A water surface and tunnel fusion efficient targeted treatment method for full water dense disaster sources

Abstract

The application relates to the field of shield tunnel construction and geological disaster prevention and control, and specifically discloses a water surface and tunnel integrated efficient targeted treatment method for full-cover water dense disaster sources, which comprises the following steps: a three-level detection system is combined with a visual technology to construct a three-dimensional model of the disaster sources, and core process parameters such as intelligent matching grouting are determined; a first grouting curtain is formed through a mobile water surface grouting platform, a drilling and grouting system carried by a shield is used to realize tunnel internal collaborative grouting, and a third impermeable layer is formed through targeted supplementary grouting after segment assembly; and parameters are dynamically regulated and controlled during construction, and treatment effects are verified through multiple modes. The water surface and tunnel integrated efficient targeted treatment method for full-cover water dense disaster sources effectively solves the problems in traditional treatment methods, such as disconnection between detection and treatment, insufficient targeting, weak adaptability to complex hydrological conditions, easy flow of grout, high ecological risk and the like, and significantly improves the treatment accuracy and efficiency of full-cover water dense disaster sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shield tunnel construction and geological disaster prevention and control technology, specifically to a highly efficient targeted treatment method that integrates the water surface and the tunnel interior for densely covered water disaster sources. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of shield tunnel construction and geological disaster prevention and control, the treatment of densely covered water disaster sources (such as karst, underground rivers, fault fracture zones, etc.) has long faced technical bottlenecks such as insufficient precision, poor coordination and weak adaptability. It is difficult to meet the needs of safe construction, ecological protection and efficiency improvement of complex projects such as submarine tunnels and water-rich karst tunnels, and cannot provide reliable technical support for shield tunneling in complex strata covered by water.

[0003] Areas with densely populated, fully water-covered disaster sources are highly susceptible to major engineering accidents such as sudden water inrush, mudslides, landslides, and tunnel boring machine head falls due to the comprehensive water coverage, concentrated potential disaster points, and complex hydrogeological conditions. These accidents directly threaten the safety of construction personnel, damage construction equipment, and severely restrict construction progress and increase project costs. Current mainstream treatment methods have significant shortcomings: the detection stage is affected by electromagnetic shielding and dynamic noise interference from water bodies, making it difficult for traditional single detection technologies to accurately locate the spatial distribution and morphological parameters of disaster sources. Furthermore, the detection results are disconnected from the treatment process, resulting in insufficient targeting. The treatment stage lacks a coordination mechanism between the water surface and the tunnel. The grouting platform on the water surface and the treatment equipment inside the tunnel are scattered and independent, with cumbersome procedures and reinforcement gaps, making it difficult to form a three-dimensional prevention and control system. Grouting materials have poor adaptability to high water pressure, dynamic water flow, and tidal fluctuations, and are prone to problems such as grout dilution, flow, or cracking after solidification. At the same time, the construction process lacks a dynamic control mechanism, making it difficult to adapt to the dynamic changes in the hydrogeology of fully water-covered strata, and some methods pose ecological pollution risks, failing to meet the environmental protection requirements of water areas.

[0004] Meanwhile, the rapid development of technologies such as electroseismic coupling three-dimensional detection, visual-to-calcifiable decision-making technology, green grouting material research and development, and integrated equipment integration has provided important support for overcoming the aforementioned bottlenecks. Multi-source detection data fusion can achieve precise imaging of disaster sources, intelligent decision-making algorithms can optimize the matching of treatment parameters, and collaborative treatment processes can build a three-dimensional prevention and control barrier. The deep integration of these technologies with the treatment needs of densely covered water disaster sources has clear feasibility.

[0005] In summary, existing treatment methods have significant shortcomings in terms of detection accuracy, coordination, adaptability to working conditions, and ecological safety. There is an urgent need for an innovative method that integrates three-dimensional precise detection, intelligent parameter matching, coordinated treatment of water surface and tunnel, dynamic control, and ecological protection to overcome the limitations of traditional technologies, achieve efficient, targeted, and safe treatment of densely covered water disaster sources, and promote the development of shield tunnel construction technology towards intelligence and greening. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an efficient and targeted treatment method that integrates water surface and tunnel interior for densely covered water disaster sources. This method solves the problems of disconnect between detection and treatment, insufficient targeting, weak adaptability to complex working conditions, and easy flow of slurry in traditional methods, and effectively improves treatment accuracy, collaborative efficiency and construction safety.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a highly efficient targeted treatment method that integrates the water surface and tunnel interior for densely covered water disaster sources, comprising:

[0008] S1. Precise 3D Detection of Disaster Sources: A three-level detection system of water surface survey, offline detailed survey, and borehole detailed survey is adopted. It integrates electro-seismic coupling three-dimensional fine collaborative reconstruction and visualization technology to obtain the spatial distribution, morphological characteristics and hydrogeological parameters of disaster sources and construct a 3D visualization model of disaster sources.

[0009] S2. Intelligent matching of treatment parameters: Based on the three-dimensional visualization model, through the refined safety prediction and treatment decision-making technology that converts visualization into calculation, multi-source data such as disaster source morphology, water pressure and shield tunneling are integrated to automatically match the core process parameters of targeted treatment, including grouting pressure, slurry ratio, drilling angle and treatment range.

[0010] S3. Controllable Targeted Grouting on the Water Surface: Using a mobile water surface grouting platform, an integrated drilling-elastic wave CT scanning detection-grouting process is adopted, combined with steel casing wall protection and water-proofing technology, grouting materials are injected into the disaster source area below the water surface to form the first grout-stopping curtain.

[0011] S4. Precise and coordinated grouting in the tunnel: Through the full-rotation advanced drilling and injection integrated system carried by the shield machine, directional grouting is carried out on the disaster sources that are not completely sealed in front of and around the tunnel excavation, so as to achieve coordinated treatment of the water surface and the tunnel and form a second grout-stopping curtain.

[0012] S5. Post-segment reinforcement treatment: After the tunnel segments are assembled, the radar detection technology for voids behind the tunnel segments is used to detect voids and grouting density. Grouting is then carried out through the grouting holes reserved in the segments to form a third anti-seepage layer.

[0013] S6. Dynamic control during construction: Real-time monitoring of grouting pressure, surrounding rock deformation and water seepage parameters, and dynamic adjustment of treatment parameters through multi-source data fusion decision module to ensure the stability of treatment effect;

[0014] S7. Comprehensive verification of treatment effect: The quality of the disaster source sealing and the anti-seepage performance are verified by combining core drilling, elastic wave CT re-measurement and seepage flow monitoring to ensure that the design requirements are met.

[0015] Preferably, in S1, the three-level detection system is specifically configured as follows: the surface survey adopts transient electromagnetic detection technology, the detailed offline survey adopts cross-hole elastic wave CT technology, and the in-hole fine survey adopts multi-frequency drilling sonar technology; the electro-seismic coupling three-dimensional fine collaborative reconstruction visualization technology includes point cloud registration, noise reduction, simplification and splicing processes.

[0016] Preferably, in S2, the refined safety prediction and treatment decision-making technology that transforms visualization into computation includes three core components: data integration, algorithm modeling, and parameter output.

[0017] Data integration: Integrate disaster source morphology, spatial coordinates, and filling status data from the 3D visualization model, as well as real-time collected water pressure data and shield tunneling parameters, to construct a multi-dimensional database;

[0018] Algorithm modeling: Based on the multibody dynamics and discrete element method MBD-DEM coupled algorithm, a disaster source critical safety distance prediction model is constructed, and the correlation between disaster source scale, water pressure level and tunneling disturbance coefficient is quantitatively analyzed;

[0019] Parameter output: The prediction model calculates and automatically outputs the matching results of grouting range, drilling angle, grout type and grouting pressure, and grout mix ratio, realizing the transformation of visualized spatial information into calculable treatment parameters.

[0020] Preferably, in S3, the mobile water surface grouting platform is equipped with a visualization simulation and optimization design module, and the integrated drilling-elastic wave CT scanning detection-grouting process completes disaster source detection and grouting operations through the same borehole, realizing multiple uses for one borehole.

[0021] Preferably, in S3, the steel casing wall waterproofing technology is equipped with a segmented multi-layer expansion type grout stopper, which, combined with a rubber sleeve valve, forms a double sealing structure to prevent grout from flowing and water from seeping in during the grouting process.

[0022] Preferably, in S3, the controllable targeted grouting of the water surface also includes a tidal adaptive adjustment mechanism: by monitoring the tidal water level changes, a coupling relationship between grouting pressure and water level is established, and grouting parameters are dynamically adjusted to adapt to the influence of water level fluctuations.

[0023] Preferably, in S4, the fully rotating advanced drilling and grouting integrated system rotates 360°, and grouting holes are arranged in the circumference of the shield body and the front shield partition. During the drilling process, a sealing device is used between the outer and inner pipes of the drill rod to prevent grout backflow.

[0024] Preferably, in S5, the specific process of post-segment reinforcement treatment is as follows: first, the voids and weak grouting areas behind the segments are located by radar detection, and then a penetrating crystalline grout is injected in a targeted manner to fill the gaps and strengthen the adhesion between the segments and the surrounding rock.

[0025] Preferably, in S6, the triggering mechanism for dynamic control is as follows: when the deformation rate of the surrounding rock exceeds a preset threshold, the grouting pressure is automatically increased; when the seepage flow is abnormal, the grout type is switched and the grouting interval is shortened; when the grouting pressure changes abruptly, the operation is suspended and the disaster source status is retested.

[0026] Preferably, the grouting material is a high-performance green grouting material containing a temperature-sensitive and water pressure-sensitive composite additive, and is selected according to the scale of the disaster source: for small-scale disaster sources that are unfilled or semi-filled, ultrafine cement-acrylamide composite grout is used; for medium-scale disaster sources, crushed stone-polymer modified grout is used; and for extra-large disaster sources, foam-curing agent composite grout is used.

[0027] Therefore, this invention proposes a highly efficient targeted treatment method that integrates the water surface and tunnel interior for densely covered water disaster sources, with the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) Precise linkage between detection and treatment, significantly improved targeting: The three-level detection system and visualization reconstruction technology enable precise positioning of disaster sources. Combined with intelligent parameter matching algorithm, the treatment parameters are precisely matched with the characteristics of disaster sources, solving the pain points of traditional methods such as disconnect between detection and treatment and insufficient targeting.

[0029] (2) Collaborative prevention and control with dynamic regulation and strong treatment stability: Construct a three-level anti-seepage system of water surface-tunnel interior-segment post-construction, and combine it with a dynamic regulation mechanism during construction to adapt to complex working conditions such as high water pressure and tidal fluctuations, effectively avoid slurry flow and significantly reduce the risk of sudden water inrush and mud surge.

[0030] (3) Green and efficient, achieving a win-win situation for ecology and construction benefits: High-performance green grouting materials are used to achieve zero pollution in the construction water area. The integrated process and multi-purpose design of one hole improve construction efficiency, while reducing resource waste and construction delays, and reducing the overall cost of the project.

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of an efficient targeted treatment method for densely covered water disaster sources that integrates water surface and tunnel;

[0033] Figure 2 This invention presents a three-level detection system and multi-source data fusion diagram of an efficient targeted treatment method for densely covered water disaster sources, integrating water surface and tunnel. (a) is a schematic diagram of the three-level detection layout of water surface survey, line detailed survey, and borehole fine survey, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the fusion and interpretation of transient electromagnetic and cross-hole elastic wave CT joint detection data.

[0034] Figure 3This is a flowchart of the electro-seismic coupling three-dimensional fine collaborative reconstruction visualization technology for a highly efficient targeted treatment method for densely covered water disaster sources in tunnels, wherein (a) is a flowchart of the electro-seismic coupling data processing procedure, and (b) is a schematic diagram comparing the data fusion and visualization effects.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the construction results of a three-dimensional visualization model of a disaster source for a highly efficient targeted treatment method that integrates water surface and tunnel for densely covered disaster sources according to the present invention. (a) is a schematic diagram comparing the data fusion and visualization effects, and (b) is a schematic diagram comparing the data fusion and visualization effects.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the water surface-tunnel collaborative treatment arrangement of a highly efficient targeted treatment method for dense disaster sources with full water coverage, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the water surface grouting platform and the integrated detection-grouting process, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the grouting hole arrangement of the tunnel full-rotation advanced drilling and injection integrated system.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a steel casing wall protection + segmented multi-layer expansion type grout stopper double sealing structure for an efficient targeted treatment method for densely flooded disaster sources in tunnels.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the working module of the mobile water surface grouting platform, which is a highly efficient targeted treatment method for water surface and tunnel integration of densely covered water disaster sources according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the construction dynamic control triggering mechanism and treatment effect verification process of an efficient targeted treatment method for densely covered water disaster sources that integrates water surface and tunnel.

[0040] Figure Labels

[0041] 1. Bottom conical plug; 2. Grout injection orifice; 3. Rubber sleeve valve; 4. Grout stop plug; 5. Rubber plug; 6. Grouting pipe; 7. Pressurization pipe; 8. Connecting to grouting pump. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the technical solutions, advantages, and objectives of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0044] like Figures 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a highly efficient targeted treatment method for densely covered water disaster sources that integrates the water surface and tunnel interior, comprising:

[0045] S1. Precise 3D Detection of Disaster Sources: A three-level detection system of water surface survey, offline detailed survey, and borehole detailed survey is adopted. It integrates electro-seismic coupling three-dimensional fine collaborative reconstruction and visualization technology to obtain the spatial distribution, morphological characteristics and hydrogeological parameters of disaster sources and construct a 3D visualization model of disaster sources.

[0046] The three-level detection system is specifically configured as follows: transient electromagnetic detection technology is used for surface surveys, cross-hole elastic wave CT technology is used for detailed offline surveys, and multi-frequency borehole sonar technology is used for in-hole fine surveys; the electro-seismic coupling three-dimensional fine collaborative reconstruction visualization technology includes point cloud registration, noise reduction, simplification and splicing processes.

[0047] S2. Intelligent matching of treatment parameters: Based on the three-dimensional visualization model, through the refined safety prediction and treatment decision-making technology that converts visualization into calculation, multi-source data such as disaster source morphology, water pressure and shield tunneling are integrated to automatically match the core process parameters of targeted treatment, including grouting pressure, slurry ratio, drilling angle and treatment range.

[0048] The refined safety prediction and treatment decision-making technology that transforms visualization into computation includes three core components: data integration, algorithm modeling, and parameter output.

[0049] Data integration: Integrate disaster source morphology, spatial coordinates, and filling status data from the 3D visualization model, as well as real-time collected water pressure data and shield tunneling parameters, to construct a multi-dimensional database;

[0050] Algorithm modeling: Based on the multibody dynamics and discrete element method MBD-DEM coupled algorithm, a disaster source critical safety distance prediction model is constructed, and the correlation between disaster source scale, water pressure level and tunneling disturbance coefficient is quantitatively analyzed;

[0051] Parameter output: The prediction model calculates and automatically outputs the matching results of grouting range, drilling angle, grout type and grouting pressure, and grout mix ratio, realizing the transformation of visualized spatial information into calculable treatment parameters.

[0052] S3. Controllable Targeted Grouting on the Water Surface: Using a mobile water surface grouting platform, an integrated drilling-elastic wave CT scanning detection-grouting process is adopted, combined with steel casing wall protection and water-proofing technology, grouting materials are injected into the disaster source area below the water surface to form the first grout-stopping curtain.

[0053] The mobile water surface grouting platform is equipped with a visualization simulation and optimization design module. The integrated drilling-elastic wave CT scanning detection-grouting process completes disaster source detection and grouting operations through the same borehole, achieving multiple uses for one borehole.

[0054] The steel casing wall waterproofing technology is equipped with a segmented multi-layer expansion grout stopper, which, combined with a rubber sleeve valve, forms a double sealing structure to prevent grout from flowing and water from seeping in during the grouting process.

[0055] Controllable targeted grouting on the water surface also includes a tidal adaptive adjustment mechanism: by monitoring changes in tidal water level, a coupling relationship between grouting pressure and water level is established, and grouting parameters are dynamically adjusted to adapt to the impact of water level fluctuations.

[0056] S4. Precise and coordinated grouting in the tunnel: Through the full-rotation advanced drilling and injection integrated system carried by the shield machine, directional grouting is carried out on the disaster sources that are not completely sealed in front of and around the tunnel excavation, so as to achieve coordinated treatment of the water surface and the tunnel and form a second grout-stopping curtain.

[0057] The fully rotating advanced drilling and grouting integrated system can rotate 360°. Grouting holes are arranged around the shield body and in the front shield partition. During the drilling process, a sealing device is used between the outer and inner pipes of the drill rod to prevent grout backflow.

[0058] S5. Post-segment reinforcement treatment: After the tunnel segments are assembled, the radar detection technology for voids behind the tunnel segments is used to detect voids and grouting density. Grouting is then carried out through the grouting holes reserved in the segments to form a third anti-seepage layer.

[0059] The specific process of post-segment reinforcement treatment is as follows: First, use radar to detect and locate cavities and weak grouting areas behind the segments, and then inject penetrating crystalline grout in a targeted manner to fill the gaps and strengthen the bond between the segments and the surrounding rock.

[0060] S6. Dynamic control during construction: Real-time monitoring of grouting pressure, surrounding rock deformation and water seepage parameters, and dynamic adjustment of treatment parameters through multi-source data fusion decision module to ensure the stability of treatment effect;

[0061] The dynamic control triggering mechanism is as follows: when the deformation rate of the surrounding rock exceeds the preset threshold, the grouting pressure is automatically increased; when the seepage flow is abnormal, the grout type is switched and the grouting interval is shortened; when the grouting pressure changes abruptly, the operation is suspended and the disaster source status is re-measured.

[0062] S7. Comprehensive verification of treatment effect: The quality of the disaster source sealing and the anti-seepage performance are verified by combining core drilling, elastic wave CT re-measurement and seepage flow monitoring to ensure that the design requirements are met.

[0063] The grouting material is a high-performance green grouting material, which contains temperature-sensitive and water pressure-sensitive composite additives. It is selected according to the scale of the disaster source: small-scale disaster sources with no filling or semi-filling use ultra-fine cement-acrylamide composite grout, medium-scale disaster sources use crushed stone-polymer modified grout, and extra-large disaster sources use foam-curing agent composite grout.

[0064] Example

[0065] This embodiment uses a submarine shield tunnel project as an application scenario. The tunnel traverses a fully water-covered marine stratum with a water cover thickness of 30-50m. Below the tunnel axis, there are dense karst caves, fault fracture zones, and other hazard sources, with the size of these sources ranging from 0.8 to 8m. Some karst caves are unfilled, the water pressure reaches 1.2-2.0MPa, and the tidal level fluctuates by approximately 2.5m. During shield tunneling, the project faces a high risk of sudden water inrush, mudslides, and shield collapse. The treatment method of this invention is applicable, and the specific implementation process is as follows:

[0066] I. Project Overview:

[0067] The undersea tunnel is 2,800 meters long, with a 650-meter section passing through a densely populated disaster source area covered by water. The strata are mainly strongly weathered granite, karst limestone, and fault fracture zones. The groundwater is directly connected to the seawater, and the hydraulic connection is close. The disaster sources are densely distributed and have an irregular spatial shape. Traditional treatment methods are difficult to target and seal precisely, and problems such as slurry flow and incomplete treatment are likely to occur.

[0068] II. Specific Implementation Steps:

[0069] S1. Precise 3D Detection of Disaster Sources:

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown in (a), a three-level detection system of "survey of water surface - detailed investigation below ground - detailed investigation inside boreholes" is adopted:

[0071] The water surface survey used transient electromagnetic detection technology, with detection lines laid out within a 50m range on both sides of the tunnel axis, reaching a detection depth of 60m, and initially delineated three areas with dense disaster sources.

[0072] The detailed offline investigation used cross-hole elastic wave CT technology, with boreholes laid out in dense areas at 15m intervals. The spatial contour and wave velocity distribution of the disaster source were obtained through three-dimensional elastic wave CT inversion software.

[0073] The detailed borehole inspection uses multi-frequency borehole sonar technology to conduct borehole exploration on key boreholes. The exploration range covers a 2.2m radius around the borehole to clarify the filling status of the hazard source and the degree of fracture development.

[0074] like Figures 3-4As shown, by integrating electroseismic coupling three-dimensional fine collaborative reconstruction visualization technology, and through point cloud registration, noise reduction, simplification and splicing processes, a three-dimensional visualization model of the disaster source was constructed, accurately locating the spatial coordinates, scale and water pressure parameters of 12 major disaster sources. The detection results were 92% consistent with the subsequent borehole verification.

[0075] Among them, the combined detection data of transient electromagnetic and transapor elastic wave CT are interpreted through fusion techniques (such as... Figure 2 As shown in (b) in the figure, it effectively eliminates electromagnetic shielding interference in water bodies and improves the accuracy of disaster source location.

[0076] S2, Intelligent matching of treatment parameters:

[0077] like Figure 4 As shown, based on the constructed 3D visualization model, and through the refined safety prediction and treatment decision-making technology that transforms visualization into computation, a disaster source critical safety distance prediction model is constructed using the MBD-DEM coupling algorithm. This model integrates disaster source morphology (spherical, irregular fissure type), water pressure level (1.2~2.0MPa), and shield tunneling parameters (advance speed 30~40mm / min, cutterhead rotation speed 1.0r / min), and automatically matches core process parameters.

[0078] Small-scale unfilled disaster sources (scale less than 2m): grouting pressure 1.5~1.8MPa, ultrafine cement-acrylamide composite grout (water-cement ratio 1:0.8), drilling angle perpendicular to the center of the disaster source;

[0079] Mesoscale disaster source (scale 2~4m): grouting pressure 1.8~2.2MPa, crushed stone-polymer modified grout (crushed stone particle size 5~10mm, polymer content 5%), drilling angle inclination 15°;

[0080] For extra-large disaster sources (scale exceeding 4m): grouting pressure 2.2~2.5MPa, foam-curing agent composite grout (foam volume fraction 30%), using a multi-hole ring arrangement.

[0081] S3. Controllable targeted grouting on the water surface:

[0082] like Figure 7 As shown, a mobile surface grouting platform equipped with a visualization simulation and optimization design module is used to perform an integrated drilling-elastic wave CT scanning detection-grouting process (e.g., without affecting navigation) while ensuring uninterrupted waterway access. Figure 5 As shown in (a) of the text:

[0083] like Figure 6As shown, 18 grouting holes are arranged on the water surface using steel casing wall protection and water-proofing technology. A bottom conical plug 1 is installed at the bottom of the steel casing to achieve bottom sealing. A grouting pipe 6 is installed inside the grouting hole. A grout injection port 2 is opened on the side wall of the grouting pipe for grout injection. A segmented multi-layer expansion grout stop plug 4 and a rubber sleeve valve 3 are installed to form a double sealing structure. A rubber plug 5, a pressure pipe 7 and a grouting pump 8 are connected in sequence at the top of the grouting pipe. This combination structure effectively blocks the grout flow path.

[0084] During the drilling process, elastic wave CT scanning is carried out simultaneously. After confirming the location of the disaster source, the grouting pump 8 is immediately started. The grouting pressure is adjusted through the pressurization pipe 7. The grout is transported to the grouting hole 2 through the grouting pipe 6 and injected into the disaster source area. The rubber sleeve valve 3 expands under the grouting pressure to seal the gap in the hole wall. The grout stop plug 4 and the rubber plug 5 further enhance the sealing effect to prevent the grout from leaking along the hole wall.

[0085] During the grouting process, an adaptive tidal adjustment mechanism is used to monitor tidal water level changes in real time. The grouting pressure is increased by 20% during high tide and the pressure stabilization time is extended to 12 hours during low tide. High-performance green grouting material is injected to form the first grout-stopping curtain. The diffusion radius error of the grouting material is controlled within 8%, and there is no grout flow phenomenon.

[0086] S4. Precise and coordinated grouting within the tunnel:

[0087] like Figure 5 As shown in (b), the tunnel boring machine is equipped with a full-rotation advanced drilling and grouting integrated system. There are 18 advanced grouting holes arranged around the shield body and 7 horizontal advanced grouting holes arranged on the front shield partition. The system can rotate 360° and has an elevation angle of 0~9.5° to perform directional grouting for disaster sources that are not completely sealed within 30m in front of the tunnel excavation.

[0088] The drilling process employs a sealing device between the outer and inner tubes of the drill rod to prevent slurry backflow;

[0089] For edge cracks and small-scale disaster sources not covered by grouting on the water surface, corresponding types of grouting materials are injected in a directional manner to achieve coordinated treatment on the water surface and inside the tunnel, forming a second grout-stopping curtain.

[0090] S5. Post-segment reinforcement treatment:

[0091] After the tunnel segments are assembled, the radar detection technology for the voids behind the shield tunnel segments is used to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the voids behind the segments and the grouting density, and to locate 3 weak grouting areas and 2 small voids.

[0092] By pre-reserving grouting holes in the pipe segments, a penetrating crystalline grout is injected in a targeted manner, with the grout penetrating to a depth of 50cm; the gap between the pipe segments and the surrounding rock is filled, the adhesion between the pipe segments and the surrounding rock is strengthened, and a third anti-seepage layer is formed.

[0093] S6. Dynamic control during construction process:

[0094] like Figure 8 As shown, the multi-source data fusion decision module monitors grouting pressure, surrounding rock deformation, and water seepage parameters in real time.

[0095] When the detected deformation rate of the surrounding rock reaches 0.6 mm / d (exceeding the preset threshold of 0.5 mm / d), the grouting pressure is automatically increased by 12%.

[0096] An abnormal seepage flow rate (reaching 8 L / min) was observed in a certain section. The process was immediately switched to dual-liquid grout, and the grouting interval was shortened to 25 min.

[0097] One grouting hole experienced a sudden pressure change (a sudden increase of 2.3 MPa). Grouting was suspended and retested using elastic wave CT. Unfilled cracks were found in the disaster source. Grouting was restarted after adjusting the drilling angle to ensure the stability of the treatment effect.

[0098] S7. Comprehensive Verification of Treatment Effectiveness:

[0099] The effectiveness was verified by combining core drilling, elastic wave CT re-measurement, and seepage flow monitoring.

[0100] Core sampling tests showed that the sealing density of the disaster source reached over 96%, and the strength of the stone body met the design requirements.

[0101] Elastic wave CT re-imaging showed that the coefficient of variation of wave velocity uniformity in the disaster source area was 12%, with no obvious cavities or cracks;

[0102] The seepage flow monitoring results show that the seepage flow around the tunnel is ≤0.8L / min, which meets the design requirements for seepage resistance.

[0103] III. Implementation Results:

[0104] In this embodiment, the treatment method of the present invention successfully completed the targeted treatment of the densely flooded disaster source section of the submarine tunnel. No water inrush or mudslide or shield head collapse occurred during the shield tunneling process. The treatment efficiency was improved compared with the traditional method, the construction period was shortened, and the water quality monitoring of the construction water area showed that the pH, suspended solids and other indicators met the environmental protection standards, achieving a win-win situation for ecological safety and construction benefits.

[0105] Among them, the three-level detection system (see Figure 2 ) and visualization technology of electroseismic coupling (see Figure 3 The application of this technology has enabled a 92% accuracy rate in disaster source detection; the coordinated treatment layout between the water surface and the tunnel (see...) Figure 5 The double sealing structure, consisting of the bottom conical plug 1, the grout injection orifice 2, the rubber sleeve valve 3, and the grout stop plug 4, etc. (see...) Figure 6This effectively prevents grout flow; the visualized optimization design of the mobile water surface grouting platform (see...) Figure 7 It ensures the safety of waterway navigation and significantly improves adaptability to complex working conditions.

[0106] Therefore, this invention provides a highly efficient and targeted treatment method for densely populated disaster sources in fully water-covered tunnels, integrating the water surface and tunnel interior. By constructing a closed-loop system encompassing detection, decision-making, treatment, regulation, and verification, and based on three levels of precise detection, with intelligent parameter matching as the core, collaborative treatment of the water surface, tunnel interior, and post-segment treatment as the key, and dynamic regulation and ecological protection as guarantees, it achieves targeted blocking and three-dimensional prevention and control of densely populated disaster sources under complex conditions of fully water-covered tunnels. This effectively fills the technical gap in the treatment of complex hydrogeological strata using traditional methods, and provides a safe, reliable, efficient, and environmentally friendly technical solution for high-risk projects such as submarine tunnels and water-rich karst tunnels. It has significant practical implications for promoting the intelligent and green development of shield tunnel construction and geological disaster prevention and control.

[0107] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient and targeted treatment method for densely covered water disaster sources, integrating water surface and tunnel interiors, characterized in that, include: S1. Precise 3D Detection of Disaster Sources: A three-level detection system of water surface survey, offline detailed survey, and borehole detailed survey is adopted. It integrates electro-seismic coupling three-dimensional fine collaborative reconstruction and visualization technology to obtain the spatial distribution, morphological characteristics and hydrogeological parameters of disaster sources and construct a 3D visualization model of disaster sources. S2. Intelligent matching of treatment parameters: Based on the three-dimensional visualization model, through the refined safety prediction and treatment decision-making technology that converts visualization into calculation, multi-source data such as disaster source morphology, water pressure and shield tunneling are integrated to automatically match the core process parameters of targeted treatment, including grouting pressure, slurry ratio, drilling angle and treatment range. S3. Controllable Targeted Grouting on the Water Surface: Using a mobile water surface grouting platform, an integrated drilling-elastic wave CT scanning detection-grouting process is adopted, combined with steel casing wall protection and water-proofing technology, grouting materials are injected into the disaster source area below the water surface to form the first grout-stopping curtain. S4. Precise and coordinated grouting in the tunnel: Through the full-rotation advanced drilling and injection integrated system carried by the shield machine, directional grouting is carried out on the disaster sources that are not completely sealed in front of and around the tunnel excavation, so as to achieve coordinated treatment of the water surface and the tunnel and form a second grout-stopping curtain. S5. Post-segment reinforcement treatment: After the tunnel segments are assembled, the radar detection technology for voids behind the tunnel segments is used to detect voids and grouting density. Grouting is then carried out through the grouting holes reserved in the segments to form a third anti-seepage layer. S6. Dynamic control during construction: Real-time monitoring of grouting pressure, surrounding rock deformation and water seepage parameters, and dynamic adjustment of treatment parameters through multi-source data fusion decision module to ensure the stability of treatment effect; S7. Comprehensive verification of treatment effect: The quality of the disaster source sealing and the anti-seepage performance are verified by combining core drilling, elastic wave CT re-measurement and seepage flow monitoring to ensure that the design requirements are met. In S3, the steel casing wall protection and water-proofing technology is equipped with a segmented multi-layer expansion type grout stop plug, which, combined with a rubber sleeve valve, forms a double sealing structure to prevent grout from flowing and water from seeping in during the grouting process. In S3, the controllable targeted grouting of the water surface also includes a tidal adaptive adjustment mechanism: by monitoring the changes in tidal water level, a coupling relationship between grouting pressure and water level is established, and grouting parameters are dynamically adjusted to adapt to the impact of water level fluctuations.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the three-level detection system is specifically configured as follows: the surface survey adopts transient electromagnetic detection technology, the detailed offline survey adopts cross-hole elastic wave CT technology, and the in-hole fine survey adopts multi-frequency drilling sonar technology; the electro-seismic coupling three-dimensional fine collaborative reconstruction visualization technology includes point cloud registration, noise reduction, simplification and splicing processes.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the refined safety prediction and treatment decision-making technology that transforms visualization into computation includes three core components: data integration, algorithm modeling, and parameter output. Data integration: Integrate disaster source morphology, spatial coordinates, and filling status data from the 3D visualization model, as well as real-time collected water pressure data and shield tunneling parameters, to construct a multi-dimensional database; Algorithm modeling: Based on the multibody dynamics and discrete element method MBD-DEM coupled algorithm, a disaster source critical safety distance prediction model is constructed, and the correlation between disaster source scale, water pressure level and tunneling disturbance coefficient is quantitatively analyzed; Parameter output: The prediction model calculates and automatically outputs the matching results of grouting range, drilling angle, grout type and grouting pressure, and grout mix ratio, realizing the transformation of visualized spatial information into calculable treatment parameters.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the mobile water surface grouting platform is equipped with a visualization simulation and optimization design module. The integrated drilling-elastic wave CT scanning detection-grouting process completes disaster source detection and grouting operations through the same borehole, realizing multiple uses for one borehole.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the fully rotating advanced drilling and grouting integrated system rotates 360°, and grouting holes are arranged in the circumference of the shield body and the front shield partition. During the drilling process, a sealing device is used between the outer and inner pipes of the drill rod to prevent grout backflow.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the specific process of post-segment reinforcement treatment is as follows: first, the voids and weak grouting areas behind the segments are located by radar detection, and then a penetrating crystalline grout is injected in a targeted manner to fill the gaps and strengthen the adhesion between the segments and the surrounding rock.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, the triggering mechanism for dynamic control is as follows: when the deformation rate of the surrounding rock exceeds the preset threshold, the grouting pressure is automatically increased; when the seepage flow is abnormal, the grout type is switched and the grouting interval time is shortened; when the grouting pressure changes abruptly, the operation is suspended and the disaster source status is retested.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grouting material is a high-performance green grouting material, containing temperature-sensitive and water pressure-sensitive composite additives. It is selected according to the scale of the disaster source: for small-scale disaster sources that are unfilled or semi-filled, ultrafine cement-acrylamide composite grout is used; for medium-scale disaster sources, crushed stone-polymer modified grout is used; and for extra-large disaster sources, foam-curing agent composite grout is used.

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