Ecological weever breeding method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of weever breeding, and provides a weever ecological breeding method which comprises three core modules, namely an integrated ecological breeding system construction module, a staged special feed formula design module and a whole-cycle refined breeding management module, and all the modules cooperate to achieve ecological breeding. The integrated system is of a closed-loop circulation type and comprises functional areas such as a breeding main area and a purification area and an auxiliary regulation and control unit. The feed is accurately proportioned according to four key growth periods and is prepared by adopting a low-temperature extrusion process; targeted regulation and control of density, water temperature and the like are carried out for each growth period in management. The perch culture medium can degrade culture wastes, reduce water pollution, improve the survival rate of fish fries and the quality of fish meat, reduce the culture cost, give consideration to ecological benefits and economic benefits, is suitable for large-scale popularization and application, and solves the technical problems of high culture cost, low culture efficiency and environmental pollution of perch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sea bass farming, and more particularly to an ecological method for sea bass farming. Background Technology

[0002] Sea bass, a high-quality economic fish known for its tender flesh and rich nutrition, is highly favored by consumers, leading to a continuous expansion of its aquaculture industry in recent years. However, numerous problems exist in current sea bass farming practices, severely hindering the sustainable development of the industry.

[0003] First, traditional aquaculture methods often employ high-density stocking of fry to maximize yields, leading to the accumulation of uneaten feed, feces, and other organic matter in the water, resulting in eutrophication and water quality deterioration. This manifests as decreased dissolved oxygen levels and excessive concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, negatively impacting the normal growth and development of bass and increasing their susceptibility to various diseases. Second, to combat disease, farmers frequently overuse antibiotics, disinfectants, and other chemical agents. The overuse of these agents disrupts the aquatic microecological balance and leaves residues in the bass meat, posing a health risk to humans and reducing the quality and market competitiveness of the bass.

[0004] Furthermore, current aquaculture methods often employ extensive feeding practices with limited feed formulations, resulting in nutritional imbalances. The amount and frequency of feeding are also poorly controlled, leading to feed waste, increased costs, and further water pollution from uneaten feed. Simultaneously, the poor structural design of aquaculture ponds, lacking effective water circulation and purification systems, prevents dynamic water quality control, further exacerbating the deterioration of the aquaculture environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, to address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes an ecological aquaculture method for sea bass. This method solves the technical problems of high sea bass farming costs, low farming efficiency, and environmental pollution.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An ecological farming method for bass includes three core modules: the construction of an integrated ecological farming system, the design of stage-specific feed formulations, and the whole-cycle refined farming management. These modules work together to achieve ecological farming. The integrated ecological farming system has a closed-loop circular structure, including a main farming area, an aquatic plant purification zone, a natural bait cultivation area, and a microbial purification layer covering the bottom of the main farming area and the bottom layer of the purification zone. Auxiliary control units are embedded in each functional area to form a linkage. The stage-specific feed formulations are precisely set according to four key periods: the fry cultivation period, the adult fish growth period, the fattening period, and the postpartum recovery period. The feed for each stage is prepared by a low-temperature extrusion puffing process with process parameters of puffing temperature 85 - 95 °C and moisture content 8% - 10%. The specific formulations are as follows: The special starter feed for the fry cultivation period contains 40% - 45% imported white fish meal with crude protein ≥ 65%, 22% - 25% low-temperature detoxified soybean meal with crude protein ≥ 45%, 1.5 - 2 g / kg of compound probiotics, Bacillus : Lactobacillus : Yeast = 1:1:0.5, effective viable count ≥ 2000 million CFU / g, and 0.3 - 0.5 g / kg of immunopolysaccharide, β-glucan; The special feed for the adult fish growth period contains 35% - 40% fish meal, 25% - 28% soybean meal, 0.8 - 1 g / kg of compound Chinese herbal medicine extract, Allicin : Sophora flavescens extract : Astragalus polysaccharide : Lonicera japonica extract = 2:3:3:2, purity ≥ 85% for all, and 1 - 1.5 g / kg of compound probiotics, Bacillus : Nitrobacter = 2:1; The special feed for the fattening period contains 42% - 48% fish meal, 8% - 10% Antarctic krill powder, crude protein ≥ 62%, 2% - 3% linseed oil, and 0.1 - 0.2 g / kg of natural pigment astaxanthin; The special feed for the postpartum recovery period contains 50% - 55% fish meal, 12% - 15% whey casein, crude protein ≥ 80%, 1 - 1.5 g / kg of immunoglobulin, and 0.3 - 0.5 g / kg of licorice extract. The whole-cycle refined farming management implements targeted regulation corresponding to the four growth periods, including a stocking density of 120 - 150 tails per cubic meter and a water temperature control of 19 - 21 °C during the fry cultivation period, a stocking density of 50 - 80 tails per cubic meter and a feeding with 20% - 30% natural bait during the adult fish growth period, a stocking density of 30 - 40 tails per cubic meter and a 50% increase in the proportion of natural bait during the fattening period, and a stocking density of 20 - 30 tails per cubic meter and a water change rate regulation of 20% - 25% every 3 days during the postpartum recovery period.

[0007] Furthermore: The integrated ecological farming system includes a main farming area, an aquatic plant purification zone, and a natural bait cultivation area. The water body circulation and material exchange are achieved through circulation pipelines or controllable connecting pipes in each functional area.

[0008] The main aquaculture area is constructed with C30 reinforced concrete, and the inner side of the pool wall is coated with a food-grade nano-impermeable coating. An inclined sludge collection trough is set at the bottom along the direction of the sewage outlet, and an electromagnetic sewage discharge valve is installed at the lowest point of the trough. The electromagnetic sewage discharge valve is linked with the intelligent monitoring system. The main aquaculture area is divided into multiple independent aquaculture compartments by electric gates for batch aquaculture and rotation cleaning.

[0009] The aquatic plant purification belt is arranged in a ring around the perimeter of the main aquaculture area, with a porous concrete carrier at the bottom, with a porosity of 40%-50%. It is planted with reeds, Elodea nuttallii, and Vallisneria natans in a 2:3:5 ratio. Water exchange with the main aquaculture area is achieved through a variable frequency circulation pump, and the exchange pipeline has a built-in filter screen to prevent fish from escaping and feed from being lost.

[0010] The microbial purification layer carrier is a 1:1 mixture of porous volcanic rock and bio-ceramic particles; the microbial community is a mixture of photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria and nitrifying bacteria in a 3:4:3 ratio, with an inoculation amount of 20-30g per square meter, of which the effective viable count of photosynthetic bacteria is ≥1 billion CFU / g, the effective viable count of EM bacteria is ≥500 million CFU / g, and the effective viable count of nitrifying bacteria is ≥300 million CFU / g.

[0011] The natural feed cultivation area is located on the north side of the main aquaculture area and is connected by a two-way controllable connecting pipe equipped with a flow control valve and a density sensor. The bottom of the cultivation area is covered with well-rotted organic fertilizer substrate, which is a mixture of chicken manure, sheep manure and straw in a ratio of 2:1:1, and the composting time is ≥3 months. It is equipped with an aeration device to continuously aerate and maintain dissolved oxygen ≥6.5mg / L, which is used to cultivate brine shrimp, copepods, cladocerans and small planktonic organisms.

[0012] The auxiliary control unit includes a solar aeration device, an electrically adjustable sunshade, a natural water temperature control layer, and an intelligent water quality monitoring terminal. The solar aeration device consists of solar panels, a storage battery, and an aeration disc. The electrically adjustable sunshade uses a steel frame and polycarbonate hollow panels, with an adjustable shading rate of 0-90%. The natural water temperature control layer consists of a polyurethane insulation layer on the outside of the pool wall and PE-RT heat exchange tubes. The intelligent water quality monitoring terminal includes sensors for ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, dissolved oxygen, pH, and suspended solids concentration, with a data acquisition frequency of 10 minutes per cycle.

[0013] The special starter feed for fish fry rearing also includes 16%-18% corn gluten meal, ≥60% crude protein, 6%-8% wheat bran, 3%-5% deep-sea fish oil, ≥30% Omega-3 content, 0.8g / kg multivitamin premix, and 1.2%-1.5% mineral premix, with a feed particle size of 0.1-0.15mm.

[0014] The special feed for adult fish also includes 10%-12% peanut meal, 8%-10% corn flour, 5%-7% wheat bran, 4%-6% fish oil, 0.6g / kg vitamin premix, 1%-1.2% mineral premix, and 0.2-0.3g / kg betaine, with a feed particle size of 1.0-2.0mm.

[0015] The special feed for fattening also includes 18%-22% soybean meal, 10%-12% corn gluten meal, 6%-8% fish oil, 1g / kg of compound vitamins, 1.5%-2% of mineral premix, 0.3-0.5g / kg of L-carnitine, and 0.2-0.3g / kg of tea polyphenols, with a feed particle size of 2.0-3.0mm.

[0016] By adopting the aforementioned technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention utilizes a closed-loop, integrated ecological aquaculture system combined with biological purification technology to effectively degrade aquaculture waste, reduce water pollutant concentrations, decrease aquaculture wastewater discharge, avoid the damage to the aquatic environment caused by chemical agents, and ensure the ecological balance of aquaculture. Stage-specific feeds are precisely matched to the nutritional needs of bass at different growth stages, combined with refined full-cycle control, improving fry survival rates and uniformity of marketable fish size, while also enhancing fish meat quality and reducing aquaculture costs. The application of clean energy devices such as solar aeration reduces energy consumption, and the independent aquaculture grid design allows for batch rotation aquaculture, improving space utilization, reducing human intervention, and facilitating large-scale promotion. Furthermore, the starter feed uses high-purity imported white fishmeal and low-temperature detoxified soybean meal as core protein sources, combined with a specific ratio of Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and β-glucan immunomodulatory polysaccharides. This significantly improves the fry's feeding rate and digestibility, enhances their immunity, reduces mortality during the fry stage, and lays a good foundation for subsequent growth. The low-temperature extrusion process further improves palatability, reduces uneaten feed pollution, and ensures water stability during the fry rearing period. Additionally, the feed contains a compound of traditional Chinese medicine extracts, including allicin, sophora flavescens extract, astragalus polysaccharide, and honeysuckle extract, combined with a Bacillus and nitrifying bacteria probiotic blend. This enhances the adult fish's disease resistance, reduces disease occurrence, and promotes aquatic microecological balance. The rationally proportioned fishmeal, soybean meal, and peanut meal meet the nutritional needs of rapidly growing adult fish, reduce the feed conversion ratio, and improve farming efficiency. Finally, the addition of Antarctic krill meal and flaxseed oil enriches the feed with high-quality protein and unsaturated fatty acids. The addition of astaxanthin, a natural pigment, promotes even fat deposition in sea bass, enhancing the tenderness and nutritional value of the fish meat, while also improving its color and market competitiveness. The synergistic effect of compound vitamins and L-carnitine further optimizes nutrient conversion efficiency and shortens the fattening cycle. Furthermore, the high proportion of fishmeal and whey casein provides ample high-quality protein, which, combined with immunoglobulins and licorice extract, quickly replenishes the energy lost by broodstock after spawning, repairs bodily damage, enhances immunity, and improves the recovery speed and subsequent reproductive performance of the broodstock. The addition of glutamine and compound probiotics ensures the intestinal health of the broodstock and improves nutrient absorption efficiency. Finally, the phased formula precisely matches the physiological needs and nutritional preferences of sea bass at each growth stage, combined with a unified low-temperature extrusion process, achieving efficient utilization of feed nutrients, reducing aquaculture waste emissions, and balancing aquaculture efficiency with environmental protection. This synergistic advantage, combined with full-cycle refined management and an integrated ecological aquaculture system, comprehensively improves the overall benefits of sea bass farming. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0018] This invention provides a method for the ecological farming of sea bass, as detailed below: 1. Construction of an integrated ecological aquaculture system Construct a closed-loop, integrated ecological aquaculture system. This system includes a main aquaculture area, an aquatic plant purification zone, a natural feed cultivation area, and a microbial purification layer covering the bottom of the main aquaculture area and the bottom of the purification zone. An auxiliary control unit is embedded in each functional area to form a linkage. Each functional area realizes water circulation and material exchange through circulation pipes or controllable connecting pipes.

[0019] Main breeding area: Constructed with C30 reinforced concrete, with food-grade nano-impermeable coating on the inner side of the pool wall. An inclined sludge collection trough is set at the bottom along the direction of the sewage outlet, and an electromagnetic sewage discharge valve is installed at the lowest point of the trough. The electromagnetic sewage discharge valve is linked with the intelligent monitoring system. The main breeding area is divided into multiple independent breeding compartments by electric gates for batch breeding and rotation cleaning.

[0020] Aquatic plant purification zone: arranged in a ring around the periphery of the main aquaculture area, with a porous concrete carrier at the bottom, with a porosity of 40%-50%; reeds, Elodea nuttallii, and Vallisneria natans are planted in a 2:3:5 ratio; water exchange with the main aquaculture area is achieved through a variable frequency circulation pump, and the exchange pipeline has a built-in filter screen to prevent fish from escaping and feed from being lost.

[0021] Microbial purification layer: The carrier is a 1:1 mixture of porous volcanic rock and biological ceramic particles; the microbial community is a mixture of photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria and nitrifying bacteria in a 3:4:3 ratio, with an inoculation amount of 20-30g per square meter, of which the effective live bacteria count of photosynthetic bacteria is ≥1 billion CFU / g, the effective live bacteria count of EM bacteria is ≥500 million CFU / g, and the effective live bacteria count of nitrifying bacteria is ≥300 million CFU / g.

[0022] Natural bait cultivation area: Located on the north side of the main aquaculture area, connected by a two-way controllable connecting pipe equipped with a flow control valve and a density sensor; the bottom of the cultivation area is covered with well-rotted organic fertilizer substrate, which is a mixture of chicken manure: sheep manure: straw = 2:1:1, and the decomposition time is ≥3 months; equipped with an aeration device for continuous aeration to maintain dissolved oxygen ≥6.5mg / L, used for cultivating brine shrimp, copepods, cladocerans and small planktonic organisms.

[0023] Auxiliary control unit: includes a solar aeration device, an electrically adjustable sunshade, a natural water temperature control layer, and an intelligent water quality monitoring terminal; the solar aeration device consists of solar panels, energy storage batteries, and aeration discs; the electrically adjustable sunshade uses a steel frame and polycarbonate hollow panels, with an adjustable shading rate of 0-90%; the natural water temperature control layer consists of a polyurethane insulation layer on the outside of the pool wall and PE-RT heat exchange pipes; the intelligent water quality monitoring terminal includes sensors for ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, dissolved oxygen, pH, and suspended solids concentration, with a data acquisition frequency of 10 minutes / time.

[0024] 2. Staged Specialized Feed Formulation Design and Preparation Specialized feed formulas were precisely designed for four key stages of bass growth: fry rearing, adult growth, fattening, and postpartum recovery. Feed for each stage was prepared using a low-temperature extrusion puffing process with the following parameters: puffing temperature 85-95 degrees Celsius and moisture content 8%-10%. The specific formulas and preparation process are as follows: Special starter feed for fish fry rearing: The formula includes 40%-45% imported white fish meal, crude protein ≥65%, 22%-25% low-temperature detoxified soybean meal, crude protein ≥45%, 16%-18% corn gluten meal, crude protein ≥60%, 6%-8% wheat bran, 3%-5% deep-sea fish oil, Omega-3 content ≥30%, 1.5-2g / kg of compound probiotics (Bacillus:Lactobacillus:Yeast = 1:1:0.5, effective live bacteria count ≥2 billion CFU / g), 0.3-0.5g / kg of immunopolysaccharides, β-glucan, 0.8g / kg of multivitamin premix, 1.2%-1.5% of mineral premix, and a feed particle size of 0.1-0.15mm. During preparation, the above raw materials are mixed evenly in the specified proportions, fed into a low-temperature extrusion puffing machine, and the puffing temperature is controlled at 90 degrees Celsius with a moisture content of 9%. After puffing, the mixture is cooled and pulverized to the target particle size.

[0025] Special feed for adult fish during growth period: The formula includes 35%-40% fishmeal, 25%-28% soybean meal, 10%-12% peanut meal, 8%-10% cornmeal, 5%-7% wheat bran, 4%-6% fish oil, 0.8-1g / kg of compound Chinese herbal extract (garlic:sophora flavescens extract:astragalus polysaccharide:honeysuckle extract = 2:3:3:2, all with a purity ≥85%), 1-1.5g / kg of compound probiotics (Bacillus:nitrifying bacteria = 2:1), 0.6g / kg of vitamin premix, 1%-1.2% of mineral premix, 0.2-0.3g / kg of betaine, and a feed particle size of 1.0-2.0mm. The preparation process is the same as that for fish fry rearing feed, adjusting the puffing temperature to 88 degrees Celsius and the moisture content to 8.5%, and grinding to the corresponding particle size.

[0026] Special feed for fattening period: The formula contains 42%-48% fishmeal, 8%-10% Antarctic krill meal, crude protein ≥62%, soybean meal 18%-22%, corn gluten meal 10%-12%, fish oil 6%-8%, flaxseed oil 2%-3%, compound vitamins 1g / kg, mineral premix 1.5%-2%, L-carnitine 0.3-0.5g / kg, tea polyphenols 0.2-0.3g / kg, natural pigment astaxanthin 0.1-0.2g / kg, and feed particle size 2.0-3.0mm. During preparation, the puffing temperature is controlled at 92 degrees Celsius and the moisture content at 9.5% to ensure full retention of nutrients.

[0027] Postpartum recovery period special feed: The formula contains 50%-55% fishmeal, 12%-15% whey casein, ≥80% crude protein, 20%-22% dextrin, 7%-9% fish oil, 1-1.5g / kg immunoglobulin, 0.5-0.8g / kg glutamine, 2g / kg compound probiotics, lactic acid bacteria: bifidobacteria = 1:1, 1.2g / kg vitamin premix, 1.8%-2% mineral premix, 0.3-0.5g / kg licorice extract, and a feed particle size of 1.5-2.0mm. The preparation process is the same as before, but the puffing temperature is adjusted to 85 degrees Celsius and the moisture content to 8% to improve the feed's digestibility.

[0028] 3. Refined aquaculture management throughout the entire life cycle Targeted regulation is implemented for the four growth stages of sea bass, with full-scale water quality monitoring and disease prevention and control primarily using biological agents throughout the process. The specific procedures are as follows: Fry rearing period: Select healthy fry with uniform body length of 2-3cm, intact scales and fins, and no injuries or diseases, and release them into independent cells in the main rearing area at a density of 120-150 fry per cubic meter; control the water temperature at 19-21 degrees Celsius through a natural water temperature regulation layer, with daily fluctuations ≤0.5 degrees Celsius; continuously aerate using a solar aeration device to maintain dissolved oxygen ≥7.5mg / L; and adjust the pH to 7.4-7.8 in real time using an intelligent monitoring terminal; feed the fry with special starter feed four times a day, with the amount of feed being 3%-5% of the fry's body weight, and each feeding lasting 25-30 minutes. Clean up any uneaten feed 40 minutes after feeding. If the amount of uneaten feed exceeds 10% of the feeding amount, reduce the amount of feed for the next feeding; sample and test the growth of the fry every 10 days, and adjust the stocking density according to body length and weight. When the density exceeds 180 fry per square meter, divide the fry into separate cells.

[0029] Adult fish growth period: Open the electric gate of the independent compartment in the main breeding area, merge the breeding space, and adjust the breeding density to 50-80 fish per cubic meter; control the water temperature to 24-26 degrees Celsius, and maintain dissolved oxygen ≥6.5mg / L; adjust the water exchange rate between the aquatic plant purification zone and the main breeding area to 0.8-1.0 cubic meters per hour; supplement with microbial inoculant 15-20g per square meter every 15 days; feed adult fish with special feed for adult growth period 3 times a day, and at the same time, transport 20%-30% of natural feed through a two-way controllable connecting pipe, with the feeding amount being 4%-6% of the fish's body weight, and the feeding time being fixed at 7:00, 14:30, and 19:00; clean the sludge collection tank once a week, and after draining the sludge, replenish with purified breeding water, with the replenishment volume being 10%-15% of the total water volume.

[0030] Fattening period: Adjust the stocking density to 30-40 fish per cubic meter; control the water temperature to 22-24 degrees Celsius; increase the proportion of natural feed to 50%; supplement with vitamin compound preparation at 5g per cubic meter of water daily; feed the fish with special feed for fattening period twice a day, with the amount being 5%-7% of the fish's body weight, and clean up any uneaten feed 30 minutes after feeding; strengthen water quality monitoring and maintain ammonia nitrogen ≤0.15mg / L and nitrite ≤0.02mg / L.

[0031] Postpartum recovery period: After spawning, transfer the broodstock to independent rearing cells in the main aquaculture area, with a density of 20-30 fish per cubic meter; maintain the water temperature at 20-21 degrees Celsius; change the water every 3 days, replacing 20%-25% of the total water volume; feed the broodstock with a special postpartum recovery feed 3 times a day, with a feeding amount of 2%-3% of the broodstock's body weight, and each feeding amount should not exceed the amount the broodstock can consume in 5 minutes; supplement the water with immune-enhancing probiotics at 15g / m³, and extend the daily aeration time to more than 14 hours.

[0032] Comprehensive water quality and disease control: Comprehensive water quality testing is conducted twice monthly, with core indicators controlled as follows: ammonia nitrogen ≤0.2 mg / L, nitrite ≤0.03 mg / L, chemical oxygen demand ≤30 mg / L, dissolved phosphorus ≤0.05 mg / L, total nitrogen ≤1.0 mg / L, and transparency ≥50 cm. Test data is uploaded to the backend system in real time; if standards are exceeded, automatic water exchange, aeration, or wastewater discharge procedures are initiated. Disease control primarily uses biological agents; the use of chemically synthesized agents is prohibited. If necessary, use herbal decoctions for medicated baths: Before stocking fish fry, use a decoction of Sophora flavescens and Lonicera japonica in a 3:2 ratio, diluted at a concentration of 0.3-0.5 g / L, for 20-30 minutes; during the adult fish's growth period, every 45-60 days, use a mixed extract of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide, allicin, and Isatis indigotica extract in a 4:3:3 ratio, diluted at a concentration of 0.2-0.3 g / L, for 30-40 minutes. After the medicated bath, change 50% of the water within 2 hours and supplement with microbial agents at a rate of 15 g per cubic meter.

[0033] The postpartum recovery period special feed also includes 20%-22% dextrin, 7%-9% fish oil, 0.5-0.8g / kg glutamine, 2g / kg compound probiotics, lactic acid bacteria: bifidobacteria = 1:1, 1.2g / kg vitamin premix and 1.8%-2% mineral premix, with a feed particle size of 1.5-2.0mm.

[0034] The full-cycle water quality monitoring specifically involves testing twice a month. The core indicators are controlled as follows: ammonia nitrogen ≤ 0.2 mg / L, nitrite ≤ 0.03 mg / L, chemical oxygen demand ≤ 30 mg / L, dissolved phosphorus ≤ 0.05 mg / L, total nitrogen ≤ 1.0 mg / L, and transparency ≥ 50 cm. The test data is uploaded to the back-end system in real time, and the system automatically initiates water exchange, oxygenation, or sewage discharge procedures when the standards are exceeded.

[0035] The specific methods for disease prevention and control, primarily using biological agents, are as follows: When necessary, use herbal decoctions for bathing. Before stocking fish fry, use a diluted decoction of Sophora flavescens and Lonicera japonica in a ratio of 3:2, at a concentration of 0.3-0.5 g / L, for a bath of 20-30 minutes. During the adult fish's growth period, every 45-60 days, use a mixed extract of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide, allicin, and Isatis indigotica extract in a ratio of 4:3:3, at a concentration of 0.2-0.3 g / L, for a bath of 30-40 minutes. After the bath, change 50% of the water and supplement with microbial agents at a rate of 15 g / m³ within 2 hours.

[0036] Although the invention has been specifically shown and described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes in form and detail may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims, all of which shall be within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological farming of bass, characterized in that: It includes three core modules: the construction of an integrated ecological aquaculture system, the design of phased special feed formulas, and the whole-cycle refined aquaculture management. Each module works together to achieve ecological aquaculture. The integrated ecological aquaculture system is a closed-loop cyclic structure, including the main aquaculture area, the aquatic plant purification zone, the natural bait cultivation area, and the microbial purification layer covering the bottom of the main aquaculture area and the bottom layer of the purification zone. The auxiliary control unit is embedded in each functional area to form a linkage. The phased special feed formulas are precisely set according to four key periods: the fry cultivation period, the adult fish growth period, the fattening period, and the postpartum recovery period. And the feed for each stage is prepared by the low-temperature extrusion puffing process, with the process parameters being a puffing temperature of 85 - 95 °C and a moisture content of 8% - 10%. The specific formulas are as follows: The special starter feed for the fry cultivation period contains 40% - 45% imported white fish meal with a crude protein content of ≥65%, 22% - 25% low-temperature detoxified soybean meal with a crude protein content of ≥45%, 1.5 - 2 g / kg of compound probiotics, Bacillus: Lactobacillus: Yeast = 1:1:0.5, an effective viable count of ≥2 billion CFU / g, and 0.3 - 0.5 g / kg of immunopolysaccharide, β-glucan; The special feed for the adult fish growth period contains 35% - 40% fish meal, 25% - 28% soybean meal, 0.8 - 1 g / kg of compound Chinese herbal medicine extract, Allitridum: Sophora flavescens extract: Astragalus polysaccharide: Lonicera japonica extract = 2:3:3:2, with a purity of ≥85% for all, and 1 - 1.5 g / kg of compound probiotics, Bacillus: Nitrifying bacteria = 2:1; The special feed for the fattening period contains 42% - 48% fish meal, 8% - 10% Antarctic krill powder, a crude protein content of ≥62%, 2% - 3% linseed oil, and 0.1 - 0.2 g / kg of the natural pigment astaxanthin; The special feed for the postpartum recovery period contains 50% - 55% fish meal, 12% - 15% whey casein, a crude protein content of ≥80%, 1 - 1.5 g / kg of immunoglobulin, and 0.3 - 0.5 g / kg of licorice extract; The whole-cycle refined aquaculture management implements targeted regulation corresponding to the four growth periods, including a stocking density of 120 - 150 tails per cubic meter and a water temperature control of 19 - 21 °C during the fry cultivation period, a stocking density of 50 - 80 tails per cubic meter and a feeding with 20% - 30% natural bait during the adult fish growth period, a stocking density of 30 - 40 tails per cubic meter and a 50% increase in the proportion of natural bait during the fattening period, and a stocking density of 20 - 30 tails per cubic meter and a water exchange rate regulation of 20% - 25% every 3 days during the postpartum recovery period.

2. The method for ecological aquaculture of bass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated ecological aquaculture system includes the main aquaculture area, the aquatic plant purification zone, and the natural bait cultivation area. Water circulation and material exchange are achieved in each functional area through circulation pipelines or controllable communication pipes.

3. The method for ecological aquaculture of bass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main aquaculture area is cast with C30 reinforced concrete, and the inner side of the pool wall is coated with a food-grade nano anti-seepage coating. An inclined sewage collection trough is set at the bottom along the direction of the sewage outlet, and an electromagnetic sewage valve is installed at the lowest point of the trough bottom. The electromagnetic sewage valve is linked with the intelligent monitoring system; The main aquaculture area is divided into multiple independent aquaculture grids by electric gates for batch aquaculture and rotational cleaning.

4. The method for ecological aquaculture of bass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The aquatic plant purification belt is arranged in a ring around the perimeter of the main aquaculture area, with a porous concrete carrier at the bottom, with a porosity of 40%-50%. It is planted with reeds, Elodea nuttallii, and Vallisneria natans in a 2:3:5 ratio. Water exchange with the main aquaculture area is achieved through a variable frequency circulation pump, and the exchange pipeline has a built-in filter screen to prevent fish from escaping and feed from being lost.

5. The method for ecological aquaculture of bass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microbial purification layer carrier is a 1:1 mixture of porous volcanic rock and bio-ceramic particles; the microbial community is a mixture of photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria and nitrifying bacteria in a 3:4:3 ratio, with an inoculation amount of 20-30g per square meter, of which the effective viable count of photosynthetic bacteria is ≥1 billion CFU / g, the effective viable count of EM bacteria is ≥500 million CFU / g, and the effective viable count of nitrifying bacteria is ≥300 million CFU / g.

6. The method for ecological aquaculture of bass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The natural feed cultivation area is located on the north side of the main aquaculture area and is connected by a two-way controllable connecting pipe equipped with a flow control valve and a density sensor. The bottom of the cultivation area is covered with well-rotted organic fertilizer substrate, which is a mixture of chicken manure, sheep manure and straw in a ratio of 2:1:1, and the composting time is ≥3 months. It is equipped with an aeration device to continuously aerate and maintain dissolved oxygen ≥6.5mg / L, which is used to cultivate brine shrimp, copepods, cladocerans and small planktonic organisms.

7. The method for ecological aquaculture of bass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The auxiliary control unit includes a solar aeration device, an electrically adjustable sunshade, a natural water temperature control layer, and an intelligent water quality monitoring terminal. The solar aeration device consists of solar panels, a storage battery, and an aeration disc. The electrically adjustable sunshade uses a steel frame and polycarbonate hollow panels, with an adjustable shading rate of 0-90%. The natural water temperature control layer consists of a polyurethane insulation layer on the outside of the pool wall and PE-RT heat exchange tubes. The intelligent water quality monitoring terminal includes sensors for ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, dissolved oxygen, pH, and suspended solids concentration, with a data acquisition frequency of 10 minutes per cycle.

8. The method for ecological aquaculture of bass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special starter feed for fish fry rearing also includes 16%-18% corn gluten meal, ≥60% crude protein, 6%-8% wheat bran, 3%-5% deep-sea fish oil, ≥30% Omega-3 content, 0.8g / kg multivitamin premix, and 1.2%-1.5% mineral premix, with a feed particle size of 0.1-0.15mm.

9. A method for ecological aquaculture of bass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special feed for adult fish also includes 10%-12% peanut meal, 8%-10% corn flour, 5%-7% wheat bran, 4%-6% fish oil, 0.6g / kg vitamin premix, 1%-1.2% mineral premix, and 0.2-0.3g / kg betaine, with a feed particle size of 1.0-2.0mm.

10. A method for ecological aquaculture of bass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special feed for fattening also includes 18%-22% soybean meal, 10%-12% corn gluten meal, 6%-8% fish oil, 1g / kg of compound vitamins, 1.5%-2% of mineral premix, 0.3-0.5g / kg of L-carnitine, and 0.2-0.3g / kg of tea polyphenols, with a feed particle size of 2.0-3.0mm.