Two-phase cold plate

Abstract

The invention provides a two-phase cold plate which comprises a base, an upper cover and a speed reducing part, the base is provided with a plurality of fins to form a plurality of liquid cooling flow channels, and the top ends of the plurality of fins are provided with at least one coverage area; the upper cover is arranged on the base, a cavity is defined by the upper cover and the base, the upper cover is provided with an inlet portion, an outlet portion and a partition portion, the inlet portion and the outlet portion are communicated with the cavity, the partition portion is located between the inlet portion and the outlet portion, the partition portion makes contact with the covering area, and the speed reduction part is arranged at the position of the inlet portion. By means of the arrangement of the speed reducing part, the flow speed of the cooling fluid flowing into the cavity is slowed down, the cooling fluid can conduct heat exchange evenly and fully, and the cooling and heat dissipation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a water-cooled heat dissipation device for electronic devices, and more particularly to a two-phase cold plate that utilizes a speed reducer to slow down the flow rate of the cooling fluid, thereby enabling the cooling fluid to be evenly distributed and fully exchange heat. Background Technology

[0002] In electronic devices, such as servers, there are various electronic components inside, such as central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). These electronic components generate heat when they are operating, so coolant must be used to cool them to prevent the electronic components from malfunctioning due to overheating, which could lead to the entire server becoming unusable.

[0003] However, with the rapid advancement of AI technology and advanced packaging processes, the wattage of chip heat sources continues to increase, accompanied by the generation of hot spots. This renders current mainstream single-phase liquid cooling solutions inadequate for future needs. Two-phase evaporative cooling, on the other hand, can meet these future demands. This type of cooling absorbs a significant amount of heat through the latent heat of vaporization (liquid to gas), addressing the issue of high heat flux over a single area. However, because two-phase cooling involves simultaneous interaction between liquid and gas, excessively high flow rates can lead to uneven distribution of the cooling fluid and uneven heat exchange within the system, resulting in poor overall cooling efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, how to solve the technical problems of uneven cooling fluid distribution and uneven heat exchange caused by excessively fast cooling fluid flow in two-phase water-cooled plate structures is a direction that relevant developers are eager to study and improve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, in order to effectively solve the above problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a two-phase cold plate that can effectively reduce the flow rate of cooling fluid.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a two-phase cold plate, comprising: a base having a body and a plurality of fins, the body having a heat-absorbing side and a heat-conducting side opposite to the heat-absorbing side, the plurality of fins being disposed on the heat-conducting side and forming a plurality of liquid cooling channels between the plurality of fins, wherein a covering area is provided on the top of the plurality of fins; a top cover disposed on the base and defining a chamber therebetween the base, the top cover having an inlet portion, an outlet portion communicating with the chamber and a partition portion located between the inlet portion and the outlet portion, the partition portion contacting the covering area; and a speed reduction member disposed at the inlet portion of the top cover.

[0007] Each of the fins includes a starting end and a ending end. At the starting end and the ending end of the plurality of fins, a plurality of liquid inlets and a plurality of liquid outlets are respectively formed, which are connected to the plurality of liquid cooling channels. The inlet portion is connected to the plurality of liquid inlets, and the outlet portion is connected to the plurality of liquid outlets.

[0008] The speed reducer and the top cover are integrally formed.

[0009] The speed reduction component includes an annular obstruction.

[0010] The speed reduction component includes a grid-like or fence-like structure.

[0011] The speed reducer includes a porous cylinder.

[0012] The inlet has an input opening, and the deceleration component has a deceleration opening, the size of which is smaller than the size of the input opening.

[0013] The inlet has an input opening, and the outlet has an output opening, the size of which is larger than the size of the input opening.

[0014] The speed reducer includes a funnel-shaped channel.

[0015] Each of the plurality of fins has an uncovered area at its top, the height of which is less than or equal to the height of the covered area.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: at least one support member disposed on the upper cover, the base having a slot, the support member being inserted into the slot to support the upper cover and engage with the base.

[0017] Therefore, the two-phase cold plate provided by the present invention uses a speed reduction component to slow down the flow rate of the cooling fluid entering the chamber, so that the cooling fluid can be evenly distributed to carry out heat exchange in a comprehensive, sufficient and uniform manner, thereby greatly improving the cooling and heat dissipation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the two-phase cold plate of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the exploded view of the two-phase cold plate;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a two-phase cold plate;

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A side view of the base;

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A top view of the base;

[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the top cover from another direction;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another speed reduction component of the present invention disposed on the upper cover;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another speed reduction component of the present invention disposed on the upper cover;

[0026] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A top view of another speed reduction component;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of another speed-reducing component of the present invention located on the upper cover;

[0028] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A top view of another speed reduction component;

[0029] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of another speed reduction component of the present invention formed on the upper cover.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Base; 11-Body; 111-Heat-absorbing side; 112-Heat-conducting side; 12-Fin; 121-Starting end; 122-End; 123-Top; 124-Bottom; 1231-Covered area; 1232-Uncovered area; 1234-Gas escape channel; 13-Liquid cooling channel; 131-Liquid inlet; 132-Liquid outlet; 14-Recessed groove; 2-Reducing component; 21-Small diameter opening; 211-Guide part; 22-Grid or fence structure; 23-Porous column; 24-Functional channel; 3-Top cover; 31-Inlet; 311-Circular opening; 32-Outlet; 321-Circular opening; 33-Baffle part; 34-Protruding part; 4-Cavity; 5-Supporting component; 6-Slot; A-Two-phase cold plate; h1-Height; h2-Height. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention and its structural and functional characteristics will be described with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, the present invention provides a two-phase cold plate A, comprising a base 1, a speed reduction component 2, and a top cover 3. The base 1 has a body 11 and a plurality of fins 12. The body 11 has a heat-absorbing side 111 and a heat-conducting side 112 opposite to the heat-absorbing side 111. The plurality of fins 12 are disposed on the heat-conducting side 112, and the plurality of fins 12 form a plurality of liquid cooling channels 13 between each other. Each fin 12 includes a starting end 121, a terminal end 122, and a top end 123 and a bottom end 124 connecting the starting end 121 and the terminal end 122. The bottom end 124 is disposed on the heat-conducting side 112. The top end 123 of the fin 12 is provided with a covered area 1231 and at least one uncovered area 1232.

[0033] Furthermore, the upper cover 3 is disposed on the base 1 and defines a chamber 4 with the base. The upper cover 3 has an inlet 31, an outlet 32 ​​and a partition 33 located between the inlet 31 and the outlet 32, which communicate with the chamber 4. The partition 33 contacts the covered area 1231 to limit the flow. At the starting end 121 and the terminal end 122 of the plurality of fins 12, a plurality of liquid inlets 131 and a plurality of liquid outlets 132 are respectively formed to connect the plurality of liquid cooling channels 13. The inlet 31 connects to the plurality of liquid inlets 131 and the outlet 32 ​​connects to the plurality of liquid outlets 132. The deceleration member 2 is disposed at the inlet 31 of the upper cover 3. Thus, the two-phase cold plate A of the present invention can be completed.

[0034] In this embodiment, the solid arrows indicate the flow direction of the cooling fluid, while the dashed arrows indicate the flow direction of the cooling fluid after absorbing heat and turning into gas. Therefore, the term "two-phase" in the two-phase cooling plate A of this invention refers to both the liquid and gas phases, meaning that during the cooling operation of the two-phase cooling plate A, the cooling fluid in the chamber simultaneously exhibits both liquid and gas phases. Thus, the two-phase cooling plate A of this invention differs from the cooling liquid used in a typical single-phase water-cooled plate. A typical single-phase water-cooled plate uses a cooling fluid (such as pure water) that only exhibits a liquid phase during cooling. The cooling fluid used in this invention is a refrigerant.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the deceleration member 2 provided at the inlet 31 of the upper cover 3 aims to slow down the flow rate of the cooling fluid flowing into the chamber 4, allowing the cooling fluid to be evenly distributed among the liquid cooling channels within the chamber. This enables the cooling fluid to undergo uniform and sufficient heat exchange, thereby improving the overall cooling efficiency. It is understood that when the flow rate of the cooling fluid is too high, only a small portion of the cooling fluid has time to exchange heat with the heat source, while most of the cooling fluid flows out of the outlet without sufficient time for heat exchange. Therefore, the overall cooling efficiency of the cooling fluid is not high. To solve the aforementioned problem, this invention specifically provides the deceleration member (mechanism, unit, part) 2 at the inlet 31. By slowing down the flow rate of the cooling fluid through the deceleration member 2, the cooling fluid has sufficient time to undergo sufficient, uniform, and comprehensive heat exchange with the heat source, thus improving the overall cooling efficiency of the cooling fluid. At the same time, the reduced flow rate of the cooling fluid allows it to flow evenly into the plurality of inlets 131, enabling the cooling fluid to flow more consistently through the entire liquid cooling channel 13, thereby significantly improving the overall cooling efficiency and performance of the two-phase cold plate A.

[0036] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the decelerator 2 is an annular obstruction, which is integrally formed or separately assembled at the inlet 31 (i.e., the front, middle, and rear sections of the inlet). The annular obstruction has a small-diameter opening 21 of a circular, elliptical, or other geometric shape, while the inlet 31 has a circular opening 311. The size of the small-diameter opening 21 is smaller than the size of the circular opening 311, so that the cooling fluid, after passing through the larger-diameter circular opening 311, is obstructed by the decelerator 2 with the smaller-diameter opening 21, thus slowing down the flow rate of the cooling fluid as it enters the chamber 4 and then flows into the plurality of liquid inlets 131, thereby uniformly distributing the cooling fluid among the liquid cooling channels 13. However, this invention is not limited to this; the shape of the opening is not limited. As long as the inlet 31 has an input opening (i.e., the circular opening 311) and the decelerator 2 has a deceleration opening (i.e., the small-diameter opening 21), and the size of the deceleration opening is smaller than the size of the input opening, the effect of slowing down the flow rate of the cooling fluid can be achieved. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the upper cover 3 and the speed reducer 2 are integrally formed, but this is not the only embodiment. In other embodiments, the upper cover 3 and the speed reducer 2 may also be two independently manufactured components.

[0037] It is worth mentioning that the aforementioned speed reducer 2 can also have other design options, such as... Figure 7As shown, a space is created within the small-diameter opening 21 of the speed reducer 2 to form an oblique guide portion 211, which is located directly below the small-diameter opening 21. This guide portion 211 directs the cooling fluid into the plurality of liquid inlets 131, ensuring that the cooling fluid is evenly and fully distributed into the plurality of liquid inlets 131. This allows the cooling fluid to flow evenly through the plurality of liquid cooling channels 13, enabling uniform and sufficient heat exchange for better cooling efficiency. Furthermore, the gas generated by the evaporation of the cooling fluid as it flows through the plurality of liquid cooling channels 13 cannot flow back through the plurality of liquid inlets 131 due to the obstruction of the guide portion 211, and can only be discharged through the plurality of liquid outlets 132. Therefore, the guide portion 211, located above the plurality of liquid inlets 131 where the cooling fluid flows in, also prevents the problem of air bubble backflow. In other words, by designing the shape of the speed reducer 2, it is possible to enable the speed reducer 2 to have additional functions such as ensuring uniform fluid distribution and preventing bubble backflow, in addition to its original function of slowing down the flow rate of cooling fluid.

[0038] It is understood that the speed reducer 2 can have various different designs and is not limited to the annular obstruction. In other embodiments, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the speed reducer 2 can be a grid or grating structure 22 with a plurality of openings. By adjusting the mesh size or spacing of these openings, different speed reduction effects can be achieved with this grid or grating structure 22. However, it is not limited to this; another option is, as... Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the speed reducer 2 includes a porous column 23 disposed within the inlet 31 to impede the flow of cooling fluid through the inlet 31, thereby slowing the flow rate. It is understood that by adjusting the porosity of the porous column 23, different flow rate slowing effects can be easily designed. However, this is not the only option; another choice is, as... Figure 12As shown, the speed reducer 2 includes a funnel-shaped channel 24, which is integrally formed within the inlet portion 31. The gradually narrowing shape of the funnel-shaped channel 24 reduces the flow rate of the cooling fluid. Alternatively, the speed reducer 2 includes a flow channel that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, so that the cross-section of the top of the flow channel is larger than the cross-section of the bottom of the flow channel, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the flow rate. Yet another option is that the speed reducer 2 includes a plurality of protrusions or fins, which obstruct the flow of cooling fluid through the inlet portion 31, thus reducing the flow rate. In addition, the speed reducer 2 can also be designed as an external component (such as a solenoid valve, flow meter, or other device for controlling flow rate). In other words, the present invention does not impose any specific shape or structure limitations on the speed reducer 2, as long as it can achieve the effect of reducing or slowing down the flow rate of the cooling fluid.

[0039] In addition, such as Figure 4 As shown, the height h2 of the uncovered area 1232 of the top tip 123 of the plurality of fins 12 is less than the height h1 of the covered area 1231, so that a gas escape channel 1234 is formed in the uncovered area 1232, as shown. Figure 3 As shown, this allows the gas generated by the heat absorption and evaporation of the cooling fluid as it flows through the plurality of liquid cooling channels 13 to quickly escape outward through the gas escape channel 1234 and leave the plurality of liquid cooling channels 13 (e.g., Figure 3 (The dashed arrow). However, it is not limited to this. The height h2 of the uncovered area 1232 of the top 123 of the plurality of fins 12 can also be equal to the height h1 of the covered area 1231. It is understood that in this case, the outlet 32 ​​must be retracted to make room to form the gas escape channel 1234.

[0040] It is worth mentioning that when the heat source is large, such as a GPU chip, the base 1 and the top cover 3 must also be enlarged to match the size of the heat source. Therefore, a supporting and connecting structure must be provided between the base 1 and the top cover 3 to prevent the top cover 3 from deforming due to insufficient strength. Figures 5 to 6 As shown, in this embodiment, two support members 5 are disposed on the upper cover 3, and two slots 6 are disposed on the base 1. The two support members 5 are respectively inserted into the two slots 6 to support the upper cover 3 and connect it to the base 1, thereby improving the structural strength of the upper cover 3. However, this is not the only option. Another option is that the two support members 5 are disposed on the base 1, and the two slots 6 are disposed on the upper cover 3. The two support members 5 are respectively inserted into the two slots 6 to support and connect the upper cover 3.

[0041] In addition, such as Figure 3 , Figures 5 to 6As shown, the upper cover 3 has a protruding locking portion 34 around its perimeter, and the base 1 has a recessed locking groove 14 around its perimeter. By engaging and fixing the protruding locking portion 34 into the recessed locking groove 14 (a water-stop ring can be added between them to prevent leakage), the upper cover 3 is tightly fixed to the base 1, achieving a watertight effect. It is understood that the protruding locking portion 34 and the recessed locking groove 14 can be fixed together using welding techniques such as diffusion welding or hard welding to form a watertight structure. However, this is not limited to this; other methods such as adhesive bonding can also be used to fix them together to form a tight structure.

[0042] In summary, the present invention provides a two-phase cold plate, which includes a speed reduction component disposed at the inlet of the upper cover. This speed reduction component can effectively slow down or reduce the flow rate of the cooling fluid flowing into the chamber, so that the cooling fluid can be evenly distributed and fully exchange heat, thereby improving the cooling and heat dissipation efficiency.

[0043] The present invention has been described in detail above, but the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made based on the present invention should still fall within the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-phase cold plate, characterized in that, Include: A base has a body and a plurality of fins. The body has a heat-absorbing side and a heat-conducting side opposite to the heat-absorbing side. The plurality of fins are disposed on the heat-conducting side and form a plurality of liquid cooling channels between each other. At least one covering area is provided on the top of the plurality of fins. A top cover, disposed on the base and defining a chamber therebetween, the top cover having an inlet, an outlet, and a partition located between the inlet and the outlet, the partition contacting the covered area; and A speed reduction component is installed at the entrance of the upper cover.

2. The two-phase cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each fin includes a starting end and a ending end. At the starting end and the ending end of the plurality of fins, a plurality of liquid inlets and a plurality of liquid outlets are respectively formed, which are connected to the plurality of liquid cooling channels. The inlet portion is connected to the plurality of liquid inlets, and the outlet portion is connected to the plurality of liquid outlets.

3. The two-phase cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The speed reducer and the top cover are integrally formed.

4. The two-phase cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The speed reducer includes an annular obstruction.

5. The two-phase cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The speed reducer includes a grid-like or bar-like structure.

6. The two-phase cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The speed reducer includes a porous cylinder.

7. The two-phase cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet has an input opening, and the deceleration component has a deceleration opening, the size of which is smaller than the size of the input opening.

8. The two-phase cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet has an input opening, and the outlet has an output opening, the size of which is larger than the size of the input opening.

9. The two-phase cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The speed reducer includes a funnel-shaped channel.

10. The two-phase cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The top of each of the plurality of fins is also provided with an uncovered area, the height of which is less than or equal to the height of the covered area.

11. The two-phase cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: At least one support member is provided on the top cover, and the base has a slot, into which the support member is inserted to support the top cover and connect with the base.

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