Solid state disk standby power capacitor grouping management method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid state disks, in particular to a solid state disk standby power capacitor grouping management method and system. Standby power capacitors are divided into a plurality of capacitor banks, each capacitor bank is connected with an independent controllable switching device in series, when a short circuit fault is detected, switches are closed group by group according to a preset sequence, only one group is closed each time, and the rest are disconnected; if it is determined that a short-circuit fault is monitored after the target group switch is closed, the group switch is turned off and identified as a fault capacitor group, the sum of available capacities of remaining normal capacitor groups is obtained after all capacitor groups are traversed, whether the sum of available capacities of the remaining normal capacitor groups meets a pre-equipment capacitance required threshold value or not is judged, and if yes, a system capacity insufficiency warning signal is eliminated, and normal work of the system is maintained. The fault capacitor can be effectively isolated, and it is guaranteed that the solid state disk still operates reliably when part of the standby power capacitor breaks down.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solid-state drive technology, and in particular to a method and system for grouping and managing backup power capacitors in solid-state drives. Background Technology

[0002] In the storage architecture of Solid State Drives (SSDs), the energy storage module, as a key auxiliary unit, plays a crucial role in providing emergency backup power for safe data writing during sudden power outages. For example... Figure 1 As shown, existing energy storage modules typically employ a parallel structure of multiple capacitors. The design principle is to increase the total capacitance through parallel connection to meet the energy requirements of the SSD in writing cached data to the non-volatile flash memory chip during power loss. However, if any capacitor in the existing parallel structure experiences a short circuit, its internal impedance approaches zero, causing a sharp increase in current throughout the parallel circuit. This can easily lead to the failure of the entire energy storage module, severely impacting the reliability and lifespan of the SSD. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method and system for grouping and managing backup power capacitors for solid-state drives (SSDs), which enables rapid isolation of faulty capacitors and rapid recovery of system functions, significantly improving the reliability and fault tolerance of SSD backup power modules. The first aspect of this application provides a method for grouping and managing backup power capacitors in a solid-state drive, the method comprising: The backup capacitor is divided into multiple capacitor groups, and each capacitor group is connected in series with an independent and controllable switching device. When a short circuit fault is detected, all switching devices are disconnected, and the switching devices corresponding to the capacitor groups are closed one by one in a preset order. Only one group of switches is closed at a time, and the remaining groups remain open. When a short-circuit fault is detected after the target group switch is confirmed to be closed, the target group switch is disconnected and identified as a faulty capacitor group. After traversing all capacitor banks, obtain the total available capacity of the remaining normal capacitor banks, and determine whether the total available capacity meets the preset backup power capacity requirement threshold. When it is determined that the total available capacity meets the required backup power capacity threshold, the insufficient capacity alarm signal issued by the system is cleared, and the system is maintained in normal operating mode.

[0004] In one alternative implementation, the backup power capacity requirement threshold is determined based on the solid-state drive model parameters or workload.

[0005] In an optional implementation, the method further includes: When the required power backup capacity threshold is determined based on the workload of the solid-state drive, the maximum amount of data that needs to be backed up when the solid-state drive loses power is obtained. Determine the required minimum security capacity based on the maximum data volume; The required minimum safety capacity is converted into an equivalent capacitance value using the capacitor energy formula, and used as the threshold for the required backup power capacity.

[0006] In an optional implementation, determining the required minimum security capacity based on the maximum data volume includes: The required minimum safety capacity is determined using the following formula: Minimum required security capacity = maximum data volume × unit write power consumption + metadata update overhead + security margin; The unit write energy consumption is determined by the specifications of the main controller and flash memory chip, the metadata update overhead is preset according to the file system type, and the safety margin is the product of the system redundancy coefficient and the basic energy.

[0007] In an optional implementation, the method further includes: when it is determined that the total available capacity does not meet the backup power capacity requirement threshold, controlling the associated solid-state drive to switch to read-only mode to prevent data write risks, or triggering the system to enter a stop-service state to avoid functional abnormalities caused by insufficient capacitor capacity.

[0008] In an optional implementation, the method further includes: Obtain the capacitor group number and the identification information of the corresponding switching device of the faulty capacitor group; The capacitor bank number and the identification information are written into the non-volatile memory as fault identification information; When a system reset or system restart is detected, the fault identification information in the non-volatile memory is read to prevent access to the faulty capacitor bank.

[0009] A second aspect of this application provides a solid-state drive backup capacitor group management system, the system comprising: Multiple capacitor banks, each consisting of several backup capacitors connected in parallel; Multiple switching devices, each of which is connected in series with a capacitor bank, are used to control the connection and isolation of the corresponding capacitor bank; The control module, connected to the plurality of switching devices, is configured to perform the solid-state drive backup capacitor group management method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

[0010] In one optional implementation, the control module includes a main controller for the solid-state drive, which controls the switching device's on / off state via an I / O expansion chip or directly via GPIO pins.

[0011] In an optional implementation, the control module further includes a microcontroller unit, which is connected to the main controller via an I2C, SPI, or UART communication interface, and is used to independently perform status monitoring and switching management of each capacitor bank.

[0012] In an optional implementation, the system further includes a power failure protection chip for sending an interrupt signal to the control module when a short circuit or power failure is detected.

[0013] In summary, the solid-state drive backup capacitor grouping management method and system provided in this application have at least one of the following beneficial effects: 1. Divide the backup capacitor into multiple capacitor groups, and connect each capacitor group in series with an independent and controllable switching device. Then each capacitor group forms a relatively independent relationship with the overall circuit through the switching device. 2. When a short circuit fault is detected, all switching devices are disconnected, and the switching devices corresponding to the capacitor groups are closed one by one according to the preset sequence. Only one group of switches is closed at a time, while the other groups remain open. This ensures that only one capacitor group is connected to the circuit at a time when a fault is detected, avoiding the situation where multiple capacitor groups are connected at the same time, which may cause the current in the entire circuit to rise sharply due to the faulty capacitor. 3. When a short circuit fault is detected after the target group switch is closed, the target group switch is disconnected and marked as a faulty capacitor group. Once a short circuit fault is found in a capacitor group, it can be isolated from the circuit in time to prevent the faulty capacitor group from causing further impact on the entire energy storage module and ensure the normal operation of other normal capacitor groups. 4. After traversing all capacitor banks, obtain the total available capacity of the remaining normal capacitor banks and determine whether the total available capacity meets the preset backup power capacity requirement threshold. When it is determined that the total available capacity meets the backup power capacity requirement threshold, clear the insufficient capacity alarm signal issued by the system and maintain the system in normal operating mode. This ensures that after isolating the faulty capacitor bank, the remaining normal capacitor banks can still meet the energy requirements required for the SSD to complete the writing of cached data to the non-volatile flash memory chip at the moment of power failure, thus ensuring the reliability and lifespan of the SSD. At the same time, the system alarm signal is handled reasonably, enabling the system to maintain normal operation when the conditions are met. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an SSD backup power system circuit shown in the prior art; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a solid-state drive backup capacitor group management system shown in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a capacitor grouping and switching control circuit shown in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for grouping and managing backup power capacitors for solid-state drives, as shown in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a capacitor fault detection and isolation process according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0016] The following will clearly and completely describe the concept, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with embodiments and accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features, and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, all connections / linkages involved in the patent do not simply refer to direct contact between components, but rather to the ability to form a better connection structure by adding or reducing connecting accessories according to specific implementation conditions. The various technical features in this invention can be combined interactively without contradicting each other.

[0017] Reference Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a solid-state drive backup capacitor group management system according to an embodiment of this application. The solid-state drive backup capacitor group management system includes multiple capacitor groups, multiple switching devices, and a control module. Each capacitor group is composed of several backup capacitors connected in parallel, and each capacitor group is connected in series with an independent and controllable switching device.

[0018] The control module may include a main controller for the solid-state drive (SSD) and a microcontroller unit (MCU). The SSD's main controller controls the switching devices via I / O expansion chips or directly via GPIO pins; the MCU connects to the main controller via I2C, SPI, or UART communication interfaces and is used to independently perform status monitoring and switching management of each capacitor bank.

[0019] In some embodiments, the switching device is any one of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), a smart electronic fuse, a relay, or an intelligent power switch (IPS). The selection of the switching device is related to system cost, functional integration, and response speed requirements. When a MOSFET is used, the system has the advantages of low cost and simple circuit structure; its on / off state is directly controlled by the controller through an enable signal (SWx_EN) issued by the IO extension IC. When a smart fuse or intelligent power switch is used, these devices are highly integrated intelligent protection devices, with the advantage of built-in overcurrent, overvoltage, and overheat protection circuits. When a fault such as a short circuit occurs in the downstream capacitor bank, the device can autonomously achieve millisecond-level rapid shutdown and can actively report the fault status to the controller through a specific communication interface (such as a status flag bit or the I2C / SMBus protocol), greatly simplifying the controller's fault detection algorithm and process. When relays (including electromagnetic relays or solid-state relays) are selected as switching devices, the physical contact isolation characteristic of relays provides significant advantages such as extremely low on-resistance and near-zero on-state power consumption, making them particularly suitable for application scenarios with extreme requirements for system efficiency.

[0020] In some embodiments, the system further includes a power failure protection chip for sending an interrupt signal to the control module when a short circuit or power failure is detected.

[0021] In SSDs, the core function of the Power Loss Protection (PLP) chip is to handle unexpected power outages (such as power failures or unplugging). When an abnormality in the main power supply is detected, the PLP chip immediately switches to discharge mode, using built-in or external energy storage components (such as supercapacitors or multiple parallel capacitors) to provide temporary power to the SSD within milliseconds. Within this brief power window, the SSD controller completes critical operations in the power-down process, including safely and completely writing all user data still being transferred in the DRAM cache, as well as crucial metadata such as the Flash Translation Layer (FTL) mapping table, into the non-volatile NAND flash memory. This mechanism fundamentally prevents data corruption, loss, or SSD logic corruption that may result from sudden power outages, ensuring data integrity and consistency. Furthermore, modern PLP chips are typically highly integrated, encompassing not only the core power loss protection function but also real-time power monitoring, energy storage capacitor status detection, power-down signal triggering, and various safety functions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and short-circuit protection. The PLP chip can be ACT4910, SYT664, MP5519, etc. It monitors the power supply voltage in real time through the power failure protection chip. When it detects that the voltage drops sharply to a preset threshold (such as a drop from 4.5V to 3.3V) due to external power failure or internal short circuit, it immediately triggers the PLP interrupt signal.

[0022] In some embodiments, an EEPROM or Flash memory is used to record the faulty capacitor group number and the corresponding switch status to ensure that the fault information can still be retained after the system restarts.

[0023] Refer to together Figure 3 Assume the system consists of N groups of backup capacitors (e.g., capacitor groups CAP_GROUP1~CAP_GROUP10 corresponding to SW1~SW10), each group containing several parallel ceramic or tantalum capacitors, with the capacity of a single group dynamically configured according to the solid-state drive model. The positive terminal of each capacitor group is connected to the energy storage bus VSTR via a switching device, and the negative terminal is grounded. Each capacitor group is connected in series with a low on-resistance MOSFET (such as an N-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET, IRF7832) as a switching device (SW1~SW10), with its drain connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor group, its source connected to the VSTR bus, and its gate controlled by the control module through an IO expansion IC. Each MOSFET is connected in anti-parallel with a TVS diode (such as 1.5KE30CA) to prevent reverse current surges and capacitor overvoltage damage.

[0024] The control module includes a main controller (such as an ARM Cortex-M series MCU) and I / O expansion ICs (such as the PCA9555 chip). The controller directly outputs switch control signals (SW1_EN~SW10_EN) through its built-in GPIO pins. Alternatively, if GPIO resources are insufficient, the main controller communicates with the I / O expansion IC via the I2C interface, outputting SW1_EN~SW10_EN control signals to independently control the on / off state of each MOSFET group. Furthermore, the VSTR bus voltage is monitored in real time via a PLP chip, or the status of each branch is monitored via a dedicated current detection circuit.

[0025] In this configuration, all capacitor banks are connected in parallel, and their voltages are identical. The voltage of VSTR is monitored uniformly by the PLP chip. In some embodiments, the control module can also be equipped with an independent MCU (such as the STM32F0 series) as a microcontroller unit, which communicates with the main controller via I2C and can be used for capacitor bank switching control, fault switch identification processes, etc.

[0026] The system also integrates a power failure protection chip (PLP chip). After the main controller receives a power failure interrupt, the PLP chip first detects the drop in the SSD input voltage. The PLP chip will immediately switch to discharge mode to supply power to the SSD and at the same time pull the power failure interrupt signal low (this signal is directly connected to the main controller. When the power failure interrupt signal is pulled low, it means that the PLP chip has sent a power failure interrupt to the main controller). At this time, the data protection process is triggered, and the switching devices are kept on to enable power supply to all capacitor banks.

[0027] Its working principle is as follows: After the system is powered on, the control module closes the switching devices group by group through the IO expansion IC (only one group is closed at a time), and monitors the VSTR voltage or current changes in real time. If a short circuit characteristic is detected after a group is closed (such as current exceeding the threshold or voltage dropping to the protection lower limit), the switch of that group is immediately disconnected, and its number is written into the non-volatile memory, marking it as a faulty capacitor group. After all groups are detected, only the normal capacitor groups are connected to the energy storage bus. The VSTR bus voltage and the status of each branch are continuously monitored. If a short circuit occurs in a group during operation (such as capacitor aging and breakdown), it is quickly identified through AD sampling or a dedicated detection circuit. When a short circuit is detected, the control module immediately shuts down the corresponding switching device, cuts off the faulty branch, and prevents current from flowing back to other capacitor groups. Based on the total capacity of the remaining normal groups (such as calculated by accumulating the capacitance value or discharge time), it is determined whether the minimum backup power capacity required for SSD power failure protection is met. If the capacity is insufficient, the SSD is triggered to enter read-only mode or shut down safely. When the system is reset, the control module prioritizes reading the fault records in the non-volatile memory and prohibits access to the marked faulty groups. Furthermore, maintenance personnel can read fault information through a dedicated interface (such as an I2C debugging port), replace the faulty capacitor bank, clear the stored records, and restore the system to full capacity operation.

[0028] Reference Figure 4 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a solid-state drive (SSD) backup capacitor group management method according to an embodiment of this application. The SSD backup capacitor group management method includes the following steps.

[0029] S41 divides the backup capacitor into multiple capacitor groups, with each capacitor group connected in series with an independent and controllable switching device.

[0030] In some embodiments, the parallel backup capacitors are first divided into multiple groups to obtain multiple capacitor groups, and each capacitor group is equipped with an independent and controllable switching device (such as MOSFET). The controller (main controller or MCU) realizes independent control and status detection of the group switches. When a short circuit fault occurs, the faulty capacitor group is automatically isolated, while the normal capacitor group continues to work.

[0031] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the multiple capacitor groups obtained after grouping do not currently support dynamic recombination.

[0032] S42, when a short circuit fault is detected, all switching devices are disconnected, and the switching devices corresponding to the capacitor groups are closed one by one in a preset order. Only one group of switches is closed at a time, and the remaining groups remain open.

[0033] When system startup is detected, the switching devices of all capacitor banks are initialized to the closed state, so that the capacitor banks work in parallel.

[0034] When a short circuit occurs in any one or more of the backup capacitors in the solid-state drive, the PLP chip, i.e., the power failure protection chip, detects the abnormal backup voltage and immediately generates an interrupt signal, such as pulling the VSTR_PG signal low. This triggers an interrupt in the main controller via a hardware interrupt, enabling the control module to detect the short circuit fault.

[0035] Refer to together Figure 5 The main controller sends control commands to the I / O expansion chip (such as PCF8575) via the I2C communication interface, sequentially closing the capacitor bank switches according to a preset order. The preset order refers to starting with the first capacitor bank, for example, CAP_GROUP1~CAP_GROUP10, and the capacitor bank numbers are pre-defined. Next, the total number of switches M=n (e.g., n=10 banks), and the switch counter N is initialized to 0. The main controller sequentially increments the counter N (N=N+1), closing the switches from bank 1 to bank 10 in turn. Only one bank is closed at a time (e.g., when closing bank N, the remaining banks remain open) to prevent multiple banks from being connected simultaneously and causing a fault to propagate.

[0036] The main controller outputs a high-level signal (SWx_EN=1) through the IO expansion chip to drive the Nth group of MOSFETs to turn on.

[0037] S43. When a short - circuit fault is detected after determining that the target group switch is closed, disconnect the target group switch and label it as a faulty capacitor group.

[0038] The main controller determines whether a short - circuit fault has occurred by monitoring the interrupt signal of the power - off protection chip; when the backup power system voltage drops abnormally or the current increases abnormally to a dangerous threshold, the power - off protection chip hardware triggers an interrupt signal, and when the controller captures this interrupt, it determines that a short - circuit fault has been detected.

[0039] Refer to Figure 5 together. After each group of switches is closed, the system current, voltage, or fault indication signal and other status parameters are monitored in real - time, and N is incremented by 1 (N = N + 1). It is judged whether N is greater than M: If N > M, the process ends and the system enters the capacitance evaluation stage; if N ≤ M, the main controller outputs a high - level signal (SWx_EN = 1) through the IO expansion chip to close the Nth MOSFET switch, and the other groups remain open.

[0040] After closing the Nth switch, the main controller continuously monitors the VCC voltage and current through the ADC. If the short - circuit fault characteristic parameters (such as sudden increase in current, voltage drop, or fault alarm signal) are detected after the Nth switch is closed, the switch of this group is immediately disconnected, and the Nth switch is called the target group switch.

[0041] Furthermore, the main controller immediately pulls down the SWx_EN signal to force - off the Nth MOSFET, isolate the faulty capacitor group, label the faulty capacitor group as a fault state, record its unique fault group number N and the identification information of the corresponding switching device in a non - volatile memory (such as EEPROM), and update the fault flag bit (such as 0x01<<N) to achieve persistent storage of the fault state and prevent the faulty group from being mis - connected after the system resets.

[0042] When all capacitor groups have completed the closing test or it is detected that the system has met the safety isolation requirements, terminate the troubleshooting process.

[0043] S44. After traversing all capacitor groups, obtain the total available capacity of the remaining normal capacitor groups, and judge whether the total available capacity meets the preset backup power capacity requirement threshold.

[0044] After completing the traversal detection of all capacitor banks and isolating faulty banks, the main controller uses the capacitance value detection unit of the PLP chip to calculate the total equivalent capacity of all remaining normal capacitor banks as the total available capacity, and stores this value in its internal register. Subsequently, it accesses this register via the I2C communication protocol to obtain the total available capacity. Alternatively, it can measure the total capacitance of the currently remaining backup capacitors using a capacitance value detection circuit (such as the RC discharge time constant method) to obtain the total available capacity. For example, using the constant current discharge method, the main controller applies a constant current (e.g., 1A) to the remaining normal capacitor banks and calculates the total capacitance (C = I×Δt / ΔV) using the voltage change rate, with an accuracy error ≤5%.

[0045] Next, the total detected available capacity is compared with a preset backup power capacity requirement threshold, and the system's operating status is controlled based on the judgment result. The backup power capacity requirement threshold is configurable, and its value is related to the solid-state drive's model parameters (including but not limited to storage capacity and specification class) or workload.

[0046] In some embodiments, when determining the backup power capacity requirement threshold based on the solid-state drive (SSD) model parameters, the configuration rule is as follows: the larger the SSD capacity and the higher the specification level, the larger the corresponding backup power capacity requirement threshold is set according to a preset ratio, to match the energy demand of the larger amount of data to be backed up during power failure. When determining the backup power capacity requirement threshold based on the SSD workload, the configuration rule is as follows: the maximum amount of data to be backed up by the SSD during power failure is statistically analyzed, and the power parameters of the controller and flash memory chips under typical operating conditions are obtained. The minimum required safe capacity is calculated using an energy calculation model. The energy calculation model is defined as: Minimum required safe capacity = Maximum data volume × Unit write energy consumption + Metadata update overhead + Safety margin. The unit write energy consumption is determined by the specification parameters of the controller and flash memory chips, the metadata update overhead is preset according to the file system type, and the safety margin is the product of the system redundancy coefficient and the base energy. When the minimum required safe capacity is calculated, the calculated required energy is converted into an equivalent capacitor capacity value using the capacitor energy formula (E=½CV²), which is then used as the backup power capacity requirement threshold.

[0047] In other embodiments, if both a model-related threshold and a load-related threshold exist, the larger of the two values ​​is taken as the final preset backup power capacity requirement threshold to ensure that the system can meet the power failure data protection requirements under any operating condition. S45, when it is determined that the total available capacity meets the backup power capacity requirement threshold, the insufficient capacity alarm signal issued by the system is cleared, and the system is maintained in normal operating mode.

[0048] If the total available capacity meets the backup power capacity requirement threshold (i.e., total available capacity ≥ backup power capacity requirement threshold), the main controller clears the "insufficient backup power capacity" alarm signal (e.g., by pulling the CLEAR_ALM pin high via GPIO), and the system maintains normal read / write mode, thereby achieving self-recovery of the system's service capability after component failure. Furthermore, the main controller continuously polls the PLP chip status; if a short circuit or capacitance decrease is detected again, the group management process is re-executed.

[0049] If the total available capacity does not meet the backup power capacity requirement threshold, that is, if the total available capacity is less than the backup power capacity requirement threshold, the controller will control the corresponding solid-state drive to switch to read-only mode to prevent data write risks; or the controller will trigger a safe shutdown process, save the cached data and then cut off the power, that is, enter a stop service state to avoid functional abnormalities caused by insufficient capacitor capacity.

[0050] In an optional implementation, the method further includes: Obtain the capacitor group number and the identification information of the corresponding switching device of the faulty capacitor group; The capacitor bank number and the identification information are written into the non-volatile memory as fault identification information; When a system reset or system restart is detected, the fault identification information in the non-volatile memory is read to prevent access to the faulty capacitor bank.

[0051] In some embodiments, when the main controller detects a short-circuit fault in a capacitor bank and identifies it as a faulty capacitor bank, it performs the following steps to persistently save the fault status, preventing the faulty capacitor bank from being mistakenly connected after a system reset. Specifically, the main controller obtains the unique capacitor bank number of the faulty capacitor bank or the identification information of its corresponding switching device, and writes the capacitor bank number and identification information as fault identification information into a non-volatile memory (such as NOR Flash) through a preset interface. The main controller then reads the identification information stored in the non-volatile memory and verifies the consistency between the written result and the retrieved information. Subsequently, after a system reset or restart, the main controller prioritizes reading the fault identification information from the non-volatile memory and prohibits the connection of the capacitor bank identified as faulty, thereby ensuring a safe baseline for the system's self-recovery process.

[0052] To facilitate understanding of the inventive concept of this application, an SSD system with a backup power requirement of 1800uF and containing 40 47μF tantalum capacitors connected in parallel is provided as an example. First, the capacitors are divided into 10 groups, with each group connected in series with a MOSFET. The MOSFET control signal is connected to an I2C IO expansion chip, and the controller controls the closing and closing of the switches via I2C commands. During system initialization, all switches are closed, and all capacitors operate in parallel. When a capacitor experiences a short circuit fault, the PLP chip detects an abnormal backup power voltage and immediately pulls the VSTR_PG signal low, triggering a controller interrupt. At this time, the main controller executes the following process: 1) Close all switches, isolating all capacitor groups; 2) Close each group sequentially, monitoring the backup power system voltage in real time; 3) If the system still reports a short circuit after a group is closed, the group is considered faulty, its switch is immediately disconnected, and the group's identifier is written to non-volatile memory; 4) After traversal, the total capacity of the remaining normal capacitor groups is calculated to determine if it meets the preset minimum backup power capacitor threshold; 5) Based on the judgment result, a decision is made on whether to continue service or enter safe mode.

[0053] This application employs group management and dynamic switching mechanisms. When a short-circuit fault is detected, a physical isolation and sequential detection strategy is used to quickly locate and disconnect the connection path between the short-circuit capacitor bank and the main circuit, effectively curbing the risk of fault propagation and achieving a highly fault-tolerant design. Based on the redundancy characteristics of capacitor capacity, the system can still meet backup power requirements through the remaining normal units after some capacitor banks fail, ensuring the continuous operation of core functions, improving system reliability, and significantly reducing the probability of system-wide failure caused by a single point of failure. Through an automated fault identification and status recording mechanism, the system can accurately mark abnormal capacitor banks and store fault information, providing diagnostic basis for later maintenance and enhancing maintainability. At the same time, it supports flexible hardware architecture expansion, allowing selection of integrated or distributed switching control schemes according to actual application scenarios, compatible with different cost and resource constraints, and achieving optimized deployment while ensuring performance.

[0054] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0055] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0056] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for grouping and managing backup power capacitors for solid-state drives, characterized in that, The method includes: The backup capacitor is divided into multiple capacitor groups, and each capacitor group is connected in series with an independent and controllable switching device. When a short circuit fault is detected, all switching devices are disconnected, and the switching devices corresponding to the capacitor groups are closed one by one in a preset order. Only one group of switches is closed at a time, while the remaining groups remain open. When a short-circuit fault is detected after the target group switch is confirmed to be closed, the target group switch is disconnected and identified as a faulty capacitor group. After traversing all capacitor banks, obtain the total available capacity of the remaining normal capacitor banks, and determine whether the total available capacity meets the preset backup power capacity requirement threshold. When it is determined that the total available capacity meets the required backup power capacity threshold, the insufficient capacity alarm signal issued by the system is cleared, and the system is maintained in normal operating mode.

2. The solid-state drive backup capacitor group management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The required backup power capacity threshold is determined based on the solid-state drive model parameters or workload.

3. The solid-state drive backup capacitor grouping management method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the required power backup capacity threshold is determined based on the workload of the solid-state drive, the maximum amount of data that needs to be backed up when the solid-state drive loses power is obtained. Determine the required minimum security capacity based on the maximum data volume; The required minimum safety capacity is converted into an equivalent capacitance value using the capacitor energy formula, and used as the threshold for the required backup power capacity.

4. The solid-state drive backup capacitor grouping management method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the required minimum security capacity based on the maximum data volume includes: The required minimum safety capacity is determined using the following formula: Minimum required security capacity = maximum data volume × unit write power consumption + metadata update overhead + security margin; The unit write energy consumption is determined by the specifications of the main controller and flash memory chip, the metadata update overhead is preset according to the file system type, and the safety margin is the product of the system redundancy coefficient and the basic energy.

5. The solid-state drive backup capacitor grouping management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: when it is determined that the total available capacity does not meet the backup power capacity requirement threshold, controlling the associated solid-state drive to switch to read-only mode to prevent data write risks, or triggering the system to enter a stop-service state to avoid functional abnormalities caused by insufficient capacitor capacity.

6. The solid-state drive backup capacitor grouping management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the capacitor group number and the identification information of the corresponding switching device of the faulty capacitor group; The capacitor bank number and the identification information are written into the non-volatile memory as fault identification information; When a system reset or system restart is detected, the fault identification information in the non-volatile memory is read to prevent access to the faulty capacitor bank.

7. A solid-state drive backup capacitor group management system, characterized in that, The system includes: Multiple capacitor banks, each consisting of several backup capacitors connected in parallel; Multiple switching devices, each of which is connected in series with a capacitor bank, are used to control the connection and isolation of the corresponding capacitor bank; The control module, connected to the plurality of switching devices, is configured to perform the solid-state drive backup capacitor group management method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The solid-state drive backup capacitor group management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control module includes a main controller for the solid-state drive, which controls the switching devices through an I / O expansion chip or directly through GPIO pins.

9. The solid-state drive backup capacitor group management system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control module also includes a microcontroller unit, which is connected to the main controller via an I2C, SPI, or UART communication interface, and is used to independently perform status monitoring and switch management of each capacitor bank.

10. The solid-state drive backup capacitor group management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The system also includes a power failure protection chip, which is used to send an interrupt signal to the control module when a short circuit or power failure is detected.

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