Integrated digital intelligent monitoring system and method for dangerous reservoir under freezing and thawing cycle condition

Abstract

An integrated digital intelligent monitoring system for a dangerous reservoir under a freeze-thaw cycle condition comprises a seepage monitoring subsystem and a data display subsystem, in the seepage monitoring subsystem, one end of an umbrella-shaped adsorber is adsorbed on a concrete dam body, the other end of the umbrella-shaped adsorber is connected with a shell, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are located on the inner wall of the shell, and the data display subsystem is connected with the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor. The film column is located in the shell, the upper portion of the film column is connected with the filter screen, the lower end of the film column is clamped into a fixing groove in the shell, gypsum which expands after reacting with leakage water and releases a large amount of heat to enable a film to be broken gradually is placed in the film column, and the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are in communication connection with the data display subsystem. The invention further provides an integrated digital intelligent monitoring method for the dangerous reservoir under the freezing and thawing cycle condition. The system can monitor deformation, seepage and rain conditions of the dam body of the reservoir, can limit deformation of the dam body, and has the advantages of low construction risk and high construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy project safety monitoring technology, and in particular, it is an integrated digital intelligent monitoring system and method for deformation, seepage and rainfall of dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycle conditions. Background Technology

[0002] In cold regions, reservoirs with structural defects are subjected to long-term freeze-thaw cycles, posing a severe challenge to the structural integrity of their dams and foundations, easily leading to increased deformation, abnormal seepage, and other safety hazards. Deformation, seepage, and rainfall are the three core key parameters characterizing the operational status of reservoirs and providing early warnings of potential hazards; these three parameters are interconnected and mutually influential. However, traditional monitoring methods typically separate deformation monitoring, seepage monitoring, and rainfall monitoring, using methods such as manual inspections and single-point automated sensors to collect data in a fragmented manner. This approach has significant drawbacks: First, data fragmentation, with each system operating independently and data not synchronized, makes multi-parameter coupled analysis and collaborative early warning difficult, resulting in delayed hazard assessment; second, it is inefficient and risky, especially under extreme rain, snow, and freezing weather conditions, where manual inspections are labor-intensive, environmentally hazardous, and have low data acquisition frequency; third, it is costly, requiring the deployment of multiple independent systems and a large number of maintenance personnel, with equipment having limited functionality and low resource utilization. Therefore, in order to overcome the problems of poor coordination, insufficient real-time performance, low automation and high dependence on manual labor in the safety monitoring of dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycle conditions, an integrated digital intelligent monitoring system and method for deformation-seepage-rainfall conditions of dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycle conditions was invented. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies that rely on manual, itemized monitoring of reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles, which suffer from high construction risks, low efficiency, high costs, and the inability to monitor the reservoir's development in real time, this invention provides an integrated digital intelligent monitoring system and method for reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles. This system not only monitors dam deformation, seepage, and rainfall, but also limits dam deformation and offers advantages such as low construction risk and high efficiency.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0005] An integrated digital monitoring system for dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles includes a seepage monitoring subsystem and a data display subsystem. The seepage monitoring subsystem includes a shell, a fixing groove, a membrane column, a membrane partition, an umbrella-shaped adsorber, a filter screen, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and plaster. One end of the umbrella-shaped adsorber is adsorbed onto the concrete dam body, and the other end is connected to the shell. The temperature sensor and humidity sensor are located on the inner wall of the shell. The membrane column is located inside the shell, with the filter screen connected to its upper part and its lower end inserted into the fixing groove in the shell. Plaster, which reacts with seepage water, expands in volume, releases a large amount of heat, and causes the membrane to gradually rupture. The temperature sensor and humidity sensor are communicatively connected to the data display subsystem.

[0006] Preferably, the thin film column is provided with multiple thin film partitions to divide the thin film column into multiple small spaces, in which the plaster is placed.

[0007] Furthermore, the integrated digital monitoring system also includes a deformation monitoring subsystem. The monitoring subsystem includes an inner tube, a grouting expansion end, a grouting diffusion hole, an inner grouting pipe, an outer tube, a spring, a strain gauge, a sensing plate, an inner anchoring end, and an outer anchoring end. The inner tube is located inside the outer tube, and the upper end of the inner tube is fixed by the inner anchoring end. The grouting expansion end is located at the lower end of the inner tube, and the grouting diffusion hole is located on the grouting expansion end. The inner cavity of the inner tube is an inner grouting pipe. The upper end of the outer tube is fixed by the outer anchoring end. The outer tube is connected to the sensing plate by a spring. The strain gauge is located in the middle of the spring. The strain gauge monitoring data is communicatively connected to the data display subsystem.

[0008] Preferably, the temperature sensor and humidity sensor transmit the collected data to the data display system via the first data acquisition instrument through the first line, and the seepage situation is determined by the temperature and humidity data; the strain gauge monitoring data is transmitted to the data display subsystem via the second line and the data acquisition instrument.

[0009] Furthermore, the integrated digital monitoring system also includes a rainfall monitoring subsystem, which includes a stress sensor, a rainwater pool, a drainage pipe, a connecting pipe, and a drainage hole. The stress sensor is located on the upper surface of the rainwater pool. The upper end of the connecting pipe is connected to the rainwater pool, and the lower end of the connecting pipe is connected to the inner pipe. The upper end of the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage hole on the rainwater pool, and the drainage hole is located on the rainwater pool. The stress sensor is communicatively connected to the data display subsystem.

[0010] The system also includes drones equipped with high-definition cameras to inspect and monitor areas with abnormal data, assess dam deformation and rainfall conditions, promptly identify potential hazards, and take safety measures. This solution represents an optimized configuration that is more conducive to monitoring.

[0011] An integrated digital monitoring method for dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles includes the following steps:

[0012] (1) Seepage monitoring, the process is as follows:

[0013] (1.1) Based on the needs of reservoir seepage monitoring, seepage monitoring points shall be set up, and the layout and spacing of the monitoring points shall be determined;

[0014] (1.2) Assemble the seepage monitoring subsystem. Drill holes using a drilling rig and place the seepage monitoring subsystem into the holes. The edge of the umbrella-shaped adsorber contacts the concrete dam body so that seepage water can enter the membrane column.

[0015] (1.3) Pouring concrete for the dam body;

[0016] (1.4) If seepage occurs at a certain location in the concrete dam, the corresponding water enters the membrane column through the umbrella-shaped adsorber and filter screen. The water and gypsum react, releasing heat and expanding in volume.

[0017] (1.5) At the same time, the values ​​of the temperature sensor and humidity sensor in the shell will continue to increase, and the results will be fed back to the terminal data display subsystem in real time. When the preset threshold is reached, it indicates that the seepage in the dam body is large and the corresponding location needs to be repaired.

[0018] Preferably, the membrane column is provided with multiple membrane partitions to divide the membrane column into multiple small spaces, and the gypsum is placed in the small spaces; in (1.4), if seepage occurs at a certain position of the concrete dam, the corresponding water enters the first space at the top of the membrane column through the umbrella-shaped adsorber and filter screen. If it is a small amount of water reacting with the gypsum, there will be no large volume expansion and heat radiation. If the seepage is large, the gypsum reaction will release a large amount of heat and the volume will expand significantly. Then the membrane in the first space will break, and some water will enter the next space, react with the gypsum in the next space, continue to release heat, expand in volume, and the water will flow to the next adjacent space in sequence.

[0019] Furthermore, the integrated digital monitoring method also includes the following steps:

[0020] (2) Deformation monitoring, the process is as follows:

[0021] (2.1) Assemble the deformation monitoring subsystem;

[0022] (2.2) Drill holes and place the deformation monitoring subsystem inside the holes. During the construction of the concrete dam, the upper ends of the inner and outer pipes should be exposed.

[0023] (2.3) Fix the outer tube and the inner tube through the outer anchoring end and the inner anchoring end;

[0024] (2.4) Grouting is carried out through internal grouting pipes. The grout forms an enlarged end through the grouting diffusion hole, thereby improving the stability of the dam slope and limiting its deformation.

[0025] (2.5) When the soil is subjected to freeze-thaw cycle stress, the soil deforms at the corresponding depth and acts on the induction plate at the corresponding depth. The induction plate acts on the spring, and the strain gauge on the spring uploads the corresponding deformation value to the terminal data display subsystem. The data display subsystem observes the deformation value of the soil at different depths in real time. If the deformation value exceeds the warning value, measures can be taken immediately to ensure the safety of the dam.

[0026] Furthermore, the integrated digital monitoring method includes the following steps:

[0027] (3) Rainfall monitoring, the process is as follows:

[0028] (3.1) Assemble the rainfall monitoring subsystem, connect the upper end of the connecting pipe to the rainwater tank and the lower end to the inner pipe, and connect the drainage pipe to the drainage hole on the rainwater tank.

[0029] (3.3) When rainwater drips onto the rainwater pool, the stress sensor feeds back the force data to the terminal data display subsystem in real time. The rainfall is determined based on the magnitude of the force, and the rainfall situation is calculated so that a warning message is issued when the rainfall exceeds the set threshold, and corresponding safety measures are prompted. The water that falls into the rainwater pool enters the drainage pipe through the drainage hole and finally flows into the dam.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are mainly reflected in:

[0031] 1. The seepage monitoring system can monitor the seepage situation of the dam body in real time, promptly report problems, and accurately locate the seepage location if seepage occurs, thus avoiding danger;

[0032] 2. The deformation monitoring system can monitor soil deformation at each depth in real time and transmit the monitoring data to the terminal in real time. In particular, it can observe the effects of freeze-thaw cycles in real time. In addition, the monitoring system can also act as anchor bolts to limit soil deformation and prevent slope landslides.

[0033] 3. The rainfall monitoring system determines the rainfall situation and calculates the water flow based on the force exerted on raindrops falling into the rainwater pool;

[0034] 4. Based on drones and real-time monitoring systems, determine the danger level of reservoirs with defects and take reinforcement and remedial measures in real time. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a master plan of an integrated digital monitoring system for deformation, seepage, and rainfall in reservoirs with defects under freeze-thaw cycles.

[0036] Figure 2 Diagram of a seepage monitoring system for a reservoir with safety risks under freeze-thaw cycles;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the seepage monitoring system of a dangerous reservoir under freeze-thaw cycle conditions.

[0038] Figure 4 Diagram of a deformation monitoring system for a reservoir with defects under freeze-thaw cycles;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the deformation monitoring system for dilapidated reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles.

[0040] Figure 6 A three-dimensional diagram of the internal pipes of a deformation monitoring system for a reservoir in danger of freezing and thawing under freezing and thawing conditions;

[0041] Figure 7 Diagram of the external pipe of a deformation monitoring system for a reservoir with defects under freeze-thaw cycles;

[0042] Figure 8 A diagram of a rainfall monitoring system for a reservoir with safety risks under freeze-thaw cycles;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a top view of a rainfall monitoring system for a reservoir with potential safety hazards under freeze-thaw cycles.

[0044] Wherein: 1 is the outer shell, 2 is the fixing groove, 3 is the thin film column, 31 is the thin film partition, 4 is the umbrella-shaped adsorber, 5 is the filter screen, 6 is the temperature sensor, 7 is the humidity sensor, 8 is the gypsum, 9 is the first line, 10 is the first data acquisition instrument, 11 is the inner tube, 12 is the grouting expansion end, 13 is the grouting diffusion hole, 14 is the inner grouting pipe, 15 is the outer tube, 16 is the spring, 17 is the strain gauge, 18 is the sensing plate, 19 is the inner anchoring end, 20 is the outer anchoring end, 21 is the stress sensor, 22 is the rainwater pool, 23 is the drainage pipe, 24 is the second line, 25 is the second data acquisition instrument, 26 is the data display subsystem, 27 is the UAV, 28 is the concrete dam body, 29 is the connecting pipe and 30 is the drainage hole. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Reference Figures 1-9 An integrated digital monitoring system for reservoirs with safety risks under freeze-thaw cycles includes a seepage monitoring subsystem, a deformation monitoring subsystem, and a rainfall monitoring subsystem.

[0047] The seepage monitoring subsystem includes a housing 1, a fixing groove 2, a membrane column 3, membrane partitions 31, an umbrella-shaped adsorber 4, a filter screen 5, a temperature sensor 6, a humidity sensor 7, plaster 8, a circuit 9, and a data acquisition unit 10. One end of the umbrella-shaped adsorber 4 is attached to the concrete dam body 28, and the other end is connected to the housing 1. The temperature sensor 6 and humidity sensor 7 are located on the inner wall of the housing 1. The membrane column 3 is located inside the housing 1, with the filter screen 5 connected to its upper part and its lower end inserted into the fixing groove 2 in the housing 1. Multiple membrane partitions 31 are installed within the membrane column 3, dividing it into several small spaces. A suitable amount of plaster 8 is placed in each small space. The plaster 8 reacts with the seepage water, expanding in volume and releasing a large amount of heat, causing the membrane to gradually rupture. Combined with the values ​​from the temperature sensor 6 and humidity sensor 7, the seepage situation of the reservoir can be determined. The data collected by the temperature sensor 6 and humidity sensor 7 is transmitted to the data display subsystem via the circuit 9, and the seepage situation is determined using the temperature and humidity data.

[0048] The deformation monitoring subsystem includes an inner tube 11, a grouting enlargement end 12, a grouting diffusion hole 13, an inner grouting pipe 14, an outer tube 15, a spring 16, a strain gauge 17, a sensing plate 18, an inner anchoring end 19, an outer anchoring end 20, a second line 24, a second data acquisition instrument 25, and a data display subsystem 26. The inner tube 11 is located inside the outer tube 15, and its upper end is fixed by the inner anchoring end 19. The grouting enlargement end 12 is located at the lower end of the inner tube 11, and the grouting diffusion hole 13 is located on the grouting enlargement end 12. The inner tube 11 contains the inner grouting pipe 14. The upper end of the outer tube 15 is fixed by the outer anchoring end 20. The outer tube 15 is connected to the sensing plate 18 by the spring 16. The strain gauge 17 is located in the middle of the spring 16. The monitoring data of the strain gauge 17 is transmitted to the data display subsystem 26 through the second line 24 and the second data acquisition instrument 25.

[0049] The rainfall monitoring subsystem includes a stress sensor 21, a rainwater pool 22, a drainage pipe 23, a drone 27, a connecting pipe 29, and a drainage hole 30. The upper end of the connecting pipe 29 is threadedly connected to the rainwater pool 22, which not only fixes the position of the rainwater pool 22 and ensures that the rainwater pool 22 faces upward to collect rainwater, but also threadedly connects the lower end to the inner pipe 11. The upper end of the drainage pipe 23 is threadedly connected to the drainage hole 30 on the rainwater pool 22, and the drainage hole 30 is located on the rainwater pool 22.

[0050] The system also includes a drone 27, which is equipped with a high-definition camera to inspect and monitor areas with abnormal data, grasp the deformation of the dam body and rainfall conditions, promptly detect potential dangers, and take safety measures. This scheme is an optimized configuration scheme, which is more conducive to monitoring.

[0051] An integrated digital monitoring method for dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles includes the following steps:

[0052] (1) Seepage monitoring, the process is as follows:

[0053] (1.1) Based on the needs of reservoir seepage monitoring, seepage monitoring points shall be set up, and the layout and spacing of the monitoring points shall be determined;

[0054] (1.2) Assemble the seepage monitoring system according to the drawings, drill holes with a drilling rig, and put the seepage monitoring subsystem into the holes. The edge of the umbrella-shaped adsorber 4 should be in contact with the concrete dam body 28 so that the seepage water can enter the membrane column 3.

[0055] (1.3) Pour concrete into the dam body 28;

[0056] (1.4) If seepage occurs at a certain location in the concrete dam body 28, the corresponding water enters the first space at the top of the membrane column 3 through the umbrella-shaped adsorber 4 and the filter screen 5. If it is a small amount of water reacting with the gypsum, there will be no large volume expansion and heat radiation. If the seepage is large, the reaction of the gypsum 8 will release a large amount of heat and cause a large volume expansion. The membrane in the first space will then break, and some water will enter the next space, react with the gypsum 8 in the next space, continue to release heat, and expand in volume. The water flows to the next space in sequence...

[0057] (1.5) At the same time, the values ​​of temperature sensor 6 and humidity sensor 7 in the outer shell 1 will continue to increase, and the results will be fed back to the terminal data display subsystem 26 in real time. When the preset threshold is reached, it indicates that the seepage in the dam body is large and the corresponding location needs to be repaired.

[0058] (2) Deformation monitoring, the process is as follows:

[0059] (2.1) Assemble the deformation monitoring subsystem according to the drawings;

[0060] (2.2) Drill holes and place the deformation monitoring subsystem inside the holes. Concrete dam body 28 is constructed. During construction, the upper ends of the inner pipe 11 and the outer pipe 15 should be exposed.

[0061] (2.3) The outer tube 15 and the inner tube 11 are fixed by the outer anchoring end 20 and the inner anchoring end 19;

[0062] (2.4) Grouting is carried out through the internal grouting pipe 14. The grout forms an enlarged end through the grouting diffusion hole 13, thereby improving the stability of the dam slope and limiting its deformation.

[0063] (2.5) When the soil is subjected to freeze-thaw cycles or other stresses, the soil deforms at the corresponding depth and acts on the sensing plate 18 at the corresponding depth. The sensing plate 18 acts on the spring 16, and the strain gauge 17 on the spring 16 uploads the corresponding deformation value to the terminal data display subsystem 26. The data display subsystem 26 can monitor the deformation values ​​of soil at different depths in real time. If the deformation value exceeds the warning value, measures can be taken immediately to ensure the safety of the dam.

[0064] For cases involving the use of drones 27, the following are also included:

[0065] (2.6) At the same time, for areas with abnormal monitoring data, inspections are carried out using drones equipped with high-definition cameras to grasp the overall deformation of the dam body, promptly detect potential dangers, and take safety measures.

[0066] (3) Rainfall monitoring, the process is as follows:

[0067] (3.1) Assemble the rainfall monitoring subsystem according to the drawings. The upper end of the connecting pipe 29 is connected to the rainwater pool 22 by a thread, and the lower end is connected to the inner pipe 11 by a thread. The drainage pipe 23 is connected to the drainage hole 30 on the rainwater pool 22 by a thread.

[0068] (3.2) When rainwater drips onto the rainwater pool 22, the stress sensor 21 feeds back the force data to the terminal data display subsystem 26 in real time. The amount of rainfall can be determined based on the magnitude of the force, so as to calculate the rainfall situation and take corresponding safety measures when the rainfall is large. The water that falls into the rainwater pool 22 enters the drainage pipe 23 through the drainage hole 30 and finally flows into the dam.

[0069] For the use of drone 27, it also includes: (3.3) using drone 27 equipped with a high-definition camera for inspection, to grasp the overall rainfall situation of the dam body, and to conduct key inspections of monitored abnormal areas to promptly detect potential dangers. This embodiment is applied to a reservoir in Northeast China with a watershed control area of ​​419 km². 2 The area upstream of the dam site is primarily mountainous and hilly, controlling a drainage area of ​​419 km². 2 The main channel upstream of the dam site is 41.65 km long, with a channel gradient of 4.75‰. The reservoir mainly consists of a dam, spillway, and water conveyance tunnel. Since its construction, the reservoir has undergone several expansions and reinforcements, which can be divided into four stages: initial construction, continued construction, reinforcement and safety improvement, and emergency flood control. After a series of expansions and reinforcements, the reservoir's current flood control standard is a 100-year return period, and the check standard is a 1000-year return period. After reinforcement and safety improvement, the reservoir's 100-year return period design flood level is 88.49 m, with a corresponding discharge of 2390 m³. 3 / s, corresponding reservoir capacity 34.3838 million m³ 3The once-in-a-millennium check flood level is 90.73m, with a corresponding discharge of 4480m³. 3 / s, corresponding reservoir capacity 53.3977 million m³ 3 The reservoir's designed normal water level is 84.50m. During operation, the reservoir is affected by freeze-thaw cycles. Traditional monitoring methods are inefficient and produce delayed data. Utilizing an integrated digital monitoring system for deformation, seepage, and rainfall in the reservoir not only provides efficient and real-time feedback on seepage, deformation, and rainfall conditions, but also reinforces the dam slopes, significantly reducing operational risks, improving efficiency, and saving costs.

[0070] The implementation scheme of this embodiment is as follows:

[0071] (1) Seepage monitoring, the process is as follows:

[0072] (1.1) Seepage monitoring points shall be set up according to the needs of reservoir seepage monitoring. The monitoring points shall be arranged in a quincunx pattern with a spacing of 10m.

[0073] (1.2) Assemble the seepage monitoring subsystem according to the drawings. Place the gypsum 8 into each space of the membrane column 3. Place the installed membrane column 3 into the outer shell 1. The lower end of the membrane column 3 needs to be inserted into the fixing groove 2. The filter screen 5 at the upper end of the membrane column 3 should be installed securely to prevent soil from entering the membrane column 3. The edge of the umbrella-shaped adsorber 4 should be in contact with the concrete dam 28 so that seepage water can enter the membrane column 3.

[0074] (1.3) Pour concrete into the dam body 28;

[0075] (1.4) If seepage occurs at a certain location in the concrete dam body 28, the corresponding water enters the first space at the top of the membrane column 3 through the umbrella-shaped adsorber 4 and the filter screen 5. If it is a small amount of water reacting with the gypsum, there will be no large volume expansion and heat radiation. If the seepage is large, the reaction of the gypsum 8 will release a large amount of heat and cause a large volume expansion. The membrane in the first space will then break, and some water will enter the next space, react with the gypsum 8 in the next space, continue to release heat, and expand in volume. The water flows to the next space in sequence...

[0076] (1.5) At the same time, the values ​​of temperature sensor 6 and humidity sensor 7 in the outer shell 1 will continue to increase, and the results will be fed back to the terminal data display subsystem 26 in real time. When the preset threshold is reached, it indicates that the seepage in the dam body is large and the corresponding location needs to be repaired.

[0077] (2) Deformation monitoring, the process is as follows:

[0078] (2.1) Assemble the deformation monitoring subsystem according to the drawings;

[0079] (2.2) Drill holes and place the deformation monitoring system inside the holes. Concrete dam body 28 is constructed. During construction, the upper ends of the inner pipe 11 and the outer pipe 15 should be exposed.

[0080] (2.3) The outer tube 15 and the inner tube 11 are fixed by the outer anchoring end 20 and the inner anchoring end 19;

[0081] (2.4) Grouting is carried out through the internal grouting pipe 14. The grout forms an enlarged end through the grouting diffusion hole 13, thereby improving the stability of the dam slope and limiting its deformation.

[0082] (2.5) When the soil is subjected to freeze-thaw cycles or other forces, the soil deforms at the corresponding depth and acts on the sensing plate 18 at the corresponding depth. The sensing plate 18 acts on the spring 16, and the strain gauge 17 on the spring 16 uploads the corresponding deformation value to the terminal data display subsystem 26. The data display subsystem 26 can monitor the deformation values ​​of soil at different depths in real time. If the deformation value exceeds the warning level, measures can be taken immediately to ensure the safety of the dam.

[0083] (3) Rainfall monitoring, the process is as follows:

[0084] (3.1) Assemble the rainfall monitoring subsystem according to the drawings. The upper end of the connecting pipe 29 is connected to the rainwater pool 22 by a thread, and the lower end is connected to the inner pipe 11 by a thread. The drainage pipe 23 is connected to the drainage hole 30 on the rainwater pool 22 by a thread.

[0085] (3.2) When rainwater drips onto the rainwater pool 22, the stress sensor 21 feeds back the force data to the terminal data display subsystem 26 in real time. The amount of rainfall can be determined based on the magnitude of the force, so as to calculate the rainfall situation and take corresponding safety measures when the rainfall is large. The water that falls into the rainwater pool 22 enters the drainage pipe 23 through the drainage hole 30 and finally flows into the dam.

[0086] If a section experiences excessive deformation, abnormal seepage data, or heavy rainfall, drones equipped with high-definition cameras will be used to inspect the areas with abnormal monitoring data. This will allow for a comprehensive understanding of the dam's deformation and rainfall conditions, enabling timely detection of potential hazards and the implementation of appropriate measures to ensure the dam's safety.

[0087] The embodiments described in this specification are merely examples of implementations of the inventive concept and are for illustrative purposes only. The scope of protection of this invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms described in these embodiments; rather, it extends to equivalent technical means conceived by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. An integrated digital monitoring system for dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles, characterized in that, The integrated digital monitoring system includes a seepage monitoring subsystem and a data display subsystem. The seepage monitoring subsystem includes a shell, a fixing groove, a thin film column, a thin film partition, an umbrella-shaped adsorber, a filter screen, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and plaster. One end of the umbrella-shaped adsorber is adsorbed onto the concrete dam, and the other end is connected to the shell. The temperature sensor and humidity sensor are located on the inner wall of the shell. The thin film column is located inside the shell, with the filter screen connected to its upper part and its lower end inserted into the fixing groove in the shell. Plaster, which reacts with the seepage water, expands in volume, releases a large amount of heat, and causes the film to gradually rupture. The temperature sensor and humidity sensor are communicatively connected to the data display subsystem.

2. The integrated digital monitoring system for dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thin-film column is provided with multiple thin-film partitions, which divide the thin-film column into multiple small spaces, and the plaster is placed in the small spaces.

3. The integrated digital monitoring system for dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The integrated digital monitoring system also includes a deformation monitoring subsystem. The monitoring subsystem includes an inner tube, a grouting expansion end, a grouting diffusion hole, an inner grouting pipe, an outer tube, a spring, a strain gauge, a sensing plate, an inner anchoring end, and an outer anchoring end. The inner tube is located inside the outer tube, and the upper end of the inner tube is fixed by the inner anchoring end. The grouting expansion end is located at the lower end of the inner tube, and the grouting diffusion hole is located on the grouting expansion end. The inner cavity of the inner tube is an inner grouting pipe. The upper end of the outer tube is fixed by the outer anchoring end. The outer tube is connected to the sensing plate by a spring. The strain gauge is located in the middle of the spring. The strain gauge monitoring data and the data display subsystem are communicatively connected.

4. The integrated digital monitoring system for dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature sensor and humidity sensor transmit the collected data to the data display system via the first data acquisition instrument through the first line, and the seepage situation is determined by the temperature and humidity data; the strain gauge monitoring data is transmitted to the data display subsystem via the second line and the data acquisition instrument.

5. The integrated digital monitoring system for dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The integrated digital monitoring system also includes a rainfall monitoring subsystem, which includes a stress sensor, a rainwater pool, a drainage pipe, a connecting pipe, and a drainage hole. The stress sensor is located on the upper surface of the rainwater pool. The upper end of the connecting pipe is connected to the rainwater pool, and the lower end of the connecting pipe is connected to the inner pipe. The upper end of the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage hole on the rainwater pool, and the drainage hole is located on the rainwater pool. The stress sensor is communicatively connected to the data display subsystem.

6. The integrated digital monitoring system for dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The integrated digital monitoring system also includes drones, which use high-definition cameras to inspect and monitor areas with abnormal data, and to understand the deformation of the dam and rainfall conditions.

7. A method for implementing the integrated digital monitoring system for dangerous reservoirs under freeze-thaw cycles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: (1) Seepage monitoring, the process is as follows: (1.1) Based on the needs of reservoir seepage monitoring, seepage monitoring points shall be set up, and the layout and spacing of the monitoring points shall be determined; (1.2) Assemble the seepage monitoring subsystem. Drill holes using a drilling rig and place the seepage monitoring subsystem into the holes. The edge of the umbrella-shaped adsorber contacts the concrete dam body so that seepage water can enter the membrane column. (1.3) Pouring concrete for the dam body; (1.4) If seepage occurs at a certain location in the concrete dam, the corresponding water enters the membrane column through the umbrella-shaped adsorber and filter screen. The water and gypsum react, releasing heat and expanding in volume. (1.5) At the same time, the values ​​of the temperature sensor and humidity sensor in the shell will continue to increase, and the results will be fed back to the terminal data display subsystem in real time. When the preset threshold is reached, it indicates that the seepage in the dam body is large and the corresponding location needs to be repaired.

8. The method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The membrane column is provided with multiple membrane partitions to divide the membrane column into multiple small spaces, in which the gypsum is placed; in (1.4), if seepage occurs at a certain position of the concrete dam, the corresponding water enters the first space at the top of the membrane column through the umbrella-shaped adsorber and filter. If it is a small amount of water reacting with the gypsum, there will be no large volume expansion and heat radiation. If the seepage is large, the gypsum reaction will release a large amount of heat and the volume will expand significantly. Then the membrane in the first space will break, and some water will enter the next space, react with the gypsum in the next space, continue to release heat, expand in volume, and the water will flow to the next adjacent space in sequence.

9. The method as described in claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The method further includes the following steps: (2) Deformation monitoring, the process is as follows: (2.1) Assemble the deformation monitoring subsystem; (2.2) Drill holes and place the deformation monitoring subsystem inside the holes. During the construction of the concrete dam, the upper ends of the inner and outer pipes should be exposed. (2.3) Fix the outer tube and the inner tube through the outer anchoring end and the inner anchoring end; (2.4) Grouting is carried out through internal grouting pipes. The grout forms an enlarged end through the grouting diffusion hole, thereby improving the stability of the dam slope and limiting its deformation. (2.5) When the soil is subjected to freeze-thaw cycle stress, the soil deforms at the corresponding depth and acts on the induction plate at the corresponding depth. The induction plate acts on the spring, and the strain gauge on the spring uploads the corresponding deformation value to the terminal data display subsystem. The data display subsystem observes the deformation value of the soil at different depths in real time. If the deformation value exceeds the warning value, measures can be taken immediately to ensure the safety of the dam.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The integrated digital monitoring method, as described by Hu Hai, includes the following steps: (3) Rainfall monitoring, the process is as follows: (3.1) Assemble the rainfall monitoring subsystem, connect the upper end of the connecting pipe to the rainwater tank and the lower end to the inner pipe, and connect the drainage pipe to the drainage hole on the rainwater tank. (3.3) When rainwater drips onto the rainwater pool, the stress sensor feeds back the force data to the terminal data display subsystem in real time. The rainfall is determined based on the magnitude of the force, and the rainfall situation is calculated so that an alarm message is issued when the rainfall exceeds the set threshold, and corresponding safety measures are prompted. The water that falls into the rainwater pool enters the drainage pipe through the drainage hole and finally flows into the dam.

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