Trigonometric function quantum state preparation method and related device
By constructing a target quantum circuit and utilizing V-gate, H-gate, and controlled phase rotation gate units, the problem of low efficiency in the preparation of trigonometric function quantum states in existing technologies was solved, and efficient quantum state amplitude preparation and compressed sensing fitting were achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ORIGIN QUANTUM COMPUTING TECH (HEFEI) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies struggle to efficiently prepare quantum state amplitudes under overcomplete bases for compressed sensing, especially methods for preparing trigonometric function quantum states, which are not efficient enough.
By constructing a target quantum circuit, the first quantum functional module is used to prepare the quantum state weights of linear combination, the second quantum functional module is used to prepare the linear phase, and the V gate, H gate and controlled phase rotation gate unit are combined to realize the preparation of trigonometric function quantum states.
The preparation of quantum state amplitudes based on overcomplete basis was realized, and quantum state fitting for compressed sensing was completed, improving the preparation efficiency of trigonometric function quantum states.
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Figure CN121903014A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for preparing trigonometric function quantum states. Background Technology
[0002] Quantum computing is a novel computing paradigm that manipulates quantum information units to perform calculations according to the laws of quantum mechanics. Unlike classical computing, quantum computing follows the laws of quantum mechanics and is a new computing paradigm that can break through the limitations of classical computing power. When a device processes and calculates quantum information and runs quantum algorithms, it is a quantum computer. Quantum computers have become a key technology under research because of their ability to process mathematical problems more efficiently than ordinary computers; for example, they can accelerate the time to crack RSA keys from hundreds of years to hours.
[0003] Trigonometric functions have wide applications in mathematics, physics, finance, and other fields, and are also the foundation of Fourier expansions. They are also a method for implementing compressed sensing technology in information science, effectively preparing superposition states of overcomplete or orthogonal complete trigonometric functions. This allows for the effective approximation and simulation of a large class of states. The fast convergence speed of Fourier and compressed sensing technologies also ensures the effective approximation process of other continuously differentiable states. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and related apparatus for preparing trigonometric function quantum states to solve the problems in the prior art. It enables the preparation of quantum state amplitudes based on overcomplete bases, thereby completing quantum state fitting for compressed sensing. Simultaneously, it provides an efficient method for preparing orthogonal trigonometric states.
[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a trigonometric function quantum state, the method comprising:
[0006] Determine the qubits used to prepare trigonometric function quantum states;
[0007] Construct a target quantum circuit, wherein the target quantum circuit has a first quantum functional module and a second quantum functional module that act on the qubits, the first quantum functional module is used to prepare the quantum state weights of linear combination, and the second quantum functional module is used to prepare the linear phase;
[0008] The target quantum circuit is run to prepare the trigonometric function quantum state.
[0009] In the trigonometric function quantum state preparation method described above, preferably, the qubits include a first qubit family and n second qubits, the first quantum functional module acts on the first qubit family, and the second quantum functional module acts on the n second qubits and is controlled by the first qubit family.
[0010] In the trigonometric function quantum state preparation method described above, preferably, the first quantum functional module includes a V-gate acting on the first qubit family and a transpose conjugate of the V-gate, and the second quantum functional module includes an H-gate acting on n second qubits and a controlled phase rotation gate unit, wherein the control bit of the controlled phase rotation gate unit is the first qubit family.
[0011] In the trigonometric function quantum state preparation method described above, preferably, the controlled phase rotation gate unit includes sub-units distributed sequentially along the action time sequence. Each sub-unit includes a first phase rotation gate and a second phase rotation gate acting on n second qubits. The control bits of the first phase rotation gate and the second phase rotation gate are all from the first qubit family. The |0> state of the first qubit family controls the first phase rotation gate, and the |1> state of the first qubit family controls the second phase rotation gate.
[0012] In the trigonometric function quantum state preparation method described above, preferably, the first phase rotation gate and the second phase rotation gate are RZ gates or P gates.
[0013] In the method for preparing a trigonometric function quantum state as described above, preferably, the trigonometric function quantum state is... Wherein, parameter α k Characterization weights, parameter β k Characterizing angular frequency, parameter γ k The phase value of a trigonometric function is represented by the parameter α. k Prepared from the first quantum functional module, parameter β k and parameter γ k It is prepared from the second quantum functional module.
[0014] In the trigonometric function quantum state preparation method described above, preferably, the V gate includes a parametric quantum rotation gate acting on a preset qubit. The preset qubits are ordered from least significant bit to most significant bit. Along the action sequence, the qubit number acted by the previous parametric quantum rotation gate is earlier than the qubit number acted by the next parametric quantum rotation gate. The control bits of the parametric quantum rotation gate are all qubits whose qubit numbers are earlier than the qubit numbers acted on.
[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a trigonometric function quantum state preparation device, the device comprising:
[0016] The acquisition module is used to determine the qubits used to prepare the trigonometric function quantum state;
[0017] A target quantum circuit construction module is used to construct a target quantum circuit. The target quantum circuit has a first quantum functional module and a second quantum functional module that act on the qubits. The first quantum functional module is used to prepare the quantum state weights of linear combinations, and the second quantum functional module is used to prepare the linear phase.
[0018] The execution module is used to run the target quantum circuit to prepare the trigonometric function quantum state.
[0019] Thirdly, the present invention provides a storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the aforementioned method when running.
[0020] Fourthly, the present invention provides an electronic device including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program and the processor is configured to run the computer program to implement the aforementioned method.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the trigonometric function quantum state preparation method provided by the present invention realizes the preparation of quantum state amplitude based on overcomplete basis, thereby completing the quantum state fitting for compressed sensing. Attached Figure Description
[0022] Figure 1 This is a network block diagram of a quantum circuit construction system provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a trigonometric function quantum state provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a target quantum circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another target quantum circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 5 A quantum circuit structure diagram of a V-gate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a trigonometric function quantum state preparation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0029] [Structure of a quantum circuit construction system]
[0030] Figure 1 This is a network block diagram of a quantum circuit construction system provided in an embodiment of this application. The quantum circuit construction system may include a network 110, a server 120, a wireless device 130, a client 140, a storage unit 150, a classical processing system 160, a quantum processing system 170, and may also include additional memory, a classical processor, a quantum processor, and other devices not shown.
[0031] Network 110 is a medium used to provide communication links between various devices and computers connected together within a quantum circuit construction system, including but not limited to the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof. The connection method can be wired, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables.
[0032] Server 120 and client 140 are conventional data processing systems that may contain data and applications or software tools that perform conventional computational processes. Client 140 may be a personal computer or a network computer, so the data may also be provided by server 120. Wireless device 130 may be a smartphone, tablet, laptop, smart wearable device, etc. Storage unit 150 may include database 151, which can be configured to store data such as qubit parameters, quantum logic gate parameters, quantum circuits, and quantum programs.
[0033] The classical processing system 160 (quantum processing system 170) may include a classical processor 161 (quantum processor 171) for processing classical data (quantum data) and a memory 163 (memory 172) for storing classical data (quantum data). The classical data (quantum data) may be a boot file, an operating system image, and an application program 162 (application program 173). The application program 162 (application program 173) may be used to implement a quantum algorithm compiled according to the quantum circuit construction method provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0034] Any data or information stored or generated in the classical processing system 160 (quantum processing system 170) can also be configured to be stored or generated in another classical (quantum) processing system in a similar manner, and any application executed therein can also be configured to be executed in another classical (quantum) processing system in a similar manner.
[0035] It should be noted that a true quantum computer has a hybrid structure, which includes at least... Figure 1The system consists of two main parts: the classical processing system 160, which is responsible for performing classical calculations and control; and the quantum processing system 170, which is responsible for running quantum programs and thus realizing quantum computing.
[0036] The aforementioned classical processing system 160 and quantum processing system 170 can be integrated into a single device or distributed across two different devices. For example, the first device, including the classical processing system 160, runs a classical computer operating system that provides quantum application development tools and services, as well as the storage and network services required for quantum applications. Users develop quantum applications using the quantum application development tools and services on the second device and send the quantum program to the second device, including the quantum processing system 170, via the network services. The second device runs a quantum computer operating system, which parses the code of the quantum program and compiles it into instructions that can be recognized and executed by the quantum computer control system. The quantum processor 170 then implements the quantum algorithm corresponding to the quantum program based on these instructions.
[0037] In the classic silicon-based processing system 160, the units of the classic processor 161 are CMOS transistors. These computing units are not limited by time or coherence; that is, they are available at any time without time constraints. Furthermore, the number of these computing units in a silicon chip is sufficient; currently, a classic processor contains tens of thousands of computing units. The sufficient number of computing units and the fixed selectable computing logic of the CMOS transistors, such as AND logic, allow for computational efficiency through a combination of numerous CMOS transistors and limited logic functions.
[0038] Unlike the logic units in the classical processing system 160, the basic computational unit of the quantum processor 171 in the quantum processing system 170 is the qubit. The input of a qubit is limited by coherence and coherence time; that is, a qubit is limited by its available usage time and is not always readily available. Making full use of qubits within their available usage time is a key challenge in quantum computing. Furthermore, the number of qubits in a quantum computer is one of the representative indicators of its performance. Each qubit performs computational functions through on-demand configured logic functions. Given the limited number of qubits and the diverse logic functions available in quantum computing, such as Hadamard gates (H gates), Pauli-X gates (X gates), Pauli-Y gates (Y gates), Pauli-Z gates (Z gates), RX gates, RY gates, RZ gates, CNOT gates, CR gates, iSWAP gates, Tofoli gates, etc., quantum computing requires combining a limited number of qubits with diverse logic function combinations to achieve computational effects.
[0039] Based on these differences, the design of logical functions applied to qubits (including the design of whether qubits are used and the design of the efficiency of each qubit's use) is crucial to improving the computational performance of quantum computers and requires specialized design. The aforementioned design considerations for qubits are technical issues that ordinary computing devices do not need to address.
[0040] [Methods for preparing non-orthogonal trigonometric function quantum states]
[0041] The non-orthogonal trigonometric function quantum state is:
[0042]
[0043] The quantum state described above is a composition state of trigonometric functions, where the parameter α k Characteristic weights, parameter β k Characterizing angular frequency, parameter γ k Characterizing the phase value of a trigonometric function, due to the angular frequency β k Since it is not an integer, its corresponding basis is not orthogonal but overcomplete, which can be applied to fields such as compressed sensing.
[0044] To prepare the aforementioned quantum state, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing a trigonometric function quantum state, the method comprising:
[0045] Step S101: Determine the qubits used to prepare the trigonometric function quantum state.
[0046] The number of qubits corresponding to a trigonometric function quantum state can be predetermined, depending on the number of qubits supported by the quantum device. Generally, it is less than or equal to the number of qubits supported. When the number of qubits supported by the quantum device is relatively large, the number of qubits required for preparation can be selected as appropriate.
[0047] Step S102: Construct the target quantum circuit, which has a first quantum functional module and a second quantum functional module acting on the qubits. The first quantum functional module is used to prepare the quantum state weights of linear combinations, i.e., the parameter α in the trigonometric function quantum state. k The parameter value, the second quantum functional module is used to prepare the linear phase, that is, the parameter β in the trigonometric function quantum state. k and parameter γ k The parameter value.
[0048] Step S103: Run the target quantum circuit to prepare a trigonometric function quantum state. In the specific preparation process, first obtain the target quantum circuit, then run the quantum operations corresponding to the target quantum circuit on the quantum chip to prepare the trigonometric function quantum state.
[0049] In one feasible implementation, a qubit comprises a first qubit family and n second qubits. A first quantum functional module operates on the first qubit family, which serves as an auxiliary qubit family. The first qubit family includes one or more first qubits. A second quantum functional module operates on the n second qubits and is controlled by the first qubit family, causing quantum entanglement between the |0> state of the first qubit family and a quantum state containing linear combination quantum state weights and linear phase. Trigonometric functions can be obtained by measuring the amplitude of the |0> state of the first qubit family. Through quantum circuits in the field of quantum computing, the function of trigonometric functions is realized, and for a specific independent variable value, a specific function value can be output.
[0050] Furthermore, the first quantum functional module includes a V gate acting on the first qubit family and a transpose conjugate of the V gate, and the second quantum functional module includes an H gate acting on n second qubits and a controlled phase rotation gate unit, wherein the control bits of the controlled phase rotation gate unit are the first qubit family.
[0051] The V-gate is a combination of multiple quantum gates. In the initial state, both the first and second quantum bits are in the |0> state. After the first quantum bit group passes through the V-gate, the quantum state is... Then, the controlled phase rotation gate unit is traversed. By combining the components and then performing the transpose conjugate effect of the V-gate on the first group of qubits, the amplitude preparation is completed. The circuit is considered to be successfully running when the first group of qubits observes the full |0> state by measuring the |0> state.
[0052] In one feasible implementation, refer to Figure 5 As shown, the V-gate includes a parametric quantum rotation gate acting on a preset qubit. The parametric quantum rotation gate is preferably an RY gate. The preset qubits are ordered from least significant bit to most significant bit. Figure 5 Taking the provided circuit as an example, the numbers are arranged from top to bottom in the diagram, and the sequence number increases sequentially from top to bottom. According to the action sequence from left to right in the diagram, the qubit number of the previous parametric quantum rotation gate is earlier than the qubit number of the next parametric quantum rotation gate. The control bits of the parametric quantum rotation gate are all the qubits whose numbers are earlier than the qubit numbers of the ones being acted upon.
[0053] Taking the parametric quantum rotation gate, specifically the RY gate, as an example, the parameters in the RY gate are mapped to the parameters α of the trigonometric functions. kIn the pre-defined qubits, each qubit is subjected to an RY gate. The least significant qubit is subjected to the earliest action sequence, and the RY gate on the least significant qubit is uncontrollable. Along the action sequence, according to the order of the numbers, each qubit is subjected to an RY gate. The number of the qubit in the previous action sequence is earlier than the number of the qubit in the next action sequence. Except for the least significant qubit, the RY gates on other qubits are controlled qubits, and the control bit is the qubit with the earlier number in the sequence.
[0054] In the embodiments provided by this invention, the second quantum functional module is used to prepare Quantum states, about The amplitude preparation circuit can be simplified as follows:
[0055]
[0056] It can be done Then through the phase rotation gate To achieve efficient implementation, an LCU fabrication scheme with this amplitude was realized.
[0057] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the controlled phase rotation gate unit includes sub-units distributed sequentially along the action time sequence. Each sub-unit includes a first phase rotation gate and a second phase rotation gate acting on n second qubits. Each second qubit is acted upon by both a first phase rotation gate and a second phase rotation gate. The first and second phase rotation gates are either RZ gates or P gates. Preferably, both the first and second phase rotation gates are P gates, and the parameters in the P gate are mapped to the parameter β of the trigonometric function. k and parameter γ k .
[0058] The control bits for both the first and second phase rotation gates are from the first qubit family. The |0> state of the first qubit family controls the first phase rotation gate, meaning that the first phase rotation gate is executed only when the quantum state of the first qubit family before execution is the |0> state. The |1> state of the first qubit family controls the second phase rotation gate, meaning that the second phase rotation gate is executed only when the quantum state of the first qubit family before execution is the |1> state.
[0059] Compared with the prior art, the trigonometric function quantum state preparation method provided in this embodiment realizes the preparation of quantum state amplitude based on overcomplete basis, thereby completing the quantum state fitting for compressed sensing.
[0060] [Device for Preparing Trigonometric Function Quantum States]
[0061] See Figure 6 As shown, the trigonometric function quantum state preparation device includes:
[0062] The acquisition module is used to determine the qubits for preparing trigonometric function quantum states.
[0063] The number of qubits corresponding to a trigonometric function quantum state can be predetermined, depending on the number of qubits supported by the quantum device. Generally, it is less than or equal to the number of qubits supported. When the number of qubits supported by the quantum device is relatively large, the number of qubits required for preparation can be selected as appropriate.
[0064] The target quantum circuit construction module is used to construct the target quantum circuit. The target quantum circuit has a first quantum functional module and a second quantum functional module that act on the qubits. The first quantum functional module is used to prepare the quantum state weights of linear combinations, i.e., the parameter α in the trigonometric function quantum state. k The parameter value, the second quantum functional module is used to prepare the linear phase, that is, the parameter β in the trigonometric function quantum state. k and parameter γ k The parameter value.
[0065] The execution module is used to run the target quantum circuit to prepare trigonometric function quantum states.
[0066] The operating module is a quantum system capable of running quantum circuits. For example, a quantum hardware system including a quantum processor and a quantum measurement and control system with communication connection is a system. The quantum processor refers to a quantum chip, and the quantum measurement and control system is used to provide analog signals for implementing quantum logic gates in the quantum circuit. These analog signals act on the quantum chip to realize the operation of the quantum circuit.
[0067] [Structure of storage media]
[0068] This invention also provides a storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the steps in any of the above method embodiments when running.
[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, the storage medium can be configured to store a computer program for implementing the following steps:
[0070] Step S101: Determine the qubits to be used to prepare the trigonometric function quantum state.
[0071] Step S102: Construct the target quantum circuit, which has a first quantum functional module and a second quantum functional module that act on the qubits. The first quantum functional module is used to prepare the quantum state weights of the linear combination, and the second quantum functional module is used to prepare the linear phase.
[0072] Step S103: Run the target quantum circuit to prepare a trigonometric function quantum state.
[0073] Structure of electronic devices
[0074] This invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program and the processor is configured to run the computer program to implement the steps in any of the above method embodiments.
[0075] Specifically, the aforementioned electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the aforementioned processor, and the input / output device is connected to the aforementioned processor.
[0076] Specifically, in this embodiment, the processor described above can be configured to implement the following steps via a computer program:
[0077] Step S101: Determine the qubits to be used to prepare the trigonometric function quantum state.
[0078] Step S102: Construct the target quantum circuit, which has a first quantum functional module and a second quantum functional module that act on the qubits. The first quantum functional module is used to prepare the quantum state weights of the linear combination, and the second quantum functional module is used to prepare the linear phase.
[0079] Step S103: Run the target quantum circuit to prepare a trigonometric function quantum state.
[0080] Preparation of non-orthogonal trigonometric function quantum states
[0081] If the triangular waves are orthogonal, then quantum Fourier transform can be used for conversion and preparation. First, for... Then, through Fourier transform, we obtain:
[0082]
[0083] Reference Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The diagram shows a quantum circuit structure with |x>=6 and N=8 as an example. Since the bottom qubit is already determined to be in the |0> state, the QFT circuit corresponding to the dashed line in the diagram can be simplified and omitted.
[0084] The above description of the structure, features and effects of the present invention is based on the embodiments shown in the figures. The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of implementation shown in the figures. Any changes made in accordance with the concept of the present invention, or equivalent embodiments modified to have equivalent changes, shall be within the protection scope of the present invention as long as they do not exceed the spirit covered by the specification and figures.
Claims
1. A method for preparing trigonometric function quantum states, characterized in that, The method includes: Determine the qubits used to prepare trigonometric function quantum states; Construct a target quantum circuit, wherein the target quantum circuit has a first quantum functional module and a second quantum functional module that act on the qubits, the first quantum functional module is used to prepare the quantum state weights of linear combination, and the second quantum functional module is used to prepare the linear phase; The target quantum circuit is run to prepare the trigonometric function quantum state.
2. The method for preparing trigonometric function quantum states according to claim 1, characterized in that: The qubits include a first qubit family and n second qubits. The first quantum functional module acts on the first qubit family, and the second quantum functional module acts on the n second qubits and is controlled by the first qubit family.
3. The method for preparing trigonometric function quantum states according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first quantum functional module includes a V-gate acting on the first family of qubits and a transpose conjugate of the V-gate. The second quantum functional module includes an H-gate acting on n second qubits and a controlled phase rotation gate unit, wherein the control bit of the controlled phase rotation gate unit is the first family of qubits.
4. The method for preparing trigonometric function quantum states according to claim 3, characterized in that: The controlled phase rotation gate unit includes sub-units distributed sequentially along the operating time sequence. Each sub-unit includes a first phase rotation gate and a second phase rotation gate acting on n second qubits. The control bits of the first phase rotation gate and the second phase rotation gate are all from the first qubit family. The |0> state of the first qubit family controls the first phase rotation gate, and the |1> state of the first qubit family controls the second phase rotation gate.
5. The method for preparing trigonometric function quantum states according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first phase rotation gate and the second phase rotation gate are RZ gates or P gates.
6. The method for preparing trigonometric function quantum states according to claim 5, characterized in that: The trigonometric function quantum state is Wherein, parameter α k Characteristic weights, parameter β k Characterizing angular frequency, parameter γ k The phase value of the trigonometric function is represented by the parameter α. k Prepared from the first quantum functional module, parameter β k and parameter γ k It is prepared from the second quantum functional module.
7. The method for preparing trigonometric function quantum states according to claim 3, characterized in that: The V-gate includes a parametric quantum rotation gate acting on a preset set of qubits. The preset qubits are ordered from least significant bit to most significant bit. Along the action sequence, the qubit number acted by the previous parametric quantum rotation gate is earlier than the qubit number acted by the next parametric quantum rotation gate. The control bits of the parametric quantum rotation gate are all the qubits whose numbers are earlier than the qubit numbers acted on.
8. A device for preparing trigonometric function quantum states, characterized in that, The device includes: The acquisition module is used to determine the qubits used to prepare the trigonometric function quantum state; A target quantum circuit construction module is used to construct a target quantum circuit. The target quantum circuit has a first quantum functional module and a second quantum functional module that act on the qubits. The first quantum functional module is used to prepare the quantum state weights of linear combinations, and the second quantum functional module is used to prepare the linear phase. The execution module is used to run the target quantum circuit to prepare the trigonometric function quantum state.
9. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when it is run.
10. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that, The memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.