Battery shell, battery and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery shell, a battery and a vehicle. The battery shell comprises a main shell body, a plurality of nicks are arranged on the main shell body, at least two stages of anti-explosion valves are defined by the nicks, the valve opening area of the anti-explosion valve structure after each previous stage of anti-explosion valve is opened is located in the valve opening area of the anti-explosion valve structure after each next stage of anti-explosion valve is opened, and the depths of the nicks defining each stage of anti-explosion valve are gradually reduced. The battery and the vehicle comprise the battery shell, the nick depth of each anti-explosion valve is gradually reduced, so that the valve opening pressure of each anti-explosion valve is gradually increased, meanwhile, the valve opening area of the anti-explosion valve structure is gradually increased, and the compact distribution of the anti-explosion valve structure is realized. The multi-stage explosion-proof valves in the explosion-proof valve structure are opened step by step from low to high to release pressure, so that heat in the battery shell is directionally erupted, the risk of heat spreading is reduced, and the safety of the battery is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle control technology, and more particularly to a battery casing, a battery, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Modern lithium-ion power batteries, especially those designed and developed using high-nickel systems, release heat to the outside of the battery casing through an explosion-proof valve at the bottom of the battery casing when thermal runaway occurs, thus reducing the risk of heat propagation.

[0003] Existing explosion-proof valve structures typically have a single opening port, resulting in a fixed opening area. If the ejection volume during thermal runaway is too large, the increased internal pressure of the battery can cause the battery casing to rupture, leading to undirected heat ejection. Furthermore, due to the limited area at the bottom of the battery casing, if the area or size of a single explosion-proof valve is too large, it will reduce the stability of the explosion-proof valve structure and the structural strength of the battery casing, increasing the risk of thermal propagation within the battery.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an explosion-proof valve structure, battery housing, battery, and electrical equipment to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery casing, battery, and vehicle to achieve a step-by-step valve opening and compact distribution of the explosion-proof valve structure, thereby reducing the risk of thermal propagation of the battery.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The battery housing includes a main housing with multiple grooves forming at least two explosion-proof valves. The opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure after the opening of each preceding explosion-proof valve is located within the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure after the opening of the following explosion-proof valve. The depth of the grooves forming each explosion-proof valve decreases progressively.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution for the above-mentioned explosion-proof valve structure, the grooves forming each stage of the explosion-proof valve include valve opening grooves and flipping grooves. Within the same stage of the explosion-proof valve, the depth of the valve opening groove is greater than the depth of the flipping groove.

[0009] Each explosion-proof valve can be opened along the corresponding opening groove and can be flipped toward the outside of the battery casing along the corresponding flip groove.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution for the aforementioned battery casing, the explosion-proof valve structure includes a primary explosion-proof valve and a secondary explosion-proof valve, wherein the primary explosion-proof valve is connected to the secondary explosion-proof valve, and the secondary explosion-proof valve is connected to the main casing;

[0011] The primary explosion-proof valve has multiple valve opening marks, at least one of the valve opening marks passes through the center point of the valve opening area of ​​the primary explosion-proof valve, and the multiple valve opening marks are connected to form any one of the following shapes: I-shaped, H-shaped, or radial.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution for the aforementioned battery casing, the primary explosion-proof valve is integrally provided with an initiation mark passing through the center point, so that the center point is the initiation point when the primary explosion-proof valve is opened.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution for the aforementioned battery casing, the primary explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the secondary explosion-proof valve along the width direction, and the length of the primary explosion-proof valve is equal to the length of the secondary explosion-proof valve; or, the primary explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the secondary explosion-proof valve along the length direction, and the width of the primary explosion-proof valve is equal to the width of the secondary explosion-proof valve.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution for the aforementioned battery casing, the primary explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the secondary explosion-proof valve along the width direction, and the primary explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the secondary explosion-proof valve along the length direction.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution for the aforementioned battery casing, the explosion-proof valve structure includes at least three explosion-proof valves, and the three adjacent explosion-proof valves are respectively a low-level explosion-proof valve, a medium-level explosion-proof valve, and a high-level explosion-proof valve;

[0016] The low-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve along the width direction, and the length of the low-level explosion-proof valve is equal to the length of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve; the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the high-level explosion-proof valve along the length direction, and the width of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is equal to the width of the high-level explosion-proof valve.

[0017] Alternatively, the low-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve along the length direction, and the width of the low-level explosion-proof valve is equal to the width of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve; the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the high-level explosion-proof valve along the width direction, and the length of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is equal to the length of the high-level explosion-proof valve.

[0018] Alternatively, the low-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve along the width direction, and the low-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve along the length direction; the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the high-level explosion-proof valve along the width direction, and the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the high-level explosion-proof valve along the length direction.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution for the aforementioned battery casing, the bottom of the battery casing is integrally provided with the explosion-proof valve structure, and the maximum opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure accounts for 10% to 90% of the bottom area of ​​the battery casing.

[0020] A battery, comprising a cell and a battery casing, wherein the cell is installed within the battery casing.

[0021] The vehicle includes the aforementioned battery or the aforementioned battery casing.

[0022] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The battery casing proposed in this invention features at least two stages of explosion-proof valves formed by multiple grooves on the main casing. As the groove depth decreases progressively, the opening pressure of each explosion-proof valve increases progressively. Furthermore, the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure following the opening of each preceding stage is located within the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure following the opening of the following stage. This not only increases the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure progressively but also achieves a compact distribution of the explosion-proof valve structure at the bottom of the battery casing. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery, the multi-stage explosion-proof valves in the explosion-proof valve structure open and release pressure progressively from low to high, allowing for directional heat release within the battery casing, reducing the risk of heat propagation, and improving battery safety.

[0024] The battery and vehicle proposed in this invention include the aforementioned battery casing, which not only increases the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure at each stage but also achieves a compact distribution of the explosion-proof valve structure at the bottom of the battery casing. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the multi-stage explosion-proof valves in the explosion-proof valve structure open and release pressure step by step from low to high, allowing the heat inside the battery casing to be released in a directional manner, reducing the risk of heat spread and improving battery safety. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery casing provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first explosion-proof valve structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the first-stage explosion-proof valve structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the secondary explosion-proof valve of the first explosion-proof valve structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-stage explosion-proof valve of the first explosion-proof valve structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second explosion-proof valve structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the third explosion-proof valve structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth explosion-proof valve structure provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth explosion-proof valve structure provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0035] In the picture:

[0036] 100. Battery casing; 10. Primary explosion-proof valve; 20. Secondary explosion-proof valve; 30. Tertiary explosion-proof valve;

[0037] 1. Valve opening marks; 2. Tilting marks; 3. Detonation marks. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0039] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0040] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0041] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment proposes a battery housing 100 for accommodating battery cells (or winding cores). The battery housing 100 includes a main housing and a top cover. The top of the main housing has an opening, and the top cover (or top cover assembly) is disposed to seal the top opening of the main housing to ensure the airtightness of the battery housing 100.

[0044] Existing explosion-proof valve structures typically have a single opening port, resulting in a fixed opening area. If the ejection volume during thermal runaway is too large, the increased internal pressure of the battery can cause the battery casing to rupture, leading to undirected heat ejection. Furthermore, due to the limited area at the bottom of the battery casing, if the area or size of a single explosion-proof valve is too large, it will reduce the stability of the explosion-proof valve structure and the structural strength of the battery casing, increasing the risk of thermal propagation within the battery.

[0045] To solve the above problems, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the explosion-proof valve structure of this embodiment includes at least two stages of explosion-proof valves. Multiple grooves are integrally formed on the main housing, enclosing at least two stages of explosion-proof valves. The opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure after the opening of each preceding stage explosion-proof valve is located within the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure after the opening of the following stage explosion-proof valve. The depth of the grooves enclosing each stage of the explosion-proof valve gradually decreases. By enclosing at least two stages of explosion-proof valves on the main housing (bottom of the battery housing 100) through multiple grooves, the gradually decreasing groove depth results in a progressively increasing opening pressure for each stage of the explosion-proof valve. Simultaneously, the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure after the opening of each preceding stage explosion-proof valve is located within the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure after the opening of the following stage explosion-proof valve. This not only increases the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure progressively but also achieves a compact distribution of the explosion-proof valve structure at the bottom of the battery housing 100. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the multi-stage explosion-proof valves in the explosion-proof valve structure open and release pressure step by step from low to high, allowing the heat inside the battery casing 100 to be released in a directional manner, reducing the risk of heat spread and improving the safety of the battery.

[0046] In this embodiment, the bottom of the battery casing 100 is stamped with grooves of varying depths, and grooves of the same depth form explosion-proof valves of the same grade. Therefore, this does not increase the structural components of the explosion-proof valve structure, thus reducing the cost of the explosion-proof valve structure. Moreover, the higher the grade of the explosion-proof valve, the lower the groove depth, meaning that the opening pressure of the higher grade explosion-proof valve is greater, and the opening area of ​​the higher grade explosion-proof valve is also larger, so that the explosion-proof valve structure can open the valve step by step according to different situations when the battery experiences thermal runaway.

[0047] Furthermore, the grooves surrounding each stage of the explosion-proof valve include an opening groove 1 and a flip groove 2. Within the same stage of the explosion-proof valve, the depth of the opening groove 1 is greater than the depth of the flip groove 2. The depth of the flip groove 2 of the preceding stage explosion-proof valve is greater than the depth of the opening groove 1 of the following stage explosion-proof valve. Each stage of the explosion-proof valve can open along the opening groove 1 of the corresponding stage and flip towards the outside of the battery housing 100 along the flip groove 2 of the corresponding stage. Specifically, when the explosion-proof valve opens, it can separate into at least two valve plates along the opening groove 1 of the corresponding stage, and each valve plate flips towards the outside of the battery housing 100 along the flip groove 2 of the corresponding stage to form a pressure relief port. The heat inside the battery housing 100 is directionally ejected from the pressure relief port to the outside of the battery housing 100 to prevent heat spread. Meanwhile, the valve plate is connected to the adjacent explosion-proof valve or main housing to prevent the valve plate from being ejected to the outside of the battery housing 100 along with the heat, thereby reducing the impurity content during heat ejection and preventing the valve plate from forming debris and other impurities that could damage adjacent batteries, thus further improving the safety of the battery during thermal runaway.

[0048] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the explosion-proof valve structure includes a primary explosion-proof valve 10 and a secondary explosion-proof valve 20. The primary explosion-proof valve 10 is connected to the secondary explosion-proof valve 20, and the secondary explosion-proof valve 20 is connected to the main housing. It should be noted that the secondary explosion-proof valve 20 can be directly connected to the main housing of the battery housing 100, or it can be connected to the main housing through other levels of explosion-proof valves. The primary explosion-proof valve 10 has multiple opening marks 1, at least one of which passes through the center point of the opening area of ​​the primary explosion-proof valve 10, and the multiple opening marks 1 are connected to form an I-shape. In this embodiment, after the primary explosion-proof valve 10 is opened, it forms two symmetrical valve plates, that is, the primary explosion-proof valve 10 opens in a double-door form, which helps to reduce the number and length of the marks on the primary explosion-proof valve 10 and improves the processing efficiency of the primary explosion-proof valve 10.

[0049] Furthermore, the primary explosion-proof valve 10 is integrally provided with an initiation mark 3 passing through the center point, so that the center point is the initiation point when the primary explosion-proof valve 10 is opened. By adding the initiation mark 3 at the center point of the primary explosion-proof valve 10, the valve opening mark 1 at the center point is deepened, and the valve opening pressure required at the center point is reduced, so that the center point serves as the initiation point (initial position of valve opening) of the primary explosion-proof valve 10, thereby guiding the primary explosion-proof valve 10 to separate along the corresponding valve opening mark 1, thereby precisely controlling the valve opening area.

[0050] In one embodiment, the explosion-proof valve structure includes at least three explosion-proof valves, with the three adjacent levels of explosion-proof valves being, sequentially, a low-level explosion-proof valve, a medium-level explosion-proof valve, and a high-level explosion-proof valve. The low-level explosion-proof valve is located at the midpoint of the medium-level explosion-proof valve along its width direction (front-back direction in the figure), and its length is equal to that of the medium-level explosion-proof valve. The medium-level explosion-proof valve is located at the midpoint of the high-level explosion-proof valve along its length direction (left-right direction in the figure), and its width is equal to that of the high-level explosion-proof valve. This arrangement ensures that the explosion-proof valve structure is centered on the first-level explosion-proof valve 10, with other levels of explosion-proof valves alternately arranged along the front-back and left-right directions. This results in a more compact explosion-proof valve structure, preventing excessive size in any single direction and improving the stability of the explosion-proof valve structure and the structural strength of the battery housing 100. In other embodiments, the groove distribution of the explosion-proof valve structure can be rotated by 90° (or any other arbitrary angle) according to the actual dimensions of the explosion-proof valve structure. That is, the low-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position along the length direction of the intermediate explosion-proof valve, and the width of the low-level explosion-proof valve is equal to the width of the intermediate explosion-proof valve; the intermediate explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position along the width direction of the high-level explosion-proof valve, and the length of the intermediate explosion-proof valve is equal to the length of the high-level explosion-proof valve.

[0051] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the explosion-proof valve structure of this embodiment has three parts: a primary explosion-proof valve 10, a secondary explosion-proof valve 20, and a tertiary explosion-proof valve 30. The primary explosion-proof valve 10 has one opening mark 1 extending in the front-to-back direction and passing through its center point, and two opening marks 1 extending in the left-to-right direction. The three opening marks 1 are connected to form an I-shape. The flip mark 2 of the primary explosion-proof valve 10 is located between the primary explosion-proof valve 10 and the tertiary explosion-proof valve 30, i.e. Figure 2 The markings within the dashed box. The detonation marking 3 is a transverse marking extending in the left-right direction. The secondary explosion-proof valve 20 has two valve plates located on the front and rear sides of the primary explosion-proof valve 10. The two valve plates of the secondary explosion-proof valve 20 have two opening markings 1 extending in the front-back direction between themselves and the tertiary explosion-proof valve 30. The valve plates of the secondary explosion-proof valve 20 have a flipping marking 2 extending in the left-right direction between themselves and the main housing. The tertiary explosion-proof valve 30 has two valve plates located on the left and right sides of the secondary explosion-proof valve 20. The two valve plates of the tertiary explosion-proof valve 30 have four opening markings 1 extending in the left-right direction and two flipping markings 2 extending in the front-back direction between themselves and the main housing. The two opening markings 1 and one flipping marking 2 form one valve plate of the tertiary explosion-proof valve 30.

[0052] When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the primary explosion-proof valve 10 separates along the corresponding opening groove 1 to form two valve plates, and the two valve plates flip outwards towards the battery casing 100 along the corresponding flip groove 2 to form a shape similar to... Figure 3 The valve opening structure is shown. As the valve opening pressure inside the battery housing 100 increases, when the primary explosion-proof valve 10 can no longer meet the pressure relief requirements inside the battery housing 100, the secondary explosion-proof valve 20 separates along the corresponding opening groove 1 to form two valve plates, and the two valve plates flip outwards from the battery housing 100 along the corresponding flip groove 2 to form a structure as shown. Figure 4 The valve opening structure shown further enlarges the opening area based on the opening area of ​​the primary explosion-proof valve 10. When the opening pressure inside the battery housing 100 continues to increase, and the secondary explosion-proof valve 20 cannot meet the pressure relief requirements inside the battery housing 100, the tertiary explosion-proof valve 30 separates along the corresponding opening groove 1 to form two valve plates, and the two valve plates flip towards the outside of the battery housing 100 along the corresponding flip groove 2 to form a structure as shown. Figure 5 The valve opening structure shown further increases the valve opening area based on the valve opening area of ​​the first two explosion-proof valves.

[0053] In this embodiment, the valve opening sequence is as follows: primary explosion-proof valve 10, secondary explosion-proof valve 20, and tertiary explosion-proof valve 30. The depth of the flip mark 2 of the primary explosion-proof valve 10 is between the depth of the opening mark 1 of the primary explosion-proof valve 10 and the depth of the opening mark 1 of the secondary explosion-proof valve 20. The depth of the flip mark 2 of the secondary explosion-proof valve 20 is between the depth of the opening mark 1 of the secondary explosion-proof valve 20 and the depth of the opening mark 1 of the tertiary explosion-proof valve 30. Simultaneously, the minimum opening pressure of the primary explosion-proof valve 10 is greater than the gas production pressure throughout the battery's entire lifespan, for example, the gas production pressure throughout the battery's entire lifespan is 0.4 MPa. Considering the precision of the marking process for the explosion-proof valve structure, the opening pressure of the primary explosion-proof valve 10 is preferably between 0.6 MPa and 0.8 MPa, the opening pressure of the secondary explosion-proof valve 20 is preferably between 0.9 MPa and 1.1 MPa, and the opening pressure of the tertiary explosion-proof valve 30 is preferably between 1.2 MPa and 1.4 MPa.

[0054] Since the opening area of ​​the primary explosion-proof valve 10 is included within the opening area of ​​the secondary explosion-proof valve 20, and the opening area of ​​the secondary explosion-proof valve 20 is included within the opening area of ​​the tertiary explosion-proof valve 30, the maximum opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure is the opening area after the tertiary explosion-proof valve 30 is opened. Furthermore, an explosion-proof valve structure is integrally provided at the bottom of the battery housing 100. The maximum opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure accounts for 10% to 90% of the bottom area of ​​the battery housing 100, allowing the explosion-proof valve structure to flexibly adjust its opening area and installation position according to the battery's pressure relief requirements, the mechanical strength of the battery housing 100, and the size differences of different batteries.

[0055] It should be noted that when the battery does not require the opening of the three-stage explosion-proof valve 30, the explosion-proof valve structure can omit the three-stage explosion-proof valve 30, requiring only the one-stage explosion-proof valve 10 and the two-stage explosion-proof valve 20. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the explosion-proof valve structure also includes a secondary explosion-proof valve 20, where multiple opening grooves 1 in the primary explosion-proof valve 10 are connected to form an I-shape. The primary explosion-proof valve 10 is located at the middle position of the secondary explosion-proof valve 20 along its width, and the length of the primary explosion-proof valve 10 is equal to the length of the secondary explosion-proof valve 20. Alternatively, as... Figure 7 As shown, the explosion-proof valve structure with two stages of explosion-proof valves is rotated 90°, and multiple opening grooves 1 in the first-stage explosion-proof valve 10 are connected to form an H-shape. The first-stage explosion-proof valve 10 is located at the middle position along the length direction of the second-stage explosion-proof valve 20, and the width of the first-stage explosion-proof valve 10 is equal to the width of the second-stage explosion-proof valve 20; or, the first-stage explosion-proof valve 10 is located at the middle position along the width direction of the second-stage explosion-proof valve 20, and the first-stage explosion-proof valve 10 is also located at the middle position along the length direction of the second-stage explosion-proof valve 20.

[0056] This embodiment also proposes a battery, which includes the aforementioned battery casing 100 and battery cells, with the battery cells installed within the battery casing 100. The opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure increases progressively, achieving a compact distribution of the explosion-proof valve structure at the bottom of the battery casing 100. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery, the multi-stage explosion-proof valves in the explosion-proof valve structure open progressively from low to high pressure to release pressure, allowing the heat within the battery casing 100 to be directionally released, reducing the risk of heat spread and improving battery safety.

[0057] This embodiment also proposes a vehicle, which includes a vehicle body and the aforementioned battery or battery casing 100. The battery supplies power to the vehicle body to ensure the normal operation of the vehicle. The vehicle described above can be a fuel-powered vehicle or a new energy vehicle, etc., and will not be listed individually here.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] like Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment proposes a battery housing 100, which has a structure that is basically the same as that of the battery housing 100 in Embodiment 1. The main difference is that the explosion-proof valve structure of the battery housing 100 in this embodiment has a primary explosion-proof valve 10 and a secondary explosion-proof valve 20. Multiple opening grooves 1 in the primary explosion-proof valve 10 are connected to form an X-shape (a form of radial shape).

[0060] Specifically, the primary explosion-proof valve 10 has two rotating grooves 2 spaced apart along the front-to-back direction and two rotating grooves 2 spaced apart along the left-to-right direction. The four rotating grooves 2 form a rectangular primary explosion-proof valve 10. The X-shaped valve opening grooves 1 are arranged along the diagonal of the rectangle so that the primary explosion-proof valve 10 forms four triangular valve plates after opening. The secondary explosion-proof valve 20 of this embodiment has the same structure as the tertiary explosion-proof valve 30 in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] This embodiment proposes a battery housing 100, the explosion-proof valve structure of which includes at least three explosion-proof valves. The three adjacent explosion-proof valves are, respectively, a low-level explosion-proof valve, a medium-level explosion-proof valve, and a high-level explosion-proof valve. The low-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the medium-level explosion-proof valve along the width direction and at the middle position of the medium-level explosion-proof valve along the length direction; the medium-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the high-level explosion-proof valve along the width direction and at the middle position of the high-level explosion-proof valve along the length direction.

[0063] like Figure 9As shown, the explosion-proof valve structure has a primary explosion-proof valve 10, a secondary explosion-proof valve 20, and a tertiary explosion-proof valve 30, with the opening grooves 1 of the three explosion-proof valves connected to form an X-shape (one form of radial shape). In other embodiments, the opening grooves 1 of the three explosion-proof valves are connected to form other radial shapes, such as a star shape or a cross shape. The variation law of the groove depth surrounding each level of explosion-proof valve and the valve opening sequence are the same as the explosion-proof valve structure in Embodiment 1. The opening area of ​​each previous level explosion-proof valve is located within the opening area of ​​the next level explosion-proof valve, which not only increases the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure step by step, but also achieves a compact distribution of the explosion-proof valve structure at the bottom of the battery housing 100. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the multi-stage explosion-proof valves in the explosion-proof valve structure open and release pressure step by step from low to high, allowing the heat inside the battery housing 100 to be directionally ejected, reducing the risk of heat spread and improving battery safety.

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment, the three explosion-proof valves of the explosion-proof valve structure increase gradually from the inside out, with the primary explosion-proof valve 10 as the center, so that the groove depth of each explosion-proof valve gradually decreases from the inside out. After each explosion-proof valve is opened, four valve plates are formed, two of which are symmetrically distributed along the front-to-back direction, and the other two are symmetrically distributed along the left-to-right direction. In other embodiments, the explosion-proof valve structure may also have only two explosion-proof valves (primary explosion-proof valve 10 and secondary explosion-proof valve 20) or four or more explosion-proof valves; no specific limitation is made here.

[0065] Furthermore, an initiation mark 3 passing through the center point is integrally provided on the primary explosion-proof valve 10, so that the center point is the initiation point when the primary explosion-proof valve 10 is opened. By adding an X-shaped initiation mark 3 in the area of ​​the center point of the primary explosion-proof valve 10, the valve opening mark 1 at the center point position is further deepened, thereby reducing the valve opening pressure required at the center point. Thus, the center point serves as the initiation point (initial position of valve opening) of the primary explosion-proof valve 10, guiding the primary explosion-proof valve 10 to separate along the corresponding valve opening mark 1, thereby precisely controlling the valve opening area.

[0066] Furthermore, the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery casing, characterized in that, The battery housing (100) includes a main housing, on which a plurality of grooves are provided. The plurality of grooves form at least two levels of explosion-proof valves, and the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure after each preceding explosion-proof valve is opened is located within the opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure after the following explosion-proof valve is opened. The depth of the grooves forming each level of the explosion-proof valve gradually decreases.

2. The battery casing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grooves forming each level of the explosion-proof valve include an opening groove (1) and a flip groove (2). Within the same level of the explosion-proof valve, the depth of the opening groove (1) is greater than the depth of the flip groove (2). Each level of the explosion-proof valve can open along the corresponding level's valve opening groove (1) and can flip outwards toward the battery housing (100) along the corresponding level's flipping groove (2).

3. The battery casing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The explosion-proof valve structure includes a primary explosion-proof valve (10) and a secondary explosion-proof valve (20), wherein the primary explosion-proof valve (10) is connected to the secondary explosion-proof valve (20), and the secondary explosion-proof valve (20) is connected to the main housing; The primary explosion-proof valve (10) has a plurality of valve opening marks (1), at least one of the valve opening marks (1) passes through the center point of the valve opening area of ​​the primary explosion-proof valve (10), and the plurality of valve opening marks (1) are connected to form any one of the following shapes: I-shaped, H-shaped or radial.

4. The battery casing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The primary explosion-proof valve (10) is integrally provided with an initiation mark (3) passing through the center point, so that the center point is the initiation point when the primary explosion-proof valve (10) is opened.

5. The battery casing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The primary explosion-proof valve (10) is located at the middle position of the secondary explosion-proof valve (20) along the width direction, and the length of the primary explosion-proof valve (10) is equal to the length of the secondary explosion-proof valve (20); or, the primary explosion-proof valve (10) is located at the middle position of the secondary explosion-proof valve (20) along the length direction, and the width of the primary explosion-proof valve (10) is equal to the width of the secondary explosion-proof valve (20).

6. The battery casing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The primary explosion-proof valve (10) is located at the middle position of the secondary explosion-proof valve (20) along the width direction, and the primary explosion-proof valve (10) is located at the middle position of the secondary explosion-proof valve (20) along the length direction.

7. The battery casing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The explosion-proof valve structure includes at least three explosion-proof valves, and the three adjacent levels of explosion-proof valves are respectively a low-level explosion-proof valve, a medium-level explosion-proof valve and a high-level explosion-proof valve; The low-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve along the width direction, and the length of the low-level explosion-proof valve is equal to the length of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve; the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the high-level explosion-proof valve along the length direction, and the width of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is equal to the width of the high-level explosion-proof valve. Alternatively, the low-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve along the length direction, and the width of the low-level explosion-proof valve is equal to the width of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve; the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the high-level explosion-proof valve along the width direction, and the length of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is equal to the length of the high-level explosion-proof valve. Alternatively, the low-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve along the width direction, and the low-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve along the length direction; the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the high-level explosion-proof valve along the width direction, and the intermediate-level explosion-proof valve is located at the middle position of the high-level explosion-proof valve along the length direction.

8. The battery casing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The explosion-proof valve structure is integrally provided at the bottom of the battery housing (100), and the maximum opening area of ​​the explosion-proof valve structure accounts for 10% to 90% of the bottom area of ​​the battery housing (100).

9. A battery, characterized in that, It includes a battery cell and a battery housing (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the battery cell is installed in the battery housing (100).

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the battery as described in claim 9 or the battery casing (100) as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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