Device for detecting root knot nematode disease of field soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil root-knot nematode disease detection, in particular to a field soil root-knot nematode disease detection device which comprises a box body, a detection device and a control device, and a feeding port is formed in the upper end face of the box body; the mixing assembly comprises a first fixing frame fixedly installed in the box body, an oscillation device is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the first fixing frame, and a material loading barrel used for loading detected soil is installed on the upper end face of the oscillation device in a sliding mode; and the driving assembly comprises casing pipes symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the material carrying barrel, and sliding rods are installed on the inner walls of the casing pipes in a sliding mode. Through the synergistic effect of the linear driving device, the sliding rod and the chuck of the driving assembly, clamping, lifting and dumping operation of the material carrying barrel is automatically completed, a traditional manual sample transferring process is replaced, a mixture is directly received in combination with the bearing barrel of the separation assembly, external exposure of a sample in the transferring process is avoided, and the detection reliability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil root-knot nematode disease detection technology, specifically to a device for detecting the severity of soil root-knot nematode disease in field soil. Background Technology

[0002] Root-knot nematode disease is a soil-borne disease caused by nematodes of the genus *Root-knot Nematode* infecting the root system of crops. It is common in field crops such as grains, oilseeds, and vegetables, and can lead to root deformities, reduced absorption capacity, and ultimately reduced yield or even crop failure. Taking a device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil disclosed in patent CN215115276U as an example, although existing soil sampling devices can achieve convenient stratified sampling, they still have significant limitations: First, the sampling equipment only completes soil extraction, and the samples need to be manually transferred to the laboratory for complex processing, which is cumbersome and prone to sample contamination; Second, traditional nematode separation relies on static filtration or centrifugation, which has a separation efficiency of less than 30% for tiny nematodes (especially second-instar larvae) in heavy clay soils, and it is difficult to effectively remove soil impurities; Third, the separation process requires multiple container transfers, which damages the activity of nematodes and affects the accuracy of detection. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil, which can effectively solve the problem of complex soil collection processes in existing technologies.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil, comprising: The box body has a feed inlet on its upper surface; A mixing assembly, the mixing assembly including a first fixed frame fixedly installed inside the housing, an oscillation device fixedly installed on the upper end face of the first fixed frame, and a material loading bucket for loading and testing soil slidably installed on the upper end face of the oscillation device; A drive assembly includes sleeves symmetrically arranged on both sides of a material container. A slide rod is slidably installed on the inner wall of the sleeve. A connecting rod is fixedly installed at one end of the slide rod. A first rotary drive component is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting rod. A connector is fixedly installed at the output end of the first rotary drive component. A second spring is fixedly installed between the connector and a clamp. A telescopic rod is slidably installed on one side of the connector. A clamp is fixedly installed at one end of the telescopic rod. The clamp is driven to clamp and rotate the material container. The separation assembly includes a rotating sleeve disposed within a housing. The inner wall of the rotating sleeve has a reciprocating threaded groove. The inner wall of the rotating sleeve is provided with a bearing bucket for loading the soil to be tested from the material container. An ultrasonic module for vibrating the soil is fixedly installed at the bottom of the bearing bucket.

[0005] Preferably, a linear drive device is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box and on both sides of the first fixed frame. A lifting plate is fixedly installed at the output end of the linear drive device, and the side of the lifting plate near the material bucket is fixedly connected to the sleeve.

[0006] Preferably, a first spring is fixedly installed between the slide rod and the lifting plate, an outer plate is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the slide rod, and a first fixing rod is fixedly installed on one side of the outer plate.

[0007] Preferably, a vertical rod is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box, a lifting sleeve is slidably installed on the outer wall of the vertical rod, a square plate is fixedly installed on the upper end of the lifting sleeve, a sliding groove is opened in the square plate, the inner wall of the sliding groove is slidably connected to the first fixed rod, and a third spring is fixedly installed between the vertical rod and the lifting sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, the outer wall of the bearing barrel is fitted with fixed-point ball bearings, and the bearing barrel is threadedly connected to the bearing barrel through the fixed-point ball bearings. A first filter plate is fixedly installed inside the bearing barrel, and a second filter plate is fixedly installed inside the bearing barrel and below the first filter plate. Filter holes are opened in the first filter plate and the second filter plate.

[0009] Preferably, a base is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box, the upper end face of the base is rotatably connected to the rotating sleeve, a limiting sleeve is fixedly installed on the inner top of the box at the position corresponding to the rotating sleeve, a second fixing rod is slidably installed on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve, and the lower end of the second fixing rod passes through the first filter plate and the second filter plate and is fixedly connected to the inner wall section of the carrying barrel.

[0010] Preferably, a second one-way valve is embedded in a circumferential array at the inner bottom of the bearing tank, a rubber cover is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the bearing tank, an external pipe is connected to the lower end of the rubber cover, a discharge pump is fixedly installed inside the external pipe, a first one-way valve is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the external pipe, and a stirring rod is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the bearing tank below the first filter plate and the second filter plate.

[0011] Preferably, a second fixed frame is fixedly installed at the inner bottom of the box, a second rotary drive component is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the second fixed frame, the output end of the second rotary drive component passes through the second fixed frame and is fixedly installed with a turntable, and the turntable is belt-driven connected to the rotating sleeve.

[0012] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the known prior art: First, through the coordinated action of the linear drive device, slide bar and chuck of the drive component, the clamping, lifting and tilting of the material container is completed automatically, replacing the traditional manual sample transfer process. Combined with the carrier container of the separation component, the mixture is directly received, avoiding external exposure of the sample during the transfer process and improving the reliability of the detection. Secondly, to address the issue of low separation rate of second-instar larvae (J2) in heavy clay soil, an ultrasonic module (output frequency 40kHz) and a stirring rod are integrated to mechanically agitate and improve the nematode detachment efficiency. Combined with dual-stage filtration (the first filter plate is a 20-mesh sieve and the second filter plate is a 400-mesh sieve) to precisely remove impurities, and the filtration process is accelerated by pressure assistance from a rubber cover (the second one-way valve is linked with the first one-way valve). Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hybrid component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the separation component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the separation component of the present invention.

[0015] Reference numerals: 1. Box body; 101. Feed inlet; 2. Mixing component; 201. First fixed frame; 202. Vibrating device; 203. Material container; 3. Drive component; 301. Linear drive device; 302. Lifting plate; 303. Sleeve; 304. Slide rod; 305. First spring; 306. Outer plate; 307. First fixed rod; 308. Connecting rod; 309. First rotary drive component; 310. Connector; 311. Telescopic rod; 312. Second spring; 313. Clamp; 314. 315. Vertical rod; 316. Lifting sleeve; 317. Square plate; 318. Slide groove; 4. Separation assembly; 401. Base; 402. Rotating sleeve; 403. Bearing bucket; 404. Second fixing rod; 405. Limiting sleeve; 406. First filter plate; 407. Second filter plate; 408. Stirring rod; 409. Rubber cover; 410. First one-way valve; 411. External pipe; 412. Discharge pump; 413. Second one-way valve; 414. Second fixing frame; 415. Second rotary drive component; 416. Turntable. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0018] Example: Refer to Figures 1 to 6 A device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil, comprising: Box 1, with a feed inlet 101 on the upper end face; The mixing component 2 includes a first fixing frame 201 fixedly installed inside the housing 1. An oscillation device 202 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the first fixing frame 201. The oscillation device 202 is an existing device. It is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the first fixing frame 201 and drives the material container 203 to oscillate at a frequency of 200 r / min for 10 minutes to generate periodic shear force in the soil-water mixture, thereby destroying the soil aggregate structure and weakening the adhesion between nematodes and particles. With the addition of 0.05% Tween-20 surfactant solution, it significantly enhances the release efficiency of second-instar larvae (J2) in heavy clay soil (increases by 15%-20%), providing a sufficiently dispersed nematode sample for subsequent separation processes. The material container 203 for loading and testing soil is slidably installed on the upper surface of the oscillation device 202. The drive assembly 3 includes sleeves 303 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the material container 203. A slide rod 304 is slidably installed on the inner wall of the sleeve 303. A connecting rod 308 is fixedly installed at one end of the slide rod 304. A first rotary drive component 309 is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting rod 308. A connector 310 is fixedly installed at the output end of the first rotary drive component 309. A second spring 312 is fixedly installed between the connector 310 and the clamp 313. A telescopic rod 311 is slidably installed on one side of the connector 310. A clamp 313 is fixedly installed at one end of the telescopic rod 311. The clamp 313 is driven to clamp and rotate the material container 203. The separation component 4 includes a rotating sleeve 402 disposed inside the housing 1. The inner wall of the rotating sleeve 402 is provided with a reciprocating threaded groove. The inner wall of the rotating sleeve 402 is provided with a bearing bucket 403 for loading the soil to be tested in the material bucket 203. An ultrasonic module for vibrating the soil is fixedly installed at the bottom of the bearing bucket 403. The ultrasonic module is an existing device (fixed at the bottom of the bearing bucket 403). By outputting a 40kHz high-frequency vibration wave, a cavitation effect is generated during the reciprocating lifting and lowering of the bearing bucket 403, causing the body membrane of the second-instar larva (J2) adhering to the soil particles to rupture and peel off. At the same time, the high-frequency vibration accelerates the separation of nematodes from impurities, combined with the mechanical disturbance of the stirring rod 408 and the action of surfactant.

[0019] Reference Figures 3 to 4 A linear drive device 301 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box 1 and on both sides of the first fixed frame 201. A lifting plate 302 is fixedly installed at the output end of the linear drive device 301. A sleeve 303 is fixedly installed on the side of the lifting plate 302 near the material bucket 203. A slide rod 304 is slidably installed on the inner wall of the sleeve 303.

[0020] Reference Figures 3 to 4 A linear drive device 301 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box 1 and on both sides of the first fixed frame 201. A lifting plate 302 is fixedly installed at the output end of the linear drive device 301. The side of the lifting plate 302 near the material bucket 203 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 303.

[0021] Reference Figures 3 to 4A vertical rod 314 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box 1. A lifting sleeve 315 is slidably installed on the outer wall of the vertical rod 314. A square plate 316 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the lifting sleeve 315. A sliding groove 317 is opened in the square plate 316. The inner wall of the sliding groove 317 is slidably connected to the first fixed rod 307. A third spring is fixedly installed between the vertical rod 314 and the lifting sleeve 315. When the linear drive device 301 pushes the lifting plate 302 to move upward, the sliding rod 304 responds with a delayed response through the first spring 305, causing the first fixed rod 307 to slide along the inclined surface of the sliding groove 317, forcing the sliding rod 304 to extend radially. At this time, after the clamp 313 contacts the material bucket 203, the telescopic rod 311 retracts and compresses the second spring 312 to form a constant clamping force and avoid mechanical damage.

[0022] Reference Figures 5 to 6 The outer wall of the bearing tank 403 is fitted with fixed-point ball bearings, and the bearing tank 403 is threadedly connected to the bearing tank 403 via the fixed-point ball bearings. A first filter plate 406 is fixedly installed inside the bearing tank 403, and a second filter plate 407 is fixedly installed inside the bearing tank 403 and below the first filter plate 406. Filter holes are opened in the first filter plate 406 and the second filter plate 407. A base 401 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box 1. The upper end face of the base 401 is rotatably connected to the rotating sleeve 402. A limit sleeve 405 is fixedly installed at the inner top of the box 1 and at the position corresponding to the rotating sleeve 402. A second fixing rod 404 is slidably installed on the inner wall of the limit sleeve 405. The lower end of the second fixing rod 404 passes through the first filter plate 406 and the second filter plate 407 and is fixedly connected to the inner wall section of the bearing tank 403.

[0023] Reference Figures 5 to 6 The inner bottom of the carrying tank 403 is circumferentially arrayed with a second one-way valve 413. A rubber cover 409 is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the carrying tank 403. The lower end of the rubber cover 409 is connected to an outer pipe 411. A discharge pump 412 is fixedly installed inside the outer pipe 411. A first one-way valve 410 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the outer pipe 411. A stirring rod 408 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the carrying tank 403 and below the first filter plate 406 and the second filter plate 407. A second rotary drive component 415 is also included. Driven by the turntable 416, the rotating sleeve 402 rotates, and the bearing bucket 403 is constrained by the reciprocating threaded groove and fixed ball bearings, making a vertical reciprocating motion of ±50mm at a frequency of 20 times / minute. During this process, the stirring rod 408 disturbs the filter cake layer to prevent caking, and the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic module (40kHz) is enhanced by 3 times in the dynamic environment, directly peeling off the soil particles adhering to the surface of the nematode. The limiting sleeve 405 and the second fixing rod 404 constrain the bearing bucket 403 to move only axially, avoiding rotational interference with filtration.

[0024] Reference Figures 5 to 6A second fixed frame 414 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner end of the housing 1. A second rotary drive component 415 is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the second fixed frame 414. The output end of the second rotary drive component 415 passes through the second fixed frame 414 and is fixedly installed with a turntable 416. The turntable 416 is connected to the rotating sleeve 402 by belt drive. After the first filter plate 406 (20-mesh sieve) intercepts impurities >850μm, the mixture penetrates the second filter plate 407 (400-mesh sieve) under negative pressure. At this time, nematodes <38μm enter the rubber cover 409 cavity with the filtrate through the second one-way valve 413, and are finally output to the existing detection module by the discharge pump 412 through the external pipe 411. There is no manual transfer throughout the process.

[0025] The working principle of this invention is as follows: 200g of field soil was mixed with 500mL of deionized water, and 0.1% sodium pyrophosphate (for dispersing clay particles) was added. This mixture was then poured into the loading container 203 through inlet 101. The mixture was then vibrated using the shaking device 202 for 10 minutes. It should be noted that if the field soil is heavy clay soil, an additional 0.05% sodium pyrophosphate solution should be added. Tween-20 (surfactant) is used to increase the nematode release rate by 15%–20%. After the oscillation period is complete, the lifting plate 302 is moved by activating the linear drive device 301. The lifting plate 302 moves the sleeve 303, slide rod 304, connecting rod 308, first rotary drive component 309, telescopic rod 311, and clamp 313 upwards. When the slide rod 304 rises, it moves together with the first fixed rod 307. The first fixed rod 307 slides against the inner wall of the chute 317, causing the slide rod 304 to move away from the lifting plate 302. This causes the clamp 313 to approach and clamp the outer wall of the material container 203. The telescopic rod 311 slides inwards when the clamp 313 clamps the material container 203. Connector 31… The compression of the second spring 312 causes the clamp 313 to elastically hold the material container 203. After the material container 203 rises continuously and disengages from the vibrating device 202, the first rotary drive 309 is activated to drive the clamp 313 to rotate the material container 203, causing the mixture in the material container 203 to be poured into the bearing container 403. It should be noted that after the first fixing rod 307 slides on the inner wall of the slide groove 317, it will cause the square plate 316 and the lifting sleeve 315 to slide on the outer wall of the vertical rod 314 and stretch the third spring. In this way, after the square plate 316 descends, the stretched third spring can reset the lifting sleeve 315. The sliding of the lifting sleeve 315 and the outer wall of the vertical rod 314 can increase the height of the square plate 316, so that it can rise even when the first fixing rod 307 slides to the top in the slide groove 317. By activating the ultrasonic module and the second rotary drive 415, the second rotary drive 415 drives the turntable 416 to rotate. The turntable 416 drives the rotating sleeve 402 to rotate above the base 401 via a belt. The rotating sleeve 402 drives the carrying tank 403 to move up and down reciprocally on the inner wall of the rotating sleeve 402 through the reciprocating threaded groove and the fixed ball bearing. This causes the mixture poured into the carrying tank 403 to be filtered sequentially through the first filter plate 406 and the second filter plate 407. It should be noted that the first filter plate 406 has a 20-mesh sieve (850μm) for filtration. Used to remove stones and roots from the mixture, the second filter plate 407 has a 400-mesh sieve (38μm) filter size. During the reciprocating motion of the carrying tank 403, the stirring rod 408 is driven to stir the mixture. The ultrasonic module can improve the detachment efficiency of second-instar larvae (J2) in the mixture. During the reciprocating motion of the carrying tank 403, the rubber cover 409 is continuously compressed or released. When the rubber cover 409 is compressed, the second one-way valve 413 closes and the first one-way valve 410 opens, increasing the gas or liquid pressure inside the rubber cover 409. The internal gas or liquid flows out through the first one-way valve 410 to the external pipe 411. Internal conveying: When the rubber cover 409 is not compressed and is released, the second one-way valve 413 opens and the first one-way valve 410 closes, reducing the air pressure inside the rubber cover 409. The mixture filtered by the second filter plate 407 flows downwards to the carrying tank 403 through the second one-way valve 413, thereby increasing the filtration efficiency of the mixture. When the carrying tank 403 is driven to rise and fall, it will drive the second fixing rod 404 to slide inside the limiting sleeve 405. The second fixing rod 404 and the inner wall of the limiting sleeve 405 are in a limiting sliding relationship, thereby restricting the synchronous rotation of the carrying tank 403 and the rotating sleeve 402, so that the carrying tank 403 can reciprocate up and down inside the rotating sleeve 402.

[0026] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil, characterized in that, include: Box (1), the upper end face of which is provided with a feed inlet (101); The mixing component (2) includes a first fixing frame (201) fixedly installed inside the box (1), an oscillation device (202) fixedly installed on the upper end face of the first fixing frame (201), and a material bucket (203) for loading and testing soil slidably installed on the upper end face of the oscillation device (202). The drive assembly (3) includes sleeves (303) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the material container (203). A slide rod (304) is slidably installed on the inner wall of the sleeve (303). A connecting rod (308) is fixedly installed at one end of the slide rod (304). A first rotary drive component (309) is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting rod (308). A connector (310) is fixedly installed at the output end of the first rotary drive component (309). A second spring (312) is fixedly installed between the connector (310) and the clamp (313). A telescopic rod (311) is slidably installed on one side of the connector (310). A clamp (313) is fixedly installed at one end of the telescopic rod (311). The clamp (313) is driven to clamp and rotate the material container (203). The separation component (4) includes a rotating sleeve (402) disposed inside the housing (1). The inner wall of the rotating sleeve (402) is provided with a reciprocating thread groove. The inner wall of the rotating sleeve (402) is provided with a bearing bucket (403) for loading the soil to be tested in the loading bucket (203). An ultrasonic module for vibrating the soil is fixedly installed at the bottom of the bearing bucket (403).

2. The device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, Linear drive devices (301) are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box (1) and on both sides of the first fixed frame (201). A lifting plate (302) is fixedly installed at the output end of the linear drive device (301). The lifting plate (302) is fixedly connected to the sleeve (303) on the side near the material bucket (203).

3. The device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first spring (305) is fixedly installed between the slide rod (304) and the lifting plate (302). An outer plate (306) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the slide rod (304). A first fixing rod (307) is fixedly installed on one side of the outer plate (306).

4. The device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil according to claim 3, characterized in that, A vertical rod (314) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box (1). A lifting sleeve (315) is slidably installed on the outer wall of the vertical rod (314). A square plate (316) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the lifting sleeve (315). A sliding groove (317) is opened in the square plate (316). The inner wall of the sliding groove (317) is slidably connected to the first fixed rod (307). A third spring is fixedly installed between the vertical rod (314) and the lifting sleeve (315).

5. The device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the bearing barrel (403) is fitted with fixed ball bearings. The bearing barrel (403) is threadedly connected to the bearing barrel (403) through the fixed ball bearings. A first filter plate (406) is fixedly installed inside the bearing barrel (403). A second filter plate (407) is fixedly installed inside the bearing barrel (403) and below the first filter plate (406). Filter holes are opened in the first filter plate (406) and the second filter plate (407).

6. The device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil according to claim 4, characterized in that, A base (401) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the box (1). The upper end face of the base (401) is rotatably connected to the rotating sleeve (402). A limiting sleeve (405) is fixedly installed on the inner top of the box (1) at the position corresponding to the rotating sleeve (402). A second fixing rod (404) is slidably installed on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve (405). The lower end of the second fixing rod (404) passes through the first filter plate (406) and the second filter plate (407) and is fixedly connected to the inner wall section of the carrying bucket (403).

7. The device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner bottom of the support tank (403) is circumferentially arrayed with a second one-way valve (413). A rubber cover (409) is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the support tank (403). The lower end of the rubber cover (409) is connected to an outer pipe (411). A discharge pump (412) is fixedly installed inside the outer pipe (411). A first one-way valve (410) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the outer pipe (411). A stirring rod (408) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the support tank (403) and below the first filter plate (406) and the second filter plate (407).

8. The device for detecting root-knot nematode disease in field soil according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bottom inner end of the housing (1) is fixedly installed with a second fixed frame (414), and the lower end face of the second fixed frame (414) is fixedly installed with a second rotary drive (415). The output end of the second rotary drive (415) passes through the second fixed frame (414) and is fixedly installed with a turntable (416). The turntable (416) is connected to the rotating sleeve (402) by belt drive.

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