Anchoring, spraying, lining, waterproofing and drainage integrated construction method for tunnel

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to an anchor-shotcrete-lining tunnel waterproof and drainage integrated construction method, which comprises the following steps: based on tunnel survey data and design parameters, three-dimensional collaborative models of a tunnel surrounding rock structure, an anchor-shotcrete-lining structure and a waterproof and drainage system are respectively established; the three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock structure, the three-dimensional model of the anchor-shotcrete-lining structure and the three-dimensional model of the waterproof and drainage system are fused and calibrated to form an integrated construction model; based on the integrated construction model, construction control parameters of each structure are output, and based on the construction control parameters, waterproof and drainage system prefabricated component processing and anchor-shotcrete-lining base material preparation are respectively carried out. Through surrounding rock permeability characteristics and structure analysis, the waterproof and drainage system can be reasonably optimized and designed, the adaptability and effectiveness of the waterproof and drainage system are improved, and through simulation of seepage paths under different working conditions, potential problems can be identified in advance, unexpected situations in the construction process can be avoided, and safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to an integrated construction method for waterproofing and drainage in anchor-sprayed lining tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Anchor-sprayed lining is a commonly used support structure in tunnels and underground engineering. It is mainly used to enhance the stability of the surrounding rock and prevent collapse and water seepage. This technology combines multiple construction methods such as anchor bolts, shotcrete, and lining.

[0003] Currently, traditional methods typically rely on two-dimensional drawings and experience for construction, making it difficult to accurately reflect the interrelationships between tunnel surrounding rock, anchor spraying lining, and drainage systems. This can lead to errors in the position and dimensions of components during construction. Furthermore, many traditional design methods fail to fully consider the permeability characteristics of the surrounding rock and lack systematic structural analysis, which can easily result in unreasonable drainage system designs and subsequent leakage problems. In addition, traditional construction methods have relatively weak monitoring of materials and processing, and the detection and correction of deviations are usually delayed, affecting the overall construction quality.

[0004] Furthermore, in traditional construction, the connection between the waterproof coating and the drainage network is often not tight enough, which can easily lead to loopholes in the waterproofing and drainage system and reduce the overall waterproofing capacity of the tunnel. In addition, traditional methods lack effective data recording and feedback mechanisms, and there are often no detailed structural deviation reports during later maintenance, resulting in untimely discovery and handling of problems. Due to the lack of modern technical means and integrated construction management, traditional methods often require a long construction cycle, resulting in waste of resources and increased costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for integrated construction of waterproofing and drainage in anchor-sprayed lining tunnels, comprising:

[0006] Based on tunnel survey data and design parameters, three-dimensional collaborative models of the tunnel surrounding rock structure, anchor spraying lining structure and waterproofing system were established respectively; the waterproofing system includes waterproof coating, three-dimensional drainage network and circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels.

[0007] The three-dimensional models of the surrounding rock structure, the anchor spray lining structure, and the drainage system are integrated and calibrated to form an integrated construction model.

[0008] Based on the integrated construction model, the construction control parameters of each structure are output, and based on the construction control parameters, the prefabricated components of the waterproofing and drainage system and the anchor spraying lining substrate are processed respectively.

[0009] During on-site construction, a waterproof coating is first sprayed onto the surrounding rock reference surface located by the integrated construction model. Then, a three-dimensional drainage network is installed simultaneously and connected and fixed to the waterproof coating. Subsequently, anchor spraying lining construction is carried out based on the measured positioning data after the installation of the waterproofing and drainage system. Finally, the longitudinal drainage channels of the connecting ring are used to form a complete waterproofing and drainage system.

[0010] Preferably, based on tunnel survey data and design parameters, three-dimensional collaborative models of the tunnel surrounding rock structure, anchor-sprayed lining structure, and drainage system are established, including:

[0011] Extract the permeability characteristics and geological stratification information of the surrounding rock from the tunnel exploration data, and discretize the surrounding rock structure into three-dimensional grid units adapted to construction simulation;

[0012] Based on the design thickness and strength parameters of the anchor-sprayed lining, a lining structure model matching the surrounding rock grid unit is constructed.

[0013] Based on the analysis results of the surrounding rock seepage path, the three-dimensional drainage network is optimized into a curved mesh structure that adapts to the contour of the surrounding rock. The waterproof coating is modeled according to the unfolding parameters of the surrounding rock surface. The circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels are optimized and modeled according to the flow direction of seepage water. Based on the optimization results, a three-dimensional collaborative model of each structure is generated.

[0014] Preferably, the three-dimensional models of the surrounding rock structure, the anchor-sprayed lining structure, and the drainage system are integrated and calibrated to form an integrated construction model, including:

[0015] Based on the coordinates of the grid cells of the three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock structure, the installation reference coordinates of each component of the drainage system and the pouring boundary coordinates of the anchor spray lining are mapped and determined.

[0016] By analyzing the cross-section of the three-dimensional collaborative model, the gap size between the drainage system and the anchor spray lining structure and the coordinates of the connection nodes are verified, and the relative positional constraints of each structure are determined.

[0017] The seepage path under different working conditions was simulated to verify the rationality of the drainage system layout. At the same time, the potential conflicts of each structural connection node were identified through interference check of the three-dimensional collaborative model. Based on the simulation verification results and interference check results, the parameters of each three-dimensional model were adjusted and optimized to form an integrated construction model.

[0018] Preferably, construction control parameters for each structure are output based on the integrated construction model. Based on these parameters, prefabricated components for the waterproofing and drainage system and the preparation of the anchor-sprayed lining substrate are carried out, including:

[0019] The surface contour parameters, connection node dimensions, and material performance parameters of each prefabricated component of the waterproofing and drainage system are extracted from the integrated construction model, and the parameters are converted into processing control data of the prefabricated components.

[0020] Based on the thickness distribution data and surrounding rock permeability pressure distribution data of the anchor-sprayed lining in the integrated construction model, the mix proportion parameters and additive dosage parameters of the anchor-sprayed lining substrate are determined to form substrate preparation control data.

[0021] Factory processing of prefabricated components for the waterproofing and drainage system is carried out based on prefabricated component processing control data, and mixing and preparation of anchor spraying lining substrate is carried out based on substrate preparation control data.

[0022] After processing and preparation, the actual dimensional parameters of the prefabricated components of the drainage system and the performance parameters of the anchor spray lining substrate are tested. The test data is fed back to the integrated construction model and compared with the design parameters in the integrated construction model to calculate the processing and preparation deviations.

[0023] Preferably, the prefabricated components for the waterproofing and drainage system are processed in the factory based on the prefabricated component processing control data. After processing, the process also includes:

[0024] Perform a full-size scan of the prefabricated components of the completed waterproofing and drainage system;

[0025] Obtain the actual three-dimensional shape data of the prefabricated components of the waterproofing and drainage system, import the actual three-dimensional shape data into the integrated construction model, and perform precise fitting and calibration with the three-dimensional model of the waterproofing and drainage system.

[0026] Preferably, during on-site construction, a waterproof coating is first sprayed onto the surrounding rock reference surface positioned by the integrated construction model, and then a three-dimensional drainage network is simultaneously installed and connected and fixed to the waterproof coating, including:

[0027] Based on the coordinate data of the surrounding rock reference surface output by the integrated construction model, positioning reference points are marked on the surface of the surrounding rock on site. Ground-penetrating radar is used to detect the density of the surrounding rock at the reference points. The detected density data of the surrounding rock is fed back to the integrated construction model to adjust the positioning parameters of the reference points.

[0028] Based on the adjusted benchmark positioning parameters, a waterproof coating is sprayed, and the laying tension data of the waterproof coating is detected by a tension testing device. The tension data is compared with the preset tension parameters in the integrated construction model, and the tension of the subbase is adjusted.

[0029] Based on the connection coordinate data of the three-dimensional drainage network and the waterproof coating in the integrated construction model, the fixed nodes of the three-dimensional drainage network are connected and fixed to the waterproof coating. The torque detection tool is used to detect the tightening torque data of the fixed nodes to ensure that the tightening torque meets the preset requirements of the model.

[0030] Preferably, anchor spraying lining construction is then carried out based on the measured positioning data after the installation of the drainage system, and finally the longitudinal drainage channel of the connecting ring is connected to form a complete drainage system, including:

[0031] Obtain the actual three-dimensional coordinate data of the drainage system after installation, import the actual three-dimensional coordinate data into the integrated construction model, compare it with the design coordinate data of the drainage system in the integrated construction model, and generate pouring boundary adjustment data.

[0032] Based on the data of the pouring boundary adjustment, the layer thickness parameters, spraying angle parameters and spraying pressure parameters of the anchor spraying construction are determined, and the layer construction of the anchor spraying lining is carried out.

[0033] After the anchor spraying lining construction is completed and reaches the design strength, based on the layout coordinate data of the ring longitudinal drainage channel in the integrated construction model and the actual three-dimensional coordinate data of the waterproofing and drainage system, the reserved interface position of the ring longitudinal drainage channel is located, and the ring longitudinal drainage channel is connected and docked with the three-dimensional drainage network.

[0034] After the connection is completed, a water pressure test is carried out to obtain the seepage flow data and pressure loss data of the drainage system. This data is then fed back to the integrated construction model to verify the drainage efficiency of the waterproofing and drainage system.

[0035] Preferably, after the connection is completed, a water pressure test is conducted to obtain seepage flow data and pressure loss data of the drainage system. This data is then fed back to the integrated construction model to verify the drainage efficiency of the waterproofing and drainage system. The process also includes:

[0036] A three-dimensional scan of the overall structure of the anchor-sprayed lining and waterproofing system is performed to obtain the actual three-dimensional shape data of the overall structure. This actual three-dimensional shape data is then fused and compared with the integrated construction model to generate an overall structural deviation report.

[0037] Based on the overall structural deviation report, the connection nodes of the waterproofing and drainage system and the weak parts of the anchor spray lining are reinforced. After the reinforcement is completed, the seepage flow data and structural strength data are tested again. The secondary test data is then imported into the integrated construction model to complete the final acceptance calibration.

[0038] Preferably, the adjustment logic for adjusting the tension of the subbase layer is as follows:

[0039] During the spraying process, a tension detection device is used to collect real-time tension data of the local coordinate section where the waterproof coating has been laid. The collected real-time tension data is compared point by point with the preset tension threshold range set for the local coordinate section in the integrated construction model. If the real-time tension data is lower than the lower limit of the preset tension threshold range, it is determined that there is a looseness defect in the local coordinate section. The tensioning stroke of the coating laying tensioning mechanism is increased to improve the laying tension of the local coordinate section.

[0040] If the real-time tension data is higher than the upper limit of the preset tension threshold range, it is determined that the local coordinate section has an over-tightness defect. The tensioning stroke of the laying tensioning mechanism is reduced to decrease the laying tension of the local coordinate section. The tension data acquisition, threshold comparison and tension adjustment steps are repeated until the real-time tension data of the local coordinate section falls within the preset tension threshold range.

[0041] Preferably, the parameters for layer thickness, spraying angle, and spraying pressure in the anchor spraying construction are determined, including:

[0042] After obtaining the pouring boundary adjustment data, the boundary offset values ​​of each construction section are obtained based on the data.

[0043] The boundary offset value is compared with the preset layer thickness grading threshold in the integrated construction model. Based on the comparison result, the anchor spray layer thickness parameter of the corresponding section is determined. The section with a larger absolute value of boundary offset corresponds to a smaller layer thickness parameter, and the section with a smaller absolute value of boundary offset corresponds to a larger layer thickness parameter.

[0044] Based on the local curvature change of the surrounding rock surface characterized by the boundary offset value, and combined with the preset spraying angle and curvature mapping relationship in the integrated construction model, the spraying angle parameters of each local area are determined so that the angle between the spraying direction and the normal direction of the surrounding rock surface is within the preset range.

[0045] Based on the determined layer thickness parameters and the design contour coordinates of the current section, the theoretical spraying distance between the nozzle of the spraying equipment and the sprayed surface is calculated. The theoretical spraying distance and layer thickness parameters are input into the integrated construction model, and the matching spraying pressure parameters are retrieved from the pressure parameter table built into the model. According to the determined layer thickness parameters, each construction section is divided into multiple spraying layers. Based on the generated spraying angle parameters and spraying pressure parameters, the anchor spraying lining spraying operation is carried out layer by layer from bottom to top until the cumulative thickness of each spraying layer reaches the design lining thickness requirement.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0047] (1) By establishing a three-dimensional collaborative model, this invention can accurately reflect the interrelationship between the tunnel surrounding rock, the anchor spray lining and the drainage system, thereby ensuring the accurate position and size of each component during construction; and by analyzing the permeability characteristics and structure of the surrounding rock, it can reasonably optimize the design of the drainage system, improve its adaptability and effectiveness, and reduce subsequent problems caused by unreasonable design; and by simulating the seepage path under different working conditions, potential problems can be identified in advance, avoiding unexpected situations during construction and improving safety.

[0048] (2) By detecting and providing feedback on prefabricated components and anchor spray lining substrates, the present invention can promptly identify and correct deviations in materials and processing, ensuring construction quality; and through integrated construction, it can effectively connect waterproof coatings, three-dimensional drainage networks and circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels to form a complete waterproofing and drainage system, improving the overall waterproofing capability of the tunnel; and through three-dimensional scanning and structural deviation reports, it can provide a basis for future maintenance, promptly identify problems and carry out reinforcement treatment, and extend the service life of the tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the overall method in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: an integrated construction method for waterproofing and drainage in anchor-sprayed lining tunnels, comprising:

[0052] S1. Based on tunnel survey data and design parameters, establish three-dimensional collaborative models of the tunnel surrounding rock structure, anchor spraying lining structure and drainage system respectively; among them, the drainage system includes waterproof coating, three-dimensional drainage network and circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels.

[0053] S2. The three-dimensional models of the surrounding rock structure, the anchor spraying lining structure, and the drainage system are integrated and calibrated to form an integrated construction model.

[0054] S3. Based on the integrated construction model, output the construction control parameters of each structure, and carry out the processing of prefabricated components of the waterproofing and drainage system and the preparation of anchor spraying lining substrate based on the construction control parameters.

[0055] S4. During on-site construction, first spray the waterproof coating on the surrounding rock reference surface based on the integrated construction model, then simultaneously install the three-dimensional drainage network and connect and fix the three-dimensional drainage network with the waterproof coating. Subsequently, anchor spraying lining construction is carried out based on the actual measurement and positioning data after the installation of the waterproofing and drainage system. Finally, the longitudinal drainage channel of the connecting ring is used to form a complete waterproofing and drainage system.

[0056] It should be noted that, firstly, a three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock is constructed using tunnel survey data, such as geotechnical engineering reports and geological profiles. This model needs to describe in detail the type, physical properties, and potential fissures of the surrounding rock. For example, in a tunnel project, the surrounding rock is mainly composed of hard granite, and the parameters in the model will reflect the bearing capacity and stability of this rock. Next, based on the design parameters, a three-dimensional model of the shotcrete support is established. This includes the number of anchor bolts, their arrangement, and the thickness and type of shotcrete. For example, if the design requires an anchor bolt to be installed every 1.5 meters, the model will include this design detail to ensure that construction work can be carried out according to this spacing.

[0057] Then, a three-dimensional model of the drainage system is established, covering the design of the waterproof coating, the three-dimensional drainage network, and the circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels. For example, for a tunnel located in a rainy area, the waterproof coating design may use high-performance waterproof materials, while the three-dimensional drainage network will use drainage pipes distributed on the tunnel sidewalls to more effectively remove accumulated water. The above three models are then integrated to form a comprehensive, unified construction model. This model can provide a comprehensive view before construction, ensuring the coordination between different structures. For example, during model calibration, if it is found that the actual situation of the surrounding rock does not match the design, the thickness of the shotcrete lining or the arrangement of the anchor bolts may be adjusted to cope with higher water pressure.

[0058] Based on the integrated construction model, construction control parameters for each structure are output. These parameters guide subsequent component processing and material preparation. For example, if the model indicates that a specific type of concrete is required for anchor-sprayed lining, the construction team will prepare the corresponding materials in advance based on this parameter. A waterproof coating is sprayed based on the surrounding rock reference surface determined by the integrated construction model. This process ensures that the waterproof coating can effectively prevent moisture from penetrating into the surrounding rock. For example, in actual operations, the construction team will use laser positioning technology to ensure the accuracy of the waterproof coating's laying height and position.

[0059] Next, a three-dimensional drainage network is installed and connected and fixed to the waterproof coating to ensure the integrity of the drainage system. For example, during the laying process, construction workers fix the drainage pipes in the predetermined positions and use sealing materials to ensure a seamless connection. Subsequently, based on the measured positioning data of the installed drainage system, anchor spraying lining construction is carried out. This step is crucial because it directly affects the tunnel's load-bearing capacity and safety. For example, during the anchor spraying process, workers adjust the pressure and speed of the sprayed concrete based on real-time monitoring data to ensure construction quality. Finally, the longitudinal drainage channels are connected to form a complete drainage system. This channel can effectively guide drainage and prevent water accumulation from damaging the structure. For example, after completion, the construction team will conduct a water flow test to ensure that the drainage channels are unobstructed and can effectively remove internal water.

[0060] The construction of a three-dimensional collaborative model can be achieved using a BIM (Building Information Modeling) platform or finite element analysis software (such as ANSYS, ABAQUS, etc.). The three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock structure is based on geological exploration data (such as borehole data, ground-penetrating radar images) and is divided into three-dimensional meshes. The mesh element type can be tetrahedral or hexahedral, and the element size is set according to the construction accuracy requirements, generally 0.5-1.0 meters.

[0061] In the 3D model of the drainage system, the waterproof coating is simulated using shell elements, and the material properties include the thickness, elastic modulus, and permeability coefficient of the waterproof membrane. The waterproof coating is either a polymer waterproof membrane or a sprayed waterproof coating, laid on the surface of the surrounding rock. The three-dimensional drainage network is composed of pipe elements, and its layout path is optimized based on the results of the surrounding rock permeability path analysis. The three-dimensional drainage network consists of longitudinal drainage pipes, transverse connecting pipes, and water collection wells, forming a three-dimensional drainage channel. The circumferential longitudinal drainage channel is set with a slope according to the water flow direction, and the slope value is generally not less than 0.5%. The circumferential longitudinal drainage channel is a drainage pipe arranged along the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the tunnel, connected to the three-dimensional drainage network, and finally flows into the tunnel drainage system.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, based on tunnel survey data and design parameters, a three-dimensional collaborative model of the tunnel surrounding rock structure, the anchor-sprayed lining structure, and the drainage system is established, including:

[0063] Extract the permeability characteristics and geological stratification information of the surrounding rock from the tunnel exploration data, and discretize the surrounding rock structure into three-dimensional grid units adapted to construction simulation;

[0064] Based on the design thickness and strength parameters of the anchor-sprayed lining, a lining structure model matching the surrounding rock grid unit is constructed.

[0065] Based on the analysis results of the surrounding rock seepage path, the three-dimensional drainage network is optimized into a curved mesh structure that adapts to the contour of the surrounding rock. The waterproof coating is modeled according to the unfolding parameters of the surrounding rock surface. The circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels are optimized and modeled according to the flow direction of seepage water. Based on the optimization results, a three-dimensional collaborative model of each structure is generated.

[0066] It should be noted that before construction begins, it is necessary to extract permeability data (such as permeability coefficient, aquifer location, etc.) and geological stratification information of the surrounding rock from the tunnel exploration data. This data helps to understand the hydrogeological conditions of the surrounding rock and the physical properties between different layers. For example, suppose a tunnel passes through a sandy layer area, and the exploration data shows that the permeability coefficient of this layer is high, which means that water can easily flow through this layer. In this case, the construction plan will need to take special consideration of waterproofing measures. Based on the extracted surrounding rock information, the surrounding rock structure is discretized into three-dimensional mesh units adapted to the construction simulation. This process enables the model to more accurately reflect the actual surrounding rock conditions, laying the foundation for subsequent construction and analysis. For example, during the discretization process, the surrounding rock is divided into multiple small units, such as soil layers, rock layers, etc., according to different geological levels and permeability characteristics. Different units have different physical properties.

[0067] Based on the thickness and strength parameters of the anchor-sprayed lining design, a lining structure model matching the surrounding rock grid unit is constructed. The lining model needs to consider the interaction with the surrounding rock to ensure the effectiveness of the support. For example, assuming the design requires a lining thickness of 30 cm and a strength of C30 concrete, then in the model, each lining unit in contact with the surrounding rock unit should be set with the corresponding thickness and strength to ensure the required bearing capacity in actual construction. Based on the seepage path analysis results of the surrounding rock, the three-dimensional drainage network is optimized into a curved grid structure that adapts to the contour of the surrounding rock. This optimization allows the drainage system to guide water flow more effectively and reduce the risk of water inrush. For example, if the seepage analysis shows that the water flow is mainly along a certain direction, the layout of the drainage network will be adjusted to be arranged along this direction to improve drainage efficiency and reduce the impact of water flow on the tunnel structure.

[0068] The modeling of the waterproof coating should be based on the surface development parameters of the surrounding rock, and the layout path of the circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels should be optimized according to the flow direction of seepage water. This ensures that the water can be discharged smoothly and avoids damage to the tunnel. For example, in a certain section of the tunnel, due to the irregularity of the surrounding rock surface, the waterproof coating may need to use flexible materials to adapt to these curved surfaces. At the same time, the circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels should also be laid out along the direction of water flow to achieve the best drainage effect. Finally, based on the optimization results of the above steps, a three-dimensional collaborative model of each structure is generated. This model will integrate the surrounding rock structure, anchor spraying lining, three-dimensional drainage network, waterproof coating, and circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels, so that the entire construction process can be managed and simulated on a unified platform. For example, the generated collaborative model can be used for construction simulation to help the construction team identify potential problems before actual operation, such as insufficient drainage or unstable support, and thus develop countermeasures in advance.

[0069] In an optional embodiment, the three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock structure, the three-dimensional model of the anchor-sprayed lining structure, and the three-dimensional model of the drainage system are fused and calibrated to form an integrated construction model, including:

[0070] Based on the coordinates of the grid cells of the three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock structure, the installation reference coordinates of each component of the drainage system and the pouring boundary coordinates of the anchor spray lining are mapped and determined.

[0071] By analyzing the cross-section of the three-dimensional collaborative model, the gap size between the drainage system and the anchor spray lining structure and the coordinates of the connection nodes are verified, and the relative positional constraints of each structure are determined.

[0072] The seepage path under different working conditions was simulated to verify the rationality of the drainage system layout. At the same time, the potential conflicts of each structural connection node were identified through interference check of the three-dimensional collaborative model. Based on the simulation verification results and interference check results, the parameters of each three-dimensional model were adjusted and optimized to form an integrated construction model.

[0073] It should be noted that, based on the 3D model of the surrounding rock structure, the first step is to determine the installation reference coordinates of each component in the drainage system (such as drainage pipes, sump pits, etc.). These coordinates will ensure that each component can be accurately installed during actual construction. For example, assuming that a drainage pipe needs to be installed 2 meters above the ground in the tunnel model, its specific installation position can be determined by calculating its coordinates in the 3D model, thus enabling accurate positioning during construction. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the pouring boundary coordinates of the anchor-sprayed lining. These coordinates will help the construction team ensure that the concrete pouring does not exceed the specified boundaries and maintains the design specifications. For example, if the pouring boundary of the anchor-sprayed lining is a rectangular area, the construction team can obtain the coordinates of the four vertices of the rectangle through the 3D model and use them as a reference during pouring.

[0074] By performing cross-sectional analysis on the 3D collaborative model, the gap dimensions between the drainage system and the anchor-sprayed lining structure, as well as the coordinates of the connection nodes, can be checked. This process helps confirm whether the relative positional relationships between the various structures meet the design requirements. For example, if the cross-sectional analysis reveals insufficient gap between the drainage pipe and the anchor-sprayed lining, it may lead to poor drainage. In this case, the height or position of the pipe needs to be adjusted to ensure sufficient working space. Simulating the seepage path under different working conditions can help verify whether the layout of the drainage system is reasonable. By observing the behavior of water flow in the model, the effectiveness of the drainage system can be evaluated. For example, if the model simulates seepage under heavy rainfall and it is found that the water flow fails to pass smoothly through the drainage pipe and instead accumulates at a certain location, it indicates that the layout of the drainage system needs to be adjusted.

[0075] Interference checks using a 3D collaborative model can identify potential conflicts at structural connection points. For example, anchor bolts may intersect with drainage pipes, affecting construction quality and safety. If an anchor bolt is found to have passed through a drainage pipe during the interference check, the anchor bolt arrangement needs to be redesigned to avoid conflict. Based on simulation verification results and interference check findings, the parameters of each 3D model are adjusted and optimized, ultimately forming an integrated construction model. This model will more effectively guide actual construction, ensuring efficient collaboration between the drainage system and the anchor-sprayed lining. For example, after multiple adjustments, it might be decided to increase the diameter of the drainage pipe to improve drainage capacity, while simultaneously changing the anchor bolt arrangement angle to avoid interference. Ultimately, the optimized model becomes the basis for construction.

[0076] In an optional embodiment, construction control parameters for each structure are output based on an integrated construction model. Based on these parameters, prefabricated components for the drainage and waterproofing system and the preparation of the anchor-sprayed lining substrate are then carried out, including:

[0077] The surface contour parameters, connection node dimensions, and material performance parameters of each prefabricated component of the waterproofing and drainage system are extracted from the integrated construction model, and the parameters are converted into processing control data of the prefabricated components.

[0078] Based on the thickness distribution data and surrounding rock permeability pressure distribution data of the anchor-sprayed lining in the integrated construction model, the mix proportion parameters and additive dosage parameters of the anchor-sprayed lining substrate are determined to form substrate preparation control data.

[0079] Factory processing of prefabricated components for the waterproofing and drainage system is carried out based on prefabricated component processing control data, and mixing and preparation of anchor spraying lining substrate is carried out based on substrate preparation control data.

[0080] After processing and preparation, the actual dimensional parameters of the prefabricated components of the drainage system and the performance parameters of the anchor spray lining substrate are tested. The test data is fed back to the integrated construction model and compared with the design parameters in the integrated construction model to calculate the processing and preparation deviations.

[0081] It should be noted that, from the integrated construction model, the surface contour parameters, connection node dimensions, and material performance parameters of each precast component of the drainage system are first extracted. These parameters can be converted into processing control data for the precast components to facilitate subsequent factory processing. For example, assuming the drainage system includes multiple drainage channels of different shapes and sizes, the surface contour of a certain drainage channel is extracted from the model as a specific geometric shape, and the dimension of its connection is determined to be 10 cm. This data will be converted into machining instructions for CNC machine tools to ensure precise manufacturing in the factory. Based on the anchor-sprayed lining thickness distribution data and surrounding rock seepage pressure distribution data in the integrated construction model, the mix proportion parameters and additive dosage parameters of the anchor-sprayed lining substrate can be determined. This data will be used to form control data for substrate preparation. For example, if the model shows that the anchor-sprayed lining thickness is 30 cm in a certain section of the tunnel, and the surrounding rock seepage pressure is high, it may be necessary to adjust the concrete mix proportion, such as increasing the proportion of cement and adding an anti-seepage agent. These mix proportion and dosage parameters will be recorded to provide guidance for subsequent substrate preparation.

[0082] Based on the extracted precast component processing control data, the precast components for the waterproofing and drainage system are processed in the factory. Simultaneously, the anchor-sprayed lining substrate is prepared according to the substrate preparation control data. For example, the factory manufactures components such as drainage channels and collection wells based on the processing control data, ensuring they meet design standards. At the same time, the concrete required for the anchor-sprayed lining is prepared by mixing cement, aggregates, and additives according to the previously determined mix proportions. After processing and preparation, the actual dimensional parameters of the precast waterproofing and drainage system components and the performance parameters of the anchor-sprayed lining substrate need to be tested. This step is crucial for ensuring quality. For example, during testing, it was found that the actual length of a drainage channel was 99 cm, while the designed length was 100 cm. The substrate strength test results showed that it met the standards. These test results will be used as feedback data.

[0083] The test data is fed back into the integrated construction model and compared with the design parameters in the model to calculate the deviations in processing and preparation. Through this process, problems can be identified and corrected in a timely manner to ensure the accuracy of construction. For example, if a deviation of 1 cm is found in a component during the comparison, it can be determined whether reprocessing or on-site adjustment is required. At the same time, if the strength of the base material meets the requirements, subsequent construction can continue to ensure the quality of the overall project.

[0084] In an optional embodiment, the prefabricated components of the waterproofing and drainage system are processed in a factory based on prefabricated component processing control data. After processing is completed, the process further includes:

[0085] Perform a full-size scan of the prefabricated components of the completed waterproofing and drainage system;

[0086] Obtain the actual three-dimensional shape data of the prefabricated components of the waterproofing and drainage system, import the actual three-dimensional shape data into the integrated construction model, and perform precise fitting and calibration with the three-dimensional model of the waterproofing and drainage system.

[0087] It should be noted that after the processing is completed, the prefabricated components of the waterproofing and drainage system are first scanned in full size. This step uses a high-precision 3D scanning instrument to obtain the actual 3D shape data of the components, including their outline, size and surface features. For example, assuming that a drainage channel has been processed, the worker places it on the scanner for full-size scanning. The scanner quickly obtains all the geometric features of the drainage channel, including length, width, height and any subtle surface changes.

[0088] After scanning, the system generates a digital model containing all point cloud data, which accurately reflects the actual shape of the component. This data can include point cloud files or other formats for easy subsequent processing and analysis. For example, the point cloud data of the drainage ditch obtained after scanning may show that its actual length is 99.5 cm, width is 20.3 cm, and height is 15.8 cm. This data will be used for the next step of calibration. Importing the acquired actual three-dimensional shape data into the integrated construction model usually requires the use of specific software to ensure seamless connection between the two. For example, when the operator uploads the scanned drainage ditch data to the integrated construction model software, the software will display the overlap between the component and the original design model.

[0089] Once the actual data is imported, it needs to be compared with the 3D design model of the drainage system for precise fitting and calibration. This process helps identify differences between the actual components and the design, ensuring compliance with design standards. For example, during the fitting and calibration process, the software compares the point cloud data of the actual drainage channel with the design model. If a deviation of a part of the actual component exceeds the allowable range (e.g., inconsistent edge curvature), the system will mark these problematic areas and indicate the need for correction or adjustment. If problems are found during calibration, engineers can make necessary adjustments based on the actual shape data. This feedback mechanism ensures that each prefabricated component is perfectly integrated into the overall structure. For example, if the calibration results show a significant deviation at the joint of a prefabricated component, engineers may decide to make local corrections to the component or take measures during on-site construction to compensate for the deviation, ensuring the overall functionality and safety of the drainage system.

[0090] In an optional embodiment, during on-site construction, a waterproof coating is first sprayed onto the surrounding rock reference surface located by the integrated construction model, and then a three-dimensional drainage network is simultaneously installed and connected and fixed to the waterproof coating, including:

[0091] Based on the coordinate data of the surrounding rock reference surface output by the integrated construction model, positioning reference points are marked on the surface of the surrounding rock on site. Ground-penetrating radar is used to detect the density of the surrounding rock at the reference points. The detected density data of the surrounding rock is fed back to the integrated construction model to adjust the positioning parameters of the reference points.

[0092] Based on the adjusted benchmark positioning parameters, a waterproof coating is sprayed, and the laying tension data of the waterproof coating is detected by a tension testing device. The tension data is compared with the preset tension parameters in the integrated construction model, and the tension of the subbase is adjusted.

[0093] Based on the connection coordinate data of the three-dimensional drainage network and the waterproof coating in the integrated construction model, the fixed nodes of the three-dimensional drainage network are connected and fixed to the waterproof coating. The torque detection tool is used to detect the tightening torque data of the fixed nodes to ensure that the tightening torque meets the preset requirements of the model.

[0094] In an optional embodiment, the adjustment logic for adjusting the tension of the underlayment is as follows:

[0095] During the spraying process, a tension detection device is used to collect real-time tension data of the local coordinate section where the waterproof coating has been laid. The collected real-time tension data is compared point by point with the preset tension threshold range set for the local coordinate section in the integrated construction model. If the real-time tension data is lower than the lower limit of the preset tension threshold range, it is determined that there is a looseness defect in the local coordinate section. The tensioning stroke of the coating laying tensioning mechanism is increased to improve the laying tension of the local coordinate section.

[0096] If the real-time tension data is higher than the upper limit of the preset tension threshold range, it is determined that the local coordinate section has an over-tightness defect. The tensioning stroke of the laying tensioning mechanism is reduced to decrease the laying tension of the local coordinate section. The tension data acquisition, threshold comparison and tension adjustment steps are repeated until the real-time tension data of the local coordinate section falls within the preset tension threshold range.

[0097] It should be noted that, based on the surrounding rock reference surface coordinate data output by the integrated construction model, positioning reference points are marked on the surface of the surrounding rock on site. These reference points are important references for subsequent construction. For example, assuming the reference surface coordinates given by the integrated construction model are at a specific location within a section of the tunnel (e.g., X: 10 meters, Y: 5 meters, Z: 3 meters), the construction team will mark a clear reference point at this location using a laser marker. At these reference points, ground-penetrating radar is used to test the density of the surrounding rock to assess whether the surrounding rock meets the construction requirements. For example, at the marked reference point, the operator uses ground-penetrating radar to scan the surrounding rock, and the result shows that the density of the area is 85%, which may be lower than the expected standard (e.g., 90%), indicating that measures need to be taken to enhance the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0098] The detected rock density data is fed back to the integrated construction model, and the positioning parameters of the benchmark points are adjusted based on the feedback data. This process ensures that subsequent construction is carried out on a more stable foundation. For example, if the radar shows that the rock density in a certain area is low, the position of the benchmark point may be adjusted and moved to a place with higher density to ensure that the surrounding conditions are more ideal during construction. Based on the adjusted benchmark positioning parameters, the waterproof coating is laid to ensure that it covers the entire area that needs waterproofing. For example, within the adjusted benchmark range, the construction team lays the waterproof coating material according to the design to ensure that it is uniform and seamless.

[0099] Using tension testing equipment to measure the tension of the laid waterproof coating ensures proper tension during construction. For example, if the construction team measures the coating tension to be 300 Newtons, this value is then compared to a preset tension parameter (e.g., 350 Newtons) in the integrated construction model. If the actual tension data does not match the preset parameter, the tension of the waterproof coating needs to be adjusted to meet design requirements. For example, if insufficient tension is found, the construction workers may retighten the waterproof coating by increasing the tension at the anchor points to achieve the required standard.

[0100] Based on the connection coordinate data of the three-dimensional drainage network and waterproof coating in the integrated construction model, the fixed nodes of the three-dimensional drainage network are connected and fixed to the waterproof coating. For example, according to the data in the model, the construction team installs the fixed nodes of the drainage pipes on the waterproof coating to ensure effective connection between the drainage system and the waterproof coating and avoid water leakage. The tightening torque of the fixed nodes is measured using a torque measuring tool to ensure that it meets the preset requirements of the model. This process is to ensure the stability and reliability of the structure. For example, after the fixing is completed, the torque detected by the torque wrench is 40 N·m, which is slightly insufficient compared with the preset value (45 N·m) in the integrated construction model. Therefore, the construction personnel need to tighten it again to ensure that the safety standard is met.

[0101] In an optional embodiment, anchor-sprayed lining construction is then carried out based on measured positioning data after the installation of the drainage system, and finally, the longitudinal drainage channels of the connecting ring are used to form a complete drainage system, including:

[0102] Obtain the actual three-dimensional coordinate data of the drainage system after installation, import the actual three-dimensional coordinate data into the integrated construction model, compare it with the design coordinate data of the drainage system in the integrated construction model, and generate pouring boundary adjustment data.

[0103] Based on the data of the pouring boundary adjustment, the layer thickness parameters, spraying angle parameters and spraying pressure parameters of the anchor spraying construction are determined, and the layer construction of the anchor spraying lining is carried out.

[0104] After the anchor spraying lining construction is completed and reaches the design strength, based on the layout coordinate data of the ring longitudinal drainage channel in the integrated construction model and the actual three-dimensional coordinate data of the waterproofing and drainage system, the reserved interface position of the ring longitudinal drainage channel is located, and the ring longitudinal drainage channel is connected and docked with the three-dimensional drainage network.

[0105] After the connection is completed, a water pressure test is carried out to obtain the seepage flow data and pressure loss data of the drainage system. This data is then fed back to the integrated construction model to verify the drainage efficiency of the waterproofing and drainage system.

[0106] In an optional embodiment, determining the layer thickness parameters, spraying angle parameters, and spraying pressure parameters for the anchor spraying construction includes:

[0107] After obtaining the pouring boundary adjustment data, the boundary offset values ​​of each construction section are obtained based on the data.

[0108] The boundary offset value is compared with the preset layer thickness grading threshold in the integrated construction model. Based on the comparison result, the anchor spray layer thickness parameter of the corresponding section is determined. The section with a larger absolute value of boundary offset corresponds to a smaller layer thickness parameter, and the section with a smaller absolute value of boundary offset corresponds to a larger layer thickness parameter.

[0109] Based on the local curvature change of the surrounding rock surface characterized by the boundary offset value, and combined with the preset spraying angle and curvature mapping relationship in the integrated construction model, the spraying angle parameters of each local area are determined so that the angle between the spraying direction and the normal direction of the surrounding rock surface is within the preset range.

[0110] Based on the determined layer thickness parameters and the design contour coordinates of the current section, the theoretical spraying distance between the nozzle of the spraying equipment and the sprayed surface is calculated. The theoretical spraying distance and layer thickness parameters are input into the integrated construction model, and the matching spraying pressure parameters are retrieved from the pressure parameter table built into the model. According to the determined layer thickness parameters, each construction section is divided into multiple spraying layers. Based on the generated spraying angle parameters and spraying pressure parameters, the anchor spraying lining spraying operation is carried out layer by layer from bottom to top until the cumulative thickness of each spraying layer reaches the design lining thickness requirement.

[0111] In a specific embodiment, after acquiring the pouring boundary adjustment data, the boundary offset values ​​of each construction section are obtained based on this data. The boundary offset is in millimeters and represents the difference in normal distance between the actual contour and the design contour after the installation of the drainage system. This boundary offset value is compared with the preset layer thickness grading thresholds in the integrated construction model. The layer thickness grading thresholds are set according to preset grading standards: the first threshold range corresponds to sections with an absolute boundary offset value less than or equal to 15 mm; the second threshold range corresponds to sections with an absolute boundary offset value greater than 15 mm and less than or equal to 30 mm; and the third threshold range corresponds to sections with an absolute boundary offset value greater than 30 mm. Based on the comparison results, the anchor spray layer thickness parameters for the corresponding sections are determined. Sections falling within the third threshold range correspond to smaller layer thickness parameters, and sections falling within the first threshold range correspond to larger layer thickness parameters. The layer thickness parameters are specifically calculated and determined according to the following formula:

[0112] ;

[0113] In the formula This refers to the thickness parameter of the anchor spray layer, in millimeters. The base layer thickness value is set to 80 mm according to tunnel design specifications; This is the thickness adjustment coefficient; when the absolute value of the segment boundary offset falls within the first-level threshold range... When the value is 1.0, it falls within the second-level threshold range. When the value is 0.75, it falls within the third-level threshold range. The value is 0.5.

[0114] Based on the local curvature change of the surrounding rock surface characterized by the boundary offset value, the curvature radius value of each local area is calculated, with the curvature radius in millimeters. This curvature radius value is input into the integrated construction model, and the matching spraying angle parameter is retrieved from the preset spraying angle and curvature mapping table in the model, so that the angle between the spraying direction and the normal direction of the surrounding rock surface is within the preset range of 5 degrees to 15 degrees. The spraying angle and curvature mapping table is pre-constructed according to the mapping logic that the larger the curvature radius, the smaller the spraying angle. The specific mapping relationship is generated by field test calibration based on the principle of minimizing the rebound rate of shotcrete.

[0115] Based on the determined layer thickness parameters and the design contour coordinates of the current section, the theoretical spraying distance between the nozzle of the spraying equipment and the sprayed surface is calculated. The theoretical spraying distance is determined according to the following formula:

[0116] ;

[0117] In the formula The theoretical spray distance is in millimeters. The baseline spraying distance is set to 1000 mm based on the performance parameters of the spraying equipment; This refers to the thickness parameter of the anchor spray layer, in millimeters. The reference layer thickness is expressed in millimeters. This formula is designed based on the physical law that spraying distance and layer thickness are positively correlated. That is, when the layer thickness is large, the spraying distance can be appropriately increased to ensure effective embedding of concrete and surrounding rock, and when the layer thickness is small, the spraying distance can be appropriately decreased to improve spraying accuracy.

[0118] The theoretical spraying distance and layer thickness parameters are input into the integrated construction model, and the matching spraying pressure parameters are retrieved from the built-in pressure parameter table of the model. The pressure parameter table is pre-constructed according to the combination range of spraying distance and layer thickness. The specific matching logic is based on the negative correlation between spraying kinetic energy and spraying distance derived from Bernoulli's equation and the positive correlation between concrete mixture transport resistance and layer thickness. It is generated through multi-condition orthogonal test calibration to ensure that the retrieved spraying pressure parameters can enable the concrete mixture to maintain appropriate density and adhesion when it reaches the sprayed surface.

[0119] Each construction section is divided into multiple spraying layers according to the determined layer thickness parameters. Each spraying layer corresponds to one continuous spraying operation, and the cumulative thickness of each spraying layer is equal to the layer thickness parameter of that section. Based on the generated spraying angle parameters and spraying pressure parameters, the anchor spraying lining operation is carried out layer by layer from bottom to top. After completing a spraying layer, an ultrasonic thickness gauge is used to detect the actual thickness of the layer. The actual thickness detection data is fed back to the integrated construction model in real time and compared with the design layer thickness parameters to generate a thickness deviation value. If the thickness deviation value exceeds the preset deviation threshold range, the spraying angle parameters or spraying pressure parameters of the next spraying layer are dynamically corrected according to the magnitude of the deviation value until the cumulative thickness of each spraying layer reaches the design lining thickness requirement.

[0120] It should be noted that after the drainage system is installed, three-dimensional measuring equipment (such as a laser scanner) is used to obtain the actual three-dimensional coordinate data of the drainage system. This data reflects the actual location of the system on the construction site. For example, assuming that the actual coordinate data of the drainage pipe obtained by laser scanning is (X: 15 meters, Y: 6 meters, Z: 2 meters), the obtained actual three-dimensional coordinate data is imported into the integrated construction model and compared with the drainage system coordinate data set during the design phase to identify any deviations. For example, if the design coordinates of the drainage system in the model are (X: 14 meters, Y: 6 meters, Z: 2 meters), then the comparison reveals a horizontal deviation of 1 meter in the actual location.

[0121] Based on the difference between the actual coordinates and the design coordinates, corresponding pouring boundary adjustment data is generated. This adjustment data helps determine the modifications needed for subsequent construction to ensure a perfect fit of the entire structure. For example, the generated pouring boundary adjustment data may indicate the need to extend the pouring boundary in certain areas to accommodate the actual location of the drainage system. Based on the generated pouring boundary adjustment data, the construction team needs to determine parameters such as the layer thickness, spraying angle, and spraying pressure for the anchor-sprayed lining construction. These parameters affect the quality and effect of the construction. For example, after analysis, it is decided that the layer thickness is 10 cm, the spraying angle is 25 degrees, and the spraying pressure is set to 0.5 MPa.

[0122] The anchor-sprayed lining is constructed in layers according to the determined parameters. This process requires strict quality control of each layer to ensure the final concrete strength and stability. For example, the construction team begins by spraying concrete layer by layer according to the set thickness and allows for full curing between each layer to ensure the overall structural strength. After the anchor-sprayed lining is completed and reaches the design strength, the reserved interface positions of the circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels are accurately located based on the layout coordinate data of the circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels in the integrated construction model and the actual three-dimensional coordinate data of the waterproofing and drainage system. For example, by comparison, the reserved interface of the circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels connected to the waterproofing and drainage system is found to ensure that it is interconnected with the installed waterproofing and drainage system.

[0123] Effective connection and integration of the circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels with the three-dimensional drainage network ensures unobstructed water flow. For example, during construction, the circumferential and longitudinal drainage pipes and the pipes of the three-dimensional drainage system are securely connected together through welding or other connection methods. After the connection is completed, a water pressure test is conducted to obtain data on the drainage system's seepage flow and pressure loss. These data are important indicators for evaluating the performance of the drainage system. For example, the test showed a seepage flow of 500 liters per hour and a pressure loss of 10 Pa, demonstrating the efficiency of the drainage system during operation. The experimental data is fed back to the integrated construction model to verify the drainage efficiency of the waterproofing and drainage system. By comparing the actual test results with the design standards, it is determined whether the system is operating well. For example, if the test data shows that the seepage flow and pressure loss are within the design tolerances, the construction team can confirm that the design of the waterproofing and drainage system is consistent with the actual effect, thus meeting the project requirements.

[0124] In an optional embodiment, after the docking is completed, a water pressure test is conducted to obtain seepage flow data and pressure loss data of the drainage system. This data is then fed back to the integrated construction model to verify the drainage efficiency of the waterproofing and drainage system. The process further includes:

[0125] A three-dimensional scan of the overall structure of the anchor-sprayed lining and waterproofing system is performed to obtain the actual three-dimensional shape data of the overall structure. This actual three-dimensional shape data is then fused and compared with the integrated construction model to generate an overall structural deviation report.

[0126] Based on the overall structural deviation report, the connection nodes of the waterproofing and drainage system and the weak parts of the anchor spray lining are reinforced. After the reinforcement is completed, the seepage flow data and structural strength data are tested again. The secondary test data is then imported into the integrated construction model to complete the final acceptance calibration.

[0127] It should be noted that a high-precision 3D laser scanner is used to comprehensively scan the anchor-sprayed lining and drainage system. This process generates a detailed 3D model of the entire structure, reflecting its actual shape. For example, assuming the scanned data indicates that the entire tunnel is 500 meters long, 6 meters high, and 4 meters wide, and records specific surface details such as the location of anchor points and the layout of drainage pipes, the acquired actual 3D morphological data is then fused and compared with the pre-designed integrated construction model. This process helps identify deviations between the actual structure and the design model. For example, the comparison reveals that the anchor-sprayed lining thickness in some areas is insufficient, with an actual thickness of 25 centimeters while the designed thickness is 30 centimeters. This deviation requires further processing.

[0128] Based on the comparison results, a structural overall deviation report is generated, pointing out all discovered deviations and potential problems. This report will provide a basis for subsequent reinforcement work. For example, the deviation report lists several key nodes, such as a 10-degree deviation in the installation angle of the drainage pipe in a specific section, which may affect its drainage effect. According to the deviation report, reinforcement measures are implemented at the connection nodes of the drainage system and weak points of the anchor-sprayed lining. This may include increasing the thickness of the concrete and strengthening the fixation of the anchor points. For example, at the detected weak points, the construction team decided to add a 5-centimeter concrete cover layer and add additional support structures at the nodes connected to the drainage system to enhance its stability.

[0129] After reinforcement is completed, a second test is conducted to measure seepage flow and structural strength data. This process ensures the effectiveness of the reinforcement measures and improves the safety and functionality of the structure. For example, the seepage flow test after reinforcement showed a new seepage flow of 300 liters per hour, a reduction of 200 liters from the previous flow, indicating an improvement in the performance of the drainage system. Simultaneously, the structural strength test showed that the reinforced strength met design requirements. The second test data is then fed back into the integrated construction model to ensure that all updated data is reflected in the final model. This step is crucial for final acceptance calibration. For example, finally, the construction team inputs the updated seepage flow and strength data into the integrated model to ensure that all parameters are calibrated and meet design standards, providing assurance for subsequent use.

[0130] After the above steps, the project team can conduct the final acceptance calibration to confirm the safety and effectiveness of the entire structure. At this point, all deviations have been corrected and the facility is ready for use. For example, during the final acceptance, the inspection team confirms that all data meet the standards and formally approves the construction quality of the tunnel drainage system and the anchor spray lining, allowing it to enter the next stage of operation.

[0131] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrated construction of waterproofing and drainage in anchor-sprayed lining tunnels, characterized in that, include: Based on tunnel survey data and design parameters, three-dimensional collaborative models of the tunnel surrounding rock structure, anchor spraying lining structure and waterproofing system were established respectively; the waterproofing system includes waterproof coating, three-dimensional drainage network and circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels. The three-dimensional models of the surrounding rock structure, the anchor spray lining structure, and the drainage system are integrated and calibrated to form an integrated construction model. Based on the integrated construction model, the construction control parameters of each structure are output, and based on the construction control parameters, the prefabricated components of the waterproofing and drainage system and the anchor spraying lining substrate are processed respectively. During on-site construction, a waterproof coating is first sprayed onto the surrounding rock reference surface located by the integrated construction model. Then, a three-dimensional drainage network is installed simultaneously and connected and fixed to the waterproof coating. Subsequently, anchor spraying lining construction is carried out based on the measured positioning data after the installation of the waterproofing and drainage system. Finally, the longitudinal drainage channels of the connecting ring are used to form a complete waterproofing and drainage system.

2. The integrated construction method for waterproofing and drainage of anchor-sprayed lining tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on tunnel survey data and design parameters, three-dimensional collaborative models of the tunnel surrounding rock structure, anchor-sprayed lining structure, and drainage system were established, including: Extract the permeability characteristics and geological stratification information of the surrounding rock from the tunnel exploration data, and discretize the surrounding rock structure into three-dimensional grid units adapted to construction simulation; Based on the design thickness and strength parameters of the anchor-sprayed lining, a lining structure model matching the surrounding rock grid unit is constructed. Based on the analysis results of the surrounding rock seepage path, the three-dimensional drainage network is optimized into a curved mesh structure that adapts to the contour of the surrounding rock. The waterproof coating is modeled according to the unfolding parameters of the surrounding rock surface. The circumferential and longitudinal drainage channels are optimized and modeled according to the flow direction of seepage water. Based on the optimization results, a three-dimensional collaborative model of each structure is generated.

3. The integrated construction method for waterproofing and drainage of anchor-sprayed lining tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The three-dimensional models of the surrounding rock structure, the anchor-sprayed lining structure, and the drainage system are integrated and calibrated to form an integrated construction model, including: Based on the coordinates of the grid cells of the three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock structure, the installation reference coordinates of each component of the drainage system and the pouring boundary coordinates of the anchor spray lining are mapped and determined. By analyzing the cross-section of the three-dimensional collaborative model, the gap size between the drainage system and the anchor spray lining structure and the coordinates of the connection nodes are verified, and the relative positional constraints of each structure are determined. The seepage path under different working conditions was simulated to verify the rationality of the drainage system layout. At the same time, the potential conflicts of each structural connection node were identified through interference check of the three-dimensional collaborative model. Based on the simulation verification results and interference check results, the parameters of each three-dimensional model were adjusted and optimized to form an integrated construction model.

4. The integrated construction method for waterproofing and drainage of anchor-sprayed lining tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the integrated construction model, construction control parameters for each structure are output. Based on these parameters, prefabricated components for the drainage and waterproofing system and the preparation of the anchor-sprayed lining substrate are carried out, including: The surface contour parameters, connection node dimensions, and material performance parameters of each prefabricated component of the waterproofing and drainage system are extracted from the integrated construction model, and the parameters are converted into processing control data of the prefabricated components. Based on the thickness distribution data and surrounding rock permeability pressure distribution data of the anchor-sprayed lining in the integrated construction model, the mix proportion parameters and additive dosage parameters of the anchor-sprayed lining substrate are determined to form substrate preparation control data. Factory processing of prefabricated components for the waterproofing and drainage system is carried out based on prefabricated component processing control data, and mixing and preparation of anchor spraying lining substrate is carried out based on substrate preparation control data. After processing and preparation, the actual dimensional parameters of the prefabricated components of the drainage system and the performance parameters of the anchor spray lining substrate are tested. The test data is fed back to the integrated construction model and compared with the design parameters in the integrated construction model to calculate the processing and preparation deviations.

5. The integrated construction method for waterproofing and drainage of anchor-sprayed lining tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that, The prefabricated components for the waterproofing and drainage system are processed in the factory based on the prefabricated component processing control data. After processing, the process also includes: Perform a full-size scan of the prefabricated components of the completed waterproofing and drainage system; Obtain the actual three-dimensional shape data of the prefabricated components of the waterproofing and drainage system, import the actual three-dimensional shape data into the integrated construction model, and perform precise fitting and calibration with the three-dimensional model of the waterproofing and drainage system.

6. The integrated construction method for waterproofing and drainage of anchor-sprayed lining tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that, During on-site construction, a waterproof coating is first sprayed onto the surrounding rock reference surface positioned by the integrated construction model. Then, a three-dimensional drainage network is simultaneously installed and fixed to the waterproof coating, including: Based on the coordinate data of the surrounding rock reference surface output by the integrated construction model, positioning reference points are marked on the surface of the surrounding rock on site. Ground-penetrating radar is used to detect the density of the surrounding rock at the reference points. The detected density data of the surrounding rock is fed back to the integrated construction model to adjust the positioning parameters of the reference points. Based on the adjusted benchmark positioning parameters, the waterproof coating is sprayed, and the laying tension data of the waterproof coating is detected by tension detection equipment. The tension data is compared with the preset tension parameters in the integrated construction model, and the laying tension of the waterproof coating is adjusted. Based on the connection coordinate data of the three-dimensional drainage network and the waterproof coating in the integrated construction model, the fixed nodes of the three-dimensional drainage network are connected and fixed to the waterproof coating. The torque detection tool is used to detect the tightening torque data of the fixed nodes to ensure that the tightening torque meets the preset requirements of the model.

7. The integrated construction method for waterproofing and drainage of anchor-sprayed lining tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, Subsequently, anchor spraying lining construction was carried out based on the measured positioning data after the installation of the drainage system. Finally, the longitudinal drainage channels of the connecting ring were used to form a complete drainage system, including: Obtain the actual three-dimensional coordinate data of the drainage system after installation, import the actual three-dimensional coordinate data into the integrated construction model, compare it with the design coordinate data of the drainage system in the integrated construction model, and generate pouring boundary adjustment data. Based on the data of the pouring boundary adjustment, the layer thickness parameters, spraying angle parameters and spraying pressure parameters of the anchor spraying construction are determined, and the layer construction of the anchor spraying lining is carried out. After the anchor spraying lining construction is completed and reaches the design strength, based on the layout coordinate data of the ring longitudinal drainage channel in the integrated construction model and the actual three-dimensional coordinate data of the waterproofing and drainage system, the reserved interface position of the ring longitudinal drainage channel is located, and the ring longitudinal drainage channel is connected and docked with the three-dimensional drainage network. After the connection is completed, a water pressure test is carried out to obtain the seepage flow data and pressure loss data of the drainage system. This data is then fed back to the integrated construction model to verify the drainage efficiency of the waterproofing and drainage system.

8. The integrated construction method for waterproofing and drainage of anchor-sprayed lining tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the connection is completed, a water pressure test is conducted to obtain seepage flow data and pressure loss data of the drainage system. This data is then fed back to the integrated construction model to verify the drainage efficiency of the waterproofing and drainage system. The process also includes: A three-dimensional scan of the overall structure of the anchor-sprayed lining and waterproofing system is performed to obtain the actual three-dimensional shape data of the overall structure. This actual three-dimensional shape data is then fused and compared with the integrated construction model to generate an overall structural deviation report. Based on the overall structural deviation report, the connection nodes of the waterproofing and drainage system and the weak parts of the anchor spray lining are reinforced. After the reinforcement is completed, the seepage flow data and structural strength data are tested again. The secondary test data is then imported into the integrated construction model to complete the final acceptance calibration.

9. The integrated construction method for waterproofing and drainage of anchor-sprayed lining tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustment logic for adjusting the tension of the waterproof coating is as follows: During the spraying process, a tension detection device is used to collect real-time tension data of the local coordinate section where the waterproof coating has been laid. The collected real-time tension data is compared point by point with the preset tension threshold range set for the local coordinate section in the integrated construction model. If the real-time tension data is lower than the lower limit of the preset tension threshold range, it is determined that there is a looseness defect in the local coordinate section. The tensioning stroke of the coating laying tensioning mechanism is increased to improve the laying tension of the local coordinate section. If the real-time tension data is higher than the upper limit of the preset tension threshold range, it is determined that the local coordinate section has an over-tightness defect. The tensioning stroke of the laying tensioning mechanism is reduced to decrease the laying tension of the local coordinate section. The tension data acquisition, threshold comparison and tension adjustment steps are repeated until the real-time tension data of the local coordinate section falls within the preset tension threshold range.

10. The integrated construction method for waterproofing and drainage of anchor-sprayed lining tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that, Determine the layer thickness parameters, spraying angle parameters, and spraying pressure parameters for the anchor spraying construction, including: After obtaining the pouring boundary adjustment data, the boundary offset values ​​of each construction section are obtained based on the data. The boundary offset value is compared with the preset layer thickness grading threshold in the integrated construction model. Based on the comparison result, the anchor spray layer thickness parameter of the corresponding section is determined. The section with a larger absolute value of boundary offset corresponds to a smaller layer thickness parameter, and the section with a smaller absolute value of boundary offset corresponds to a larger layer thickness parameter. Based on the local curvature change of the surrounding rock surface characterized by the boundary offset value, and combined with the preset spraying angle and curvature mapping relationship in the integrated construction model, the spraying angle parameters of each local area are determined so that the angle between the spraying direction and the normal direction of the surrounding rock surface is within the preset range. Based on the determined layer thickness parameters and the design contour coordinates of the current section, the theoretical spraying distance between the nozzle of the spraying equipment and the sprayed surface is calculated. The theoretical spraying distance and layer thickness parameters are input into the integrated construction model, and the matching spraying pressure parameters are retrieved from the pressure parameter table built into the model. According to the determined layer thickness parameters, each construction section is divided into multiple spraying layers. Based on the generated spraying angle parameters and spraying pressure parameters, the anchor spraying lining spraying operation is carried out layer by layer from bottom to top until the cumulative thickness of each spraying layer reaches the design lining thickness requirement.

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