Summer peanut-winter wheat double-night double-dense year-round high-yield cultivation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a summer peanut-winter wheat double-night double-dense annual high-yield cultivation method which is used for improving the multiple cropping index and the land comprehensive production capacity. According to the year-round high-yield cultivation method for summer peanuts and winter wheat with double-night double-density, by optimizing planting density and arrangement of crop rotation time, a high-quality population can be established, year-round light, temperature, fertilizer and water resources are fully utilized, and the yield and quality of crops are improved. According to the method, regulation and control of the double-density planting density are adopted, the planting density of the peanuts is increased by 10%-20% compared with the conventional planting density, the planting density of the winter wheat is increased by 10%-15% compared with the conventional planting density, the problems of few branches and few fruiting of a single plant of the summer direct-seeding peanuts are solved, biomass accumulation in unit area is effectively improved, high yield is achieved by constructing high-quality groups, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Meanwhile, the utilization efficiency of light and temperature resources by crops is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to a method for high-yield year-round cultivation of summer peanuts and winter wheat with double late and double dense planting. This method is used to improve the multiple cropping index and the comprehensive productivity of the land. Background Technology

[0002] Winter wheat-summer peanut rotation is a typical double-cropping pattern in warm-temperate dryland farming areas. Wheat is a major staple food crop, while peanuts are important oilseed and cash crops. From a physiological perspective, wheat belongs to the Poaceae family with fibrous root systems, while peanuts belong to the Leguminosae family with taproot systems. Their root depths and nutrient absorption preferences differ: wheat primarily absorbs nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from the shallow soil layers, while peanut rhizobia can fix atmospheric nitrogen and absorb nutrients from deeper soil layers. Rotation helps reduce the reliance on a single type of soil nutrient. Compared to single-cropping, winter wheat-summer peanut rotation significantly increases the multiple cropping index, enabling year-round production of two crops on the same plot, and substantially improving annual yield and economic benefits per unit area of ​​arable land.

[0003] However, while the traditional wheat-peanut rotation model can guarantee certain economic benefits and has been a long-standing planting system in dryland areas, it suffers from limitations due to reliance on experience-based planting management and a lack of scientific configuration. It fails to match crop planting time and field planting density with regional light and heat resources and soil fertility conditions, resulting in low resource utilization efficiency, soil degradation, and difficulty in achieving annual yield targets. Summer peanuts generally have weaker growth, and due to their shorter pod-maturation period (about 25 days shorter than spring peanuts), the number of pods per plant is limited. This is the fundamental reason why summer peanuts have fewer pods, lighter pod weight, and generally lower yield and quality compared to spring peanuts. Therefore, extending the pod-maturation period of summer peanuts and building high-yield populations are key ways to improve their yield and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a method for high-yield year-round cultivation of summer peanuts and winter wheat with double late and double dense planting.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above objectives is as follows: This invention provides a method for high-yield year-round cultivation of summer peanuts and winter wheat with double late and double dense planting, comprising the following steps: (1) Summer direct seeding stage of peanuts Select high-yielding, high-density-tolerant, and stress-resistant peanut varieties suitable for summer direct sowing, and sow them after wheat harvest to increase planting density; spray the leaves with a mixture of brassinolide and amino acid ester (DA-6) during the pod-filling stage, and harvest peanuts regularly; (2) Winter wheat stage To match the peanut harvest schedule, delay the winter wheat sowing time, increase the planting density, carry out routine field management after sowing, and harvest the winter wheat regularly.

[0006] Preferably, in step (1), the peanuts are sown in early to mid-June and harvested in mid to late October.

[0007] Preferably, in step (1), the planting density of peanuts is: the number of double-seed hills per mu is controlled at 10,000 to 12,000 hills, and the number of single-seed precision hills per mu is controlled at 16,000 to 18,000 hills.

[0008] Preferably, in step (1), the concentration of brassinolide in the mixture is 0.05 mg / mL and the concentration of amino acid ester is 15 mg / mL; when using, it should be prepared fresh, and after mixing, sodium lactate accounting for 1.5% of the total mass of the mixture should be added and stirred evenly.

[0009] Preferably, in step (2), the winter wheat is sown from mid to late October.

[0010] Preferably, in step (2), the planting density of winter wheat is controlled at 200,000 to 300,000 seedlings per mu.

[0011] Preferably, in step (2), the winter wheat is harvested in early to mid-June.

[0012] This invention utilizes a year-round high-yield cultivation method for summer peanuts and winter wheat with double late and double dense planting. By optimizing planting density and crop rotation, it can establish a high-quality population and make full use of year-round light, temperature, fertilizer, and water resources to improve crop yield and quality.

[0013] The "double late" mentioned in this invention refers to delaying the harvest time of summer-sown peanuts and the sowing time of winter wheat; the "double dense" refers to increasing the planting density of summer-sown peanuts and winter wheat.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) By controlling the sowing time of summer-sown peanuts and winter wheat, the harvest time of summer-sown peanuts is delayed and closely connected with the sowing time of winter wheat. At the same time, the pesticide spraying is coordinated to effectively extend the growth period of summer-sown peanuts, improve the fullness of pods, and avoid excessive growth, frost damage and diseases caused by early sowing of winter wheat.

[0015] (2) The present invention adopts double-density planting density control, the planting density of peanuts is increased by 10%~20% compared with conventional planting density, and the planting density of winter wheat is increased by 10%~15% compared with conventional planting density, which makes up for the problem of fewer branches and fewer fruits per plant in summer direct-sown peanuts, effectively improves the biomass accumulation per unit area, achieves high yield by constructing high-quality population, and enhances the crop's utilization efficiency of light and temperature resources. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained and described below through specific embodiments.

[0017] The year-round high-yield cultivation method provided by this invention includes the following specific steps: (1) Summer direct seeding stage of peanuts Sowing time: Select high-yielding, dense-planting-tolerant, and stress-resistant suitable summer-sown peanut varieties and sow them immediately after wheat harvest. In the Huang-Huai-Hai region, this is usually in early to mid-June.

[0018] Planting density: The sowing rate per acre is controlled at 10,000-12,000 holes for double-seed sowing and 16,000-18,000 holes for single-seed precision sowing, which is 10%-20% higher than the conventional planting density, in order to enhance the competitiveness of the population.

[0019] Harvest time: The harvest time is delayed until mid-to-late October, about 15 days later than conventional planting, which prolongs the growing period and accumulates more dry matter.

[0020] (2) Winter wheat stage Sowing time: To match the delayed peanut harvest schedule, the sowing time of winter wheat will be postponed to mid-to-late October, which is 7-10 days later than the traditional sowing time. Postponing the sowing time can avoid the risk of seedling elongation or disease caused by sowing too early, while ensuring that winter wheat reaches the appropriate growth stage before winter.

[0021] Planting density: The basic number of seedlings per mu is controlled at 200,000 to 300,000, which is 10% to 15% higher than the conventional planting density. This makes up for the insufficient individual development caused by the delayed sowing time and achieves high yield by improving the competitiveness of the group.

[0022] In some embodiments, during the planting of summer peanuts and winter wheat, field management is carried out in accordance with conventional methods such as fertilization and irrigation.

[0023] Example 1: Data Comparison from the Wenwen Family Farm Experimental Base in Dongping County, Tai'an City, Shandong Province (1) Summer direct seeding stage of peanuts Sowing time: Select the high-yielding, dense-planting tolerant, and stress-resistant summer direct-sown peanut variety Huayu 22, and sow immediately after the wheat harvest on June 7 using the "dry sowing and wet emergence" method.

[0024] Sowing specifications: Ridge cultivation with mulching, ridge spacing 85cm, ridge width 55cm, furrow width 30cm, ridge height 15-20cm. Sow 2 rows on the ridge, row spacing 25-30cm, hole spacing 14cm, 11200 holes per acre, 2 seeds per hole, sowing depth 3-4cm. Cover with mulch after sowing, pressing 3-5cm of soil on top.

[0025] Field Management: When the main stem reaches a height of 28-30cm, apply 30g of paclobutrazol diluted in 30kg of water per acre as a uniform foliar spray. Repeat the spray when the main stem reaches a height of 38-40cm. This prevents diseases such as leaf spot, white mold, and bacterial wilt, as well as pests such as thrips, bollworms, and beet armyworms. On October 3rd, foliar spray with a mixture of 0.05mg / L brassinolide and 15mg / L DA-6 (containing 1.5wt% sodium lactate, at a rate of 30kg per acre) to promote fuller pods. Harvest Time: Delay harvest until October 25th.

[0026] (2) Winter wheat stage Sowing time: To match the delayed peanut harvest schedule, the winter wheat sowing time was postponed to October 28th, with conventional field management adopted, and the wheat was harvested on June 10th.

[0027] Planting density: The basic number of seedlings per acre should be controlled at 250,000.

[0028] Comparative Example 1 (1) Summer direct seeding stage of peanuts Sowing time: Select the high-yielding, dense-planting-tolerant, and stress-resistant peanut variety Huayu 22, and sow on June 10 after the wheat harvest on June 7 and the soil is moistened.

[0029] Sowing specifications: Ridge cultivation with mulch, ridge spacing 90cm, ridge width 50cm, furrow width 40cm, ridge height 10-15cm. Sow 2 rows on the ridge, row spacing 25-30cm, hole spacing 16cm, 9200 holes per acre, 2 seeds per hole, sowing depth 3-4cm. Cover with mulch after sowing, and press 3-5cm of soil on top of the mulch.

[0030] Field management: When the main stem reaches a height of 35cm, apply 30g of paclobutrazol diluted in 30kg of water per acre as a uniform foliar spray. This helps prevent diseases such as leaf spot, white mold, and bacterial wilt, as well as pests such as thrips, bollworms, and beet armyworms. On October 1st, foliar spray with a mixed aqueous solution of 0.05mg / L brassinolide and 15mg / L DA-6 (containing 1.5wt% sodium lactate, with a dosage of 30kg of the aqueous solution per acre) to promote fuller pods.

[0031] Harvest date: October 13.

[0032] (2) Winter wheat stage Sowing time: In accordance with the delayed harvest schedule for peanuts, winter wheat was sown on October 15th, with conventional field management, and harvested on June 10th.

[0033] Planting density: The basic number of seedlings per acre should be controlled at 180,000.

[0034] Example 1 The crops were planted according to the methods provided in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and the final yield was calculated.

[0035] Experimental group: Planted according to the method provided in Example 1, the yield of summer direct-seeded peanuts reached 586.5 kg / mu, the yield of winter wheat reached 610.4 kg / mu, and the total yield was 1197 kg / mu.

[0036] Control group: Using traditional planting methods (Comparative Example 1), the yield of summer direct-seeded peanuts was only 504.7 kg / mu, the yield of winter wheat was 557.3 kg / mu, and the total yield was 1062 kg / mu.

[0037] Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group had a 16.2% increase in peanut yield and a 9.5% increase in wheat yield, with the peanut kernel yield increasing by 4.2 percentage points and the fat content increasing by 2.3 percentage points.

[0038] Example 2 Example 1 was tested in the laboratory using a mixed aqueous solution of 0.05 mg / L brassinolide and 15 mg / L aminoethyl ester (DA-6) containing 1.5 wt% sodium lactate. The Huayu 22 variety, with plump grains and free from pests and diseases, was used as the test variety.

[0039] Experimental group: A mixed aqueous solution of 0.05 mg / L brassinolide and 15 mg / L aminoethyl ester (DA-6) containing 1.5 wt% sodium lactate was used.

[0040] Control group: A mixed aqueous solution of 0.05 mg / L brassinolide and 15 mg / L aminoethyl ester (DA-6) was used.

[0041] Two treatment groups were set up, with three replicates per group and 10 pots per replicate, with 2 peanut seedlings planted in each pot. The same seedling conditions were used: temperature 25℃ / 20℃ (day / night), light intensity 30000 lx, light duration 14 h / d, and air humidity 65%–70%. When the peanut seedlings reached the 3-leaf, 1-heart stage, healthy seedlings of uniform height were selected and transplanted into culture pots, 2 plants per pot. A pesticide spray was applied once at the early pod-setting stage. A small sprayer was used to evenly spray the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves and the base of the stem, ensuring the leaves were moist but not dripping wet, with 20 mL sprayed per pot. After spraying, the plants were kept in an artificial climate chamber, maintaining the same temperature, light, and humidity conditions as the seedling stage. Regular watering was provided to maintain a substrate moisture content of 60%–70%, and no other fertilizers were applied. After the peanuts mature, all the pods from each plant are harvested, impurities are removed, and they are divided into two categories: full pods and empty pods.

[0042] Full pod percentage: The percentage of full pods out of the total number of pods. Formula: Full pod percentage (%) = Number of full pods / Total number of pods × 100%.

[0043] Pod plumpness: Measure the length of the major and minor axes of the plump pods with vernier calipers and calculate the ratio of the longitudinal diameter to the transverse diameter (major axis / minor axis). The smaller the ratio, the plumper the pod.

[0044] The specific statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 The present invention provides a high-yield, year-round cultivation method for summer peanuts and winter wheat with double late and double dense planting. By scientifically adjusting planting density and crop rotation, it achieves efficient utilization of light, temperature, fertilizer, and water resources, significantly improving the yield and quality of year-round crops. This method has broad application prospects and can provide important reference for agricultural production in northern my country and other regions with similar climatic conditions.

Claims

1. A method for high-yield year-round cultivation of summer peanuts and winter wheat with double late and double dense planting, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Summer direct seeding stage of peanuts Select high-yielding, dense-planting-tolerant, and stress-resistant peanut varieties suitable for summer direct sowing, and sow them after wheat harvest to increase planting density; foliar spray with a mixture of brassinolide and amino acid ester (DA-6) during the pod-filling stage, and harvest peanuts regularly; (2) Winter wheat stage To match the peanut harvest schedule, delay the winter wheat sowing time, increase the planting density, carry out routine field management after sowing, and harvest the winter wheat regularly.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), peanuts are sown in early to mid-June and harvested in mid to late October.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step (1), the planting density of peanuts is as follows: the number of double-seed hills per mu is controlled at 10,000 to 12,000 hills, and the number of single-seed precision hills per mu is controlled at 16,000 to 18,000 hills.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, In step (1), the concentration of brassinolide in the mixture is 0.05 mg / mL and the concentration of amino acid ester is 15 mg / mL. When using, it should be prepared fresh for use. After mixing, add sodium lactate accounting for 1.5% of the total mass of the mixture and stir evenly.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the winter wheat is sown from mid to late October.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, In step (2), the planting density of winter wheat is controlled at 200,000 to 300,000 seedlings per mu.

7. The method according to claim 1, 5, or 6, characterized in that, In step (2), the winter wheat is harvested in early to mid-June.

Images