Vehicle body and railway vehicle

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a vehicle body and a rail vehicle. The vehicle body is composed of a first side wall upper edge beam, a first underframe edge beam, a first window stand column and a first window oblique beam, and a large window is defined by the first side wall upper edge beam, the first underframe edge beam, the first window stand column and the first window oblique beam; a small window is defined by a first side wall upper edge beam, a first bottom frame edge beam and an adjacent first window oblique beam, and the whole small window is in a central symmetry and multi-pane facade effect. The first window stand column and the first window oblique beam form a triangular stabilizing unit, so that centrifugal force generated when a vehicle turns, pneumatic lateral pressure generated when the vehicle runs at a high speed and local impact generated when the vehicle is loaded, unloaded or collided are effectively resisted. Buckling deformation or outward bulging which is prone to occurring to a traditional flat plate side wall is avoided; meanwhile, the maximum rigidity of the truss structure is achieved with the minimum material, the thickness of side wall skin or the number of internal reinforcing ribs can be reduced, and the weight of the whole vehicle is reduced; a pane pattern with strong rhythm feeling is formed by symmetrical oblique beam layout, so that the appearance design feeling is improved; and modular manufacturing and assembling are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rail vehicle technology, specifically to a car body and a rail vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Low-capacity trains are an innovative, lightweight, and cost-effective rail vehicle that offers a compelling alternative to traditional heavy rail vehicles for branch line operations. Their light weight reduces operating costs across the board and improves the business case for extending existing branch lines into suburban and rural areas, thereby enhancing local connectivity and providing a more affordable and greener future for rail.

[0003] This research focuses on ultra-low weight car body structures for low-capacity trains, investigating car body frame schemes. The lightweight design of the car body structure is based on three aspects: lightweight material design, lightweight structural design, and innovative process applications. Topology optimization simulation technology is employed to analyze the force flow transmission of the car body in the following order: underframe topology optimization, whole-vehicle topology optimization across the entire design space, and whole-vehicle topology optimization within a defined non-design space, thus determining the optimal layout of the car body structure. After determining the critical path of the underframe, high-strength steel is used as the raw material for the design. A steel underframe can effectively extend the car body's lifespan, improve its resistance to deformation during operation, and provide simpler interface forms for other systems.

[0004] Currently, the vehicle body adopts a cylindrical load-bearing structure, which is welded together from large components such as the underframe, side walls, end walls, and roof, and is made of aluminum alloy profiles. The order of unloading the large components is underframe-side walls-roof-end walls. The disadvantages of the above-mentioned existing equipment layout are as follows: the vehicle body is heavy, resulting in high energy consumption; the vehicle body is a full profile structure, resulting in high one-time mold costs; and the production cycle is long. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a vehicle body and rail vehicle to solve the problems of large vehicle body weight, long assembly time, and long production cycle in existing vehicles.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: A vehicle body includes a roof, a chassis, an annular frame, a first side wall, and a second side wall. The first side wall and the second side wall are arranged laterally opposite to each other along the vehicle body, and the tops of the first side wall and the second side wall are respectively fixed to the roof, and the bottoms of the first side wall and the second side wall are respectively fixed to the chassis. The annular frame is fixed to the roof, the first side wall, and the second side wall. The first side wall comprises a first side wall top beam, a first base frame side beam, a first window pillar, and several first window inclined beams. The first window pillar is located at the longitudinal center of the vehicle body. An angle is formed between the first window inclined beam and the first window pillar, and all the first window inclined beams are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first window pillar. The tops of the first window pillar and the first window inclined beam are respectively fixed to the first side wall top beam, and the bottoms of the first window pillar and the first window inclined beam are respectively fixed to the first base frame side beam. A window is formed between the first side wall top beam, the first base frame side beam, the first window pillar, and the first window sloping beam; a window is also formed between the first side wall top beam, the first base frame side beam, and the adjacent first window sloping beam.

[0007] Optionally, the first window sloping beam comprises: Two parallel and spaced-apart first window beams; Several first reinforcing beams are arranged horizontally between two first window sloping beams, with both ends of any one of the first reinforcing beams fixed to the first window sloping beams along its length.

[0008] Optionally, the first sidewall further includes a first end window inclined beam located at the longitudinal end of the vehicle body; the first end window inclined beam includes: The first end window sloping beam is arranged parallel to the first window sloping beam; the two ends of the first end window sloping beam in the length direction are respectively fixed to the annular frame and the first base frame side beam; The first end window corner reinforcement plate is fixed to the first end window inclined beam, the annular frame, and the first base frame side beam, respectively.

[0009] Optionally, the second side wall comprises a second side wall top beam, a second base frame side beam, a second window pillar, a door pillar, and a second window inclined beam; The second window pillar is arranged opposite to the first window pillar in the horizontal direction; a set of door pillars for forming a doorway are provided on both sides of the second window pillar in the longitudinal direction; one end of the second window beam is fixed to the upper beam of the second side wall, and the other end is fixed to the door pillar located at the longitudinal end. The second side wall upper beam, the second base frame side beam, the second window pillar and the door pillar form a window.

[0010] Optionally, the second sidewall further includes a second end window beam located at the longitudinal end of the vehicle body; the second end window beam includes: The second end window sloping beam is arranged parallel to the second window sloping beam; the two ends of the second end window sloping beam in the length direction are respectively fixed to the annular frame and the second base frame side beam; The second end window corner reinforcement plate is fixed to the second end window inclined beam, the annular frame and the second base frame side beam respectively.

[0011] Optionally, the second window sloping beam comprises: The second window sloping beam is fixed at one end to the door post and at the other end to the upper beam of the second side wall; The second window corner reinforcement plate is fixed to the door post, the upper beam of the second side wall, and the second window sloping beam, respectively.

[0012] Optionally, the inner sidewalls of the profiles of the first and second base frame side beams are provided with support surfaces extending in the horizontal direction; The upper surface of the base frame is in contact with the support surface and is detachably fixed by anchors; the anchors are distributed in a Z-shaped double row staggered arrangement on the support surface.

[0013] Optionally, the roof includes a roof body, and a first roof window is symmetrically provided on both longitudinal sides of the roof body. The first roof window is a heart-shaped window, which is composed of two semi-heart-shaped windows symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal center line of the roof.

[0014] Optionally, the roof body includes: Two roof side beams are symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal center line, and the longitudinal ends of the roof side beams are respectively provided with a first contour surface for forming part of the semi-heart-shaped window; The roof longitudinal beams are respectively located at both ends of the roof body along the longitudinal center line and between the two semi-heart-shaped windows. One end of the roof longitudinal beam is fixedly connected to the annular frame. Window reinforcing plates are located at both longitudinal ends of the roof body and are fixed to the roof side beams and roof longitudinal beams on both sides respectively; each of the window reinforcing plates has a second contour surface on both lateral sides for forming the tip of the semi-heart-shaped window, and the first contour surface, the side of the roof longitudinal beam and the second contour surface form the semi-heart-shaped window.

[0015] Optionally, the second contour surface is a V-shaped structure, with one sidewall of the V-shaped structure located on the extension line of the first contour surface, and the other sidewall of the V-shaped structure connected to the side of the roof longitudinal beam.

[0016] Optionally, an inspection door is provided at the center of the roof body, and the roof body further includes: Two crossbeams are spaced apart along the longitudinal direction of the roof body. The two ends of any one of the crossbeams are fixed to the roof side beams. The two crossbeams and the two roof side beams form the inspection door opening, which is used to install the inspection door.

[0017] Optionally, the roof body further includes: Two longitudinal reinforcing plates, wherein the lateral sides of any one of the longitudinal reinforcing plates are fixed to the roof side beam, and the longitudinal sides are fixed to the window reinforcing plate and the crossbeam, respectively.

[0018] Optionally, any of the roof side beams may further include two second roof windows symmetrically arranged along the transverse centerline, the second roof windows extending longitudinally.

[0019] Optionally, the inspection door is made of composite material, and / or the roof body is made of aluminum alloy.

[0020] This application also provides a rail vehicle, including the vehicle body described in any of the above embodiments.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the vehicle body and rail vehicle provided in this application have the following technical advantages: The first side wall upper beam, the first base frame side beam, the first window pillar, and the first window inclined beam form a large window; the first side wall upper beam, the first base frame side beam, and the adjacent first window inclined beam form a small window, presenting a centrally symmetrical, multi-pane facade effect. The first window pillar and the first window inclined beam form a triangular stabilizing unit, effectively resisting the centrifugal force when the vehicle is cornering, the aerodynamic lateral pressure during high-speed operation, and the local impact during loading, unloading, or collision; avoiding the buckling deformation or bulging that is prone to occur in traditional flat side walls; at the same time, the truss structure achieves maximum stiffness with minimal material, which can reduce the thickness of the side wall skin or the number of internal reinforcing ribs, and reduce the overall vehicle weight; the symmetrical inclined beam layout forms a rhythmic window pattern, enhancing the appearance design; and it is also convenient for modular manufacturing and assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle body provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the first sidewall provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the rear view structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure between the first base frame side beam and the base frame provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the second sidewall provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the rear view structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the roof structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0023] The following labels are shown in the attached diagram: Roof 10, base frame 20, ring frame 30, first side wall 40, second side wall 50; The first side wall top beam 41, the first base frame side beam 42, the first window pillar 43, the first window diagonal beam 44, and the first end window diagonal beam 45 are combined. Support surface 421; First window inclined beam 441, first reinforcing beam 442; First end window inclined beam 451, first end window corner reinforcing plate 452; The second side wall upper beam 51, the second base frame side beam 52, the second window pillar 53, the door pillar 54, the second window diagonal beam 55, and the second end window diagonal beam 56 are all composed of these components. Second end window inclined beam 561, second end window corner reinforcing plate 562; Second window inclined beam 551, second window corner reinforcement plate 552; 11. Roof side beam, 12. Roof longitudinal beam, 13. First roof window, 14. Window reinforcement plate, 15. Inspection door, 16. Longitudinal reinforcement plate, 17. Second roof window. Detailed Implementation

[0024] This invention discloses a car body and a rail vehicle to solve the problems of large car body weight, long car body assembly time, and long production cycle in existing vehicles.

[0025] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the exemplary embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0026] Please see Figure 1-7 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle body provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the first sidewall provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the rear view structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure between the first base frame side beam and the base frame provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the second sidewall provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 for Figure 5A schematic diagram of the rear view structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the roof structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] In one specific embodiment, the vehicle body provided in this application includes a roof 10, a chassis 20, an annular frame 30, a first side wall 40, and a second side wall 50. The first side wall 40 and the second side wall 50 are arranged laterally opposite to each other along the vehicle body, and the tops of the first side wall 40 and the second side wall 50 are respectively fixed to the roof 10, and the bottoms of the first side wall 40 and the second side wall 50 are respectively fixed to the chassis 20; the annular frame 30 is fixed to the roof 10, the first side wall 40, and the second side wall 50 respectively. The first side wall 40 comprises a first side wall top beam 41, a first base frame side beam 42, a first window pillar 43, and several first window inclined beams 441, forming a 44. The first window pillar 43 is located at the longitudinal center of the vehicle body. The first window inclined beams 441 and the first window pillar 43 are at an angle, and all the first window inclined beams 441 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first window pillar 43. The tops of the first window pillar 43 and the first window inclined beams 441 are respectively fixed to the first side wall top beam 41, and the bottoms of the first window pillar 43 and the first window inclined beams 441 are respectively fixed to the first base frame side beam 42. A window is formed between the first side wall top beam 41, the first base frame side beam 42, the first window pillar 43, and the first window inclined beam 441; a window is formed between the first side wall top beam 41, the first base frame side beam 42, and the adjacent first window inclined beam 441.

[0028] The vehicle body includes a roof 10, a chassis 20, a first side wall 40, and a second side wall 50, which together form a four-sided enclosed structure. The annular frame 30 is a reinforcing frame located at the end of the vehicle body. It is a U-shaped structure and is fixed to the roof 10 and the two side walls to form a closed spatial steel frame, thereby improving the torsional stiffness and overall load-bearing capacity of the vehicle body and preventing the side walls from bulging outward or the roof 10 from collapsing.

[0029] The first side wall 40 includes a first side wall top beam 41, a first base frame side beam 42, a first window pillar 43, and several first window diagonal beams 441. The first side wall top beam 41 is a transverse main beam set at the top of the first side wall 40 for connecting the roof 10. The first base frame side beam 42 is a transverse beam set at the bottom of the first side wall 40 for connecting the base frame 20. The first window pillar 43 is a vertical pillar located on the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle body, serving as the axis of symmetry for the window area. Several first window diagonal beams 441 are diagonal braces extending obliquely from both sides of the first window pillar 43. The first window diagonal beams 441 form an angle with the first window pillar 43, such as 30°-60°, and are arranged in a herringbone or X-shaped radial pattern. All the first window diagonal beams 441 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first window pillar 43 to ensure balanced load transfer and avoid eccentric force. Understandably, the upper ends of all columns and inclined beams are welded or riveted to the upper beam 41 of the first side wall, and the lower ends are fixed to the upper beam 42 of the first base frame, forming a stable planar truss structure that efficiently transfers lateral loads to the base frame 20 and the roof 10.

[0030] The first window is enclosed by a large window formed by the first side wall upper beam 41, the first base frame side beam 42, the first window pillar 43, and the first window inclined beam 441; a small window is enclosed by the first side wall upper beam 41, the first base frame side beam 42, and the adjacent first window inclined beam 441, presenting a centrally symmetrical, multi-pane facade effect. The first window pillar 43 and the first window inclined beam 441 form a triangular stabilizing unit, effectively resisting the centrifugal force when the vehicle is cornering, the aerodynamic lateral pressure during high-speed operation, and the local impact during loading, unloading, or collision; avoiding transmission. Flat sidewalls are prone to buckling deformation or bulging; at the same time, the truss structure achieves maximum stiffness with minimal material, which can reduce the thickness of the sidewall skin or the number of internal reinforcing ribs, thus reducing the overall vehicle weight; it can also optimize the load transfer path, avoid stress concentration, and extend the fatigue life of the vehicle body; the symmetrical diagonal beam layout forms a rhythmic window pattern, enhancing the appearance design, and the window size can be flexibly adjusted according to financial management and visibility requirements; and the sidewalls can be prefabricated into an integral frame module, which can be connected to the roof 10 and the underframe 20 on site, reducing the amount of on-site welding and improving production efficiency and quality consistency.

[0031] In one embodiment, the first window sloping beam 441 assembly 44 includes two parallel and spaced-apart first window sloping beams 441 and a plurality of first reinforcing beams 442. The first reinforcing beams 442 are arranged horizontally between the two first window sloping beams 441, and the two ends of the length direction of any one of the first reinforcing beams 442 are respectively fixed to the first window sloping beams 441.

[0032] Two first window inclined beams 441 have the same orientation and fixed spacing, extending in a direction inclined from the first window pillar 43 to the edge of the first side wall 40. The spacing between the two first window inclined beams 441 can be set to 100-300mm, jointly bearing the main inclined load, thus improving bending and torsional resistance. A long and narrow longitudinal cavity is formed between them for arranging the first reinforcing beam 442. The horizontal direction refers to the line of defense parallel to the side beam of the vehicle body frame 20. The first reinforcing beam 442 is a transverse straight segment that spans between the two inclined beams, with both ends fixed to the inner sides of the two first window inclined beams 441. Usually, there are 2-5 beams, equidistantly distributed along the length of the first window inclined beams 441. They are connected by rigid nodes, which can effectively resist shear deformation. At the same time, it prevents the two parallel first window inclined beams 441 from buckling inward or experiencing out-of-plane torque under pressure, improving overall stability and optimizing the load transfer path.

[0033] Preferably, the distance between the first window inclined beam 441 and the first window pillar 43 gradually increases from bottom to top, that is, the first window inclined beam 441, the first window pillar 43, the first side wall upper beam 41 and the first base frame side beam 42 form an inverted trapezoidal window structure; in one embodiment, window corner reinforcing plates are provided at the four corners of the inverted trapezoidal window structure to ensure the strength of the vehicle body while meeting the installation requirements of the window.

[0034] Furthermore, the first sidewall 40 also includes a first end window inclined beam 451 assembly 45, located at the longitudinal end of the vehicle body; the first end window inclined beam 451 assembly 45 includes: The first end window inclined beam 451 is set parallel to the first window inclined beam 441; the two ends of the first end window inclined beam 451 in the length direction are fixed to the annular frame 30 and the first base frame side beam 42 respectively. The first end window corner reinforcement plate 452 is fixed to the first end window inclined beam 451, the annular frame 30, and the first base frame side beam 42, respectively.

[0035] The first end window inclined beam 451, component 45, intersects with the annular frame 30 to bear the bending and torsional loads of the vehicle body. The first end window inclined beam 451, component 45, is located at the longitudinal end of the vehicle body. The inclination angle and direction of the first end window inclined beam 451 are consistent with the first window inclined beam 441 in the middle, ensuring the visual continuity and mechanical coordination of the side wall frame and avoiding stress concentration due to abrupt changes in direction. The upper end of the first end window inclined beam 451 connects to the annular frame 30, and the lower end connects to the first underframe side beam 42, forming an oblique force transmission path from the underframe 20, the first end window inclined beam 451, and the annular frame 30, effectively transferring the end load to the main load-bearing structure. The first end window corner reinforcement plate 452 is fixed to the first end window inclined beam 451, the annular frame 30, and the first base frame side beam 42 respectively. The first end window corner reinforcement plate 452 is a triangular or L-shaped thick plate that covers the corner where the annular frame 30, the base frame 20 side beam, and the end inclined beam meet. It achieves a three-way rigid connection through welding / riveting. It is used to disperse concentrated stress, improve connection rigidity, and prevent weld cracking or base material tearing.

[0036] This significantly enhances the structural strength and rigidity of the vehicle body end, effectively resisting longitudinal bending during traction or braking, and torsional loads when crossing curves; at the same time, it prevents fatigue cracking in the window corner area. The end inclined beam connects the annular frame 30 and the side beam of the underframe 20 obliquely, forming a spatial truss effect; avoiding abrupt stiffness changes in traditional right-angle connections, allowing for smooth load transfer and enhancing the continuity of the overall load-bearing path.

[0037] In another embodiment, the second side wall 50 comprises a second side wall upper beam 51, a second base frame side beam 52, a second window pillar 53, a door pillar 54, and a second window inclined beam 551. The second window pillar 53 and the first window pillar 43 are arranged opposite each other in the horizontal direction; a set of door pillars 54 for forming a doorway are provided on both sides of the second window pillar 53 in the longitudinal direction; one end of the second window inclined beam 551 is fixed to the upper beam 51 of the second side wall, and the other end is fixed to the door pillar 54 located at the longitudinal end. The second side wall top beam 51, the second base frame side beam 52, the second window pillar 53, and the door pillar 54 form a window.

[0038] Understandably, the first side wall 40 is mainly composed of a large central window and symmetrical diagonal beams, without doors, ensuring both lighting and structural transparency. The second side wall 50, while retaining the window area, integrates passenger doors, achieving functional and structural harmony. The second side wall 50 consists of a second side wall upper beam 51, a second base frame side beam 52, a second window pillar 53, a door pillar 54, and a second window diagonal beam 551. The second side wall upper beam 51 is the top transverse main beam, connecting to the roof 10; the second base frame side beam 52 is the bottom transverse beam, connecting to the base frame 20; the second window pillar 53 is a vertical pillar, serving as the central support for the window area; the door pillar 54 is used to define the vertical structural pillars of the door opening; the first window pillar 43 and the second window pillar 53 are located at the same longitudinal position on the left and right sides of the vehicle body, ensuring symmetrical lateral loads on the vehicle body. The second window inclined beam 551 is a diagonal support component that connects the upper beam 51 of the second side wall to the door pillar 54. The second window pillar 53 has a set of door pillars 54 at the front and back, and the two sets of door pillars 54 form two door openings respectively. The second window inclined beam 551 extends diagonally downward from the upper beam 51 of the second side wall and is anchored to the outermost door pillar 54 to form a diagonal bracing support, which transfers the upper load to the door pillar 54 and then to the base frame 20, effectively preventing the side wall above the door from bulging or deforming. The second side wall top beam 51, the second base frame side beam 52, the second window pillar 53, and the door pillar 54 form a window for fixing the glass window, realizing an integrated structural design of the door and window area. The door pillar 54 and the second window pillar 53 jointly bear the load. The second window inclined beam 551 directly transfers the load of the second side wall top beam 51 to the door pillar 54, forming an efficient force transmission path, significantly improving the structural rigidity of the door area, maintaining the symmetry of the lateral load of the vehicle body, and at the same time, the door is located on both sides of the second window pillar 53, without obstructing the central view, optimizing space utilization and passenger flow, and enhancing the sense of openness and safety.

[0039] In one specific embodiment, the second sidewall 50 further includes a second end window inclined beam 561 assembly 56 located at the longitudinal end of the vehicle body; the second end window inclined beam 561 assembly 56 includes: The second end window sloping beam 561 is arranged parallel to the second window sloping beam 551; the two ends of the second end window sloping beam 561 in the length direction are respectively fixed to the annular frame 30 and the second base frame side beam 52. The second end window corner reinforcement plate 562 is fixed to the second end window inclined beam 561, the annular frame 30, and the second base frame side beam 52, respectively.

[0040] The second end window inclined beam 561 assembly 56 provides structural reinforcement to the longitudinal end area of ​​the vehicle body. The second end window inclined beam 561 assembly 56 is located on the second side wall 50 near the end of the vehicle body. The inclination angle and direction of the second end window inclined beam 561 are consistent with those of the second end window inclined beam 551. The second end window inclined beam 561 and the first end window inclined beam 451 are arranged laterally opposite each other. The upper end of the second end window inclined beam 561 is connected to the annular frame 30, and the lower end is connected to the second underframe side beam 52, forming an efficient oblique force transmission path from the underframe 20, the inclined beam, and the annular frame 30, which introduces the end load into the main load-bearing system. The second end window corner reinforcement plate 562 is fixed to the second end window inclined beam 561, the annular frame 30, and the second base frame side beam 52, respectively. The reinforcement plate is usually a triangular or L-shaped thick steel plate, covering the corner where the annular frame 30, the base frame 20 side beam, and the end inclined beam meet. A three-way rigid connection is achieved through welding. Essentially, it is a high-strength node stiffening plate that disperses the concentrated stress at the intersection of the three components. It improves the tear resistance and fatigue resistance of the connection area and prevents weld cracking or base material yielding. This significantly improves the structural strength and stiffness of the end structure with the door, compensates for the structural weakening caused by the door opening, effectively resists the end bending moment and shear force generated by the vehicle body during traction, braking, and cornering, prevents fatigue failure of high-stress nodes, and greatly extends the service life by increasing the transition area and homogenizing the stress field. It also maintains the symmetrical stiffness of the two ends of the vehicle body and enhances the impact resistance and collision safety.

[0041] Furthermore, the second window sloping beam 551 consists of the second window sloping beam 551 and the second window corner reinforcing plate 552; one end of the second window sloping beam 551 is fixed to the door post 54, and the other end is fixed to the upper beam 51 of the second side wall; the second window corner reinforcing plate 552 is fixed to the door post 54, the upper beam 51 of the second side wall, and the second window sloping beam 551 respectively.

[0042] The lower end of the second window inclined beam 551 is connected to the door post 54, and the upper end is connected to the upper beam 51 of the second side wall, forming a support rod that runs diagonally downward from the upper beam 51 of the second side wall to the door post 54, effectively transferring the upper load to the door frame. The second window corner reinforcing plate 552 is fixed to the door post 54, the upper beam 51 of the second side wall, and the second window inclined beam 551, respectively. The reinforcing plate is a triangular or fan-shaped thick steel plate that covers the corner where the door post 54, the upper beam, and the inclined beam meet. A three-way rigid connection is achieved through welding / riveting, serving as a high-strength node stiffening plate to disperse concentrated stress, improve connection stiffness, suppress fatigue, and enhance impact resistance. This significantly improves the structural reliability of the area above the door, greatly extends fatigue life, and optimizes the load transfer path.

[0043] In one embodiment, in order to achieve connection with the base frame 20, the inner sidewalls of the profiles of the first base frame side beam 42 and the second base frame side beam 52 are provided with support surfaces 421 extending in the horizontal direction; the upper surface of the base frame 20 is mated with the support surfaces 421 and is detachably fixedly connected by threaded fasteners.

[0044] The first underframe side beam 42, i.e., the longitudinal main beam at the bottom of the side wall, is made of aluminum alloy or steel profile, forming the lower edge of both sides of the vehicle body. The inner side wall of the profile faces the interior of the vehicle body, and a horizontal step or platform is machined on this inner side wall for mounting the underframe 20. The support surface 421 is parallel to the transverse direction of the vehicle body. The upper surface of the underframe 20 fits against the support surface 421, forming a surface-to-surface contact, which is beneficial for uniform load distribution. Riveting or threaded fasteners such as bolts and screws can be used to pass through the underframe 20 and the support surface 421 to achieve mechanical locking. The threaded fasteners are distributed in a Z-shaped double row staggered on the support surface 421, relying on mechanical positioning to meet and reduce dimensional deviations caused by welding deformation. The bolt holes can be CNC machined to ensure repeatability and positioning accuracy. This improves the structural force transmission performance, facilitates maintenance and repair, and enables modular and detachable assembly. The side wall can be pre-assembled as an integral module and then hoisted onto the underframe 20. This significantly shortens the final assembly cycle and improves production efficiency.

[0045] In one embodiment, the underframe 20 is the main load-bearing structure, made of high-strength weathering steel. The underframe 20 has a central beam, which is the main force transmission path. Crossbeams and longitudinal beams are located on both sides, forming a frame structure. Hooks are provided on the crossbeams to provide interfaces for installing large equipment under the vehicle. Anti-climb energy-absorbing modules are located at both ends. This ensures the vehicle body meets strength requirements while effectively absorbing collision energy.

[0046] In another embodiment, the roof 10 includes a roof 10 body, and a first roof window 13 is symmetrically provided on both longitudinal sides of the roof 10 body. The first roof window 13 is a heart-shaped window, which is composed of two semi-heart-shaped windows symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal center line of the roof 10.

[0047] The roof 10 body is the main load-bearing structure of the vehicle body top, usually made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel profiles. On both longitudinal sides, i.e., the left and right sides along the length of the vehicle body, there are first roof windows 13. The window outline adopts a heart-shaped geometric shape, consisting of a double upper arc and a lower apex, providing clear aesthetic recognition. The heart-shaped window is composed of two symmetrically arranged semi-heart-shaped windows along the longitudinal centerline of the roof 10, generated through the longitudinal axis of symmetry. During manufacturing, a single half-mold can be used for flipping and replication, reducing mold costs. The structural stress is symmetrical about the centerline, avoiding off-center loading. This allows natural light to be introduced through the roof 10 windows, significantly improving the lighting in the center of the cabin; it is especially suitable for areas without side windows, enhancing interior lighting and the sense of space; it enhances product recognition and brand aesthetics; the symmetrical heart shape facilitates CNC cutting, stamping, or laser processing, balancing structural rationality and manufacturing feasibility.

[0048] Specifically, the roof 10 body includes: Two roof side beams 11 are symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal centerline, and the longitudinal ends of the roof side beams 11 are respectively provided with a first contour surface for forming a partial semi-heart-shaped window; The roof longitudinal beams 12 are respectively located at both ends of the roof body 10 along the longitudinal center line and between the two semi-heart-shaped windows. One end of the roof longitudinal beams 12 is fixedly connected to the annular frame 30. Window reinforcing plates 14 are located at both longitudinal ends of the roof 10 body and are fixed to the roof side beams 11 and roof longitudinal beams 12 on both sides respectively; each window reinforcing plate 14 has a second contour surface on both lateral sides for forming a semi-heart-shaped window tip, and the first contour surface, the side of the roof longitudinal beam 12 and the second contour surface form a semi-heart-shaped window.

[0049] The roof side beam 11 is the longitudinal main beam on both sides of the roof 10, which bears the load of the roof 10 and connects to the side wall. The roof side beam 11 is symmetrically arranged and mirrored about the longitudinal center line of the vehicle body. The first contour surface is machined at both ends of its longitudinal direction to form the upper arc part of the semi-heart-shaped window. The roof longitudinal beam 12 is the longitudinal beam arranged along the length of the vehicle body and is located between the left and right semi-heart-shaped windows, that is, at the longitudinal end and in the transverse center area. One end of the roof longitudinal beam 12 is fixed to the annular frame 30 to form an end rigid node. The roof longitudinal beam 12 is used to form the inner boundary of the semi-heart-shaped window.

[0050] The window reinforcement plate 14 is located at the front and rear ends of the roof 10 as a local reinforcement component. It is also welded or riveted to the left and right roof side beams 11 and the central roof longitudinal beam 12 to compensate for the stiffness loss caused by the opening of the large window; to transfer loads and prevent tearing at the corners of the window; and to participate in the formation of the window outline, forming the lower tip of the semi-heart-shaped window.

[0051] Understandably, the first contour surface corresponds to the upper arc of the heart shape, the side of the roof longitudinal beam 12 corresponds to the concave middle of the heart shape, and the second contour surface corresponds to the lower tip of the heart shape. The three are connected end to end and seamlessly joined together to form a complete semi-heart-shaped opening. This achieves a high-precision and highly consistent heart-shaped contour. The window is directly formed by the main load-bearing component, avoiding deformation or errors caused by cutting the skin later. It is suitable for automated CNC machining (such as five-axis milling of profile ends) to ensure batch consistency. The structure and aesthetics are highly integrated with each other, with no redundant openings. It effectively compensates for the weakening of the openings and ensures the rigidity of the roof 10. The window reinforcement plate 14 rigidly connects the roof side beam 11 to the longitudinal beam to form a partially closed frame.

[0052] Furthermore, the second contour surface is a V-shaped structure, with one sidewall of the V-shaped structure located on the extension line of the first contour surface, and the other sidewall of the V-shaped structure connected to the side of the roof longitudinal beam 12. The first contour surface is located at the end of the roof side beam 11, forming the outer edge of the upper arc of the heart shape; one side of the V-shape (usually the outer side) extends geometrically collinearly with the first contour surface; a straight line naturally extends from the end of the first contour surface, serving as one arm of the V-shape; this avoids inflection points or plateaus at the connection points, maintaining aesthetic characteristics; the other side of the V-shape directly connects to the side of the roof longitudinal beam 12; the roof longitudinal beam 12 is located in the middle of the inner side of the heart-shaped window; this connection forms the boundary of the concave part of the heart shape, completing the closure of the entire semi-heart shape; it optimizes the local stress distribution and strengthens the structural force transmission path. Window reinforcement angles can be set in the circumference of the heart-shaped window, and weight reduction holes are provided.

[0053] In another embodiment, an inspection door 15 is provided at the center of the roof 10 body. The roof 10 body also includes two crossbeams, which are spaced apart along the longitudinal direction of the roof 10 body. The two ends of any crossbeam are fixed to the roof side beams 11. The two crossbeams and the two roof side beams 11 form the entrance of the inspection door 15 for installing the inspection door 15.

[0054] Inspection door 15 is located at the longitudinal centerline of roof 10, allowing maintenance personnel to enter the equipment compartment of roof 10 for maintenance, replacement, or emergency operations; it is usually fixed with threaded fasteners and sealed with adhesive; the crossbeam extends laterally and is arranged longitudinally at intervals (e.g., 800–1500 mm apart), forming the front and rear boundaries of the doorway; it bears the weight of inspection door 15 and operating loads, and transmits the force to the lateral main beam.

[0055] The left and right ends of each crossbeam are welded / riveted to the left and right roof side beams 11, respectively. The roof side beams 11 serve as the main load-bearing components of the roof 10, providing strong support and forming a closed frame: the left roof side beam 11, the front crossbeam, the right roof side beam 11, and the rear crossbeam together enclose a rectangular opening area, which is the doorway of the inspection door 15. The inspection door 15 is centrally located, facilitating access to core equipment such as air conditioning and electrical cabinets. The rigid doorway prevents deformation and ensures long-term sealing and smooth opening and closing of the door. It efficiently utilizes the structural frame of the roof 10, avoiding redundant reinforcement and ensuring a balance between the overall rigidity and local strength of the roof 10.

[0056] Furthermore, the roof 10 body also includes two longitudinal reinforcing plates 16. The lateral sides of each longitudinal reinforcing plate 16 are fixed to the roof side beam 11, and the longitudinal sides are fixed to the window reinforcing plate 14 and the crossbeam, respectively. The left and right edges (i.e., the lateral sides) of each longitudinal reinforcing plate 16 are welded or riveted to the inner side or web of the roof side beam 11 on the same side. The roof side beam 11, as the main load-bearing component of the roof 10, provides a stable anchor point for the reinforcing plates, forming a T-shaped or I-shaped section effect to improve bending stiffness. The front end of each longitudinal reinforcing plate 16 is connected to the window reinforcing plate 14, and the rear end is connected to the crossbeam, realizing the longitudinal force transmission from the end (heart-shaped window) of the roof 10 to the middle (inspection door 15). The high-stress area at the end and the functional opening area in the middle are connected by a rigid plate, so that the roof 10 deforms in a coordinated manner and the stress is uniform under longitudinal bending or torsional loads; suppressing local buckling and torsion, forming a multi-closed frame, and improving the overall stiffness.

[0057] Furthermore, any roof edge beam 11 also includes two second roof windows 17 symmetrically arranged along the transverse centerline of the vehicle body, with the second roof windows 17 extending longitudinally.

[0058] The axis of symmetry is the transverse centerline of the vehicle. Two second roof windows 17 are located on the left and right roof side beams 11, respectively, and are mirror-symmetrical about the transverse centerline of the vehicle. A total of four second roof windows 17 are provided: two on the left roof side beam 11 extending longitudinally, and two on the right roof side beam 11 extending longitudinally. The roof side beam 11 is typically a large hollow extruded aluminum alloy profile. The second roof windows 17 are directly perforated in the top plate or upper flange area of ​​this profile, avoiding perforations on independent skins and reducing structural weakening. The second roof windows 17 are preferably trapezoidal or rectangular structures, which can be configured as needed. The circumference of the second roof windows 17 facilitates the installation of window reinforcement plates 14, reducing stress concentration while meeting window installation requirements.

[0059] The inspection door 15 is made of composite material, and / or the roof 10 body is made of aluminum alloy. The inspection door 15 is thinner than the surrounding aluminum alloy to avoid space for air conditioning installation. The design of the inspection door 15 can meet the daily inspection and maintenance of the air conditioning. The roof 10 body is composed of profiles and plate beam structure.

[0060] Based on the vehicle body described in the above embodiments, this application also provides a rail vehicle, including the vehicle body described in any of the above embodiments.

[0061] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0062] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A vehicle body, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a roof, a chassis, an annular frame, a first side wall, and a second side wall. The first side wall and the second side wall are arranged laterally opposite to each other along the vehicle body, and the tops of the first side wall and the second side wall are respectively fixed to the roof, and the bottoms of the first side wall and the second side wall are respectively fixed to the chassis. The annular frame is fixed to the roof, the first side wall, and the second side wall. The first side wall comprises a first side wall top beam, a first base frame side beam, a first window pillar, and several first window inclined beams. The first window pillar is located at the longitudinal center of the vehicle body. An angle is formed between the first window inclined beam and the first window pillar, and all the first window inclined beams are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first window pillar. The tops of the first window pillar and the first window inclined beam are respectively fixed to the first side wall top beam, and the bottoms of the first window pillar and the first window inclined beam are respectively fixed to the first base frame side beam. A window is formed between the first side wall top beam, the first base frame side beam, the first window pillar, and the first window sloping beam; a window is also formed between the first side wall top beam, the first base frame side beam, and the adjacent first window sloping beam.

2. The vehicle body according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first window sloping beam consists of: Two parallel and spaced-apart first window beams; Several first reinforcing beams are arranged horizontally between two first window sloping beams, with both ends of any one of the first reinforcing beams fixed to the first window sloping beams along its length.

3. The vehicle body according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first sidewall also includes a first end window inclined beam, located at the longitudinal end of the vehicle body; the first end window inclined beam includes: The first end window sloping beam is arranged parallel to the first window sloping beam; the two ends of the first end window sloping beam in the length direction are respectively fixed to the annular frame and the first base frame side beam; The first end window corner reinforcement plate is fixed to the first end window inclined beam, the annular frame, and the first base frame side beam, respectively.

4. The vehicle body according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second side wall consists of the upper beam of the second side wall, the side beam of the second base frame, the second window pillar, the door pillar, and the diagonal beam of the second window; The second window pillar is arranged opposite to the first window pillar in the horizontal direction; a set of door pillars for forming a doorway are provided on both sides of the second window pillar in the longitudinal direction; one end of the second window beam is fixed to the upper beam of the second side wall, and the other end is fixed to the door pillar located at the longitudinal end. The second side wall upper beam, the second base frame side beam, the second window pillar and the door pillar form a window.

5. The vehicle body according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second sidewall also includes a second end window inclined beam, located at the longitudinal end of the vehicle body; the second end window inclined beam includes: The second end window sloping beam is arranged parallel to the second window sloping beam; the two ends of the second end window sloping beam in the length direction are respectively fixed to the annular frame and the second base frame side beam; The second end window corner reinforcement plate is fixed to the second end window inclined beam, the annular frame and the second base frame side beam respectively.

6. The vehicle body according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second window sloping beam consists of: The second window sloping beam is fixed at one end to the door post and at the other end to the upper beam of the second side wall; The second window corner reinforcement plate is fixed to the door post, the upper beam of the second side wall, and the second window sloping beam, respectively.

7. The vehicle body according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner sidewalls of the profiles of the first and second base frame side beams are provided with support surfaces extending in the horizontal direction; The upper surface of the base frame is in contact with the support surface and is detachably fixed by anchors; the anchors are distributed in a Z-shaped double row staggered arrangement on the support surface.

8. The vehicle body according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roof includes a roof body, and a first roof window is symmetrically provided on both longitudinal sides of the roof body. The first roof window is a heart-shaped window, which is composed of two semi-heart-shaped windows symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal center line of the roof.

9. The vehicle body according to claim 8, characterized in that, The roof body includes: Two roof side beams are symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal center line, and the longitudinal ends of the roof side beams are respectively provided with a first contour surface for forming part of the semi-heart-shaped window; The roof longitudinal beams are respectively located at both ends of the roof body along the longitudinal center line and between the two semi-heart-shaped windows. One end of the roof longitudinal beam is fixedly connected to the annular frame. Window reinforcing plates are located at both longitudinal ends of the roof body and are fixed to the roof side beams and roof longitudinal beams on both sides respectively; each of the window reinforcing plates has a second contour surface on both lateral sides for forming the tip of the semi-heart-shaped window, and the first contour surface, the side of the roof longitudinal beam and the second contour surface form the semi-heart-shaped window.

10. The vehicle body according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second contour surface is a V-shaped structure, with one side wall of the V-shaped structure located on the extension line of the first contour surface, and the other side wall of the V-shaped structure connected to the side of the roof longitudinal beam.

11. The vehicle body according to claim 10, characterized in that, An inspection door is provided at the center of the roof body, and the roof body also includes: Two crossbeams are spaced apart along the longitudinal direction of the roof body. The two ends of any one of the crossbeams are fixed to the roof side beams. The two crossbeams and the two roof side beams form the inspection door opening, which is used to install the inspection door.

12. The vehicle body according to claim 11, characterized in that, The roof body also includes: Two longitudinal reinforcing plates, wherein the lateral sides of any one of the longitudinal reinforcing plates are fixed to the roof side beam, and the longitudinal sides are fixed to the window reinforcing plate and the crossbeam, respectively.

13. The vehicle body according to claim 9, characterized in that, Any of the roof side beams further includes two second roof windows symmetrically arranged along the transverse centerline, the second roof windows extending longitudinally.

14. The vehicle body according to claim 11, characterized in that, The inspection door is made of composite material, and / or the roof body is made of aluminum alloy.

15. A rail vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the vehicle body as described in any one of claims 1-14.

Images