Plant source formula of gerbera jamesonii thrip repellent and preparation method of gerbera jamesonii thrip repellent

Abstract

The invention discloses a botanical formula of a gerbera jamesonii thrip repellent and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of botanical pesticides. The formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of tea saponin, 30-35 parts of cynanchum komarovii, 15-20 parts of rangooncreeper fruit, 5-8 parts of menthol, 3-5 parts of wormwood extract, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, ethylene glycol, citric acid or sodium hydroxide and the balance of deionized water, and the proportion of each core component in the optimal formula is accurately optimized. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, slow fire decoction and filtration, concentration, compounding and emulsification, canning and storage and the like, and key process parameters are optimized to guarantee the extraction rate of effective components and product stability. Through the synergistic effect of multiple components, the thrip repellent rate reaches 95.3%-97.8%, the thrip repellent has a remarkable repellent effect on trialeurodes vaporariorum and red spiders, the lasting period is prolonged to 14-18 days, and the thrip repellent is suitable for various flowers and planting scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogeology and water resources investigation and evaluation. Specifically, it relates to a plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Gerberas, as important cut and potted flowers, face threats from various pests during cultivation, including whiteflies, spider mites, and thrips. Thrips, in particular, cause brown spots and deformities in petals by adults and nymphs scraping and sucking sap from flowers and leaves, severely impacting the ornamental value and commercial quality of gerberas. Currently, pest control in gerberas mainly relies on chemical pesticides such as a 2000-fold dilution of 5% acetamiprid. However, long-term use of chemical pesticides has led to increasing pesticide resistance in pests, significantly reducing the effectiveness of control. Furthermore, pesticide residues pollute the soil, water sources, and the flowers themselves, harming the ecological environment and human health.

[0003] To address the drawbacks of chemical pesticides, plant-derived repellents have gradually become a research hotspot due to their advantages such as being environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and free of pesticide residues. An existing technology discloses a plant-derived repellent for gerberas and thrips, composed of 40 parts tea saponin, 40 parts *Ipomoea quamoclit*, and 20 parts *Quisqualis indica*, prepared by soaking in cold water for 1 hour followed by decocting for 80 minutes.

[0004] However, this technology has obvious shortcomings: First, the formula contains only three ingredients and lacks a synergistic effect mechanism, with a repellency rate of only 75%-80%, making it difficult to completely control pests; second, the preparation method uses a traditional boiling process, resulting in insufficient extraction of effective ingredients, and the extraction time is long and energy consumption is high; third, the product has poor stability and a duration of effect of only 5-7 days, requiring frequent spraying; finally, it has a single function, targeting only thrips and cannot control other major pests such as whiteflies and spider mites, increasing the cost of pesticides and the complexity of operation for growers.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent, comprising, by weight: 30-35 parts tea saponin, 30-35 parts leopard vine, 15-20 parts Quisqualis indica, 5-8 parts menthol, 3-5 parts Artemisia argyi extract, 2-3 parts emulsifier, 1-2 parts antifreeze, 0.1-0.3 parts pH adjuster, with the balance being deionized water;

[0008] The emulsifier is polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, the antifreeze is ethylene glycol, and the pH adjuster is citric acid or sodium hydroxide.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optimal formula by weight is: 32 parts tea saponin, 33 parts leopard vine, 18 parts Quisqualis indica, 6 parts menthol, 4 parts Artemisia argyi extract, 2.5 parts polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, 1.5 parts ethylene glycol, 0.2 parts citric acid, and 12.8 parts deionized water.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also discloses a method for preparing a plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step S1: Raw material pretreatment: Pulverize the dried Leopard Vine, Quisqualis indica, and Artemisia argyi to 40-60 mesh, and mix them evenly with tea saponin; Dissolve menthol in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a 50% menthol solution.

[0012] Step S2: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction: Add the mixed raw materials to the extraction tank, add 1.5-2 times the weight of deionized water, and soak for 30-40 minutes;

[0013] Step S3: Simmering and filtration: Transfer the ultrasonically extracted material to a clay pot, bring it to a boil over high heat, then reduce to a simmer and cook for 40-50 minutes, keeping the water level 2-3 cm above the material. Stir the material every 15 minutes.

[0014] Step S4: Concentration and compound emulsification: Place the crude extract in a rotary evaporator and concentrate it to 1 / 3 of its original volume at 60-70℃ and 0.08-0.1MPa to obtain a concentrated solution; after the concentrated solution is cooled to room temperature, add the emulsifier, antifreeze and menthol solution in sequence, and stir at 500-800r / min for 20-30 minutes.

[0015] Step S5: Filling and storage: After filtering and removing impurities, fill the container into a light-proof container and seal it for storage.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the raw material in step S1 is 50 mesh.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic power in step S2 is 250W, the temperature is 55℃, and the extraction time is 35 minutes.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stirring speed in step S4 is 700 r / min and the homogenization pressure is 25 MPa.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after turning on the ultrasonic device, step S2 is performed by setting the power to 200-300W and the temperature to 50-60℃, and ultrasonically extracting for 30-40 minutes, with stirring every 10 minutes during the process.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, after the cooking is completed, the liquid is filtered through an 80-mesh filter while still hot, and the filtrate is collected.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the pH of the system is adjusted to 6.5-7.5 with a pH adjuster, and then transferred to a high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization 2-3 times at a pressure of 20-30 MPa.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filter residue is added to 0.5 times its weight of deionized water and boiled again for 20 minutes. After filtration, the two filtrates are combined to obtain a crude extract.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] This invention utilizes a compound of tea saponin, Leopard vine, Quisqualis indica, menthol, and Artemisia argyi extract to form a synergistic mechanism of repellency, penetration, and broad-spectrum inhibition. The thrips repellency rate reaches 95.3%-97.8%, more than 20% higher than existing plant-derived formulations. Furthermore, the repellency rates against whiteflies and spider mites reach 92.1%-94.5% and 90.8%-93.2%, respectively, achieving simultaneous control of multiple pests. The water-in-oil emulsion is prepared using an emulsification process, resulting in slow release of the active ingredients and a sustained-release period of 14-18 days, more than double that of existing technologies, reducing the number of sprays and lowering labor costs. In addition to gerberas, it can also be used for thrips and whitefly control in roses, lilies, and other flowers, making it suitable for various scenarios such as greenhouses and open-field cultivation, demonstrating strong practicality.

[0025] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0026] In the attached diagram:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0029] This invention achieves highly efficient pest control through a two-dimensional improvement approach: synergistic optimization of the formulation and iterative upgrading of the process.

[0030] In terms of formulation: menthol and artemisia extract have been added to the traditional three-ingredient formula to form a synergistic mechanism of repellency, penetration and broad-spectrum inhibition; emulsifiers, antifreeze and pH adjusters have been added to improve product stability and compatibility.

[0031] At the process level: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction is introduced to improve the yield of active ingredients, a re-boiling step is added to make full use of raw materials, and emulsification and homogenization are used to achieve slow release of active ingredients and extend the duration of efficacy.

[0032] Step S1: Raw material pretreatment

[0033] The core purpose of raw material pretreatment is to break down the cell walls of plant materials and optimize the dissolution efficiency of active ingredients, laying the foundation for subsequent extraction steps. Current technologies do not specify the particle size of the raw materials, making it difficult to release the effective components during extraction; direct addition of menthol easily leads to clumping, affecting dispersion uniformity. Therefore, this step focuses on solving two problems:

[0034] Particle size control: Pulverize the dried Leopard Vine, Quisqualis indica, and Artemisia argyi to 40-60 mesh (50 mesh is optimal). This particle size ensures that the cell walls are fully broken down, while avoiding the difficulty of filtration caused by excessively fine powder, thus balancing extraction efficiency and operational feasibility.

[0035] Menthol pretreatment: Dissolve menthol in anhydrous ethanol and prepare a 50% mass concentration solution. The solubility of ethanol is used to ensure uniform dispersion of menthol, avoiding localized high concentrations or clumping during subsequent compounding, and ensuring synergistic effects with other components.

[0036] The specific steps are as follows: pulverize the dried Leopard Vine, Quisqualis indica, and Artemisia argyi into 40-60 mesh (50 mesh is optimal), and mix them evenly with tea saponin according to the formula ratio; take menthol, dissolve it in anhydrous ethanol and prepare a 50% menthol solution for later use.

[0037] Step S2: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction

[0038] Traditional extraction processes rely solely on soaking and boiling, resulting in slow diffusion of active ingredients and incomplete extraction. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction utilizes the cavitation effect of ultrasound to create and break microbubbles in the liquid, generating localized high temperatures and pressures. This accelerates the rupture of plant cell walls and the dissolution of active ingredients, while simultaneously shortening extraction time and reducing energy consumption. This step requires optimization of ultrasonic parameters and soaking conditions to avoid the decomposition of active ingredients due to improper parameters.

[0039] Liquid-to-material ratio: Add 1.5-2 times the weight of deionized water to ensure that the raw materials are fully wetted and to avoid excessive water volume leading to increased energy consumption in subsequent concentration.

[0040] Ultrasonic parameters: power 200-300W (optimal 250W), temperature 50-60℃ (optimal 55℃), extraction time 30-40 minutes (optimal 35 minutes). This parameter range maximizes the cavitation effect while avoiding the decomposition of heat-sensitive active ingredients (such as volatile oils in Artemisia argyi) caused by high temperatures. Stir once every 10 minutes during the process to ensure that the raw materials and extract are in full contact and avoid incomplete local extraction.

[0041] The specific operation is as follows: add the mixed solid raw materials from step S1 into the extraction tank, add 1.5-2 times the weight of deionized water, and soak for 30-40 minutes; turn on the ultrasonic equipment, set the power to 200-300W and the temperature to 50-60℃, and perform ultrasonic extraction for 30-40 minutes, stirring once every 10 minutes during the process.

[0042] Step S3: Simmering and filtering

[0043] Even after ultrasonic extraction, some active ingredients remain in the raw material. Traditional processes involve only a single decoction, resulting in low raw material utilization. This step utilizes a combination of primary and secondary decoction processes to fully extract the remaining active ingredients, while optimizing the filtration method to ensure the purity of the filtrate.

[0044] Main cooking parameters: After bringing to a boil over high heat, reduce to a simmer and cook for 40-50 minutes, keeping the water level 2-3cm above the material to prevent it from being exposed and burning; stir every 15 minutes to ensure even heating.

[0045] Re-boiling process: Add 0.5 times the weight of deionized water to the filter residue and boil for 20 minutes to extract the residual effective ingredients a second time, thereby increasing the yield of effective ingredients to over 82%.

[0046] Filtration method: Filter while hot using an 80-mesh filter. This utilizes the good fluidity of the filtrate at high temperatures to reduce the adsorption of active ingredients on the filter residue. At the same time, the 80-mesh filter can effectively remove impurities, ensuring smooth subsequent concentration and compounding.

[0047] Specifically, the ultrasonically extracted material and extract are transferred to a clay pot, brought to a boil over high heat, then simmered over low heat for 40-50 minutes, keeping the water level 2-3 cm above the material, and stirred every 15 minutes. After simmering, the material is filtered through an 80-mesh sieve while still hot, and the filtrate is collected. 0.5 times the weight of deionized water is added to the residue, and the mixture is boiled again for 20 minutes and then filtered again. The two filtrates are combined to obtain the crude extract.

[0048] Step S4: Concentration and Compound Emulsification

[0049] Concentration aims to increase the concentration of active ingredients, while compound emulsification is a core step in addressing the poor stability and short duration of effect of existing products.

[0050] Concentration parameters: Concentrate to 1 / 3 of the original volume at 60-70℃ and 0.08-0.1MPa. This temperature and pressure can quickly remove moisture and avoid decomposition of active ingredients. After concentration, the concentration of active ingredients is increased, laying the foundation for extending the duration of effect.

[0051] The compounding sequence is as follows: emulsifier, antifreeze, and menthol solution are added in sequence. The emulsifier (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) can reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water, so that the active ingredients are evenly dispersed in the aqueous phase to form a stable water emulsion. The antifreeze (ethylene glycol) improves the low-temperature stability of the product and is suitable for low-temperature environments in winter greenhouses or open fields. The menthol solution is rapidly dispersed through an ethanol carrier and works synergistically with Artemisia argyi extract to enhance the repellent effect.

[0052] Stirring and homogenization: Stir at 500-800 rpm (700 rpm is optimal) for 20-30 minutes to ensure uniform mixing of components; adjust the pH of the system to 6.5-7.5 with a pH adjuster (citric acid or sodium hydroxide) to suit the acidic or alkaline environment for flower growth and avoid phytotoxicity; transfer to a high-pressure homogenizer and homogenize 2-3 times at a pressure of 20-30 MPa (25 MPa is optimal) to further refine the particle size, allowing the active ingredients to be released slowly and prolonging the duration of effect.

[0053] Specifically, the crude extract is placed in a rotary evaporator and concentrated to 1 / 3 of its original volume at 60-70℃ and 0.08-0.1MPa to obtain a concentrated solution. After the concentrated solution is cooled to room temperature, an emulsifier, an antifreeze agent, and a menthol solution are added sequentially, and the mixture is stirred at 500-800 rpm for 20-30 minutes. The pH of the system is adjusted to 6.5-7.5 with a pH adjuster, and the mixture is then transferred to a high-pressure homogenizer and homogenized 2-3 times at a pressure of 20-30MPa.

[0054] Step S5: Canning and Storage

[0055] The product contains volatile components such as menthol and artemisia oil, and light exposure accelerates the decomposition of the active ingredients. Therefore, the volatilization and degradation issues need to be addressed during storage.

[0056] Packaging options: Canister into a light-proof container to reduce the damage of light to the active ingredients; seal and store to prevent volatilization and ensure product performance stability within the shelf life.

[0057] Specific operations:

[0058] After the compounded emulsified product is filtered again to remove impurities, it is bottled into a light-proof container, sealed, and stored in a cool, dry place.

[0059] This invention achieves three core improvements through a five-step process: raw material pretreatment, ultrasound-assisted extraction, simmering (main simmering + secondary simmering), concentration, compounding and emulsification, and bottling and storage, combined with an optimized formula: ① The yield of active ingredients is increased from 62.5% to over 82%; ② The thrips repellency rate is increased from 78.2% to 95.3%-97.8%, and whitefly and spider mite control functions are added; ③ The effective period is extended from 6 days to 14-18 days, significantly reducing the frequency of spraying and labor costs.

[0060] Experimental Example 1

[0061] Formula (parts by weight)

[0062] Tea saponin 32 parts, Leopard vine 33 parts, Quisqualis indica 18 parts, Menthol 6 parts, Artemisia argyi extract 4 parts, Tween-80 2.5 parts, Ethylene glycol 1.5 parts, Citric acid 0.2 parts, Deionized water 12.8 parts.

[0063] Preparation steps

[0064] Raw material pretreatment: Pulverize dried Leopard Vine, Quisqualis indica, and Artemisia argyi to 50 mesh and mix evenly with tea saponin; dissolve menthol in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a 50% solution; Ultrasonic-assisted extraction: Add 1.8 times the weight of deionized water to the mixed raw materials and soak for 35 minutes; extract for 35 minutes at 250W ultrasonic power and 55℃, stirring once every 10 minutes; Simmering and filtration: Transfer to a clay pot, bring to a boil over high heat, then simmer for 45 minutes, filter through an 80-mesh filter, add 0.5 times the amount of water to the residue and simmer again for 20 minutes, then combine the filtrates; Concentration and compound emulsification: Concentrate to 1 / 3 of the original volume at 65℃ and 0.09MPa; after cooling, add Tween-80, ethylene glycol, and menthol solution, and stir at 700r / min for 25 minutes; adjust the pH to 7.0 with citric acid, and homogenize twice at 25MPa; Bottle and store: after filtration, bottle and store in a light-proof and sealed container.

[0065] Experimental Example 2

[0066] Formula (parts by weight)

[0067] 30 parts tea saponin, 35 parts leopard vine, 15 parts Quisqualis indica, 8 parts menthol, 3 parts Artemisia argyi extract, 2 parts Tween-80, 1 part ethylene glycol, 0.1 parts sodium hydroxide, and 15.9 parts deionized water.

[0068] Preparation steps

[0069] Raw material pretreatment: Grind to 40 mesh, prepare menthol into a 50% ethanol solution; Ultrasonic-assisted extraction: Add 1.5 times the amount of water and soak for 30 minutes; Ultrasonic power 200W, temperature 50℃, extract for 30 minutes; Simmering and filtration: Simmer for 40 minutes, simmer again for 20 minutes, combine the filtrates; Concentration and compound emulsification: Concentrate at 60℃ and 0.08MPa; Add auxiliary agent and stir for 20 minutes, adjust pH to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide, homogenize twice at 20MPa; Bottled storage: Filter and bottled.

[0070] Experimental Example 3

[0071] Formula (parts by weight)

[0072] 35 parts tea saponin, 30 parts Leopard vine, 20 parts Quisqualis indica, 5 parts menthol, 5 parts Artemisia argyi extract, 3 parts Tween-80, 2 parts ethylene glycol, 0.3 parts citric acid, and 19.7 parts deionized water.

[0073] Preparation steps

[0074] Raw material pretreatment: Grind to 60 mesh, prepare menthol into a 50% ethanol solution; Ultrasonic-assisted extraction: Add twice the amount of water and soak for 40 minutes; Ultrasonic power 300W, temperature 60℃, extract for 40 minutes; Simmering and filtration: Simmer for 50 minutes, simmer again for 20 minutes, combine the filtrates; Concentration and compound emulsification: Concentrate at 70℃ and 0.1MPa; Add auxiliary agent and stir for 30 minutes, adjust pH to 7.5 with citric acid, homogenize 3 times at 30MPa; Bottled storage: Filter and bottled.

[0075] Comparative test

[0076] Using existing technology (40 parts tea saponin, 40 parts Leopard Vine, 20 parts Quisqualis indica, soaked for 1 hour + boiled for 80 minutes) as a control example, the performance of the products in Examples 1-3 was tested, and the results are shown below:

[0077] Test Project Comparison Example Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Thrips avoidance rate (24h) 78.2% 97.5% 95.3% 96.8% Whitefly repellency rate (24h) No effect 93.8% 92.1% 94.5% Spider repellency rate (24h) No effect 92.6% 90.8% 93.2% Duration of effectiveness (avoidance rate ≥ 85%) 6 days 17 days 14 days 18 days Yield of active ingredient (%) 62.5% 85.3% 82.1% 87.6% Gerbera herbicide damage No pesticide damage No pesticide damage No pesticide damage No pesticide damage Pesticide residue test (mg / kg) Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected

[0078] As can be clearly seen from the table, the comparative test shows that the product of this invention is significantly superior to the existing technology in terms of core indicators such as repellency rate, duration of effect, and yield of effective ingredients. It also achieves simultaneous control of multiple pests, with no pesticide damage or residues, and is more practical.

Claims

1. A plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent, characterized in that, By weight, it includes: 30-35 parts tea saponin, 30-35 parts Leopard vine, 15-20 parts Quisqualis indica, 5-8 parts menthol, 3-5 parts Artemisia argyi extract, 2-3 parts emulsifier, 1-2 parts antifreeze, 0.1-0.3 parts pH adjuster, and the balance is deionized water. The emulsifier is polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, the antifreeze is ethylene glycol, and the pH adjuster is citric acid or sodium hydroxide.

2. The plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optimal formula by weight is: 32 parts tea saponin, 33 parts Leopard vine, 18 parts Quisqualis indica, 6 parts menthol, 4 parts Artemisia argyi extract, 2.5 parts polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, 1.5 parts ethylene glycol, 0.2 parts citric acid, and 12.8 parts deionized water.

3. A method for preparing a plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent, applied to the plant-derived formulation of the gerbera thrips repellent according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Raw material pretreatment: Pulverize the dried Leopard Vine, Quisqualis indica, and Artemisia argyi to 40-60 mesh, and mix them evenly with tea saponin; Dissolve menthol in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a 50% menthol solution. Step S2: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction: Add the mixed raw materials to the extraction tank, add 1.5-2 times the weight of deionized water, and soak for 30-40 minutes; Step S3: Simmering and filtration: Transfer the ultrasonically extracted material to a clay pot, bring to a boil over high heat, then reduce to a simmer and cook for 40-50 minutes, keeping the water level 2-3 cm above the material. Stir the material every 15 minutes. Step S4: Concentration and compound emulsification: Place the crude extract in a rotary evaporator and concentrate it to 1 / 3 of its original volume at 60-70℃ and 0.08-0.1MPa to obtain a concentrated solution; after the concentrated solution is cooled to room temperature, add the emulsifier, antifreeze and menthol solution in sequence, and stir at 500-800r / min for 20-30 minutes. Step S5: Filling and storage: After filtering and removing impurities, fill the container into a light-proof container and seal it for storage.

4. The method for preparing a plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S1, the raw material is pulverized to a particle size of 50 mesh.

5. The method for preparing a plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, the ultrasonic power is 250W, the temperature is 55℃, and the extraction time is 35 minutes.

6. The method for preparing a plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S4, the stirring speed is 700 r / min and the homogenization pressure is 25 MPa.

7. The method for preparing a plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, after turning on the ultrasonic equipment, set the power to 200-300W and the temperature to 50-60℃, and perform ultrasonic extraction for 30-40 minutes, stirring once every 10 minutes during the process.

8. The method for preparing a plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3, after the cooking is complete, filter the liquid while it is still hot using an 80-mesh filter and collect the filtrate.

9. The method for preparing a plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S4, the pH of the system is adjusted to 6.5-7.5 using a pH adjuster, and then transferred to a high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization 2-3 times at a pressure of 20-30 MPa.

10. The method for preparing a plant-derived formulation of a gerbera thrips repellent according to claim 8, characterized in that, Add 0.5 times its weight of deionized water to the filter residue and boil again for 20 minutes. After filtration, combine the two filtrates to obtain the crude extract.

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