Water-cooling and air-cooling double-cooling heat exchanger based on micro-channel heat exchange structure and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchangers, and particularly relates to a micro-channel heat exchange structure-based water-cooling and air-cooling double-cooling heat exchanger and method, the micro-channel heat exchange structure-based water-cooling and air-cooling double-cooling heat exchanger comprises a refrigerant assembly, a water-cooling assembly, an air-cooling assembly and a PLC, the water-cooling assembly is fixed on the front side of the refrigerant assembly, the air-cooling assembly is in contact with the rear side of the refrigerant assembly, and the PLC is in contact with the water-cooling assembly. A plurality of heat insulation assemblies corresponding to the air cooling assemblies are fixed to the rear side of the refrigerant assembly. According to the micro-channel heat exchanger, an air cooling mode, a water cooling mode or a double-cooling cooperative heat exchange mode can be intelligently switched according to the refrigerant medium load, air flow can be forced to evenly penetrate through the air cooling fins to improve the heat exchange efficiency and reduce air resistance, self-adaptive heat compensation can be achieved for the problem of uneven flow and heat exchange of the micro-channel refrigerant pipe, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. In addition, a high-heat conduction path from the refrigerant pipe to the air cooling fins can be cut off so as to restrain extra heat loss, reliable heat exchange is guaranteed, meanwhile, energy is saved, the refrigerant temperature is balanced, and the temperature control precision and the system operation stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of heat exchanger technology, and in particular relates to a water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger and method based on a microchannel heat exchange structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of high-power power electronic equipment, thermal management systems for new energy vehicles, and high-density servers in data centers, the heat flux density of equipment continues to rise, placing stringent demands on the heat exchange efficiency, structural compactness, temperature control accuracy, and adaptability to operating conditions of heat dissipation equipment. Microchannel heat exchange structures, with their core advantages of large specific surface area, high heat transfer coefficient, and compact size, have become a core technical solution for high heat flux density heat dissipation scenarios. Meanwhile, dual-cooling heat exchangers integrating both water and air cooling modes can meet both extreme heat dissipation needs and energy-saving operation requirements under different load conditions, and have been widely researched and applied in the industry.

[0003] However, existing water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchangers based on microchannel heat exchange structures still have many technical defects that need to be solved in practical engineering applications, which seriously limit their performance and adaptability to different scenarios.

[0004] Firstly, in the air-cooling heat dissipation stage, existing technologies mostly adopt open fin array structures. When the fan drives the airflow through the fins, problems such as airflow bypass and eddy current losses easily occur. A large amount of airflow is lost through the fin gaps and structural edges without effectively participating in heat exchange. This not only significantly reduces ventilation utilization and air-side heat exchange efficiency, but also increases airflow resistance and fan operating energy consumption. It is difficult to fully realize the performance potential of air-cooling heat dissipation and achieve efficient and low-consumption air-cooled auxiliary heat dissipation.

[0005] Secondly, existing dual-cooling heat exchangers mostly employ an overall coordinated control mode for water cooling and air cooling, which cannot solve the inherent problem of uneven heat transfer in microchannel heat exchange structures. In conventional structures using multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes connected in parallel, due to unavoidable factors such as uneven pressure distribution along the manifold and manufacturing and assembly tolerances of the microchannel refrigerant pipes, each refrigerant pipe generally exhibits inherent flow deviations and differences in heat transfer coefficients. This leads to inconsistent heat transfer efficiency and uneven output refrigerant temperature among the refrigerant pipes, easily forming local hot spots and affecting the operational stability and service life of the cooled equipment. Existing technologies can only achieve global control by adjusting the overall operating parameters of the water cooling system, and cannot precisely compensate for localized areas with insufficient heat transfer. This easily leads to the contradiction of "local overheating requiring increased load and overall undercooling resulting in high energy consumption," making it difficult to simultaneously ensure heat dissipation reliability and system operating efficiency.

[0006] Furthermore, in existing dual-cooling heat exchangers, the air-cooled components are often in direct, rigid contact with the microchannel refrigerant pipes, creating a continuous high-heat conduction path between them. Even when operating in water-cooled mode with the fan off, the air-cooled fins will continue to dissipate heat from the refrigerant into the environment through natural convection and thermal radiation, easily leading to over-cooling of the refrigerant and temperature deviation from the set value. This problem not only significantly reduces the system's temperature control accuracy and causes unnecessary energy loss, but can even cause the cooled object to malfunction due to excessively low temperatures, severely limiting the application of heat exchangers in wide-condition, high-precision temperature control scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned problems by providing a water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger and method based on a microchannel heat exchange structure.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure, comprising a refrigerant component, a water-cooling component, an air-cooling component, and a PLC controller. The water-cooling component is fixed on the front side of the refrigerant component, and the air-cooling component is in contact with the rear side of the refrigerant component. A plurality of heat insulation components corresponding to the air-cooling component are fixed on the rear side of the refrigerant component.

[0009] The refrigerant assembly includes multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes arranged side by side, with the upper ends of the multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes fixedly connected to the same refrigerant inlet pipe and the lower ends of the multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes fixedly connected to the same refrigerant outlet pipe.

[0010] The air-cooled assembly includes multiple heat exchange ducts arranged side by side. Multiple heat exchange fins are symmetrically fixedly connected to the inner side of each heat exchange duct. Each heat exchange duct has a fixed air supply hood at its lower end, and an air supply pipe is fixedly connected to the lower end of each air supply hood. The lower ends of the multiple air supply pipes are fixedly connected to the same air supply buffer pipe, and the lower end of the air supply buffer pipe is fixedly connected to a makeup air pipe. A blower is installed on the makeup air pipe, and an adjustable electrically controlled valve is installed on the air supply pipe. Each heat exchange duct has an fixed exhaust hood at its upper end, and an exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the upper end of each exhaust hood. The upper ends of the multiple exhaust pipes are fixedly connected to the same exhaust buffer pipe, and the upper end of the exhaust buffer pipe is fixedly connected to an outlet pipe. An exhaust fan is installed on the outlet pipe.

[0011] In the aforementioned water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure, the refrigerant assembly further includes multiple patch temperature sensors. These multiple patch temperature sensors are respectively fixed to the outer wall of the discharge end of multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes, and are used to monitor the temperature of the refrigerant discharged after heat exchange in real time within the microchannel refrigerant pipes.

[0012] In the above-mentioned water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on microchannel heat exchange structure, the water-cooling component includes multiple water-cooling pipes arranged side by side. The multiple water-cooling pipes are respectively fixed on multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes and share the same pipe wall with the microchannel refrigerant pipes. The lower ends of the multiple water-cooling pipes are fixedly connected to the same water-cooling inlet pipe, and the upper ends of the multiple water-cooling pipes are fixedly connected to the same water-cooling outlet pipe.

[0013] In the above-mentioned water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on microchannel heat exchange structure, the air-cooling component also includes a support frame. The side wall of the support frame is fixed with multiple electric push rods. The moving ends of the multiple electric push rods are fixedly connected to mounting plates. The mounting plates are fixed to the rear side of multiple heat exchange air ducts. A heat-conducting block inserted into the heat insulation component is also fixed to one side of the heat exchange air duct.

[0014] In the above-mentioned water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on microchannel heat exchange structure, the heat insulation component includes a heat insulation frame fixed to the rear side of the microchannel refrigerant pipe. Two heat insulation plates are symmetrically connected to the inner side of the end of the heat insulation frame away from the microchannel refrigerant pipe via a rotating shaft. The end of the rotating shaft away from the heat insulation plate passes through the outside of the heat insulation frame and is fixedly connected with an anti-detachment plate. A torsion return spring sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected between the anti-detachment plate and the heat insulation frame.

[0015] In the above-mentioned water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on microchannel heat exchange structure, both ends of the heat insulation plate are designed with arc structure, and the surface is coated with a layer of lubricant.

[0016] In the above-mentioned water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on microchannel heat exchange structure, the cross-section of the heat exchange duct gradually expands along the air flow direction, making the outlet cross-section of the heat exchange duct larger than the inlet cross-section.

[0017] The working method of a water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. The cold medium to be heat exchanged is sent into multiple parallel microchannel cold medium pipes through the cold medium inlet pipe. The PLC controller matches the corresponding heat exchange mode based on the initial temperature of the cold medium. After the heat exchange is completed, the cold medium is discharged through the cold medium outlet pipe.

[0019] S2. When the refrigerant is under low load and low temperature conditions, the PLC controller starts the independent air-cooled heat exchange mode and simultaneously controls the start of the supply fan and exhaust fan. The outside heat exchange air is sent into the supply air buffer pipe through the make-up air pipe, and distributed to the corresponding heat exchange air duct through multiple supply air pipes and supply air hoods. The airflow fully contacts the heat exchange fins in the heat exchange air duct to complete the heat exchange. The air carrying heat flows into the exhaust air buffer pipe through the exhaust hood and exhaust air pipe, and is finally discharged through the air outlet pipe. During this process, the PLC controller adjusts the supply air flow of the supply air pipe through the adjustable electric control valve to match the real-time heat exchange requirements.

[0020] S3. When the refrigerant is under high load and high temperature conditions, the PLC controller starts the separate water-cooled heat exchange mode, controls the water-cooled components to start and run, and works with the microchannel refrigerant pipe to complete the main heat exchange. At the same time, the heat insulation component isolates the heat conduction path between the microchannel refrigerant pipe and the air-cooled components to avoid additional heat dissipation of the refrigerant.

[0021] S4. When the cooling medium is under ultra-high load extreme conditions, the PLC controller simultaneously starts the water-cooled components and air-cooled components to run at full power, and completes heat exchange through the dual paths of water cooling and air cooling to ensure heat exchange efficiency and operational stability under extreme conditions.

[0022] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. By setting up refrigerant components, water cooling components, and air cooling components, the appropriate heat exchange mode can be selected based on the load of the refrigerant. Air cooling is used for low load and low temperature, water cooling is used for high load and high temperature, and dual cooling is used in synergy under extreme conditions, saving energy while ensuring the availability of heat exchange.

[0024] 2. Through the design of the air-cooled components and the closed heat exchange duct, airflow can be forced to pass evenly through the air-cooled fins, effectively eliminating airflow bypass and eddy current losses, significantly improving ventilation utilization and air-side heat exchange efficiency, reducing duct resistance, and enhancing overall heat dissipation performance. It can also work in conjunction with the water-cooled components to address the problems of uneven heat exchange and inconsistent output refrigerant temperatures caused by inherent flow deviations and heat transfer coefficient differences in multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes during actual operation due to factors such as uneven pressure distribution along the pipe and processing and assembly tolerances. It achieves adaptive thermal compensation, accurately supplementing the insufficient local water-cooled heat exchange capacity, making the heat exchange state of each microchannel refrigerant pipe tend to be balanced, ensuring stable and uniform output refrigerant temperature, and improving the overall temperature control accuracy and operational reliability of the system.

[0025] 3. By using the heat insulation components, the problem of high heat conduction path formed when the heat-conducting blocks, heat exchange ducts and heat exchange fins of the air-cooled components are in direct contact with the microchannel refrigerant pipes during water-cooled heat exchange can be effectively avoided. The heat transfer from the refrigerant pipes to the air-cooled fins is cut off from the heat conduction path, which significantly suppresses the additional heat loss caused by natural convection and radiation heat dissipation, avoids excessive cooling of the refrigerant, effectively improves the system temperature control accuracy and energy utilization, and ensures that the cooled object works stably within the appropriate temperature range. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the split three-dimensional structure of the water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on the microchannel heat exchange structure provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the refrigerant assembly of the water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the water-cooled component of the water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the air-cooling component of the water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the central heat exchange duct;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the insulation component of the water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure provided by the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1 Refrigerant assembly, 11 Microchannel refrigerant pipe, 12 Refrigerant inlet pipe, 13 Refrigerant outlet pipe, 14 Surface mount temperature sensor, 2 Water cooling assembly, 21 Water cooling pipe, 22 Water cooling inlet pipe, 23 Water cooling outlet pipe, 3 Air cooling assembly, 31 Heat exchange duct, 32 Heat exchange fins, 33 Air supply hood, 34 Air supply duct, 35 Air supply buffer pipe, 36 Make-up air duct, 37 Air supply fan, 38 Adjustable electric control valve, 39 Exhaust hood, 310 Exhaust duct, 311 Exhaust buffer pipe, 312 Outlet duct, 313 Exhaust fan, 314 Support frame, 315 Electric push rod, 316 Mounting plate, 317 Heat conduction block, 4 Insulation assembly, 41 Insulation frame, 42 Rotating shaft, 43 Insulation plate, 44 Anti-detachment plate, 45 Torque return spring. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0035] like Figures 1-7 As shown, a water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure includes a refrigerant component 1, a water-cooled component 2, an air-cooled component 3, and a PLC controller. The water-cooled component 2 is fixed to the front side of the refrigerant component 1, and the air-cooled component 3 is in contact with the rear side of the refrigerant component 1. Multiple heat insulation components 4, which are correspondingly arranged with the air-cooled component 3, are fixed to the rear side of the refrigerant component 1.

[0036] The refrigerant assembly 1 includes multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes 11 arranged side by side. The upper ends of the multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes 11 are fixedly connected to the same refrigerant inlet pipe 12, and the lower ends of the multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes 11 are fixedly connected to the same refrigerant outlet pipe 13. The refrigerant assembly 1 also includes multiple patch temperature sensors 14, which are respectively fixed on the outer wall of the outlet end of the multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes 11, and are used to monitor the temperature of the refrigerant discharged after heat exchange in the microchannel refrigerant pipes 11 in real time.

[0037] The air-cooled assembly 3 includes multiple heat exchange ducts 31 arranged side by side. Multiple heat exchange fins 32 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the inner side of each heat exchange duct 31. The cross-section of each heat exchange duct 31 gradually expands along the airflow direction, making the outlet cross-section larger than the inlet cross-section. Each heat exchange duct 31 has a fixedly connected air supply hood 33 at its lower end. An air supply pipe 34 is fixedly connected to the lower end of each air supply hood 33. The lower ends of the multiple air supply pipes 34 are fixedly connected to the same air supply buffer pipe 35. A makeup air pipe 36 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the makeup air pipe 36. A blower 37 is installed on the makeup air pipe 36. An adjustable electrically controlled valve 38 is installed on each air supply pipe 34. The upper end of each of the 31 is fixedly connected to an exhaust hood 39, the upper end of the exhaust hood 39 is fixedly connected to an exhaust pipe 310, the upper ends of multiple exhaust pipes 310 are fixedly connected to the same exhaust buffer pipe 311, the upper end of the exhaust buffer pipe 311 is fixedly connected to an air outlet pipe 312, an exhaust fan 313 is installed on the air outlet pipe 312, the air-cooled assembly 3 also includes a support frame 314, the side wall of the support frame 314 is fixedly fitted with multiple electric push rods 315, the moving ends of the multiple electric push rods 315 are fixedly connected to an mounting plate 316, the mounting plate 316 is fixed to the rear side of multiple heat exchange air ducts 31, and a heat-conducting block 317 inserted into the heat insulation assembly 4 is also fixed on one side of the heat exchange air duct 31.

[0038] The water-cooling assembly 2 includes multiple water-cooling pipes 21 arranged side by side. The multiple water-cooling pipes 21 are respectively fixed on multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes 11 and share the same pipe wall with the microchannel refrigerant pipes 11. The lower ends of the multiple water-cooling pipes 21 are fixedly connected to the same water-cooling inlet pipe 22, and the upper ends of the multiple water-cooling pipes 21 are fixedly connected to the same water-cooling outlet pipe 23.

[0039] The heat insulation component 4 includes a heat insulation frame 41 fixed to the rear side of the microchannel refrigerant pipe 11. Two heat insulation plates 43 are symmetrically connected to the inner side of the end of the heat insulation frame 41 away from the microchannel refrigerant pipe 11 via a rotating shaft 42. The end of the rotating shaft 42 away from the heat insulation plates 43 passes through the outside of the heat insulation frame 41 and is fixedly connected to an anti-detachment plate 44. A torsion return spring 45 sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 42 is fixedly connected between the anti-detachment plate 44 and the heat insulation frame 41. Both ends of the heat insulation plate 43 are designed with arc structures and the surface is coated with a layer of lubricant.

[0040] The operating principle of the present invention is described as follows: The cold medium to be heat exchanged first enters the cold medium assembly 1, and is diverted through the cold medium inlet pipe 12 into multiple parallel microchannel cold medium pipes 11. After heat exchange, the cold medium is finally discharged through the cold medium outlet pipe 13. The entire heat exchange process is controlled by a PLC controller as the core control unit. Based on the initial inlet temperature of the cold medium and the real-time feedback temperature of the surface-mount temperature sensor 14 at the end of each microchannel cold medium pipe 11, the PLC controller automatically matches the heat exchange mode and adjusts the operating parameters to achieve adaptive and precise temperature control under all operating conditions.

[0041] When the initial inlet temperature of the refrigerant is in the low-load, low-temperature range, the PLC controller switches to a standalone air-cooled heat exchange mode, activating only the air-cooled component 3 to complete the heat exchange. Simultaneously, the PLC controller controls the supply fan 37 and exhaust fan 313 to start operation. Outside air is pressurized by the supply fan 37 and then sent into the supply air buffer pipe 35. After pressure equalization in the supply air buffer pipe 35, the air is distributed to each supply air pipe 34 equipped with an adjustable electrically controlled valve 38, and then directed through the air supply hood 33 into the corresponding closed heat exchange duct 31. The heat exchange duct 31 is then connected to the heat-conducting block 317 at its end. The refrigerant pipe 11 is tightly attached to the outer wall of the microchannel refrigerant pipe, which quickly conducts the heat carried by the refrigerant to the multiple sets of heat exchange fins 32 in the heat exchange air duct 31. The air flowing through the heat exchange air duct 31 comes into full contact with the heat exchange fins 32 to complete the heat exchange. The heat-carrying air flows through the exhaust hood 39 and the exhaust pipe 310 into the exhaust buffer pipe 311, and is finally discharged at high speed through the air outlet pipe 312. During operation, the exhaust fan 313 forms a continuous negative pressure suction in the air outlet pipe 312, which guides the heat-exchanged air to be discharged quickly, avoids heat accumulation in the air duct, and further enhances the heat exchange efficiency.

[0042] During this process, the closed heat exchange duct 31 can force all the airflow to pass through the heat exchange fins 32, completely eliminating airflow bypass and eddy current losses, significantly improving ventilation utilization and air-side heat exchange efficiency, while reducing the flow resistance of the duct. The cross-section of the heat exchange duct 31 is designed with a gradually expanding shape along the airflow direction, which can adapt to the volume expansion characteristics of the air after heating. This solves the problems of pressure buildup, thickening of the airflow boundary layer, local wall detachment, and heat exchange efficiency decay along the way that are prone to occur in fixed cross-section ducts, and achieves the effects of reducing wind resistance, ensuring that the airflow is close to the heat exchange fins 32 throughout the entire process, and improving the heat exchange uniformity of the entire duct.

[0043] Meanwhile, the PLC controller can automatically adjust the operating power of the supply fan 37 and the exhaust fan 313 based on the initial inlet temperature of the refrigerant: the higher the initial inlet temperature of the refrigerant, the greater the required heat exchange intensity, and the PLC controller will correspondingly increase the operating power of the supply fan 37 and the exhaust fan 313 to ensure the basic heat exchange quality; each microchannel refrigerant pipe 11 has a patch-type temperature sensor 14 installed on the outer wall of the heat exchange terminal, which can monitor the output temperature of the refrigerant after heat exchange in multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes 11 in real time. Based on the temperature feedback values ​​of multiple sets of patch-type temperature sensors 14, the PLC controller automatically adjusts the corresponding... The opening and closing angle of the adjustable solenoid valve 38 on the air supply duct 34: The higher the temperature reported by the patch-type temperature sensor 14 of the microchannel refrigerant pipe 11, the more insufficient the heat exchange capacity of the refrigerant pipe is. The PLC controller automatically increases the opening and closing angle of the corresponding adjustable solenoid valve 38, so that more heat exchange air enters the corresponding heat exchange air duct 31, providing a greater heat exchange intensity. The air volume can be automatically distributed based on the actual heat exchange demand of a single refrigerant pipe, which solves the problem of uneven heat exchange and inconsistent output temperature caused by the inherent flow deviation and heat exchange coefficient difference of multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes 11, ensuring the overall heat exchange quality and efficiency.

[0044] When the initial inlet temperature of the refrigerant is in the high load and high temperature range, the PLC controller switches to the standalone water-cooled heat exchange mode, only starting the water-cooled component 2 to complete the heat exchange work, and at the same time triggering the heat insulation protection mechanism. The cooling water is diverted through the water-cooled inlet pipe 22 of the water-cooled component 2 into multiple water-cooled pipes 21. The water-cooled pipes 21 and the microchannel refrigerant pipes 11 share the same heat exchange pipe wall. The heat carried by the refrigerant is quickly removed through the indirect counterflow heat exchange. After the heat exchange is completed, the heated cooling water is discharged to the external cooling circuit through the water-cooled outlet pipe 23.

[0045] Simultaneously, to avoid additional heat loss caused by the air-cooled component 3 when water-cooled alone, the PLC controller controls the electric push rod 315 to move, causing the heat exchange air duct 31 on the mounting plate 316 to move backward as a whole, so that the heat conduction block 317 completely separates from the contact with the outer wall of the microchannel refrigerant pipe 11. After the heat conduction block 317 separates, the torsion return spring 45 of the heat insulation component 4 releases its elastic force, causing the two heat insulation plates 43 on the rotating shaft 42 to return to their original rotation, completely closing the open end of the heat insulation frame 41, isolating the heat conduction path between the side of the microchannel refrigerant pipe 11 away from the water-cooled component 2 and the air-cooled component 3, cutting off the heat transfer from the refrigerant pipe to the heat exchange fins 32 from the root, significantly suppressing the additional heat loss caused by natural convection and thermal radiation, solving the problem of refrigerant overcooling and temperature deviation from the set value when water-cooled alone is running, effectively improving the system temperature control accuracy and energy utilization, avoiding overcooling operation failure of the cooled object, and ensuring that it works stably within the appropriate temperature range;

[0046] During operation in standalone water-cooling mode, when the output refrigerant temperature of multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes 11 is inconsistent and the temperature of some refrigerant pipes exceeds the set threshold, the PLC controller automatically starts the air-cooling local adaptive compensation function.

[0047] Under this operating condition, due to unavoidable factors such as uneven pressure distribution along the pipes and inherent processing and assembly tolerances, multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes 11 exhibit inherent flow deviations and differences in heat transfer coefficients. This leads to inconsistent heat transfer efficiency and uneven output refrigerant temperature among the refrigerant pipes, easily forming localized hot spots. At this time, the PLC controller controls the electric push rod 315 to move the heat exchange air duct 31 forward, restoring contact between the heat conduction block 317 and the outer wall of the microchannel refrigerant pipes 11. Simultaneously, based on the real-time temperature feedback from each surface-mount temperature sensor 14, and in conjunction with the adjustable electronic control valve 38, the heat exchange air of the air-cooled assembly 3 is precisely controlled. Distribution and control: By real-time identification of the area where the microchannel refrigerant pipe 11 has a high temperature through distributed temperature detection, the opening angle of the corresponding adjustable solenoid valve 38 is increased in the local area, and the air cooling is independently activated to enhance heat dissipation, which precisely makes up for the insufficient water cooling heat exchange capacity in the area. For the area of ​​the refrigerant pipe with normal or low temperature, the corresponding adjustable solenoid valve 38 is reduced or closed to reduce the air volume or stop the air cooling supply, so as to avoid refrigerant overcooling and energy waste. This achieves adaptive compensation for the problem of uneven water cooling heat exchange, so that the heat exchange state of each microchannel refrigerant pipe 11 tends to be balanced, and the output refrigerant temperature is stable and uniform.

[0048] When the initial inlet temperature of the refrigerant far exceeds the set threshold and the system is under extreme high load conditions, the PLC controller simultaneously starts the water-cooled component 2 and the air-cooled component 3 to operate at full power. The dual cooling system works together to ensure the extreme heat exchange requirements. The water-cooled component 2 completes the main heat exchange through the shared pipe wall of the water-cooled pipe 21 and the microchannel refrigerant pipe 11, quickly removing most of the heat carried by the refrigerant. At the same time, the PLC controller controls the electric push rod 315 to move the heat exchange duct 31 forward completely, so that all the heat conduction blocks 317 are in close contact with the outer wall of the corresponding microchannel refrigerant pipe 11. The blower 37 and the exhaust fan 313 operate at full power, and all adjustable electric control valves 38 are fully open. Secondary enhanced heat exchange is completed through the fully enclosed heat exchange duct 31 and the heat exchange fins 32. The dual heat dissipation paths of water cooling and air cooling work together to maximize the heat exchange capacity and ensure the heat exchange quality and equipment operation reliability under extreme conditions.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure, comprising a refrigerant assembly (1), a water-cooling assembly (2), an air-cooling assembly (3), and a PLC controller, characterized in that, The water-cooled component (2) is fixed on the front side of the refrigerant component (1), and the air-cooled component (3) is in contact with the rear side of the refrigerant component (1). A plurality of heat insulation components (4) corresponding to the air-cooled component (3) are fixed on the rear side of the refrigerant component (1). The refrigerant assembly (1) includes multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes (11) arranged side by side. The upper ends of the multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes (11) are fixedly connected to the same refrigerant inlet pipe (12), and the lower ends of the multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes (11) are fixedly connected to the same refrigerant outlet pipe (13). The air-cooled assembly (3) includes multiple heat exchange ducts (31) arranged side by side. Multiple heat exchange fins (32) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the inner side of each heat exchange duct (31). Each heat exchange duct (31) has a fixed air supply hood (33) at its lower end. An air supply pipe (34) is fixedly connected to the lower end of each air supply hood (33). The lower ends of the multiple air supply pipes (34) are fixedly connected to the same air supply buffer pipe (35). The lower end of the air supply buffer pipe (35) is fixedly connected to a makeup air pipe (36). 6) A blower (37) is installed on the top, and an adjustable electric control valve (38) is installed on the blower pipe (34). The upper ends of the multiple heat exchange air ducts (31) are all fixedly connected to exhaust hoods (39). The upper ends of the exhaust hoods (39) are fixedly connected to exhaust pipes (310). The upper ends of the multiple exhaust pipes (310) are fixedly connected to the same exhaust buffer pipe (311). The upper ends of the exhaust buffer pipe (311) are fixedly connected to an air outlet pipe (312). An exhaust fan (313) is installed on the air outlet pipe (312).

2. The water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The refrigerant assembly (1) also includes multiple patch temperature sensors (14), which are respectively fixed on the outer wall of the discharge end of multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes (11) to monitor the temperature of the refrigerant discharged after heat exchange in real time.

3. The water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-cooling assembly (2) includes multiple water-cooling pipes (21) arranged side by side. The multiple water-cooling pipes (21) are respectively fixed on multiple microchannel refrigerant pipes (11) and share the same pipe wall with the microchannel refrigerant pipes (11). The lower ends of the multiple water-cooling pipes (21) are fixedly connected to the same water-cooling inlet pipe (22), and the upper ends of the multiple water-cooling pipes (21) are fixedly connected to the same water-cooling outlet pipe (23).

4. The water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air-cooled assembly (3) also includes a support frame (314), the side wall of which is fixed with multiple electric push rods (315), the moving ends of the multiple electric push rods (315) are fixedly connected with mounting plates (316), the mounting plates (316) are fixed on the rear side of multiple heat exchange ducts (31), and a heat-conducting block (317) inserted into the heat insulation assembly (4) is also fixed on one side of the heat exchange duct (31).

5. The water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat insulation component (4) includes a heat insulation frame (41) fixed on the rear side of the microchannel refrigerant pipe (11). Two heat insulation plates (43) are symmetrically connected to the inner side of the end of the heat insulation frame (41) away from the microchannel refrigerant pipe (11) via a rotating shaft (42). The end of the rotating shaft (42) away from the heat insulation plate (43) passes through the outside of the heat insulation frame (41) and is fixedly connected to an anti-detachment plate (44). A torsion return spring (45) sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft (42) is fixedly connected between the anti-detachment plate (44) and the heat insulation frame (41).

6. The water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both ends of the heat insulation board (43) are designed with arc structures, and the surface is coated with a layer of lubricant.

7. The water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the heat exchange duct (31) expands gradually along the airflow direction, making the outlet cross-section of the heat exchange duct (31) larger than the inlet cross-section.

8. A method for operating a water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure, wherein the water-cooled and air-cooled dual-cooling heat exchanger based on a microchannel heat exchange structure as described in any one of claims 1-7 is characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The cold medium to be heat exchanged is sent into multiple parallel microchannel cold medium pipes (11) through the cold medium inlet pipe (12). The PLC controller matches the corresponding heat exchange mode based on the initial temperature of the cold medium. After the heat exchange is completed, the cold medium is discharged through the cold medium outlet pipe (13). S2. When the cold medium is under low load and low temperature conditions, the PLC controller starts the separate air-cooled heat exchange mode and synchronously controls the start of the blower (37) and the exhaust fan (313). The outside heat exchange air is sent into the air supply buffer pipe (35) through the make-up air pipe (36), and distributed to the corresponding heat exchange air duct (31) through multiple air supply pipes (34) and air supply hood (33). The airflow and the heat exchange fins (32) in the heat exchange air duct (31) fully contact each other to complete the heat exchange. The air carrying heat flows into the exhaust buffer pipe (311) through the exhaust hood (39) and exhaust pipe (310), and is finally discharged through the air outlet pipe (312). During this process, the PLC controller adjusts the air supply flow of the air supply pipe (34) through the adjustable electric control valve (38) to match the real-time heat exchange requirements. S3. When the cold medium is under high load and high temperature conditions, the PLC controller starts the separate water cooling heat exchange mode, controls the water cooling component (2) to start running, and works with the microchannel cold medium pipe (11) to complete the main heat exchange. At the same time, the heat conduction path between the microchannel cold medium pipe (11) and the air cooling component (3) is isolated by the heat insulation component (4) to avoid additional heat dissipation of the cold medium. S4. When the cooling medium is under ultra-high load extreme conditions, the PLC controller will simultaneously start the water-cooled component (2) and the air-cooled component (3) to run at full power. The heat exchange is completed through the dual paths of water cooling and air cooling, ensuring the heat exchange efficiency and operation stability under extreme conditions.

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