the graded porous mineral particle system and mixed at a speed of 450 r / min for 8 min to distribute the porous control material throughout the system, thus obtaining a mineral control framework system.

[0101] Next, coconut coir and poplar sawdust were added to the mineral-regulated framework system and mixed at a speed of 550 rpm for 13 minutes to form a basic matrix with a supporting structure. Then, coated slow-release fertilizer was added to the basic matrix and mixed at a speed of 75 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture.

[0102] Finally, the mixture was granulated at a speed of 55 r / min for 30 min to obtain the desired granulation result. After obtaining granular nutrient soil with a particle size of 14mm, the granular nutrient soil is dried at 75℃ for 4.5h to obtain nutrient soil for peanut potted plants.

[0103] Comparative Example 1 (Porous mineral particles without multi-sized particle sizes) The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this comparative example has a composition that is basically the same as that in Example 1. The difference is that the porous mineral particles do not adopt a coarse and fine particle size distribution structure, but are all perlite with a particle size of 8mm as porous mineral particles.

[0104] In the preparation process, perlite of a single particle size is directly mixed with activated alumina, peat, pine bark and coated slow-release fertilizer in sequence, and then granulated and dried to obtain granular nutrient soil.

[0105] Because it lacks a graded structure composed of porous mineral particles of different sizes, this potting soil is prone to uneven pore distribution during use, which is not conducive to the long-term stability of the substrate structure under potted conditions.

[0106] Comparative Example 2 (without adding porous control materials) The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this comparative example has a composition that is basically the same as that in Example 2, except that hydrotalcite is not added to the nutrient soil.

[0107] In the preparation process, only diatomaceous earth, pumice, coconut coir, poplar bark, and coated slow-release fertilizer are mixed, granulated, and dried to obtain granular nutrient soil.

[0108] Due to the lack of porous control materials, the resulting nutrient soil has limited internal structure regulation capabilities, resulting in poor substrate structure stability during potted plant use.

[0109] Comparative Example 2 (without adding porous control materials) The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this comparative example has a composition that is basically the same as that in Example 2, except that hydrotalcite is not added to the nutrient soil.

[0110] In the preparation process, only diatomaceous earth, pumice, coconut coir, poplar bark, and coated slow-release fertilizer are mixed, granulated, and dried to obtain granular nutrient soil.

[0111] Due to the lack of porous control materials, the resulting nutrient soil has limited internal structure regulation capabilities, resulting in poor substrate structure stability during potted plant use.

[0112] Comparative Example 4 (changing the order of addition, without constructing the skeleton system step by step) The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this comparative example uses the same types of raw materials as in Example 4, but the difference is that the preparation process does not follow the step-by-step sequence of "graded porous mineral particles → porous control materials → organic matrix and structural skeleton materials → nutrient slow-release materials".

[0113] Specifically, all raw materials are added to a mixing device at once for mixing, and then directly granulated and dried to obtain granular nutrient soil.

[0114] Because the mineral regulation framework system was not constructed in stages, the components were unevenly distributed during the mixing process, resulting in poor consistency in the particle structure of the resulting nutrient soil.

[0115] Comparative Example 5 (without granulation treatment) The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in this comparative example has the same raw material composition as that in Example 5, except that the mixture is not granulated during the preparation process.

[0116] After the components are mixed, the resulting mixture is dried to obtain powdery or loose nutrient soil.

[0117] Because it has not undergone granulation, the resulting nutrient soil is prone to stratification and loss during transportation and use, making it difficult to maintain a stable physical state.

[0118] To verify the physical structure stability, pore structure rationality, nutrient release controllability, and adaptability to peanut root growth and underground pod formation of the nutrient soil described in this invention under potting conditions, the nutrient soils prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were compared and verified.

[0119] The nutrient soils prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were respectively filled into plastic containers of the same size. The pots are filled with potting soil. The pots have an inner diameter of 22cm at the top, 16cm at the bottom, and a height of 20cm. Six drainage holes, each 8mm in diameter, are located at the bottom. A 2cm thick layer of 12mm expanded clay pebbles is laid at the bottom of each pot as a drainage layer, covered with a non-woven fabric layer. Then, 3.0kg of the corresponding treated potting soil is filled into each pot, leaving a 3cm gap between the soil and the rim. No strong compaction is performed during filling; only slight leveling is done. After filling, 500mL of deionized water is poured evenly into each pot for pre-wetting, allowing the potting soil to fully absorb water and settle initially. After pre-wetting, the pots are left to stand for 12 hours before sowing.

[0120] Peanut seeds of the same batch, variety, uniform size, and without damage were selected as the test material. Before sowing, the peanut seeds were soaked in a 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 minutes for surface disinfection, then rinsed three times with deionized water and dried. Three peanut seeds were sown in each pot at a depth of 3 cm, evenly distributed. After sowing, the original potting soil was covered and leveled. Once the seedlings had emerged and stabilized, one healthy seedling of uniform growth was retained in each pot, and the remaining seedlings were pruned but not removed to avoid disturbing the structure of the potting soil.

[0121] Potted plants were cultivated under identical environmental conditions. During cultivation, daytime temperature was controlled at 28±2℃, nighttime temperature at 22±2℃, relative humidity at 75%, and the light cycle at 14 hours of light / 10 hours of darkness, with consistent light intensity. No additional fertilizer was applied besides watering to eliminate the influence of exogenous nutrients. Watering was done quantitatively, with each pot watered every two days, using 300 mL of water each time. When environmental evaporation increased significantly, all treatments were adjusted to watering once a day, maintaining a consistent water volume. Water was poured evenly onto the surface of the potting soil, avoiding localized erosion.

[0122] During pot cultivation, the physical structural stability of the nutrient soil under different treatments was continuously observed. Records included whether the surface of the nutrient soil showed obvious compaction, cracking, or collapse after multiple waterings; whether the granular nutrient soil particles maintained their integrity; and whether obvious stratification, pulverization, or particle breakage occurred. On day 60 of cultivation, three pots were randomly selected from each treatment group, and the soil column was removed by inverting the pots. The integrity and resistance to cracking of the soil column were observed, and the retention of the granular structure was observed through free fall.

[0123] Simultaneously, the internal pore structure of the potting soil was compared and observed. During the mid-to-late stages of cultivation, longitudinal cross-sections of some flowerpots were observed, recording whether the pore distribution at different depths was uniform, and whether there was a distinct dense layer or localized compression. Furthermore, 300 mL of deionized water was slowly added to the surface of the flowerpots. Record the time from the start of watering until the first oozing liquid appears at the bottom of the pot, as a measure of the aeration and drainage characteristics of the potting soil. refer to.

[0124] After the peanuts entered the pod-setting stage, three pots were randomly selected from each treatment group for sampling and analysis. Watering was stopped for 24 hours before sampling to allow the moisture content of the nutrient soil to become more uniform. Then, the entire pot was inverted to remove the soil column and the nutrient soil was carefully separated. The distribution range of peanut roots, root integrity, and the penetration of the pegs into the soil were observed, and the number of pods per plant and the distribution of pod locations were recorded.

[0125] Throughout the cultivation period, the growth status of peanut plants in each treatment was continuously recorded, including trends in plant height, leaf color uniformity, and whether obvious early excessive growth or late premature senescence occurred. Nutrient soil samples were collected at different stages of the cultivation process, and the conductivity of their extracts was measured as a reference indicator for the level of soluble nutrient release.

[0126] The verification results show that, compared with comparative examples 1-5, the nutrient soil for peanut potted plants described in Examples 1-5 can better maintain the stability of granular structure and overall morphology under multiple waterings and long-term potting conditions. The internal pore distribution is more uniform, providing a stable and loose growing space for peanut root growth and the penetration of underground pegs. Simultaneously, the nutrient soil described in these examples exhibits a relatively smooth and coordinated nutrient supply throughout the entire growth cycle, resulting in stable plant growth, smooth pod formation, and good pod quantity and distribution.

[0127] The above verification results indicate that the nutrient soil for peanut potted plants and its preparation method described in this invention can maintain good physical structural stability and underground growth space under potted conditions, which is conducive to the smooth growth of peanut roots and the underground pod formation process. At the same time, it can achieve a continuous and coordinated supply of nutrients, thereby meeting the actual application needs of peanut potted plant growth throughout the entire process and has good application prospects.

[0128] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nutrient soil for peanut potted plants, characterized in that, Components comprising the following mass percentages: Organic matrix 30-45%, porous mineral particles 20-40%, structural framework material 10-15%, porous control material 8-12%, nutrient slow-release material 5-10%; The porous mineral particles include coarse porous mineral particles and fine porous mineral particles. The coarse porous mineral particles have a particle size of 5-10 mm, and the fine porous mineral particles have a particle size of 1-3 mm. The mass ratio of coarse porous mineral particles to fine porous mineral particles is 1:2-4.

2. The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic substrate is one or more of peat, coconut coir and humus; The porous mineral particles are one or more of perlite, vermiculite, diatomite, pumice, and bentonite.

3. The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The structural skeleton material is one or more of tree bark, straw and sawdust; The porous control material is one or more of activated alumina, hydrotalcite, dicalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite.

4. The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nutrient slow-release material is a coated slow-release fertilizer; The coated slow-release fertilizer consists of inorganic nutrient particles and a polymer coating layer covering the outside of the inorganic nutrient particles.

5. The nutrient soil for peanut potted plants according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inorganic nutrient granules are one or more of the following: urea granules, ammonium sulfate granules, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate granules, potassium dihydrogen phosphate granules, and potassium sulfate granules. The polymer coating layer is one or more of starch, chitosan, and polyurethane.

6. The method for preparing nutrient soil for peanut potted plants according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: 1) Premix coarse and fine porous mineral particles to construct a graded porous mineral particle system; 2) The porous control material is added to the graded porous mineral particle system constructed in step 1) and mixed to distribute the porous control material throughout the graded porous mineral particle system, thus obtaining the mineral control framework. Tie; 3) The organic matrix and structural framework material are added to the mineral-controlled framework system obtained in step 2) and mixed to form a basic matrix with a supporting structure; 4) Add the nutrient slow-release material to the base matrix obtained in step 3) and mix to obtain a mixture; 5) Granulate the mixture obtained in step 4) to obtain nutrient soil for peanut potted plants.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 1) The premixing speed is 100~200 r / min, and the premixing time is 2~5 min; Step 2) The mixing speed is 300~500 r / min, and the mixing time is 8~10 min.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step 3) The mixing speed is 400~600 r / min, and the mixing time is 12~15 min; Step 4) The mixing speed is 60~80 r / min, and the mixing time is 4~6 min.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, Step 5) The granulation is carried out at a rotation speed of 40~60 r / min and the granulation time is 20~30 min. The particle size of the resulting granular nutrient soil is 10~15 mm.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step 5) After granulation is completed, the resulting granular nutrient soil is dried. The drying process is carried out at a temperature of 60-80℃ for 3-5 hours.