Combined cooling heating and power system coupling data center waste heat and liquid air energy storage

Abstract

The invention relates to a combined cooling, heating and power system coupling data center waste heat and liquid air energy storage, and solves the problems of high cooling energy consumption, waste heat waste, large energy loss of liquid air energy storage and the like of a data center in the prior art. According to the technical scheme, the system comprises an air liquefaction module which compresses liquefied air at night, stores cold energy, releases compression heat and releases cold energy in daytime to cool a data center; the absorption refrigeration module is used for driving refrigeration by using the compression heat transmitted by the energy transmission module at night so as to realize night cooling of the data center; the energy conveying module is used for directionally conveying and recycling compression heat; and the data center heat release module is used for collecting heat of the data center, providing a cooling object for the air liquefaction module in the daytime and providing a cooling object for the absorption refrigeration module at night. The system has the advantages that gradient utilization of cold energy, heat energy and electric energy is achieved, a cooperative operation closed loop is constructed, the energy utilization rate is increased, the operation cost is reduced, and the system is adaptive to data centers of various scales and effectively cooled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of comprehensive energy utilization technology for data centers, and in particular to a combined cooling, heating and power system that couples waste heat from data centers with liquid air energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] With the explosive growth of artificial intelligence, high-performance computing, and cloud computing services, the global power demand for data centers is continuously rising and is expected to double within the next decade. As a core energy-consuming component of data centers, the operating efficiency of cooling systems directly determines the power usage efficiency (PUE) of the data center. Current traditional cooling technologies are struggling to meet the industry's evolving needs and face significant challenges.

[0003] In the field of data center cooling, traditional air-cooling systems typically control the return air temperature at around 35°C, resulting in low cooling efficiency and an inability to meet the high-density heat dissipation requirements of single-rack power exceeding 20kW. While liquid cooling technologies such as cold plate and immersion cooling can address higher heat density demands and improve energy efficiency, the 50°C-65°C high-temperature return water generated during operation is often directly discharged into the atmosphere. This low-grade waste heat is not effectively utilized, causing significant energy loss and exacerbating thermal pollution problems. Statistics show that cooling system energy consumption accounts for as much as 30%-50% of the total energy consumption of traditional data centers. The coexistence of high energy consumption and waste heat has become a core pain point restricting the green and low-carbon development of data centers.

[0004] On the other hand, liquid air energy storage, as an emerging long-term energy storage technology, is widely regarded as an ideal supplement to pumped hydro storage due to its significant advantages such as high energy density, no geographical limitations, and long service life. It has important application value in scenarios such as smoothing grid load fluctuations and absorbing renewable energy. The typical operation process of a liquid air energy storage system mainly includes three core stages: air compression and liquefaction (energy storage stage), cryogenic tank storage, and pump pressurization and vaporization expansion (energy release stage). However, the commercialization of this technology has long been limited by its low round-trip efficiency. The round-trip efficiency of independently operating liquid air energy storage systems is usually only 50%-60%. The core bottlenecks are concentrated in two aspects: First, a large amount of compression heat of 150℃-300℃ is generated during the air compression process. If it cannot be effectively stored and reused, it will lead to serious energy loss. Second, when liquid air vaporizes from -196℃ to room temperature during the energy release phase, it releases a huge amount of high-grade cold energy. However, in traditional designs, due to the technical constraints of the temperature difference between the heat exchanger pinch points and the imbalance between the flow rates of hot and cold fluids, this part of high-grade cold energy is difficult to be fully recovered for use in the air liquefaction process. In the end, a large amount of cold energy is lost, which further reduces the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0005] Currently, the high cooling energy consumption and waste of waste heat in data centers, and the low round-trip efficiency and energy waste of liquid air energy storage systems have become two major pain points in the energy infrastructure field. In existing technologies, data centers and liquid air energy storage systems mostly operate independently, lacking an effective cross-system coordination mechanism: data centers require additional high-grade electrical energy to drive the cooling system, and the waste heat generated cannot be converted into valuable energy; the compression heat and cold energy of liquid air energy storage systems cannot find matching utilization scenarios, resulting in significant energy loss. Therefore, how to construct a collaborative operating system that can deeply couple data center waste heat with liquid air energy storage, achieving cascaded utilization of cold energy, heat energy, and electrical energy, while simultaneously solving the dual problems of high data center cooling energy consumption and low round-trip efficiency of liquid air energy storage, has become an urgent technical challenge to be addressed in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art by providing a combined cooling, heating and power system that couples waste heat from data centers with liquid air energy storage. Through multi-module thermodynamic coupling, it realizes the cascade utilization of cold energy, heat energy and electrical energy, and constructs a synergistic closed loop of "energy storage-cooling-waste heat recovery-energy reuse". This system can not only effectively cool down data centers, but also improve energy utilization efficiency, reduce operating costs, and achieve green and low-carbon operation.

[0007] The above-mentioned technical objectives of this invention are mainly achieved through the following technical solutions: A combined cooling, heating, and power system that couples waste heat from a data center with liquid air energy storage, comprising: Air liquefaction module: used to compress and liquefy air at night, storing cold energy in liquid air, and the heat of compression generated during the compression process is transferred through the energy transport module; it releases cold energy during the day to cool the data center; Absorption cooling module: It only works at night, and obtains the heat of compression from the air liquefaction module through the energy transport module as the driving heat source to achieve nighttime cooling of the data center; Energy transport module: used to directionally transport the compression heat of the air liquefaction module to the absorption refrigeration module, while realizing the recovery and recycling of heat; The data center heat dissipation module is used to collect the heat generated during the operation of the data center. During the day, this heat is the object of cooling by the air liquefaction module, and at night, this heat is the object of cooling by the absorption cooling module.

[0008] As a further improvement and supplement to the above technical solution, the present invention adopts the following technical measures: Preferably, the data center heat dissipation module includes an expander with power generation function and a data center heat exchanger; During the day, the liquid air from the air liquefaction module flows through the heat absorption pipe of the data center heat exchanger, absorbs heat and vaporizes into high-pressure air. The high-pressure air drives the expander to work, converting the pressure potential energy of the high-pressure air into electrical energy for recovery, and converting the high-pressure air into low-pressure air and discharging it to the outside. At night, the cold energy fluid generated by the absorption cooling module absorbs heat through the heat absorption pipes of the data center heat exchanger and then flows back to the absorption cooling module to generate cold energy fluid again. This process is repeated to achieve nighttime cooling.

[0009] Preferably, the air liquefaction module includes at least one air liquefaction unit and a liquid air storage tank connected to each air liquefaction unit; The air liquefaction unit includes a liquefaction heat exchanger and a compressor connected in series alternately, so that air is liquefied by a cycle of air being released heat by the liquefaction heat exchanger and compressed by the compressor. The liquid air storage tank is used to receive and store liquefied air.

[0010] Preferably, the air liquefaction module further includes a gas-liquid separator: used to separate liquefied liquid air and unliquefied gaseous air, to introduce the liquid air into the liquid air storage tank for storage, and to allow the unliquefied gaseous air to re-enter the air liquefaction unit for reliquefaction.

[0011] Preferably, the absorption refrigeration module includes a generator, a condenser, an absorber, and a first fluid delivery unit; The generator absorbs the heat of compression transmitted from the energy transport module, causing the water in the generator to vaporize into high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor, which then enters the condenser. The high-concentration fluid after water evaporation enters the absorber through the first fluid transport unit. The condenser cools high-temperature, high-pressure water vapor into low-temperature, high-pressure liquid water, which then enters the data center heat exchanger of the data center heat dissipation module. After absorbing the heat from the data center, the liquid water vaporizes into water vapor and is absorbed by the high-concentration fluid in the absorber. After the absorber absorbs water vapor, the high-concentration fluid is converted into a low-concentration fluid, which is then introduced into the generator through the first fluid delivery unit to complete the cycle.

[0012] Preferably, the absorption refrigeration module further includes a throttling valve. The low-temperature, high-pressure liquid water output from the condenser is depressurized by the throttling valve and converted into low-temperature, low-pressure liquid water. The low-temperature, low-pressure liquid water flows into the heat absorption pipe of the data center heat exchanger to absorb heat from the heat absorption pipe and vaporize.

[0013] Preferably, a regenerator is provided between the generator and the absorber; The regenerator transfers heat from the high-concentration fluid to the low-concentration fluid through heat exchange, causing the high-concentration fluid to cool down before flowing into the absorber, and causing the low-concentration fluid to heat up before flowing into the generator.

[0014] Preferably, the energy transport module includes: High-temperature water storage tank: used to store the heat of compression of the air liquefaction module, and cooperates with the generator of the absorption refrigeration module to provide a heat source for the generator; Second fluid delivery unit: It is installed on the heat absorption pipe and is used to drive fluid flow; Heat absorption pipeline: It works in conjunction with each of the air liquefaction units and the high-temperature water storage tank to absorb the heat of compression released by the air liquefaction unit during air compression, so that the fluid is heated and then flows back to the high-temperature water storage tank. The heat in the high-temperature water storage tank is absorbed by the generator and then flows into the heat absorption pipeline. Preferably, the heat absorption pipeline includes a main outlet water line, a heat absorption branch line, and a return water line; The number of heat absorption branches is consistent with the number of air liquefaction units in the air liquefaction module, and each branch corresponds to one of the air liquefaction units. The outlets of each heat absorption branch are combined and connected to the inlet of the return main, and the outlet of the return main is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature water storage tank to achieve centralized return of high-temperature fluid. The main water outlet has at least one outlet, and each outlet corresponds to the inlet of each of the heat absorption branches. The inlet of the main water outlet is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature water storage tank.

[0015] Preferably, each of the heat absorption branches is matched with the heat release side of the liquefaction heat exchanger in each of the air liquefaction units.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Constructing a collaborative closed loop to solve dual technical pain points: This invention achieves bidirectional utilization of waste heat from data centers and liquid air energy storage through deep coupling of air liquefaction module, absorption refrigeration module, energy transport module and data center heat dissipation module. That is, the cold energy of liquid air cools the data center, and the waste heat of the data center feeds back into the liquid air vaporization expansion to generate electricity; the compression heat generated by air liquefaction drives absorption refrigeration, replacing the high-energy-consuming power-driven equipment for nighttime cooling of data centers, and at the same time solves the dual technical pain points of high energy consumption and waste heat in data center cooling and low round-trip efficiency and energy loss in liquid air energy storage.

[0017] 2. High-efficiency energy utilization and improved system energy efficiency: This invention realizes the cascade utilization of cold energy, heat energy and electrical energy. The air liquefaction module stores energy and cold at night and releases energy for cooling and recovers electrical energy during the day. The absorption cooling module is driven by the compression heat of air liquefaction, without the need to consume additional high-grade electrical energy. The waste heat of the data center is recovered and utilized throughout the process without any loss, which greatly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the entire system and reduces energy waste.

[0018] 3. Adapt to peak and off-peak electricity prices to reduce operating costs: The system adopts an operating mode of "nighttime off-peak electricity energy storage and cooling, daytime peak electricity energy release for cooling + power generation". During the off-peak hours of the night, low-priced electricity is used to drive the air liquefaction module to compress and liquefy air, while recovering the heat of compression to drive absorption cooling to cool the data center; during the peak hours of the daytime grid, liquid air releases energy for cooling, while recovering electrical energy through the expander (which can be used internally or connected to the grid), and arbitrage is achieved by taking advantage of the peak and off-peak electricity price difference, which significantly reduces the system operating costs.

[0019] 4. Stable and reliable operation with strong adaptability: Each module has a mature structure. The data center heat dissipation module achieves heat exchange through the data center heat exchanger and completes power recovery with the expansion unit, ensuring stable operation. The air liquefaction module is equipped with a gas-liquid separator to reintroduce unliquefied gaseous air into the liquefaction unit, improving liquefaction efficiency. The regenerator enables the recovery of fluid heat in the absorption refrigeration module, avoiding energy waste and improving the stability of module operation. It can adapt to the cooling and energy storage needs of data centers of different sizes.

[0020] 5. Convenient maintenance, ensuring reliable data center operation: The system's unique intermittent operating mode provides great flexibility in equipment lifecycle management. The controllability of the system's operating cycle makes it easier to perform downtime maintenance, repair, and replacement of critical components, avoiding the operational risks to the data center caused by downtime maintenance due to failures in traditional continuous cooling systems, thus ensuring the reliability of data center operation.

[0021] 6. Green and low-carbon, in line with industry trends: The system realizes internal energy recycling throughout the entire process, with no additional carbon emissions, effectively reducing thermal pollution and energy waste, which is in line with the industry trend of green and low-carbon development of data centers and commercialization of energy storage technology. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system involved in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the air liquefaction module involved in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an absorption refrigeration module according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an energy transport module according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a data center heat dissipation module according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is another structural schematic diagram of the data center heat dissipation module (equipped with a controller) involved in the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Data center heat exchanger; 2. Liquefaction heat exchanger; 3. Compressor; 4. Liquid air storage tank; 5. Gas-liquid separator; 6. Regenerator; 7. Condenser; 8. High-temperature water storage tank; 9. Expander; 10. First fluid delivery unit; 11. Throttling valve; 12. Second fluid delivery unit; 13. Outlet water main; 14. Heat absorption branch; 15. Return main; 16. Third fluid delivery unit. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Example: Figures 1-6 As shown, a combined cooling, heating, and power system (CCHP) that couples waste heat from a data center with liquid air energy storage includes: an air liquefaction module, an absorption refrigeration module, an energy transport module, and a data center heat release module. These modules are thermodynamically coupled to form a bidirectional heat and mass exchange network. Specifically: Air liquefaction module: used to compress and liquefy air at night, storing cold energy in liquid air, and the heat of compression generated during the compression process is transferred through the energy transport module; it releases cold energy during the day to cool the data center; Absorption cooling module: It only works at night, and obtains the heat of compression from the air liquefaction module through the energy transport module as the driving heat source to achieve nighttime cooling of the data center; Energy transport module: used to directionally transport the compression heat of the air liquefaction module to the absorption refrigeration module, while realizing the recovery and recycling of heat; The data center heat dissipation module is used to collect the heat generated during the operation of the data center. During the day, this heat is the object of cooling by the air liquefaction module, and at night, this heat is the object of cooling by the absorption cooling module.

[0031] For the technical solution of the combined cooling, heating, and power system that couples waste heat from data centers with liquid air energy storage, the key is to construct a collaborative foundation of air liquefaction module, absorption cooling module, energy transport module, and data center heat release module. This enables a "nighttime energy storage and heat storage + nighttime cooling, daytime heat release and cooling" mode. This allows for cooling of the data center through independent daytime and nighttime cooling modes, while also utilizing the heat from the data center for recovery and feedback to the system. Furthermore, the energy transport module recovers and recycles the heat of compression from air liquefaction, avoiding waste of compression heat. This addresses the dual pain points of high data center cooling energy consumption and significant energy loss from liquid air energy storage, laying the core foundation for the system's energy-saving and low-carbon operation.

[0032] Next, the above technical solution will be described in detail: In practical applications, the data center heat dissipation module includes an expander 9 with power generation function and a data center heat exchanger 1.

[0033] During the day, the liquid air from the air liquefaction module flows through the heat absorption pipe of the data center heat exchanger 1, absorbs heat and vaporizes into high-pressure air. The high-pressure air drives the expander 9 to work, converting the pressure potential energy of the high-pressure air into electrical energy for recovery, and converting the high-pressure air into low-pressure air and discharging it to the outside.

[0034] In this technical solution, a controller can also be added to the data center heat dissipation module according to the actual situation.

[0035] When a controller is set up, during the daytime cooling process of the data center, the outlet of the expander 9 is connected to the outside. A temperature sensor is installed at the outlet of the data center heat exchanger 1. The temperature set by the controller is compared with the outlet temperature, and then the liquid output of the liquid air storage tank 4 is controlled to maintain the outlet temperature at the temperature set by the controller.

[0036] In this embodiment, a third fluid delivery unit 16 (in this embodiment, the third fluid delivery unit 16 is a third centrifugal pump) is often installed on the liquid outlet pipeline of the liquid air storage tank 4. The controller controls the third fluid delivery unit 16 to control the liquid air output.

[0037] When cooling the data center at night, the cold energy fluid generated by the absorption cooling module absorbs heat through the heat absorption pipe of the data center heat exchanger 1 and then flows back to the absorption cooling module to generate cold energy fluid again. This process is repeated to achieve cooling at night.

[0038] Regarding the data center heat dissipation module technical solution, the specific structure and working logic of the data center heat dissipation module are clarified. Through the expander 9 with power generation function, the high-pressure air pressure potential energy generated by the vaporization of liquid air during the day is converted into electrical energy recovery, realizing the secondary utilization of energy and reducing the system's operating energy consumption and cost. Through the data center heat exchanger 1, efficient heat exchange between cold energy fluid (night), liquid air (day) and data center heat is realized, ensuring that data center cooling and electrical energy recovery are carried out simultaneously during the day, and cold energy fluid is circulated and regenerated at night for continuous cooling, improving the stability and efficiency of data center cooling, while simplifying the module structure and improving operational reliability.

[0039] In practical applications, the air liquefaction module includes at least one air liquefaction unit and a liquid air storage tank 4 connected to each air liquefaction unit; The air liquefaction unit includes a liquefaction heat exchanger 2 and a compressor 3 connected in series alternately, so that air is liquefied by a cycle of air being released heat by the liquefaction heat exchanger 2 and compressed by the compressor 3. The liquid air storage tank 4 is used to receive and store liquefied air.

[0040] In this embodiment, the air liquefaction unit has two channels. In practical applications, the air liquefaction unit can also have three or more channels, depending on the specific circumstances. Each air liquefaction unit includes three heat exchangers and two compressors 3, with the two compressors 3 respectively sandwiched between two adjacent heat exchangers.

[0041] For the technical solution of the air liquefaction module, the core components and air liquefaction logic of the air liquefaction module are clearly defined. Through the alternating series connection structure of at least one air liquefaction unit (connected in the order of liquefaction heat exchanger 2, compressor 3, liquefaction heat exchanger 2, compressor 3, liquefaction heat exchanger 2...), the "heat release-compression" cycle liquefaction of air is realized, ensuring that the air stably reaches the liquefaction conditions. The liquid air storage tank 4 is used to store liquid air, realize the storage of cold energy, and ensure the continuity of the system's cooling for the data center during the day, adapting to the daytime cooling needs of the data center. However, the setting of multiple air liquefaction units can flexibly adapt to the cooling needs of data centers of different sizes, improving the system adaptability.

[0042] In practical applications, the air liquefaction module also includes a gas-liquid separator 5: used to separate liquefied liquid air from unliquefied gaseous air, guiding the liquid air into the liquid air storage tank 4 for storage, and allowing the unliquefied gaseous air to re-enter the air liquefaction unit for further liquefaction. That is, the unliquefied gaseous air returns to the heat exchanger at the air inlet of the air liquefaction unit, and then continues to be liquefied through other compressors 3 and heat exchangers arranged within the air liquefaction unit.

[0043] In this technical solution, liquefied air and unliquefied gaseous air are separated by a gas-liquid separator 5. The unliquefied gaseous air is then reintroduced into the air liquefaction unit for reliquefaction, avoiding the waste of cold energy and energy caused by the direct discharge of unliquefied air, and improving the air liquefaction efficiency and cold energy storage capacity. At the same time, it prevents unliquefied gaseous air from entering the liquid air storage tank 4 and affecting the cold energy storage effect, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the air liquefaction module operation, and further improving the system's energy utilization rate.

[0044] In practical applications, the absorption refrigeration module includes a generator, a condenser 7, an absorber, and a first fluid delivery unit 10. The generator absorbs the heat of compression transmitted from the energy transport module, causing the water (water in the lithium bromide solution) in the generator to vaporize into high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor, which then enters the condenser 7. The high-concentration fluid after water evaporation enters the absorber through the first fluid transport unit 10. The condenser 7 cools high-temperature, high-pressure water vapor into low-temperature, high-pressure liquid water, which then enters the data center heat exchanger 1 of the data center heat dissipation module. After absorbing the heat from the data center, the liquid water vaporizes into water vapor and is absorbed by the high-concentration fluid in the absorber. After the absorber absorbs water vapor, the high-concentration fluid is converted into a low-concentration fluid, which is then introduced into the generator through the first fluid delivery unit 10 to complete the cycle.

[0045] In this embodiment, the absorption refrigeration module is a lithium bromide absorption refrigeration module.

[0046] For the technical solution of absorption cooling module, the core structure and circulation logic of absorption cooling module are clearly defined. The compression heat transmitted by the energy transport module is used as the driving heat source, which does not require additional consumption of high-grade electrical energy and reduces the energy consumption of data center cooling at night. The first fluid transport unit 10 realizes the directional circulation of high and low concentration fluids. With the coordinated work of generator, condenser 7 and absorber, the cooling cycle and cold energy regeneration are completed to ensure continuous cooling of data center at night. At the same time, the waste heat of data center at night is recovered and utilized to avoid waste heat and form a closed loop of "compression heat-cooling-waste heat recovery".

[0047] Furthermore, in practical applications, the absorption refrigeration module also includes a throttling valve 11. The low-temperature, high-pressure liquid water output by the condenser 7 is depressurized by the throttling valve 11 and converted into low-temperature, low-pressure liquid water. The low-temperature, low-pressure liquid water flows into the heat absorption pipe of the data center heat exchanger 1 to absorb heat from the heat absorption pipe and vaporize.

[0048] In this technical solution, the low-temperature, high-pressure liquid water output from the condenser 7 is depressurized to low-temperature, low-pressure liquid water through the throttling valve 11, thereby reducing the temperature and pressure of the cold energy fluid, enhancing its heat absorption capacity in the data center heat exchanger 1, accelerating the heat absorption rate of the data center, and further improving the cooling efficiency at night; at the same time, it makes the cold energy fluid easier to vaporize, ensuring that it quickly participates in the cycle regeneration after flowing back to the absorber, ensuring the smoothness and stability of the refrigeration cycle, and optimizing the operating energy efficiency of the absorption refrigeration module.

[0049] Furthermore, in practical applications, a regenerator 6 is installed between the generator and the absorber; The regenerator 6 transfers heat from the high-concentration fluid to the low-concentration fluid through heat exchange, causing the high-concentration fluid to cool down and flow into the absorber, and causing the low-concentration fluid to heat up and flow into the generator.

[0050] A regenerator 6 is installed between the generator and the absorber to achieve heat exchange between the high-concentration fluid and the low-concentration fluid. On the one hand, it reduces the temperature of the high-concentration fluid, increases its water absorption capacity after flowing into the absorber, and ensures that it efficiently absorbs water vapor and completes the concentration conversion. On the other hand, it raises the temperature of the low-concentration fluid, reduces the amount of heat consumed by the generator to absorb compression heat, realizes internal heat recovery and utilization, further reduces system energy waste, and avoids the problem of unstable operation caused by excessively high temperature of high-concentration fluid, thereby improving the cycle reliability of the absorption refrigeration module.

[0051] In practical applications, the energy transport module includes: High-temperature water storage tank 8: used to store the heat of compression of the air liquefaction module, and cooperates with the generator of the absorption refrigeration module to provide a heating source for the generator; Second fluid delivery unit 12: It is installed on the heat absorption pipe and is used to drive fluid flow; Heat absorption pipeline: It works in conjunction with each of the air liquefaction units and the high-temperature water storage tank 8 to absorb the heat of compression released by the air liquefaction unit during air compression, so that the fluid is heated and then flows back to the high-temperature water storage tank 8. The heat in the high-temperature water storage tank 8 is absorbed by the generator and then flows into the heat absorption pipeline.

[0052] For the technical solution of the energy transport module, the core components and working logic of the energy transport module are clearly defined. The high-temperature water storage tank 8 realizes the stable storage of the air liquefaction compression heat, ensuring that the absorption refrigeration module has a continuous driving heat source at night and ensuring the stable operation of the nighttime refrigeration cycle. The second fluid transport unit 12 provides power for the fluid flow in the heat absorption pipeline, ensuring efficient absorption and directional transport of compression heat. The heat absorption pipeline realizes the closed-loop connection between the air liquefaction unit and the high-temperature water storage tank 8, so that the fluid circulates to absorb compression heat and transfer heat, realize the recovery and recycling of compression heat, avoid heat loss, reduce the system's dependence on external heat sources, and improve the system's energy-saving effect.

[0053] In practical applications, the heat absorption pipeline includes a main water outlet 13, a heat absorption branch 14, and a return main 15; The number of heat absorption branches 14 is the same as the number of air liquefaction units in the air liquefaction module, and they correspond one-to-one with each of the air liquefaction units. The outlets of each of the heat absorption branch lines 14 are combined and connected to the inlet of the return main line 15. The outlet of the return main line 15 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature water storage tank 8 to realize the centralized return of high-temperature fluid. The main water outlet 13 has at least one outlet, and each outlet corresponds to the inlet of each heat absorption branch 14. The inlet of the main water outlet 13 is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature water storage tank 8.

[0054] In this technical solution, the heat absorption pipeline is subdivided into a main water outlet 13, a heat absorption branch 14, and a return main 15. The heat absorption branch 14 corresponds one-to-one with the air liquefaction unit, ensuring that the compression heat generated by each air liquefaction unit can be accurately and efficiently absorbed, avoiding local heat accumulation. The main water outlet 13 enables centralized flow distribution of fluid, and the return main 15 enables centralized return of fluid, simplifying pipeline connections and improving the smoothness and stability of fluid circulation. At the same time, it is convenient to flexibly adjust the fluid flow rate of the corresponding heat absorption branch 14 according to the operating load of each air liquefaction unit, adapting to the compression heat recovery requirements under different operating conditions and improving the system's operational flexibility.

[0055] In practical applications, each of the heat absorption branches 14 is respectively matched with the heat release side of the liquefaction heat exchanger 2 in each of the air liquefaction units.

[0056] For this technical solution, the coordination relationship between the heat absorption branch 14 and the heat release side of the liquefaction heat exchanger 2 is clearly defined, ensuring that the heat absorption branch 14 can be accurately connected to the side of the liquefaction heat exchanger 2 that releases the compression heat, maximizing the absorption efficiency of the compression heat and reducing the loss of compression heat in the liquefaction heat exchanger 2; at the same time, it avoids problems such as insufficient heat absorption and energy waste caused by misconnection of the heat absorption branch 14 to other parts of the heat exchanger, further optimizing the heat transfer efficiency of the energy transport module and ensuring the overall energy utilization rate of the system.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined cooling, heating, and power system that couples waste heat from a data center with liquid air energy storage, characterized in that... include: Air liquefaction module: Used to compress and liquefy air at night, storing cold energy in liquid air, and the heat of compression generated during the compression process is transferred through the energy transport module; it releases cold energy during the day to cool the data center; Absorption cooling module: It only works at night, and obtains the heat of compression from the air liquefaction module through the energy transport module as the driving heat source to achieve nighttime cooling of the data center; Energy transport module: used to directionally transport the compression heat of the air liquefaction module to the absorption refrigeration module, while realizing the recovery and recycling of heat; The data center heat dissipation module is used to collect the heat generated during the operation of the data center. During the day, this heat is the object of cooling by the air liquefaction module, and at night, this heat is the object of cooling by the absorption cooling module.

2. The combined cooling, heating, and power system for data center waste heat and liquid air energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data center heat dissipation module includes an expander (9) with power generation function and a data center heat exchanger (1). During the day, the liquid air in the air liquefaction module flows through the heat absorption pipe of the data center heat exchanger (1), absorbs heat and vaporizes into high-pressure air. The high-pressure air drives the expander (9) to work, converts the pressure potential energy of the high-pressure air into electrical energy for recovery, and converts the high-pressure air into low-pressure air and discharges it to the outside. At night, the cold energy fluid generated by the absorption cooling module absorbs heat through the heat absorption pipe of the data center heat exchanger (1) and flows back to the absorption cooling module to generate cold energy fluid again. This process is repeated to achieve nighttime cooling.

3. The combined cooling, heating, and power system for data center waste heat and liquid air energy storage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The air liquefaction module includes at least one air liquefaction unit and a liquid air storage tank (4) connected to each air liquefaction unit. The air liquefaction unit includes a liquefaction heat exchanger (2) and a compressor (3) connected in series alternately, so that the air is liquefied by passing through the liquefaction heat exchanger (2) to release heat and the compressor (3) to compress it in a cycle. The liquid air storage tank (4) is used to receive and store liquefied air.

4. The combined cooling, heating, and power system for data center waste heat and liquid air energy storage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air liquefaction module also includes a gas-liquid separator (5): used to separate liquefied liquid air and unliquefied gaseous air, introduce the liquid air into the liquid air storage tank (4) for storage, and allow the unliquefied gaseous air to re-enter the air liquefaction unit for reliquefaction.

5. The combined cooling, heating, and power system for data center waste heat and liquid air energy storage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The absorption refrigeration module includes a generator, a condenser (7), an absorber, and a first fluid delivery unit (10). The generator absorbs the heat of compression transmitted by the energy transport module, causing the water in the generator to vaporize into high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor, which then enters the condenser (7). The high-concentration fluid after the water evaporates enters the absorber through the first fluid transport unit (10). The condenser (7) cools the high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor into low-temperature and high-pressure liquid water, which then enters the data center heat exchanger (1) of the data center heat dissipation module. After absorbing the heat of the data center, the water vapor is vaporized and absorbed by the high-concentration fluid in the absorber. After the absorber absorbs water vapor, the high-concentration fluid is converted into a low-concentration fluid, which is then introduced into the generator through the first fluid delivery unit (10) to complete the cycle.

6. The combined cooling, heating, and power system for data center waste heat and liquid air energy storage according to claim 5, characterized in that, The absorption refrigeration module also includes a throttling valve (11). The low-temperature, high-pressure liquid water output by the condenser (7) is depressurized by the throttling valve (11) and converted into low-temperature, low-pressure liquid water. The low-temperature, low-pressure liquid water flows into the heat absorption pipeline of the data center heat exchanger (1) to absorb the heat of the heat absorption pipeline and vaporize.

7. The combined cooling, heating, and power system for data center waste heat and liquid air energy storage according to claim 5, characterized in that, A regenerator (6) is provided between the generator and the absorber. The regenerator (6) transfers heat from the high-concentration fluid to the low-concentration fluid through heat exchange, causing the high-concentration fluid to cool down and flow into the absorber, and causing the low-concentration fluid to heat up and flow into the generator.

8. The combined cooling, heating, and power system for data center waste heat and liquid air energy storage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The energy transport module includes: High-temperature water storage tank (8): used to store the heat of compression of the air liquefaction module, and cooperates with the generator of the absorption refrigeration module to provide a heating source for the generator; Second fluid delivery unit (12): It is installed on the heat absorption pipe and is used to drive fluid flow; Heat absorption pipeline: It works in conjunction with each of the air liquefaction units and the high-temperature water storage tank (8) to absorb the heat of compression released by the air liquefaction unit during the air compression process, so that the fluid is heated and flows back to the high-temperature water storage tank (8). The heat of the high-temperature water storage tank (8) is absorbed by the generator and then flows into the heat absorption pipeline.

9. The combined cooling, heating, and power system for data center waste heat and liquid air energy storage according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heat absorption pipeline includes a main outlet (13), a heat absorption branch (14), and a return main (15). The number of heat absorption branches (14) is consistent with the number of air liquefaction units in the air liquefaction module, and each branch corresponds to one of the air liquefaction units. The outlets of each heat absorption branch (14) are combined and connected to the inlet of the return main (15). The outlet of the return main (15) is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature water storage tank (8) to achieve centralized return of high-temperature fluid. The main water outlet (13) has at least one outlet, and each outlet corresponds to the inlet of each heat absorption branch (14). The inlet of the main water outlet (13) is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature water storage tank (8).

10. The combined cooling, heating, and power system for data center waste heat and liquid air energy storage according to claim 9, characterized in that, Each of the heat absorption branches (14) is connected to the heat release side of the liquefaction heat exchanger (2) in each of the air liquefaction units.

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