Fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing and preventing fire of lithium ion battery and lithium ion polymer battery and preparation method of fire extinguishing agent

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing and preventing fire disasters of a lithium ion battery and a lithium ion polymer battery and a preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent, and the fire extinguishing agent can prevent a thermal runaway phenomenon when the lithium battery is on fire and realize rapid and effective fire extinguishing. More specifically, the present invention comprises deionized water and vanadium oxide. According to the invention, the components are mixed according to a specific proportion, so that high temperature and after-combustion risks when the lithium battery is on fire can be reduced, and harmful gases can be reduced to the greatest extent when the electric vehicle is on fire, so that the risk of secondary fire and explosion is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing and preventing fires of lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion polymer batteries, and its preparation method. In particular, it relates to a novel lithium battery fire extinguishing agent that can be effectively used when lithium battery fires are difficult to extinguish with commonly used fire extinguishing agents, and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are energy storage devices with high energy density and low self-discharge rate, widely used not only in portable electronic devices but also in medium to large-sized equipment such as electric vehicles. However, when these batteries catch fire, the internal temperature can instantly surge to over 1000°C, triggering thermal runaway, a phenomenon that causes the fire to spread rapidly. Thermal runaway is caused by electrical, thermal, and physical shocks within the battery. These shocks damage the separator membrane, leading to a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes, resulting in a sharp temperature rise (exceeding 1000°C). At this point, oxygen and flammable gases are released from inside the battery, allowing the fire to continue. Furthermore, due to the battery's sealed structure, conventional fire extinguishing agents have difficulty penetrating effectively, posing a risk of reignition and further fire spread. Therefore, existing fire extinguishing agents have limitations in extinguishing lithium-ion battery fires, and there is an urgent need to develop a new type of fire extinguishing agent.

[0003] With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the dangers of lithium battery fires have also received widespread attention. When an electric vehicle catches fire, the flames rise high, and it takes a long time to extinguish completely. Due to the spontaneous combustion characteristics of the battery and the chain reaction of explosions under high temperatures, firefighting becomes extremely difficult. Water, a traditional fire extinguishing agent, has a boiling point of 100°C and is unsuitable for extinguishing lithium battery fires with temperatures exceeding 1000°C. Therefore, the necessity of developing new fire extinguishing agents that can effectively extinguish high-temperature lithium battery fires is becoming increasingly prominent. Against this backdrop, a new fire extinguishing agent technology capable of rapidly and safely extinguishing lithium-ion battery fires is needed.

[0004] Therefore, if a water-based fire extinguishing agent with good penetrability and cooling effect is used, it can not only quickly reduce the temperature through primary cooling, but also block the contact between the positive and negative electrodes through secondary non-conductive liquid, thereby reducing short circuits. This will have a significant effect on extinguishing fires and preventing reignition. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method that can quickly extinguish lithium battery fires in electric vehicles and mobile devices.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent comprising deionized water and vanadium oxide and a method for preparing the same.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent comprising deionized water, vanadium oxide, urea, ammonium compound and sodium compound and a method for preparing the same.

[0008] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to those described above, and other problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art through the following description.

[0009] Technical solution:

[0010] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes various specific embodiments of the invention. In this description, various specific details, such as specific forms, compositions, and processes, are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, specific embodiments may be practiced with one or more of these specific details omitted, or may be practiced in combination with other known methods and forms. In other examples, known processes and manufacturing techniques are not described in specific detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention. Throughout this specification, the reference to "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a specific feature, form, composition, or characteristic associated with that embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the invention. Therefore, references to "in one specific embodiment" or "in a specific embodiment" in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, forms, compositions, or characteristics may exist in any suitable combination in one or more specific embodiments.

[0011] Unless otherwise defined in this specification, all scientific and technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention includes deionized water and vanadium oxide.

[0013] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, a method for preparing lithium battery fire extinguishing agents by mixing deionized water and vanadium oxide is also provided.

[0014] In the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent, the deionized water content is 65%-99% by weight, and the vanadium oxide content is 1%-35% by weight.

[0015] The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent further comprises urea, ammonium compounds, calcium compounds, and sodium compounds.

[0016] In the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent, the vanadium oxide is vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), the ammonium compound is diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) or diammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4), the calcium compound is calcium chloride (CaCl2), and the sodium compound is sodium chloride (NaCl).

[0017] The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent further comprises gelatin, riboflavin, and trehalose.

[0018] The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent further comprises sodium silicate, PVA, and ethylene glycol.

[0019] In this specification, the terms "lithium-ion battery cell," "lithium-ion battery," "lithium-ion system," and "lithium-ion battery system" are used interchangeably. A lithium-ion battery cell is an electrochemical element containing at least one electrode capable of reversibly releasing or absorbing lithium ions.

[0020] In this specification, the term "lithium-ion battery" refers to a battery that uses lithium ions (LI) to generate electricity. + Lithium-ion batteries are a type of rechargeable battery that stores and releases energy by moving the battery. Due to their high energy density, long lifespan, and low self-discharge, they are widely used in modern portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems (ESS).

[0021] In this specification, the term "water" refers to a compound formed by the combination of oxygen and hydrogen (H₂O), a common solvent, specifically liquid water. Its CAS number is 7732-18-5, and its identification number is KE-35400. As a base solvent, water can uniformly disperse chemical components, improve solution stability, and rapidly cool the ignition point due to its high specific heat capacity, thus aiding in fire extinguishing. However, in lithium battery fires, direct use of water poses an explosion risk; therefore, it must be combined with other fire extinguishing components and specially designed before application.

[0022] In this specification, the term "deionized water" refers to water from which all ionic substances have been removed. Deionized water is typically produced by removing cations and anions from water using ion exchange resins. Deionized water has a conductivity of 0.1-10 μS / cm at 25°C, which is very low, and it contains virtually no impurities.

[0023] In this specification, the term "urea" has the molecular formula CH4N2O, CAS number 57-13-6, and identification number KE-35144. As a nitrogen source, urea decomposes in high-temperature environments, releasing nitrogen gas and reducing oxygen concentration, thereby suppressing fires. Furthermore, it absorbs heat during decomposition, contributing to lowering the fire temperature.

[0024] In this specification, the term "collagen" refers to a protein primarily found in connective tissues such as skin, bones, cartilage, and muscles, providing tissue strength and elasticity. Collagen has a triple helix structure composed of amino acids.

[0025] In this specification, the term "gelatin" refers to the substance obtained by processing collagen, which forms gelatin when collagen is denatured by heat and its structure loosens. Its CAS number is 9013-63-2. Gelatin's triple helix structure is partially or completely relaxed, thus allowing it to dissolve in water and solidify or form a gel. The molecular formula of gelatin is (C... 13 H 16 N2O4)n can increase the viscosity of the solution, prevent the extinguishing components from evaporating easily, allow them to remain at the fire site for a longer time, and form a film, thereby physically blocking the spread of the fire.

[0026] In this specification, the term "ammonium compound" refers to a compound containing ammonium ions (NH4+). Ammonium ions are cations formed by ammonia (NH3) accepting hydrogen ions (H+), and are typically associated with various anions (chlorides (Cl-)). - ), sulfate (SO4) 2- ), nitrates (NO3) - It is formed by combining (etc.).

[0027] Ammonium compounds include, but are not limited to, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0028] In this specification, the term "ammonium dihydrogen phosphate" has the molecular formula NH4H2PO4. It is a non-flammable substance that is highly effective in suppressing fire combustion. In particular, phosphates can form a flame-retardant protective film through the decomposition of phosphoric acid at high temperatures, thus ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can prevent the spread of fire.

[0029] In this specification, the term "ammonium dihydrogen phosphate" has the molecular formula NH4H2PO4, CAS number 7722-76-1, and identification number KE-01656. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate acts as a non-flammable substance in a fire, helping to prevent the further spread of fire. When sprayed directly onto a flame, it absorbs heat during decomposition, thus lowering the flame temperature.

[0030] In this specification, the term "calcium compound" refers to a compound containing calcium (Ca) atoms, which are formed by calcium ions (Ca2+). 2+ ) and various anions (carbonates (CO3) 2- ), sulfate (SO4) 2- ), chloride (Cl) - It is formed by combining (etc.).

[0031] Calcium compounds include, but are not limited to, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, and calcium hydroxide.

[0032] In this specification, the term "calcium chloride" has the molecular formula CaCl2, CAS number 10043-52-4, and identification number KE-04496. Calcium chloride can absorb moisture, acting as a desiccant to regulate humidity in fire-prone environments and solve moisture problems caused by electrical fires, and also helps inhibit the reaction between lithium and oxygen.

[0033] In this specification, the term "sodium compound" refers to a compound containing sodium (Na) atoms, which are composed of sodium ions (Na+). + ) and various anions (carbonates (CO3) 2- ), sulfate (SO4) 2- ), chloride (Cl) - It is formed by combining (etc.).

[0034] Sodium compounds include, but are not limited to, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, and sodium nitrate.

[0035] In this specification, the term "sodium chloride" has the molecular formula NaCl, CAS number 7647-14-5, and identification number KE-31887. Sodium chloride, as a substance that prevents the spread of fire, can reduce thermal conductivity in electrical fires and can also act as a physical barrier to block the spread of fire.

[0036] In this specification, the molecular formula of the term "riboflavin" is C2. 17 H 20 N4O6, CAS number 83-9-88-5, identification number KE-31387, indicates that riboflavin is vitamin B2. Although riboflavin does not directly function as a fire retardant, it can provide color to the solution to visually confirm the degree of application of the extinguishing agent, or be used as a safety marker during use.

[0037] In this specification, the term "trehalose" refers to a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by an α-1,1-glycosidic bond, which has excellent water-absorbing properties. In particular, trehalose exhibits higher stability compared to other sugars, demonstrating strong resistance to decomposition under various conditions such as heating, acid, and enzymes, and also possesses excellent moisturizing properties.

[0038] In this specification, the term "ethylene glycol" refers to 1,2-ethylene glycol, with the chemical formula C2H4(OH)2, primarily used as an antifreeze in coolants. Furthermore, ethylene glycol prevents freezing, raises the boiling point, and, compared to pure water, reduces the specific heat capacity of the mixture. Mixtures of ethylene glycol and water, used as coolants and antifreezes, offer protection against corrosion, acid decomposition, and the growth of most microorganisms and fungi.

[0039] In this specification, the molecular formula of the term "α-tocopherol" is C0. 29 H 50 O2, CAS number 1959-02-09, identification number KE-10750, is a type of vitamin E. Alpha-tocopherol is considered to be the most physiologically active form of vitamin E. As a fat-soluble antioxidant, vitamin E can protect cell membrane lipid components and prevent oxidative stress. Alpha-tocopherol possesses antioxidant properties and can be mixed with certain substances to inhibit oxidative reactions.

[0040] In this specification, the term "vanadium" refers to the chemical element with atomic number 23, a transition metal in the periodic table. It is a silvery-gray metal that is hard, ductile, and possesses excellent corrosion resistance. As a transition metal capable of multiple oxidation states, vanadium exhibits different colors depending on its oxidation state and acts as a catalyst. Furthermore, in lithium battery fires, vanadium-containing fire extinguishing liquids can extinguish the fire and prevent its spread through various mechanisms, including absorbing heat through redox reactions, blocking conductive paths, stabilizing the electrolyte, and inhibiting oxygen generation.

[0041] In this specification, the term "vanadium oxide" refers to a compound composed of vanadium and oxygen, which can exist in a variety of oxidation states.

[0042] The vanadium oxides include, but are not limited to, vanadium pentoxide, vanadium tetraoxide, vanadium trioxide, and vanadium dioxide.

[0043] In this specification, the term "vanadium pentoxide (V2O5)" refers to the oxide of vanadium in the +5 oxidation state, which is usually a yellow to orange crystalline solid and is the most stable of all vanadium compounds.

[0044] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent comprising deionized water and vanadium oxide is provided, wherein the conductivity of the deionized water is greater than 0.1 μS / cm and less than 10 μS / cm, the content of the deionized water in the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent is 65%-99% by weight, the content of the vanadium oxide is 1%-35% by weight, and the vanadium oxide is vanadium pentoxide.

[0045] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent is provided, which further comprises urea, an ammonium compound, a calcium compound, and a sodium compound, wherein the urea content is 0.5 wt%-20 wt%, the ammonium compound content is 0.5 wt%-10 wt%, the calcium compound content is 0.5 wt%-10 wt%, and the sodium compound content is 0.5 wt%-5 wt%. The ammonium compound is diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4), the calcium compound is calcium chloride (CaCl2), and the sodium compound is sodium chloride (NaCl).

[0046] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent is provided. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent composition comprises gelatin, riboflavin and trehalose, wherein the gelatin content is 0.5%-10% by weight, the riboflavin content is less than 1% by weight, and the trehalose content is less than 1% by weight.

[0047] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent is provided. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent composition comprises sodium silicate, PVA, and ethylene glycol, wherein the sodium silicate content is 0.2 wt%-10 wt%, the PVA content is 0.1 wt%-5 wt%, and the ethylene glycol content is 0.5 wt%-10 wt%.

[0048] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent is provided. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent comprises deionized water and vanadium oxide. The conductivity of the deionized water is greater than 0.1 μS / cm and less than 10 μS / cm. The content of the deionized water is 65%-99% by weight, and the content of the vanadium oxide is 1%-35% by weight. The vanadium oxide is vanadium pentoxide.

[0049] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent is provided. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent further comprises urea, an ammonium compound, a calcium compound, and a sodium compound. The urea content is 0.5%-20% by weight, the ammonium compound content is 0.5%-10% by weight, the calcium compound content is 0.5%-10% by weight, and the sodium compound content is 0.5%-5% by weight. The ammonium compound is diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4), the calcium compound is calcium chloride (CaCl2), and the sodium compound is sodium chloride (NaCl).

[0050] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent is provided, wherein the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent composition further comprises gelatin, riboflavin and trehalose, wherein the gelatin content is 0.5%-10% by weight, the riboflavin content is less than 1% by weight, and the trehalose content is less than 1% by weight.

[0051] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent is provided. The method includes: a first step of adding riboflavin and trehalose to a solvent; a second step of adding a calcium compound, a sodium compound, and an ammonium compound; a third step of adding gelatin; and a fourth step of adding deionized water, urea, and vanadium oxide, wherein the ammonium compound is diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4), the calcium compound is calcium chloride (CaCl2), the sodium compound is sodium chloride (NaCl), and the vanadium oxide is vanadium pentoxide (O5V2).

[0052] Beneficial effects:

[0053] According to the composition of this invention, unlike the extinguishing powder of traditional fire extinguishers, this invention can effectively prevent thermal runaway and quickly extinguish fires in the event of a lithium battery fire. Furthermore, in the event of an electric vehicle fire, this invention can minimize the generation of harmful gases and reduce the risk of secondary combustion or explosion to a minimum.

[0054] Furthermore, the effects of the present invention are not limited to those described above, but should also be understood to include all effects that can be reasonably inferred from the inventive structure described in the detailed description or claims of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The present invention will now be described in more detail through embodiments. These embodiments are merely for illustrating the invention more specifically. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but can be extended and applied according to the core principles of the invention.

[0057] Example 1: Preparation of Fire Extinguishing Agent

[0058] Add less than 1% riboflavin and trehalose to 67%-75% deionized water. Then, maintain the temperature at 40°C for 30 minutes and add 1%-3% sodium chloride and 1%-8% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. After one hour, add 1%-8% gelatin by weight.

[0059] Check for foaming using a high-speed stirrer (product name, stirrer speed). Once a certain amount of foam is produced, seal the solution container with the lid. Then, allow it to mature at room temperature (24°C), checking for foaming again and measuring the pH value.

[0060] Then add less than 1% α-tocopherol, 2%-10% calcium chloride, 1%-5% vanadium pentoxide, 5%-15% urea, and ethylene glycol. One hour after pH measurement, cover with the ethylene glycol container and dry in an environment below 10°C and below 15% humidity.

[0061] The proportions of the extinguishing agents are shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 below.

[0062] [Table 1-1]

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] [Table 1-2]

[0066]

[0067] As described above, specific aspects of the invention have been detailed. These specific techniques will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art as merely preferred embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, the essential scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A lithium battery fire extinguishing agent comprising deionized water and vanadium oxide.

2. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein, The conductivity of the deionized water is greater than 0.1 μS / cm and less than 10 μS / cm.

3. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, The deionized water content is 65%-99% by weight, and the vanadium oxide content is 1-35% by weight.

4. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 and 3, wherein, The vanadium oxide is vanadium pentoxide.

5. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 and 3, further comprising: Urea, ammonium compounds, calcium compounds, and sodium compounds.

6. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 5, wherein, The urea content is 0.5%-20% by weight; The ammonium compound content is 0.5%-10% by weight; The calcium compound content is 0.5%-10% by weight; The sodium compound content is 0.5%-5% by weight.

7. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 5, wherein, The ammonium compound is diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) or diammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4), the calcium compound is calcium chloride (CaCl2), and the sodium compound is sodium chloride (NaCl).

8. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein, The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent composition further comprises gelatin, riboflavin, and trehalose.

9. The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 8, wherein, The gelatin content is 0.5%-10% by weight, the riboflavin content is less than 1% by weight, and the trehalose content is less than 1% by weight.

10. A method for preparing a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent comprising deionized water and vanadium oxide.

11. The method for preparing the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 10, wherein, The conductivity of the deionized water is greater than 0.1 μS / cm and less than 10 μS / cm.

12. The method for preparing the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 10 or claim 11, wherein, The deionized water content is 65%-99% by weight, and the vanadium oxide content is 1-35% by weight.

13. The method for preparing the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 10 and 12, wherein, The vanadium oxide is vanadium pentoxide.

14. The method for preparing the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 10 and 13, wherein, The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent further comprises: urea, ammonium compounds, calcium compounds, and sodium compounds.

15. The method for preparing the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 14, wherein, The urea content is 0.5%-20% by weight; The ammonium compound content is 0.5%-10% by weight; The calcium compound content is 0.5%-10% by weight; The sodium compound content is 0.5%-5% by weight.

16. The method for preparing the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 14, wherein, The ammonium compound is diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) or diammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4), the calcium compound is calcium chloride (CaCl2), and the sodium compound is sodium chloride (NaCl).

17. The method for preparing the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 10, wherein, The lithium battery fire extinguishing agent composition further comprises gelatin, riboflavin, and trehalose.

18. The method for preparing the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 17, wherein, The gelatin content is 0.5%-10% by weight, the riboflavin content is less than 1% by weight, and the trehalose content is less than 1% by weight.

19. A method for preparing a lithium battery fire extinguishing agent, comprising: The first step is to add riboflavin and trehalose to the solvent; The second step involves adding calcium compounds, sodium compounds, and ammonium compounds; The third step is to add gelatin; as well as The fourth step is to add deionized water, urea, and vanadium oxide.

20. The method for preparing the lithium battery fire extinguishing agent according to claim 19, wherein, The ammonium compound is diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4), the calcium compound is calcium chloride (CaCl2), the sodium compound is sodium chloride (NaCl), and the vanadium oxide is vanadium pentoxide (O5V2).

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