Novel rollover slope fixing template structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel rollover slope fixing formwork structure and a construction method thereof. The method is suitable for the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a novel rollover slope fixing template structure and a construction method thereof. According to the technical scheme, the novel rollover slope fixing formwork structure comprises face formwork structures arranged above the slope surface of a construction slope, and the adjacent face formwork structures are detachably spliced through connecting pieces; the back frame structure comprises supporting rod sets and adjusting pieces, the supporting rod sets are arranged on the surfaces of the face mold structures, the two ends of each adjusting piece are connected with the supporting rod sets on the adjacent face mold structures respectively, and the adjusting pieces can adjust the gradient of the face mold structures through self stretching and retracting, so that the multiple face mold structures are coplanar; and the fixing frame is arranged outside the surface mold structure on the bottom layer, is connected with the corresponding supporting rod group on the surface mold structure on the bottom layer, and is used for providing a supporting foundation for the supporting rod group and the surface mold structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology, and in particular to a novel formwork structure for slope stabilization and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Concrete-faced rockfill dams have become one of the main dam types commonly used in pumped-storage power station reservoir construction due to their advantages such as readily available dam materials, simple construction, short construction period, and low cost. The upstream slope protection layer of a concrete-faced rockfill dam is a crucial link in dam filling construction, directly affecting the construction safety, quality, progress, and cost of the entire dam project. Formwork reinforcement technology, due to its advantages such as high safety, good slope smoothness, minimal construction interference, and the ability to ensure the dam is always ready for flood control, has been widely applied in the upstream slope protection construction of rockfill dams such as pumped-storage power stations in recent years. With the development of high and ultra-high dams, the problems encountered with concrete faces will increase, leading to increasingly higher requirements for dam formwork reinforcement technology.

[0003] The traditional formwork stabilization technology has the following problems: the connection between traditional formwork templates is complex and the disassembly and assembly efficiency is low, making it difficult to achieve rapid turnover; multi-layer formwork is difficult to ensure coplanarity, resulting in poor flatness of the mortar protective layer, which is prone to uneven thickness or cracking; the formwork support system has insufficient rigidity, which is prone to displacement or deformation during mortar pouring or compaction; the formwork lacks reliable external support, and the overall stability depends on a large number of anchor bars, resulting in material waste and cumbersome construction; and there is a lack of safety protection measures integrated with the formwork when working on high slopes, which poses a risk of falling from heights.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of slope stabilization formwork structure that is structurally reasonable, adjustable and controllable, easy to install, and has good overall stability, in order to solve the problems of low construction efficiency, poor forming quality, insufficient safety, and waste of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel formwork structure for slope stabilization and its construction method, in view of the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a novel formwork structure for slope stabilization, comprising: The face formwork structure is located above the slope surface of the construction slope, and adjacent face formwork structures can be detachably spliced ​​together via connectors; The back frame structure includes a support rod assembly and an adjusting component. The support rod assembly is located on the surface of the face mold structure. The two ends of the adjusting component are respectively connected to the support rod assembly on the adjacent face mold structure. The adjusting component can adjust the slope of the face mold structure by its own extension and retraction, so that the multi-face mold structure is coplanar. The fixing frame is located outside the bottom surface structure. The fixing frame is connected to the corresponding support rod group on the bottom surface structure and is used to provide a support foundation for the support rod group and the surface structure.

[0007] Through the aforementioned technical means, the surface mold structure is detachably assembled using connectors. This detachable design enhances the ease of assembly and disassembly, improving turnover efficiency. Multiple surface molds are connected into a whole through a back frame structure. The surface of the surface mold structure is equipped with support rod assemblies, which are supported by a fixing frame. The slope of the surface mold structure is adjusted using adjustable components, ensuring that multiple surface molds are coplanar. This improves the flatness of the mortar layer, and the fixing frame, support rod assemblies, and adjusting rods together form a support system for the surface mold structure.

[0008] In some embodiments, the support rod assembly includes a first support rod and a second support rod, the adjusting member includes an adjusting rod that can be telescopically adjusted, the top of the face mold structure is equipped with the first support rod, the top sidewall of the first support rod is connected to the surface of the face mold structure via the second support rod, so that the first support rod, the second support rod and the face mold structure form a triangular structure; one end of the adjusting rod is connected to the top sidewall of the first support rod, and the other end of the adjusting rod is connected to the bottom sidewall of the adjacent first support rod, so that the first support rod, the adjusting rod and the face mold structure form a triangular structure.

[0009] In some embodiments, the surface of the face mold structure is provided with a groove and a pad. The first support rod is inserted into the groove. The side wall of the groove is provided with a first double lug. The two side walls of the first support rod are provided with symmetrically arranged second double lugs. The pad is provided with a third double lug. The two ends of the second support rod are pinned to the second double lug and the third double lug respectively via a first single lug. The inner walls of the two ends of the adjusting rod are provided with internal threads with opposite directions. The two ends of the adjusting rod are threaded to the second single lug. The two ends of the adjusting rod are pinned to the second double lug on the first support rod and the first double lug on the groove respectively via the second single lug.

[0010] In some embodiments, the adjusting rod has a locking hole on its shaft for inserting a reinforcing bar to lock the adjusting rod.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second support rod is a double-limb tube type with a hollow center. Each limb is a square tube, and the two ends of the two square tubes are welded with the first single ear piece via steel plates. The first single ear piece is provided with a round hole.

[0012] In some embodiments, the faceplate structure includes a back plate, a first rib, and a second rib. The connector includes a U-shaped clip. The back plate has a first rib on its peripheral sidewall and a second rib distributed horizontally and vertically on the back plate. The first rib has multiple insertion holes. The two ends of the U-shaped clip pass through the insertion holes of the first rib on the adjacent back plates to splice the adjacent back plates. The back plate has multiple fixing holes for inserting anchor bars to fix the position of the back plate on the slope.

[0013] In some embodiments, the bottom of the face mold structure is provided with a wedge plate, which has a trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The wedge plate is provided with a third rib on both sides and in the middle. The bottom of the wedge plate is provided with a base plate. The wedge plate and the face mold structure are both provided with corresponding fixing holes. The fixing holes are used to pass through the wire so that the wedge plate is connected to the face mold structure. The wedge plate can provide support and limit the face mold structure.

[0014] In some embodiments, the fixing frame includes horizontal bars, vertical bars, uprights and diagonal bars. The horizontal bars and vertical bars are spliced ​​together to form a grid-like support. The multiple grid-like supports are connected by vertically arranged uprights. The support rod group is provided with vertical bars that can support the support rod group. The bottom of the vertical bars in the grid-like support and the vertical bars in the support rod group are supported and connected by diagonally arranged diagonal bars.

[0015] In some embodiments, a guardrail base is provided at the bottom of the surface of the face mold structure, and a safety guardrail is installed on the guardrail base.

[0016] Another technical solution adopted in this invention is: a construction method for a novel formwork structure for slope stabilization, comprising the following steps: S1. Install the first layer template, assemble the face mold structure and support rod group, and connect them with the fixing frame. Install the wedge plate at the bottom of the face mold structure, lay the pad material, and after initial rolling, pour mortar. Then pull out the wedge plate for final rolling and drive the anchor bar into the pre-reserved insertion hole on the face mold structure. S2. Install the second layer template, assemble the face template structure and support rod group, connect it to the first layer template through U-shaped clips, install the adjusting parts, connect the adjusting parts to the support rod group in the first layer template, then install the wedge plate, lay the pad material, grout after initial rolling, then pull out the wedge plate for final rolling, and drive the anchor bar into the pre-reserved insertion hole on the face template structure. S3. Install the third layer template, and repeat step S2; S4. Flip the formwork, remove the fixing frame and the first layer of formwork, and install the fourth layer of formwork. The installation method is the same as step S2. Start installing safety guardrails from the fourth layer of formwork. Repeat the above steps until the construction is completed.

[0017] Through the aforementioned technical means, U-shaped clips are used to achieve rapid interlayer connection between the surface formwork structures. Combined with the repetitive process of dismantling and reuse, this improves dismantling and assembly efficiency as well as formwork turnover efficiency. Support rods between adjacent layers are connected via adjusting components, which are used to adjust the surface formwork structure and ensure coplanarity. A fixing frame provides initial support at the bottom layer, and the back frame structure formed by the support rods and adjusting components creates a support system that restricts displacement and deformation of the surface formwork structure.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. By employing detachable connectors to assemble a multi-layer formwork structure, the detachable design facilitates rapid installation and removal of the formwork, improving ease of assembly and disassembly, increasing formwork turnover efficiency, and promoting standardized and modular construction. The support rods and adjusting components in the back frame structure work together to form an overall load-bearing frame. A fixing frame is installed on the bottom surface formwork structure. The back frame structure connects the dispersed surface formwork into a unified load-bearing system, and the bottom fixing frame provides external support, effectively resisting lateral forces during mortar pouring or compaction, reducing formwork displacement and deformation.

[0019] 2. By dynamically adjusting the slope of adjacent formwork surfaces using adjustable components, multiple formwork surfaces are ensured to be on the same designed slope, significantly improving the flatness and thickness uniformity of the mortar protective layer, reducing the risk of cracking, and enhancing the durability of the dam panel. The fixing frame, as a structural support, can bear part of the load, reducing reliance on dense anchor bars, thus reducing drilling and rebar installation work, lowering material consumption and labor costs, and accelerating construction progress.

[0020] 3. By adding detachable safety railings to the surface structure, handrails can be provided for construction workers during slope operations, playing a safety protection role and significantly reducing the risk of falls from heights.

[0021] 4. The three-layer formwork structure is connected by the first and second support rods in the support rod assembly and the adjusting rod in the adjusting component, forming multiple triangular structures. This makes the three-layer formwork a whole, effectively transferring the stress on the top layer formwork structure and reducing formwork deformation. Through the three-layer formwork method, the upstream slope of the rockfill dam has a maximum of three layers of formwork, minimizing formwork usage, reducing costs, and ensuring construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of this application.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the face mold structure in this application.

[0025] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the face mold structure in this application.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the first support rod in this application.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a side view of the first support rod in this application.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the second support rod in this application.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a side view of the second support rod in this application.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the adjusting component in this application.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a side view of the adjustment component in this application.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the wedge plate in this application.

[0033] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the wedge plate in this application.

[0034] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the safety railing in this application.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Completed slope stabilization mortar surface; 2. Subbase material; 3. Bottom layer formwork; 4. Middle layer formwork; 5. Top layer formwork; 6. Back frame structure; 7. Anchor bars; 8. Safety railing; 9. Filling surface; 10. First support rod; 11. Second support rod; 12. Adjusting rod; 13. Back plate; 14. First rib plate; 15. Groove seat; 16. First single ear piece; 17. First double ear piece; 18. Second rib plate; 19. Reserved hole; 20. ... 21. Second support rod body; 22. Adjusting rod body; 23. Second single lug; 24. Wedge plate; 25. Third rib plate; 26. Slot; 27. Guardrail base; 28. Third double lug; 29. ​​Insertion hole; 30. Fixing hole; 31. Locking hole; 32. Base plate; 33. Fixing frame; 34. Upright post; 35. Horizontal bar; 36. Vertical bar; 37. Diagonal bar; 38. Second double lug.

[0036] This specification includes references to "one embodiment" or "implementation". The use of the phrase "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner consistent with this disclosure.

[0037] The term "comprising" is open-ended. As used in the appended claims, it does not exclude additional structures or steps.

[0038] "First," "second," etc. As used in this article, these terms serve as labels for the nouns preceding them and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.).

[0039] The term "based on," as used herein, describes one or more factors that influence the determination. This term does not exclude additional factors influencing the determination. That is, the determination may be based solely on these factors or at least partially on them. Consider the phrase "A is determined based on B." In this case, B is the factor influencing the determination of A, and such phrases do not exclude the possibility that the determination of A may also be based on C. In other instances, A may be determined solely on B. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0041] Example 1: Combination Figures 1 to 13 As shown, this embodiment is a novel formwork structure for slope stabilization. This embodiment is applied to a concrete-faced rockfill dam and includes a face formwork structure, a back frame structure 6, and a fixing frame 33. The back frame structure 6 includes support rod assemblies and adjusting components. A face formwork structure is provided above the slope surface of the construction slope. Adjacent face formwork structures can be detachably spliced ​​via connectors. Support rod assemblies are provided on the surface of the face formwork structure. The two ends of the adjusting components are respectively connected to the support rod assemblies on adjacent face formwork structures to connect adjacent face formwork structures into a whole. The adjusting components can adjust the slope of the face formwork structure through their own expansion and contraction, so that multiple face formwork structures are coplanar. A fixing frame 33 is provided on the outside of the bottom face formwork structure located at the toe slab of the rockfill dam. The fixing frame 33 is connected to the corresponding support rod assembly on the bottom face formwork structure. The fixing frame 33 is used to provide a supporting foundation for the support rod assembly and the face formwork structure.

[0042] In some implementation schemes, such as Figure 2 As shown, the support rod assembly includes a first support rod 10 and a second support rod 11. The adjusting component includes an adjusting rod 12 that can be telescopically adjusted. The first support rod 10 is installed on the top of the face mold structure. The top sidewall of the first support rod 10 is connected to the surface of the face mold structure via the second support rod 11, so that the first support rod 10, the second support rod 11 and the face mold structure form a triangular structure. One end of the adjusting rod 12 is connected to the top sidewall of the first support rod 10, and the other end of the adjusting rod 12 is connected to the bottom sidewall of the adjacent first support rod 10, so that the first support rod 10, the adjusting rod 12 and the face mold structure form a triangular structure.

[0043] The triangular structure formed by the first support rod 10 and the second support rod 11 significantly improves the bending and torsional stiffness of the formwork structure, effectively transferring the load on the formwork to the support system and preventing local deformation or overturning. The first support rods 10 of adjacent formworks are connected by the adjusting rod 12, forming a cross-layer triangular structure that achieves rigid linkage and slope coordination between adjacent formwork layers. The relative positions of the upper and lower formwork layers can be finely adjusted by extending and retracting the adjusting rod 12, ensuring multi-layer coplanarity, solving flatness issues, and the cross-layer triangle further enhances the spatial stability of the overall formwork system and suppresses displacement under construction disturbances.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first support rod 10 is a square tube, consisting of a first support rod body 20 and two second double lugs 38 on both sides. The first support rod body 20 has a length of 8cm, a width of 8cm, a wall thickness of 5cm, and a height of 49cm. A pre-drilled hole 19 is provided 8cm from the bottom of the first support rod 10. The net spacing between the lugs of the second double lugs 38 is 2cm. The lugs of the second double lugs 38 are roughly triangular, with a semi-circular top, a height of 6.5cm, a thickness of 1.2cm, and a bottom width of 7cm. A circular hole with a diameter of 2.2cm is provided 4cm from the bottom. The first support rod body 20 and the two second double lugs 38 on both sides are connected by double-sided welding.

[0045] Specifically, in this embodiment, the length of the second support rod 11 is 65.3 cm. The second support rod 11 is composed of a second support rod tube body 21 and first single lugs 16 on both sides, as shown below. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the second support rod 11 adopts a double-limb tube type with a hollow center. Each limb is made of square tube, and both ends of the two square tubes are welded with a first single lug 16 via steel plates. The first single lug 16 has a round hole. In this embodiment, each limb uses a square tube with a length of 5cm × 5cm and a wall thickness of 0.5cm. The lug of the first single lug 16 has a thickness of 1.2cm, a height of 6.5cm, and is shaped like a city gate. The bottom width is 5cm, and a round hole with a diameter of 2.2cm is set at a position 4cm from the bottom. The first single lug 16 is welded to the second support rod tube body 21 via steel plates.

[0046] By adopting a double-limb structure, the bending stiffness can be improved. Each limb is made of square tube, which has good torsional resistance. Welded lugs ensure the strength of the connection nodes.

[0047] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the surface of the face mold structure is provided with a groove seat 15 and a pad. A first support rod 10 is inserted into the groove seat 15. A first double ear piece 17 is provided on the side wall of the groove seat 15. A second double ear piece 38 is symmetrically arranged on both side walls of the first support rod 10. A third double ear piece 28 is provided on the pad. The two ends of the second support rod 11 are pinned to the second double ear piece 38 and the third double ear piece 28 respectively via a first single ear piece 16. The inner walls of the two ends of the adjusting rod 12 are provided with internal threads with opposite directions of rotation. The two ends of the adjusting rod 12 are threadedly connected to the second single ear piece 23. The two ends of the adjusting rod 12 are pinned to the second double ear piece 38 on the first support rod 10 and the first double ear piece 17 on the groove seat 15 respectively via the second single ear piece 23.

[0048] Specifically, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the adjusting rod 12 has a locking hole 31 on its body, which is used to insert a reinforcing bar to lock the adjusting rod 12. In this embodiment, the adjusting rod 12 consists of an adjusting rod body 22 and a second single lug 23 with a joint. The adjusting rod body 22 is a round tube with a diameter of 5cm, a wall thickness of 0.5mm, and a length of 47.8cm, with both ends having forward and reverse spiral threads. The second single lug 23 with a joint is 18.5cm long and uses the same accessories as the first single lug 16, with a cylindrical joint threaded at the joint to match the forward and reverse spiral threads of the adjusting rod body 22. A locking hole 31 with a diameter of 2.2cm is reserved in the middle of the adjusting rod body 22. After the template is checked, a reinforcing bar is inserted through the locking hole 31 to lock the adjusting rod 12, reducing the displacement of the template under external force.

[0049] By setting the adjusting rod 12 to a rotary telescopic type, rotating the adjusting rod 12 allows for simultaneous extension and retraction of both ends, achieving tool-free, continuous, and precise length adjustment, and flexibly adjusting the slope of the formwork. The specific locking method for the adjusting rod 12 is as follows: after adjustment, ensure that the locking holes 31 of each layer of adjusting rod 12 are rotated to a horizontal position and aligned. Use reinforcing bars to penetrate all locking holes 31, with both ends of the reinforcing bars extending beyond the locking holes 31 on both sides of the formwork. This ensures the formwork is placed on a single plane, maintaining the flatness of the mortar surface, and also locks the adjusting rod 12, preventing construction vibrations from causing it to retract or loosen. This improves the long-term stability and safety of the formwork system under dynamic loads such as mortar pouring and compaction. In this embodiment, the formwork, the first support rod 10, the second support rod 11, and the adjusting rod 12 are all connected by pins. Pin connections not only enable rapid assembly and disassembly between the support rods and the formwork without welding or complex bolts, greatly reducing assembly and disassembly difficulty and improving construction efficiency, but also allow for angle adjustment of the lugs and pin structure, adapting to local unevenness on the slope and improving installation tolerance. Modular design facilitates factory prefabrication and on-site assembly, improving the standardization and efficiency of construction.

[0050] In some implementation schemes, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the faceplate structure includes a back plate 13, a first rib 14, and a second rib 18. The connector includes a U-shaped clip. The back plate 13 has a first rib 14 on its peripheral sidewall and a second rib 18 distributed horizontally and vertically on the back plate 13. The first rib 14 has multiple insertion holes 29. The two ends of the U-shaped clip pass through the insertion holes 29 of the first rib 14 on the adjacent back plates 13 to splice the adjacent back plates 13. The back plate 13 has multiple fixing holes 30 for inserting anchor bars 7 to fix the position of the back plate 13 on the slope.

[0051] The rigidity of the back plate 13 is enhanced by ribs to prevent large-area steel plates from buckling under load. The U-shaped clips and the insertion holes 29 are used to achieve quick, reliable and detachable connection between adjacent templates, replacing traditional bolts or welding.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, the back plate 13 has a length of 100cm, a width of 86cm, and a thickness of 0.3cm. The height of the first rib plate 14 and the second rib plate 18 is 4.7cm. The insertion hole 29 reserved on the first rib plate 14 is elliptical, similar to a standard track and field track, with a length of 2.1cm, a width of 1.4cm, and a semi-circular diameter of 1.4cm at both ends, which facilitates the assembly of the upper, lower, left, and right face molds using U-shaped clips.

[0053] Specifically, in this embodiment, the second rib plate 18 has 5 horizontally arranged ribs and 3 vertically arranged ribs. The spacing between the 1st and 2nd ribs and the 3rd and 4th ribs in the horizontal direction should be slightly larger than the width of the slot seat 15 to facilitate welding of the slot seat 15 to the second rib plate 18. Each face mold is provided with 2 slot seats 15 and 2 third double lugs 28. The slot seats 15 are located in the upper area of ​​the back plate 13, and the third double lugs 28 with pads are located in the lower area of ​​the back plate 13. The distance between the 2 slot seats 15 and the 2 third double lugs 28 with pads is 60cm, and the spacing between the slot seats 15 and the third double lugs 28 is 46.6cm.

[0054] Specifically, the slot 15 consists of a slot body and a first double lug 17. The slot body has a slot 26 that can be inserted and mated with the first support rod 10. The slot body is square with a diameter of 10cm×10cm, a wall thickness of 0.5cm, and a maximum height of 15.7cm. A pre-drilled hole 19 with a diameter of 2.4cm is provided 4cm from the top of the slot body. The total height of the third double lug 28 with a pad is 9.3cm, and the pad has a length of 10cm, a width of 10cm, and a height of 0.8cm. The lugs of the third double lug 28 are roughly triangular, with a semi-circular top, a thickness of 1.2cm, a bottom width of 7cm, and a round hole with a diameter of 2.2cm provided 6cm from the bottom. The net distance between the lugs is 2cm. The back plate 13 has a pre-drilled fixing hole 30 next to the third double ear piece 28 with a pad. The diameter of the fixing hole 30 is 1.6cm. After the mortar construction is completed, the anchor bar 7 is inserted to fix the surface formwork and provide good support for the next surface formwork.

[0055] In some implementation schemes, such as Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the bottom of the face mold structure is provided with a wedge plate 24. The wedge plate 24 has a trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The sides and the middle of the wedge plate 24 are provided with a third rib plate 25. The bottom of the wedge plate 24 is provided with a base plate 32. The wedge plate 24 and the face mold structure are both provided with corresponding fixing holes 30. The fixing holes 30 are used to pass through iron wires so that the wedge plate 24 can be connected to the face mold structure. The wedge plate 24 can provide support and limit the face mold structure.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, the wedge plate 24 has a trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with an upper opening width of 7cm and a lower opening width of 5cm to ensure that the mortar thickness is not less than 5cm. The planar width of the wedge plate 24 is 72cm. Third ribs 25 are provided on both sides, the bottom, and the middle of the wedge plate 24. The thickness of the third ribs 25 and the bottom plate 32 is 0.3cm. A fixing hole 30 is reserved 5cm from the top. The wedge plate 24 is placed under the face mold and is connected to the face mold by passing a wire through the fixing hole 30 of the wedge plate 24, the fixing hole 30 of the back plate 13, and the insertion hole 29 of the first rib 14. The wedge plate 24 provides temporary bottom support and limit before initial rolling to prevent the face mold from sliding or shifting. The trapezoidal design with a wider upper opening and narrower lower opening makes it easy to pull out and avoids damage to the poured mortar. The wire connection is simple and reliable, and can be quickly installed and removed.

[0057] When encountering tension and compression joints in the concrete panel, custom-made wooden molds can replace wedges 24, pre-reserving locations for waterstops in the concrete panel. These molds also serve as construction joints. After formwork replacement, mortar can be used to fill the joints, reducing mortar deformation and cracking caused by later dam settlement. This method ensures the compaction and shaping of the foundation material 2, and the pre-reserved waterstops function similarly to construction joints, reducing mortar surface cracks and deformation caused by later dam settlement.

[0058] In some implementation schemes, such as Figure 2 As shown, the fixing frame 33 includes a horizontal bar 35, a vertical bar 36, a vertical bar 34, and a diagonal bar 37. The horizontal bar 35 and the vertical bar 36 are spliced ​​together in a horizontal and vertical manner to form a grid-like support. The multi-layer grid-like support is connected by vertically arranged vertical bars 34. The vertical bar 36 that can support the support rod group is inserted inside the support rod group. The bottom of the vertical bar 36 in the grid-like support and the vertical bar 36 in the support rod group are all supported and connected by diagonally arranged diagonal bars 37.

[0059] Specifically, in this embodiment, the horizontal bars 35, longitudinal horizontal bars 36, vertical bars 34, and diagonal bars 37 are all made of steel pipes with a diameter of 4.8cm. The spacing of the horizontal bars 35 is 75cm, the horizontal spacing of the vertical bars 34 is 62cm, and the longitudinal spacing of the vertical bars 34 is 90cm. The longitudinal horizontal bars 36 are connected by diagonal bars 37, which are set at the lower part of the connection between the first support bar 10 and the second support bar 11 to hold the template. In this embodiment, anchor bars 7 are also driven into the pre-reserved insertion holes 29 on the first rib plate 14 at the bottom of the template to erect steel pipes to form a fixing frame 33, thereby supporting the bottom template 3, which plays a reinforcing role and reduces template displacement.

[0060] In some implementation schemes, such as Figure 2 and Figure 13 As shown, a guardrail base 27 is provided at the bottom of the surface of the face mold structure, and a safety guardrail 8 is installed on the guardrail base 27.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, the safety railing 8 is welded from steel pipes with a diameter of 4.8cm and a width of 195cm. It consists of three layers: the first layer of railings is 50cm high, the second layer is 85cm high, and the third layer is 120cm high, which can ensure the safety of construction operations.

[0062] The implementation principle of this novel flip-formwork slope stabilization template structure is as follows: On the back of each face mold, a triangular support frame is formed by a vertical first support rod 10, a diagonal second support rod 11, and a face mold back plate 13. This triangular structure resists loads such as mortar lateral pressure. An adjusting rod 12 connects the top of the first support rod 10 of the upper face mold to the bottom of the lower face mold, forming a cross-layer diagonal brace. Together with the two face molds, this constitutes a diagonal triangular stable structure within a spatial quadrilateral. This not only transfers loads but also forces adjacent face molds to deform in tandem, ensuring coplanarity.

[0063] In this structure, the three-layer formwork is connected together using the first support rod 10, the second support rod 11, and the adjusting rod 12 to form multiple triangular structures. This makes the three-layer formwork a unified whole, effectively transferring the stress on the top formwork 5 and reducing formwork deformation. The three-layer formwork includes the top formwork 5, the middle formwork 4, and the bottom formwork 3, ensuring that there are a maximum of three layers of formwork on the upstream slope of the rockfill dam, minimizing the amount of formwork used, reducing costs, and ensuring construction efficiency. The slope of the formwork can be adjusted using the adjusting rod 12. After adjustment, the adjusting rod 12 is locked with a locking rod to ensure that the formwork is on the same plane, improving the flatness of the mortar surface.

[0064] The bottom formwork is anchored to the already filled dam platform via a fixing frame 33. This fixing frame 33 bears the initial reaction force of the entire formwork system, significantly reducing reliance on the slope anchor bars 7 and avoiding cantilever instability. After the bottom formwork has fulfilled its function, the fixing frame 33 and the formwork of that layer are removed and transferred to the next layer for reuse. The quick-installation design, including U-shaped clips and pin connections, supports efficient assembly and disassembly, enabling multiple reuses of a single set of formwork.

[0065] The remaining anchor bars 7 after the formwork is turned can be used as reinforcement bars for the panel reinforcement in the later stage, which reduces the amount of steel bars used and speeds up the construction efficiency of the panel reinforcement.

[0066] Meanwhile, the back plate 13 and ribs in the face mold, the double-limb square tubes in the support rods, and the U-shaped clips, ear pieces, pins, and other components in the connectors are all standardized, prefabricated in the factory, and assembled on-site, reducing the amount of high-altitude work. The flip-formwork slope stabilization template has a high degree of modularity, the templates are uniform and easy to produce, and it is convenient to disassemble and assemble during construction, which can improve construction efficiency.

[0067] Example 2: This embodiment describes a construction method for a novel formwork-based slope stabilization structure, applied to the novel formwork-based slope stabilization structure described in Embodiment 1, and includes the following steps: S1. Install the first layer template, assemble the face mold structure and support rod group, and connect them with the fixing frame 33. Install the wedge plate 24 at the bottom of the face mold structure, lay the pad material 2, pour mortar after initial rolling, then pull out the wedge plate 24 for final rolling, and drive the anchor bar 7 into the pre-reserved insertion hole 29 on the face mold structure. Specifically, firstly, a fixing frame 33 is erected, with outer steel pipes supporting the upstream slope of the toe slab and inner steel pipes supporting the second rib 18. The bottom formwork 3, the first support rod 10, and the second support rod 11 are assembled together using pins. The bottom formwork 3 is connected using U-shaped clips. Anchor bars 7 are driven into the pre-drilled holes 19 in the lower rib and connected to the fixing frame 33, reliably fixing the first layer of formwork. Finally, the wedge plate 24 is connected to the bottom formwork 3. The accuracy of the formwork is checked using the adjusting rod 12. After passing the check, a reinforcing bar is inserted through the locking hole 31 to lock the adjusting rod 12. After the formwork is erected, the filling surface 9 first lays the bedding material 2, performs initial compaction, and then pours mortar. Then, the wedge plate 24 is removed, and anchor bars 7 are driven into the fixing holes 30 beside the third double-eared plate 28 with pads, followed by final compaction. The reliable method includes using the pre-drilled insertion holes 29 in the first rib 14 at the bottom of the formwork to drive anchor bars 7 to cooperate with the erection of the fixing frame 33.

[0068] S2. Install the second layer template, assemble the face mold structure and support rod group, connect it to the first layer template through U-shaped clips, install the adjusting parts, connect the adjusting parts to the support rod group in the first layer template, then install the wedge plate 24, lay the pad material 2, grout after initial rolling, then pull out the wedge plate 24 for final rolling, and drive the anchor bar 7 into the pre-reserved insertion hole 29 on the face mold structure. Specifically, the intermediate layer formwork 4, the first support rod 10, and the second support rod 11 are assembled together using pins. The intermediate layer formwork 4 is connected to the bottom layer formwork 3 using U-shaped clips. Then, the adjusting rod 12 is installed to connect the intermediate layer formwork 4 to the first support rod 10 in the first layer of formwork. Finally, the wedge plate 24 is installed, and the accuracy of the formwork is checked using the adjusting rod 12. After passing the check, the adjusting rod 12 is locked by inserting a reinforcing bar through the locking hole 31. After the formwork is erected, the bedding material 2 is laid first, initially rolled, and then mortar is poured. Then, the wedge plate 24 is removed, and the anchor bars 7 are driven into the pre-reserved fixing holes 30 next to the third double ear plate 28 with the pad. Finally, the formwork is rolled.

[0069] S3. Install the third layer template, and repeat step S2; S4. Flip the formwork, remove the fixing frame 33 and the first layer of formwork, and install the fourth layer of formwork. The installation method is the same as step S2. Start installing the safety guardrail 8 from the fourth layer of formwork. Repeat the above steps until the construction is completed.

[0070] Specifically, the fixing frame 33 is removed. The fixing frame 33 is only set up when the first layer of formwork is erected. Then, the first layer of formwork on the completed slope mortar surface 1 is removed. The process is carried out in the following order: removing the adjusting rod 12, removing the second support rod 11, removing the first support rod 10, removing the safety railing, and removing the U-shaped clips and the surface formwork. The installation method of the fourth layer of formwork is the same as step S2. The safety railing 8 is installed starting from the fourth layer of formwork. This process is repeated.

[0071] By pre-installing guardrail bases 27 at the bottom of the formwork and simultaneously installing safety guardrails 8 from the fourth layer onwards, the work platform rises synchronously with the construction surface. Safety protection is no longer an additional measure, but an integral part of the structure itself, achieving protection during construction.

[0072] By using joints such as pin-connected lugs, the back frame structure of the three-layer formwork is rigidly linked. Each layer of formwork, with its own surface structure, first support rod, and second support rod, forms a local triangular structure. Between adjacent layers, the upper first support rod, adjusting rod, and lower first support rod form a cross-layer triangular structure. The whole system constitutes a spatial truss-like multi-triangular stability system, which efficiently transmits axial force and suppresses bending moment and shear deformation. After each layer is installed, the slope and elevation are checked using adjusting rods to ensure that all three layers of formwork are on the designed slope, solving the problems of misalignment and bulging in traditional processes. When the top layer of formwork is subjected to mortar lateral pressure, rolling impact, or other loads, the load is transferred layer by layer downwards to the bottom fixed frame through the adjusting rods and support rod groups, rather than relying solely on single-layer anchorage.

[0073] By employing a three-layer cyclical formwork method, only three sets are needed to cover the entire elevation, enabling continuous upward construction without the need for separate formwork for each elevation. Compared to traditional independent formwork for each layer or full-span scaffolding, formwork investment is significantly reduced. Fixed frames are only used on the first layer, avoiding repeated erection and reducing costs. Standardized guardrail installation interfaces, i.e., guardrail bases, are integrated at the bottom of the formwork structure. Safety guardrails are installed simultaneously from the fourth layer onwards. At this point, the construction height has entered the high slope risk zone, and the guardrails rise synchronously with the formwork. Workers always operate on a protected platform, eliminating the need for additional scaffolding or safety nets, saving costs and providing reliable protection.

[0074] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel formwork structure for slope stabilization, characterized in that, include: The face formwork structure is located above the slope surface of the construction slope, and adjacent face formwork structures can be detachably spliced ​​together via connectors; The back frame structure (6) includes a support rod group and an adjusting member. The support rod group is located on the surface of the face mold structure. The two ends of the adjusting member are respectively connected to the support rod group on the adjacent face mold structure. The adjusting member can adjust the slope of the face mold structure by its own extension and retraction, so that the multi-face mold structure is coplanar. The fixing frame (33) is located outside the bottom surface structure. The fixing frame (33) is connected to the corresponding support rod group on the bottom surface structure and is used to provide a support foundation for the support rod group and the surface structure.

2. The novel formwork structure for slope stabilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support rod assembly includes a first support rod (10) and a second support rod (11). The adjusting member includes an adjusting rod (12) that can be telescopically adjusted. The top of the face mold structure is equipped with the first support rod (10). The top side wall of the first support rod (10) is connected to the surface of the face mold structure via the second support rod (11), so that the first support rod (10), the second support rod (11) and the face mold structure form a triangular structure. One end of the adjusting rod (12) is connected to the top side wall of the first support rod (10), and the other end of the adjusting rod (12) is connected to the bottom side wall of the adjacent first support rod (10), so that the first support rod (10), the adjusting rod (12) and the face mold structure form a triangular structure.

3. The novel formwork structure for slope stabilization according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface of the face mold structure is provided with a groove seat (15) and a pad. The first support rod (10) is inserted into the groove seat (15). The side wall of the groove seat (15) is provided with a first double ear piece (17). The two side walls of the first support rod (10) are provided with symmetrically arranged second double ear pieces (38). The pad is provided with a third double ear piece (28). The two ends of the second support rod (11) are respectively pinned to the second double ear piece (38) and the third double ear piece (28) via the first single ear piece (16). The inner walls of the two ends of the adjusting rod (12) are provided with internal threads with opposite directions of rotation. The two ends of the adjusting rod (12) are threadedly connected to the second single ear piece (23). The two ends of the adjusting rod (12) are respectively pinned to the second double ear piece (38) on the first support rod (10) and the first double ear piece (17) on the groove seat (15) via the second single ear piece (23).

4. The novel formwork structure for slope stabilization according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting rod (12) has a locking hole (31) on its body. The locking hole (31) is used to insert a steel bar to lock the adjusting rod (12).

5. A novel formwork structure for slope stabilization according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second support rod (11) adopts a double-limb tube type with a hollow center. Each limb is made of square tube, and the two ends of the two square tubes are welded with the first single ear piece (16) through steel plates. The first single ear piece (16) has a round hole.

6. The novel formwork structure for slope stabilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The faceplate structure includes a back plate (13), a first rib (14), and a second rib (18). The connector includes a U-shaped clip. The back plate (13) has a first rib (14) on its periphery sidewall and a second rib (18) distributed horizontally and vertically on the back plate (13). The first rib (14) has multiple insertion holes (29). The two ends of the U-shaped clip pass through the insertion holes (29) of the first rib (14) on the adjacent back plate (13) to splice the adjacent back plates (13). The back plate (13) has multiple fixing holes (30) for inserting anchor bars (7) to fix the position of the back plate (13) on the slope.

7. The novel formwork structure for slope stabilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the face mold structure is provided with a wedge plate (24), which is a trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The wedge plate (24) is provided with a third rib plate (25) on both sides and in the middle. The bottom of the wedge plate (24) is provided with a base plate (32). The wedge plate (24) and the face mold structure are both provided with corresponding fixing holes (30). The fixing holes (30) are used to pass through iron wires so that the wedge plate (24) can be connected to the face mold structure. The wedge plate (24) can provide support and limit the face mold structure.

8. The novel formwork structure for slope stabilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing frame (33) includes a horizontal bar (35), a vertical bar (36), a vertical bar (34), and a diagonal bar (37). The horizontal bar (35) and the vertical bar (36) are spliced ​​together in a horizontal and vertical manner to form a grid-like support. The multi-layer grid-like support is connected by vertically arranged vertical bars (34). The support rod group is provided with a vertical bar (36) that can support the support rod group. The bottom of the vertical bar (36) in the grid-like support and the vertical bar (36) in the support rod group are both supported and connected by diagonally arranged diagonal bars (37).

9. A novel formwork structure for slope stabilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the surface of the face mold structure is provided with a guardrail base (27), and a safety guardrail (8) is installed on the guardrail base (27).

10. A construction method for a novel formwork structure for slope stabilization according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Install the first layer template, assemble the face mold structure and support rod group, and connect them with the fixing frame (33). Install the wedge plate (24) at the bottom of the face mold structure, lay the pad material (2), grout after initial rolling, then pull out the wedge plate (24) for final rolling, and drive the anchor bar (7) into the pre-reserved insertion hole (29) on the face mold structure. S2. Install the second layer template, assemble the face template structure and support rod group, connect it to the first layer template through U-shaped clips, install the adjusting parts, connect the adjusting parts to the support rod group in the first layer template, then install the wedge plate (24), lay the pad material (2), grout after initial rolling, then pull out the wedge plate (24) for final rolling, and drive the anchor bar (7) into the pre-reserved insertion hole (29) on the face template structure. S3. Install the third layer template, and repeat step S2; S4. Flip the formwork, remove the fixing frame (33) and the first layer of formwork, and install the fourth layer of formwork. The installation method is the same as step S2. Start installing the safety guardrail (8) from the fourth layer of formwork. Repeat the above steps until the construction is completed.

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