Method and system for implementing secure data lookup in decentralized system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of sustainability, in particular to the field of sustainable production, end product reuse and end product recovery. The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, systems, decentralized network nodes, end products or components thereof, and computer elements for enabling or for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for the production of output products from one or more input materials by production. The present disclosure further relates to methods, apparatuses, systems, decentralized network nodes and computer elements for enabling or for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical for the processing, such as recovery or reuse, of old output products or parts thereof. The disclosure further relates to an output product associated with an access element generated and provided according to the disclosure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sustainability, and particularly to the fields of sustainable production, end-product reuse, and end-product recycling. This disclosure relates to methods, apparatus, systems, distributed network nodes, and computer elements for enabling or facilitating access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of an output product from one or more input materials. This disclosure further relates to methods, apparatus, systems, distributed network nodes, and computer elements for enabling or facilitating access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing (e.g., recycling or reuse) of older output products or components thereof. This disclosure further relates to an output product associated with an access element generated and provided according to this disclosure. Background Technology

[0002] Reuse or recycling of older end products or components can be challenging due to the substances contained in the (multiple) input materials used to produce the final product or its components. Furthermore, introducing input materials into the chemical value chain is particularly challenging because chemical plants that process input materials (such as recyclables produced from such older end products or their components) are large-scale plants with stringent feedstock specifications. Data on the chemical and / or physical properties critical to production and / or processing (such as reuse or recycling) can be shared securely and in a controlled manner within a decentralized network, allowing data owners to retain ownership of such data. This data becomes available within the decentralized network by registering it in a decentralized registry. Data consumers (such as producers of output products and / or entities that process the produced output products (such as (multiple) recyclers) and entities that perform (multiple) reuse operations) can query the decentralized registry to locate data on the critical chemical and / or physical properties of (multiple) input materials and / or older output products or their components within one or more decentralized registries. When registering data, additional publicly available search fields (such as material names or product names) can be added to identify such input materials, used output products, or components thereof, allowing data consumers to search for known terms. Because material names and / or product names may contain customer names or specific customer specifications, using such publicly available names could reveal supply chain and customer relationship information to third parties, raising antitrust concerns. These concerns can be mitigated by defining access and usage permissions for such additional search fields. However, this hinders reliable access to such data regarding the chemical and / or physical properties critical to the production of output products and / or the processing of used output products or components thereof, thus reducing the feeding of input materials into production and / or the refeeding of used output products or components thereof into reuse or recycling chains, and hindering the construction of circular ecosystems for developing a low-carbon circular economy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] On one hand, a method, particularly a computer-implemented method, is disclosed for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of an output product from one or more input materials, the method comprising the following steps:

[0004] • Collect data related to the production of the output product, wherein the data related to the production includes characteristic data related to the at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the production of the output product;

[0005] • Provide one or more distributed identifiers associated with the output product;

[0006] • Provide a rule set that includes one or more rules configured to transform production-related data based on one or more transformation functions;

[0007] • Transform at least a portion of the collected production-related data based on the provided rule set;

[0008] • Generate access data associated with this feature data;

[0009] • Generate an access element, which includes the one or more distributed identifiers, at least a portion of the transformed data, and access data associated with the characteristic data;

[0010] • Provide the access element to the distributed network so that the feature data can be accessed by one or more data consuming network nodes of the distributed network under the control of the data providing network node associated with the producer of the output product.

[0011] On the other hand, a method, particularly a computer-implemented method, is disclosed for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of an output product from one or more input materials, comprising the following steps:

[0012] • Collect data related to the production of the output product, wherein the data related to the production includes characteristic data related to the at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the production of the output product;

[0013] • Provide one or more distributed identifiers associated with the output product;

[0014] • Provide a rule set that includes one or more rules configured to transform production-related data based on one or more transformation functions;

[0015] • Transform at least a portion of the collected production-related data based on the provided rule set;

[0016] • Generate access data associated with the characteristic data, wherein the access data includes a representation for accessing the characteristic data, which is stored in a database associated with the producer of the output product for access by one or more data consumers.

[0017] • Generate an access element, which includes the one or more distributed identifiers, at least a portion of the transformed data, and access data associated with the characteristic data;

[0018] • Provide this access element to the distributed network so that one or more data consumers can access the feature data under the control of the data providing network node associated with the producer of the output product.

[0019] On the other hand, an apparatus is disclosed for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of an output product from one or more input materials, the apparatus comprising:

[0020] • A data collection interface configured to collect data related to the production of the output product, wherein the production-related data includes characteristic data related to the at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the production of the output product;

[0021] • An identifier providing interface configured to provide one or more distributed identifiers associated with the output product;

[0022] • A rule-providing interface configured to provide a rule set comprising one or more rules configured to transform production-related data based on one or more transformation functions;

[0023] • A data transformer configured to transform at least a portion of the collected production-related data based on a provided set of rules;

[0024] • Access data generator, which is configured to generate access data associated with the feature data;

[0025] • Access element generator, configured to generate access elements including the one or more distributed identifiers, at least a portion of the transformed data, and access data associated with the feature data;

[0026] • A distributed network interface configured to provide the access element to a distributed network for access to the feature data by one or more data consuming network nodes of the distributed network under the control of a data providing network node associated with the producer of the output product.

[0027] On the other hand, an apparatus is disclosed for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of an output product from one or more input materials, the apparatus comprising:

[0028] • A data collection interface configured to collect data related to the production of the output product, wherein the production-related data includes characteristic data related to the at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the production of the output product;

[0029] • An identifier providing interface configured to provide one or more distributed identifiers associated with the output product;

[0030] • A rule-providing interface configured to provide a rule set comprising one or more rules configured to transform production-related data based on one or more transformation functions;

[0031] • A data transformer configured to transform at least a portion of the collected production-related data based on a provided set of rules;

[0032] • Access data generator, configured to generate access data associated with the feature data, wherein the access data includes a representation for accessing the feature data, which is stored in a database associated with the producer of the output product for access by one or more data consumers;

[0033] • Access element generator, configured to generate access elements including the one or more distributed identifiers, at least a portion of the transformed data, and access data associated with the feature data;

[0034] • A distributed network interface configured to provide the access element to a distributed network for access by one or more data consumers under the control of a data-providing network node associated with the producer of the output product.

[0035] On the one hand, a method, particularly a computer-implemented method, is disclosed for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing (particularly reuse or recycling) of old output products or their components, comprising the following steps:

[0036] • In particular, data related to the production of the old output product or its components are collected at each production step associated with the output product or its components, wherein the production-related data includes characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the processing of the old output product or its components;

[0037] • Provide one or more distributed identifiers associated with the output product or its components;

[0038] • Provide a rule set that includes one or more rules configured to transform production-related data based on one or more transformation functions;

[0039] • Transform at least a portion of the collected production-related data based on the provided rule set;

[0040] • Generate access data associated with this feature data;

[0041] • Generate an access element, which includes the one or more distributed identifiers, at least a portion of the transformed data, and access data associated with the characteristic data;

[0042] • Provide the access element to the distributed network so that the feature data can be accessed by one or more data consuming network nodes of the distributed network under the control of the data providing network node associated with the producer of the old output product or its components.

[0043] On the one hand, a method, particularly a computer-implemented method, is disclosed for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing (particularly reuse or recycling) of old output products or their components, comprising the following steps:

[0044] • In particular, data related to the production of the old output product or its components are collected at each production step associated with the output product or its components, wherein the production-related data includes characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the processing of the old output product or its components;

[0045] • Provide one or more distributed identifiers associated with the output product or its components;

[0046] • Provide a rule set that includes one or more rules configured to transform production-related data based on one or more transformation functions;

[0047] • Transform at least a portion of the collected production-related data based on the provided rule set;

[0048] • Generate access data associated with the characteristic data, wherein the access data includes a representation for accessing the characteristic data, which is stored in a database associated with the producer of the output product or its components for access by one or more data consumers;

[0049] • Generate an access element, which includes the one or more distributed identifiers, at least a portion of the transformed data, and access data associated with the characteristic data;

[0050] • Provide the access element to the distributed network so that the characteristic data can be accessed by one or more data consumers under the control of the data-providing network node associated with the producer of the old output product or its components.

[0051] On the other hand, an apparatus is disclosed for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing (particularly reuse or recycling) of older output products or their components, the apparatus comprising:

[0052] • A data collection interface configured to collect production-related data for the output product or its components, specifically at each production step associated with the output product or its components, wherein the production-related data includes characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing of the old output product or its components;

[0053] • An identifier providing interface configured to provide one or more distributed identifiers associated with the output product or its components;

[0054] • A rule-providing interface configured to provide a rule set comprising one or more rules configured to transform production-related data based on one or more transformation functions;

[0055] • A data transformer configured to transform at least a portion of the collected production-related data based on a provided set of rules;

[0056] • Access data generator, which is configured to generate access data associated with the feature data;

[0057] • Access element generator, configured to generate access elements including the one or more distributed identifiers, at least a portion of the transformed data, and access data associated with the feature data;

[0058] • A distributed network interface configured to provide the access element to a distributed network for access to the feature data by one or more data consuming network nodes of the distributed network under the control of a data providing network node associated with the producer of the output product or its components.

[0059] On the other hand, an apparatus is disclosed for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing (particularly reuse or recycling) of older output products or their components, the apparatus comprising:

[0060] • A data collection interface configured to collect production-related data for the output product or its components, specifically at each production step associated with the output product or its components, wherein the production-related data includes characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing of the old output product or its components;

[0061] • An identifier providing interface configured to provide one or more distributed identifiers associated with the output product or its components;

[0062] • A rule-providing interface configured to provide a rule set comprising one or more rules configured to transform production-related data based on one or more transformation functions;

[0063] • A data transformer configured to transform at least a portion of the collected production-related data based on a provided set of rules;

[0064] • Access data generator, configured to generate access data associated with the characteristic data, wherein the access data includes a representation for accessing the characteristic data, the characteristic data being stored in a database associated with the producer of the output product or its components for access by one or more data consumers;

[0065] • Access element generator, configured to generate access elements including the one or more distributed identifiers, at least a portion of the transformed data, and access data associated with the feature data;

[0066] • A distributed network interface configured to provide the access element to a distributed network for access by one or more data consumers under the control of a data-providing network node associated with the producer of the output product or its components.

[0067] On another front, a method, particularly a computer-implemented method, is disclosed for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of an output product from one or more input materials and / or for processing an old output product or a component thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0068] • Provide data associated with the input material(s) or the old output product or its components.

[0069] • Provide a set of rules that includes one or more rules configured to transform data associated with (multiple) input materials and / or output products based on one or more transformation functions;

[0070] • Generate query data by transforming at least a portion of the provided data based on the provided rule set;

[0071] • Based on the generated query data, one or more decentralized identifiers associated with the (multiple) input materials, the old output product, or its components are collected via a decentralized network.

[0072] • One or more access elements are collected via the distributed network based on the collected distributed identifier(s), wherein the one or more access elements are generated and / or provided according to the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatus disclosed herein.

[0073] • Based on access data associated with and included in the collected access elements, access is requested via the distributed network for at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the production of the output product and / or the processing of the old output product or its components.

[0074] In another aspect, an apparatus is disclosed for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of an output product from one or more input materials and / or for the processing of a used output product or a component thereof, the apparatus comprising:

[0075] • A data provision interface configured to provide data associated with the input material(s) or the legacy output product or its components.

[0076] • A rule-providing interface configured to provide a set of rules comprising one or more rules configured to transform data associated with (multiple) input materials and / or output products based on one or more transformation functions;

[0077] • A query data generator configured to generate query data by transforming at least a portion of the provided data based on a provided set of rules;

[0078] • An identifier providing interface configured to collect one or more decentralized identifiers associated with the input material(s) and / or the legacy output product or its components via a decentralized network based on the generated query data.

[0079] • An access element providing interface configured to provide one or more access elements based on collected distributed identifiers(s), wherein the one or more access elements are generated and / or provided according to the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatus disclosed herein.

[0080] • A distributed network interface configured to request access to characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to the production of the output product and / or the processing of the old output product or its components, based on access data associated with and included in the collected access elements(s).

[0081] On another front, a method for controlling and / or monitoring a process for producing an output product from one or more input materials or for processing a used output product or a component thereof is disclosed, particularly a computer-implemented method, the method comprising the following steps:

[0082] • Provide data associated with the input material(s) or the old output product or its components.

[0083] • Provide a set of rules that includes one or more rules configured to transform data associated with (multiple) input materials and / or the produced output products based on one or more transformation functions;

[0084] • Generate query data by transforming at least a portion of the data associated with the (multiple) input materials or the old output product or its components based on the provided rule set;

[0085] • Based on the generated query data, one or more decentralized identifiers associated with the (multiple) input materials or the old output product or its components are collected via a decentralized network.

[0086] • One or more access elements are collected via the distributed network based on the collected distributed identifier(s), wherein the one or more access elements are generated and / or provided according to the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatus disclosed herein.

[0087] • Based on access data associated with and included in the collected access elements, access is requested via the distributed network to access characteristic data, particularly at each stage of production, related to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to the production of the output product or the processing of the old output product or its components.

[0088] • Control and / or monitor the processes used to produce the output product or to process the old output product or its components based on the accessed characteristic data.

[0089] In another aspect, an apparatus for controlling and / or monitoring a process for producing an output product from one or more input materials or for processing a used output product or a component thereof is disclosed, the apparatus comprising:

[0090] • A data provision interface configured to provide data associated with the input material(s) or the legacy output product or its components.

[0091] • A rule-providing interface configured to provide a rule set comprising one or more rules configured to transform data associated with input materials and / or output products based on one or more transformation functions;

[0092] • A query data generator configured to generate query data by transforming at least a portion of the data associated with the (multiple) input materials or the old output product or its components based on a provided set of rules;

[0093] • An identifier provisioning interface configured to collect one or more decentralized identifiers associated with the input material(s) or the legacy output product or its components via a decentralized network based on the generated query data.

[0094] • An access element providing interface configured to provide one or more access elements based on collected distributed identifiers(s), wherein the one or more access elements are generated and / or provided according to the methods disclosed herein or by the apparatus disclosed herein.

[0095] • A distributed network interface configured to request access to characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to the production of the output product or the processing of the old output product or its components, based on access data associated with and included in the collected access elements(s).

[0096] • A control and / or monitoring interface configured to control and / or monitor the processes used to produce the output product or to process the old output product or its components based on the accessed characteristic data.

[0097] On another front, a production process is disclosed, comprising means for controlling and / or monitoring a process for producing an output product from one or more input materials as disclosed herein, and at least one production unit configured to produce an output product from one or more input materials.

[0098] In another aspect, a sorting system is disclosed, comprising means for controlling and / or monitoring processes for processing used output products or components thereof as disclosed herein, and sorting means configured to sort used output products or components thereof into at least one waste category.

[0099] In another aspect, a refurbishment system is disclosed, comprising means for controlling and / or monitoring processes for processing old output products or components thereof as disclosed herein, and refurbishment means configured to perform one or more refurbishment steps to refurbish the final output product or components thereof.

[0100] On the other hand, a distributed network node is disclosed, which is configured to provide access to elements according to the methods disclosed herein.

[0101] On another front, a distributed network node is disclosed, which is configured to access characteristic data according to the method disclosed herein.

[0102] On the other hand, an output product is disclosed that is associated with an access element generated and provided according to the method or apparatus disclosed herein.

[0103] In another aspect, a computer element, particularly a computer program product or computer-readable medium, having instructions is disclosed, which, when executed on one or more computing nodes, is configured to perform the steps of any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0104] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to a computer element having instructions that, when executed on one or more computing nodes, is configured to perform the steps of the methods(s) disclosed herein or to be performed by the means(s) disclosed herein.

[0105] Any disclosures, embodiments, and examples described herein relate to the methods, apparatuses, products, systems, distributed network nodes, output products, or components thereof, as well as computer elements, listed above and below. Advantageously, the benefits provided by any embodiment and example also apply to all other embodiments and examples. Example

[0106] Embodiments of this disclosure will be outlined below through examples and / or embodiments. It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the embodiments and / or examples described.

[0107] To avoid damage to production units, sharing data is crucial for identifying the chemical and / or physical properties of the (multiple) input materials critical to production (e.g., properties that negatively impact the production process of (multiple) output products from such input materials). Similarly, to enable or improve the processing (e.g., reuse or recycling) of older output products or their components (e.g., older end products or components of such older end products), sharing data to monitor the chemical and / or physical properties critical to this processing (e.g., properties that negatively impact (multiple) processing operations) is essential. While such data can be shared in a controlled manner within a distributed network, data security implemented via access permissions within a distributed network may hinder entities producing output products and / or processing older output products from accessing this data.

[0108] By transforming readily available but sensitive data, such as input material names and / or output product names, including customer names, customer specifications (multiple), one or more material or product characteristics, or manufacturer names, this transformed data can remain publicly available within a decentralized network because it no longer reveals any sensitive information. Therefore, this transformed data can be used within a decentralized registry to provide additional search terms beyond decentralized identifiers (which may not be known to all participants in the product ecosystem, especially entities processing older output products), without having to implement complex access restrictions.

[0109] By transforming readily available but sensitive data, access permissions are no longer required to prevent the leakage of sensitive data to unauthorized participants in the decentralized network. Therefore, locating characteristic data stored within the decentralized network that relates to the chemical and / or physical properties critical to the production of output products and / or the processing of older output products may no longer be hindered by a lack of access permissions to the decentralized registry storing such data or access elements pointing to such data. Thus, querying the decentralized registry using the transformed data enables reliable location of characteristic data and requests for access to the associated data provider.

[0110] By transforming readily available but sensitive data, access to a decentralized registry of access elements that store digital twins pointing to the output product or a portion thereof (such as characteristic data) can remain unrestricted. This allows reliable access to characteristic data related to the chemical and / or physical properties critical to the production of the output product and / or the processing of older output products, while preventing sensitive data from becoming publicly available through unrestricted access to such a decentralized registry. This ensures that characteristic data related to the chemical and / or physical properties critical to the production of the output product and / or the processing of older output products can be reliably identified by the entities producing such output products and / or performing such processing operations (particularly multiple recycling operations and / or multiple reuse operations), thus allowing the use of such data to improve production and / or processing. For example, such characteristic data can be used to improve production volume and plant downtime associated with the production of the output product, and / or reuse or recycling rates, the quality of recyclables or output products generated from reuse operations.

[0111] By controlling access to characteristic data by data owners (such as producers of output products), characteristic data can be exchanged reliably and securely in a decentralized manner. This allows for more flexible sharing and exchange of characteristic data, enabling multiple data consumption services from different participants in the chemical supply chain to access it. By making data related to substances critical to the production of the output product (e.g., compositional data of the input materials used to produce the output product) accessible to multiple data consumers via access elements at each stage of production, more efficient and reliable production can be ensured through reliable but controlled access to this data. Similarly, by making data related to substances critical to the processing (particularly reuse or recycling) of older output products or their components accessible to multiple data consumers via access elements at each stage of production, more efficient and reliable processing can be ensured through reliable but controlled access to this data.

[0112] Various units, entities, nodes, or other computing components can be described as being "configured to" perform one or more tasks. "Configured to" should be interpreted as meaning "having a circuit system that performs one or more tasks during operation." Units, circuits, entities, nodes, or other computing components can be configured to perform tasks even when the unit / circuit / component is not operational. Units, circuits, entities, nodes, or other computing components forming the structure corresponding to "configured to" may include hardware circuitry and / or memory storing executable program instructions to perform the operation. For convenience in the description, units, circuits, entities, nodes, or other computing components can be described as performing one or more tasks. This description should be interpreted as including the phrase "configured to."

[0113] Generally, the methods, apparatuses, systems, computer elements, nodes, or other computing components described herein may include memory, software components, and hardware components. Memory may include volatile memory (such as static or dynamic random access memory) and / or non-volatile memory (such as optical or magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory, programmable read-only memory, etc.). Hardware components may include any combination of the following: combinational logic circuit systems, clock storage devices (such as flip-flops, registers, latches, etc.), finite state machines, memory (such as static random access memory or embedded dynamic random access memory), custom-designed circuit systems, programmable logic arrays, etc.

[0114] This enables access to data that relates to or encompasses at least one chemical and / or physical property. For example, an access element may allow searching for and finding such data, such as by querying the access element using generated query data. Multiple access elements matching the query data may be provided, and access to at least one chemical and / or physical property can be achieved based on the data contained within the access elements.

[0115] Chemical properties can be characteristics of an output product, a former output product, or a component thereof that become apparent during or after a chemical reaction. Therefore, chemical properties can be any quality that can only be established by altering the chemical identity of the output product, a former output product, or a component thereof. Examples of chemical properties include heat of combustion, enthalpy of formation, toxicity, chemical stability in a given environment, flammability, (multiple) oxidation states, corrosiveness, combustibility, acidity and alkalinity, chemical composition, the amount of recyclables used in the production or manufacture of the product, the amount of bio-based components used in the production or manufacture of the product, the amount of recyclable components used in the production or manufacture of the product, and / or pH value.

[0116] Physical properties can be any measurable characteristic of an output product, a used output product, or a component thereof. Therefore, the value of a physical property describes the state of the output product, a used output product, or a component thereof. Examples of physical properties include absorption, brittleness, boiling point, capacitance, color, concentration, density, ductility, distribution, efficacy, elasticity, charge, conductivity, electrical impedance, potential, flow rate, fluidity, hardness, heat capacity, inductance, intrinsic impedance, brightness, luminosity, gloss, mass, melting point, opacity, permeability, permittivity, plasticity, pressure, emissivity, resistivity, reflectivity, refractive index, solubility, specific heat, strength, stiffness, temperature, tensile strength, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, viscosity, volumetric properties, and / or ripple impedance.

[0117] The at least one chemical and / or physical property can be a measured chemical and / or physical property. The measured at least one physical and / or chemical property can be obtained by a sensor configured to measure such property. The sensor can be included in a measuring device. The sensor can correspond to a measuring device. For example, the physical and / or chemical property can include properties provided by a sensor of a mobile device (such as a camera) or a measuring device configured to measure at least one physical and / or chemical property.

[0118] At least one chemical and / or physical property can be determined based on collected data associated with the output product, a used output product or a component thereof, and / or the use of the output product or a component thereof. Data associated with the output product can be collected before, during, and / or after the production of the output product. The collected data can be used to determine at least one physical and / or chemical property of the produced output product. For example, at least one physical and / or chemical property can be determined based on sensor data. Data associated with the use of the output product or a component thereof can be collected via at least one identifier associated with the output product or a component thereof. This data can be collected during and / or after the use of the output product or a component thereof. The collected data may include at least one measured physical and / or chemical property of a used output product or a component thereof. The measured physical and / or chemical properties may include the previously described chemical and / or physical properties. Data can be collected using a suitable sensor configured to measure the chemical and / or physical properties. Sensor data can be correlated with the identifier associated with the output product or a component thereof. The chemical and / or physical properties determined based on the sensor data can be correlated with the identifier associated with the output product or a component thereof. The identifier may be a product identifier. The identifier may be a distributed digital twin identifier. Distributed digital twin identifiers can be linked to (multiple) other distributed product identifiers based on the physical relationships between the output product entity or component entity and other physical entities (e.g., those entities produced using or from the output product). The linking of distributed digital twin identifiers to (multiple) other distributed product identifiers allows for the identification of (multiple) distributed participant nodes that store collected data associated with the use of the output product or its components, or identified physical and / or chemical properties. The collected data and / or identified chemical and / or physical properties can be provided by the (multiple) distributed participant nodes and can be stored within the digital twin of the output product, final product, or its components.

[0119] Chemical and / or physical properties critical to the production of the output product (e.g., critical properties for production) can include the chemical and / or physical properties of the input materials used to produce the output product. The input materials used to produce the output product can refer to the input materials used in at least one production step of the output product production. Output product production can include one or more production steps. At least one chemical property can include a substance critical to production. Such a substance may be included in the input materials due to the use of production inputs containing such a substance. Critical properties for production can negatively affect the quality of the output product produced through this production process. Critical properties for production can negatively affect the production plants processing the input materials, for example, potentially leading to higher maintenance frequency and / or longer downtime. Critical properties for production can be related to the production process. Critical properties for production can be related to the chemical and / or physical properties of the output product. Critical properties for production can be related to both the production process and the chemical and / or physical properties of the output product. Critical properties for production can include properties of the input materials specific to one or more production processes. Key characteristics for production can be related to chemical, thermal, or physical production processes. Key characteristics for production can be related to specific production processes. Specific production processes may include steam cracking processes. Specific production processes may include mixing processes. Key chemical characteristics may include substances such as sulfur, halogens, oxygen, phosphorus, metals, and inorganic substances such as aluminum, antimony, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, lead, silicon, titanium, zinc, arsenic, mercury, nickel, vanadium, or combinations thereof.

[0120] Chemical and / or physical characteristics critical to processing may include chemical and / or physical characteristics critical to recycling (e.g., key characteristics for recycling) and / or chemical and / or physical characteristics critical to reuse (key characteristics for reuse). Key characteristics for recycling and / or reuse may include the chemical and / or physical characteristics of the old output product or its components. At least one chemical characteristic may include substances critical to recycling and / or reuse, which may be included in the old output product or its components. Substances critical to recycling and / or reuse may be included in the old output product or its components due to the use of production input(s) containing such key substances. Key characteristics for recycling may negatively affect the quality of the recyclables produced by the recycling process. Key characteristics for recycling may negatively affect one or more process steps of the recycling process. Key characteristics for recycling may negatively affect the plant(s) used to perform the recycling process (e.g., the plant(s) used to perform one or more steps of the recycling process). Key characteristics for recycling may be related to the recycling process. Key characteristics for recycling may be related to the use of the recyclables. Key characteristics for recycling can be related to the recycling process and the use of the recycled materials. Key characteristics for recycling can include characteristics specific to one or more recycling processes. Key characteristics for recycling can be related to chemical, thermal, or physical recycling processes. Key characteristics for recycling can be related to specific chemical recycling processes. Specific recycling processes can include specific recycling processes for recycling plastic materials, such as recycling processes for producing hydrocarbon recyclables, chemical recycling processes for producing mixtures of recyclables comprising at least hydrogen and carbon monoxide, chemical recycling processes for producing monomer recyclables, or solvent-based recycling processes for producing polymer recyclables. Specific recycling processes can include specific recycling processes for recycling batteries or portions thereof, such as physical processes for producing black powder and / or chemical processes for extracting metals or metal salts from such black powder. Key characteristics for recycling can include characteristics specific to one or more uses of the recyclables produced by the recycling process. Key characteristics for recycling can be related to chemical recycling processes for producing recyclables for petrochemical processes. Petrochemical processes can include at least one process configured to at least partially decompose saturated hydrocarbons into unsaturated hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon recyclables can be produced by pyrolysis. Key characteristics for recycling may include substances such as sulfur, halogens, oxygen, phosphorus, metals, and inorganic substances such as aluminum, antimony, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, lead, silicon, titanium, zinc, arsenic, mercury, nickel, vanadium, or combinations thereof.

[0121] Critical characteristics for reuse can negatively impact the quality of the output products generated from the reuse process. Critical characteristics for reuse can be related to the reuse process itself. Critical characteristics for reuse can be related to both the reuse process and the use of the output products generated from it. Critical characteristics for reuse can include substances specific to one or more reuse processes. Critical characteristics for reuse can be related to refurbishment, refilling, remanufacturing, or repurposing processes.

[0122] Output products can be any product produced from one or more input materials through a production process. An output product produced by one entity in a production chain can be used as a production input by downstream participants in that production chain to produce additional (multiple) output products. Output products can be produced through production involving one or more production steps. Output products can be produced by an output product producer. Output products can be chemical products. Output products can be chemical intermediates. Output products can be components or parts. Output products can be component assemblies. Output products can be final products. Output products can be produced from one or more components and / or component assemblies. Final outputs can be produced from one or more chemical products. Output products can be the physical entity of the output products produced. Output products can be used by output product users (e.g., consumers or customers). Output products can be used throughout their entire lifecycle. Using output products can generate older output products.

[0123] An old output product can be an old final product. An old final product can be a scrapped product. A component of an old output product can be a component of an old final product. A component of an old final product can be a component of a scrapped product. For example, if the output product is a final product, then the output product can correspond to an old output product.

[0124] A component can refer to a discrete part, a chemical product, or an intermediate chemical product. A discrete part can be a component or a component assembly. A component can be produced from one or more input materials. (Multiple) input materials can be one or more chemical products. (Multiple) input materials can be one or more chemical intermediates. A component can be the physical entity of the component that is produced. A component can be used to produce an output product; for example, a component can be included in an output product. Used components can be produced (e.g., by using an output product that includes components). Components can be obtained from an output product by disassembling the output product.

[0125] Output products can be produced by the producer of the output products. The producer of the output products can be an entity operating the production process for producing the output products. Components can be used to produce output products. The producer of components can be an entity operating the production process for producing components. Components can be used to produce output products. The producer of old output products can be an entity operating the production process for producing output products associated with or related to the old output products. The produced output products can, for example, be used by output product users to produce old output products.

[0126] Output products, used output products, or components thereof may be associated with data related to the production of the output products, used output products, or components thereof. Production-related data may involve digital twins of the output products, used output products, or components thereof. Digital twins may include production-related data. Digital twins may include characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the production of the output product and / or critical to the processing (particularly reuse or recycling) of the used output product or components thereof.

[0127] Processing of used output products or components thereof may include recycling. Recycling can refer to any recycling operation through which obsolete (or discarded) output products (e.g., any old output products discarded, intended to be discarded, or required to be discarded by the holder) are reprocessed into products, materials, or substances, whether for the original purpose or otherwise. Recycling may include the step of collecting obsolete output products. Recycling may include the step of sorting obsolete output products or collected obsolete output products. Recycling may include the steps of collecting obsolete output products and sorting obsolete output products. Recycling may include the reprocessing of organic materials. Recycling of obsolete output products may be performed on disposable output products (e.g., non-reusable output products).

[0128] Processing of used output products or components thereof may include reuse. Reuse can refer to any operation that reuses a reusable output product for the same intended purpose (e.g., reuse, refurbishment, refilling, repair). For example, an old output product intended to contain a liquid or solid product can be reused for the same purpose, such as reuse to contain a liquid or solid product. Reuse can also refer to any operation that reuses a reusable output product for a different intended purpose (e.g., repurposing, remanufacturing). Reuse may include, for example, preparing a reusable output product for reuse by performing inspection, cleaning, or repair operations. Reuse may include the step of collecting old output products. Reuse may include the step of sorting old output products or collected old output products. Reuse may include the steps of collecting old output products and sorting old output products.

[0129] Data related to the production of the output product, the used output product, or its components may be collected by the producer of the output product, the used output product, or its components during the production stages of the output product, the used output product, or its components. Data related to the production of the output product, the used output product, or its components may be collected in connection with the production of the output product, the used output product, or its components. Production-related data may be collected before, during, or after the production of the output product, the used output product, or its components. Production-related data may be collected at each stage of the production of the output product or the used output product. The production stages of the used output product may include the production stages of its components. Production stages may include any production step in the production chain of the output product. The production chain may include one or more stages necessary for the production of the output product or the used output product from one or more production inputs. For example, the production chain associated with the output product as a final product may include one or more stages necessary for the production of the final product from one or more production inputs. Such production inputs(s) may include components.

[0130] Identifier elements can be associated with or connected to an output product or its component. At least during the production of the output product or its component, identifier elements can be associated with or connected to it. Digital twins of output products or components can be accessed via distributed networks through identifier elements. Identifier elements can be uniquely associated with an output product or its component. Identifier elements can be uniquely associated with a digital output product or component identifier. Identifier elements can encode digital output product or component identifiers. Digital output product or component identifiers can be uniquely associated with output products or components. In this way, characteristic data can be provided for each output product / component or for individual output products / components.

[0131] Numerical identifiers (e.g., digital output product identifiers or digital component identifiers) can be associated with one or more decentralized identifiers that are uniquely associated with the output product or its component. Numerical identifiers may include one or more decentralized identifiers that are uniquely associated with the output product or its component. The decentralized identifiers (multiple) can each represent a digital twin of a physical entity of the output product or its component. Decentralized identifiers can be digital identifiers for a decentralized network or digital identifiers used in a decentralized network. Decentralized identifiers can be digital identifiers provided to the decentralized network and the participating nodes of the decentralized network. Therefore, decentralized identifiers can each represent a physical entity of an output product or its component in a decentralized network, and participating nodes can interpret the relationship between the decentralized identifier and the physical entity of the output product or its component in the material chain.

[0132] Decentralized identifiers can include any unique identifier that is uniquely associated with the producer of the output product or its component and the corresponding output product or its component. Decentralized identifiers can include one or more Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) or one or more Digital Identifiers (DIDs). Decentralized identifiers can be issued by centralized or decentralized identity issuing authorities. Decentralized identifiers can include authentication information. Through the decentralized identifier and its unique association with the producer of the output product or its component and the output product or its component, the producer of the output product or its component can control access to characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to production and / or processing. This contrasts with a centralized agency scheme, in which identifiers are provided by such a centralized agency and access to data is controlled by such a centralized agency. In this context, decentralized means that the use of identifiers is controlled by the data owner (e.g., the producer of the output product, a previous output product, or its component). The data owner can refer to the owner of the characteristic data. The data owner can correspond to or be associated with the entity that produces the output product or its component. The data owner can correspond to or be associated with the entity that produces the production inputs (e.g., chemical products) used to produce the output product or component or the final product. Characteristic data can be stored in dedicated storage devices or databases associated with or accessible to the data owner. Characteristic data can be stored in a database for access by data consumers. Characteristic data can be stored in a database for access by data consumers via distributed data consumption network nodes associated with such data consumers. Access to the database can be controlled by the data owner. Access to the database can be controlled by the data owner via data services associated with the data owner. Product data can be stored in the data owner's database or under the data owner's control.

[0133] Distributed identifiers can include one or more identifiers used in a distributed network and allowing data exchange via the distributed network. Data exchange can include distributed identifiers for discovering network nodes in the distributed network, authenticating network nodes in the distributed network, and / or authorizing data transmission via peer-to-peer communication between network nodes in the distributed network. Distributed identifiers can be associated with participants in a material chain (particularly a material cycle), including chemical product producers, intermediate chemical producers, intermediate part producers, component producers, component assembly producers, final product producers, used final product collectors, used final product sorters, used final product recyclers, and / or used final product recyclers. Chemical product producers, intermediate chemical producers, intermediate part producers, component producers, component assembly producers, and / or final product users can be considered product users. Distributed identifiers can be associated with material entities in a material chain (particularly a material cycle), including (multiple) chemical products, (multiple) intermediate chemical products, (multiple) intermediate parts, (multiple) components, component assemblies, and / or final products.

[0134] Output products, legacy output products, or components thereof can be associated with access elements via distributed identifiers, each associated with a separate output product, legacy output product, or component thereof. Access elements can include transformed data, access data, and at least a portion of one or more distributed identifiers associated with the access element. Access data can be associated with feature data. Access data associated with feature data can be provided to the distributed network. Access data associated with feature data can be provided by a distributed network node associated with or related to a dedicated storage device belonging to the data owner of the feature data. Access data can include a representation for accessing feature data. Access data can include a locator or pointer, such as a URL or URI, pointing to a dedicated storage device (e.g., a dedicated storage address) associated with the data owner of the feature data. The pointer or locator can directly point to the dedicated storage device. The pointer or locator can point to a data-providing network node associated with the dedicated storage device. This improves data security because the dedicated storage address is not published to other participants in the distributed network, thus avoiding the risk of direct access to the dedicated storage device without access control via the distributed data-providing network node. Access data can include one or more numerical links pointing to production-related data, such as characteristic data. Access elements can allow recursive access to production-related data for each production stage. Access elements can link to other access elements associated with one or more output products of one or more production stages related to the production of the final product or its components, thus allowing recursive access to this characteristic data for each production stage.

[0135] The access element may further include a representation of characteristic data or a portion thereof. The access element may include one or more authentication mechanisms associated with the distributed identifier(s), transformed data, and access data. The access element may relate to one or more authorization mechanisms associated with at least a portion of the digital twin (e.g., characteristic data) of the distributed identifier(s) and the corresponding product (e.g., output product, legacy output product, or a component thereof). One or more authorization mechanisms may include authorization rules for determining whether to grant access to production-related data. One or more authorization mechanisms may be associated with data-providing network nodes associated with the characteristic data. One or more authorization mechanisms may be provided for each production stage or each producer in the corresponding product production chain (e.g., output product production chain or legacy output product production chain).

[0136] Access elements can be provided to a decentralized registry that stores access elements. The decentralized registry can be associated with data-providing network nodes. This allows control over access to such a registry and access to the access elements(s) stored in such a registry via the data-providing network nodes. The decentralized registry can be associated with participants in a production chain; for example, at least a portion of the participants in the production chain can operate one or more decentralized registries. The decentralized registry can be part of a decentralized network but may not be associated with a specific participant in the production chain; for example, it can be considered an infrastructure node of the decentralized network. Queries including query data can be sent to the decentralized registry via data-consuming network nodes to determine if the decentralized registry stores access elements(s) that match the query data. Queries can be executed via data-providing network nodes associated with the decentralized registry to ensure that only authenticated data-consuming network nodes(s) can query the data contained in such a decentralized registry.

[0137] A decentralized network may include one or more decentralized network nodes configured to perform data transactions. These decentralized network nodes may be associated with participants in a material chain related to a corresponding product (e.g., an output product, a previous output product, or a component thereof, particularly a material cycle associated with the output product or previous output product). Data transactions may be based on a transaction protocol that includes multiple authentication and / or authorization mechanisms. Based on these authentication and / or authorization mechanisms, a peer-to-peer network can be established between the decentralized network nodes. One or more authentication mechanisms may be associated with or linked to multiple decentralized identifiers. One or more authentication mechanisms associated with the multiple decentralized identifiers may be provided to the multiple decentralized network nodes. One or more authentication mechanisms associated with the multiple decentralized identifiers may be accessible to the multiple decentralized network nodes. Decentralized configurations allow for more efficient use of computing resources and strengthen each data owner's control over the decentralized network.

[0138] Multiple data-providing network nodes can be configured to provide access to data stored in dedicated storage devices associated with each of the multiple data-providing network nodes. The data stored in the dedicated storage devices may include at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of output products from one or more input materials. Data stored in the dedicated storage devices may also include at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing of older output products or components thereof. Multiple data-providing network nodes can be configured to provide data associated with one or more transformation functions used to generate access elements stored in a decentralized registry associated with each of the multiple data-providing network nodes. Data-providing network nodes may be associated with participants in the production chain, such as producers of output products, older output products, or components thereof. Production-related data (e.g., characteristic data) at each stage of production can be provided by the data-providing network nodes to the decentralized network, particularly for access by the multiple data-consuming network nodes. Access to the data can be under the control of the data-providing network node associated with the production-related data. Access to the data can be under the control of the data-providing network node associated with the corresponding access element. Data providing network nodes can be configured to authenticate data consuming network nodes and / or authorize data consuming network nodes to access data.

[0139] Data consuming network nodes can be configured to request access to data stored in dedicated storage devices associated with multiple data providing network nodes. These data consuming network nodes can be configured to determine, for example, by querying a distributed network, particularly a distributed registry of storage access elements, to identify access elements associated with output products, used output products, or components thereof. Data consuming network nodes can be associated with participants in the production chain of output products. Data consuming network nodes can be associated with participants in the processing chain of used output products or components, such as in a recycling chain, including multiple collectors, multiple sorters, and / or multiple recyclers of used output products or components. Data consuming network nodes can be associated with participants in the processing chain of used output products or components, such as in a reuse chain, including multiple collectors, multiple sorters, or one or more entities performing multiple reuse operations on used output products or components. These data consuming network nodes can access production-related data, such as characteristic data, generated at each stage of production, after authentication and / or authorization.

[0140] In embodiments, characteristic data relating to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of an output product and / or the processing of a used output product or its components are collected in connection with the production of the output product by its producer, or in connection with the production of the used output product by its producer, or in connection with the production of the component by its producer. The producer of the used output product may refer to the producer of the output product that generates the used output product, for example, by using the output product produced by the producer of the output product. Characteristic data regarding the production of the corresponding product (e.g., the output product, the used output product, or its components) may be collected by the producer of the corresponding product (e.g., the output product, the used output product, or its components). Characteristic data relating to the production of the corresponding product (e.g., the output product, the used output product, or its components) may be collected. Characteristic data may be collected before, during, and / or after the production of the corresponding product (e.g., the output product, the used output product, or its components). Characteristic data may be collected at each stage of the production of the output product, the used output product, or its components. A production stage may include any production step in the production chain of the output product, the used output product, or its components. A production chain may include one or more stages necessary to produce an output product, an output product, or a component thereof from one or more production inputs. Input data may include multiple decentralized identifiers associated with one or more production inputs. Multiple decentralized identifiers associated with one or more production inputs may be collected. By collecting input data, multiple production inputs may be associated with multiple production outputs at each stage of the production of the output product, a legacy output product, or a component thereof, enabling the tracking of material flows among material participants in the respective production chain (e.g., an output product production chain or a legacy output product production chain).

[0141] In this embodiment, production-related data includes input data associated with one or more production inputs used to produce output products, used output products, or components thereof, particularly distributed identifiers associated with one or more production inputs, and / or output product identifiers, and / or used output product identifiers, and / or component identifiers. Such identifiers may include names, serial numbers, batch numbers, LOT numbers, or combinations thereof.

[0142] In an embodiment, one or more rules define one or more data points within production-related data. One or more data points may relate to multiple output product identifiers. One or more data points may correspond to multiple output product identifiers. One or more data points may relate to multiple legacy output product identifiers and / or multiple component identifiers. One or more data points may correspond to multiple legacy output product identifiers and / or multiple component identifiers. One or more data points may relate to identifier elements associated with an output product, a legacy output product, or a component thereof. One or more data points may relate to data encoded by identifier elements (e.g., output product identifiers, legacy output product identifiers, or component identifiers, respectively). One or more data points may correspond to identifier elements associated with an output product, a legacy output product, or a component thereof, respectively. The use of such data points (e.g., plaintext data) allows entities that produce output products or perform processing of old output products or their components to easily obtain plaintext data for data transformation, enabling the generation of corresponding query data (e.g., transformed data) and its use to query a decentralized network for the corresponding access element associated with the (multiple) input materials to be used to produce the output product or with the old output product to be processed (e.g., to be reused or recycled).

[0143] In an embodiment, one or more transformation functions comprise one or more functions that generate output values ​​from input values, making it difficult to derive input values ​​from output values. Such one or more functions can be considered unidirectional functions. A function can be considered unidirectional if it can be computed using a polynomial-time algorithm, but the probability of success of any polynomial-time randomization algorithm attempting to compute the pseudo-inverse of that function is negligible. The output value can have a fixed length, independent of the length of the input value. The output value can be a feature of the input value, such as a fingerprint corresponding to the input value. For example, a change in the input value (such as a change in the characters contained in the input value) may result in a completely different output value. The input value can be a sequence of numbers and / or letters. The input value can include one or more data points. One or more data points can be defined in one or more rules. The input value can include one or more data points and additional data (also referred to as salt). The additional data can be a random sequence of numbers and / or letters. The additional data can be specific to the entity that produces the corresponding output material. For example, random data can correspond to or be associated with the company name of the entity that produces the corresponding output product. Using this additional data prevents the computation of sensitive data from being calculated based on (multiple) transformed data points using pre-computed tables (e.g., rainbow tables). Functions that generate output values ​​from input values ​​such that the input values ​​cannot be derived from the output values ​​can include one or more functions (e.g., multiple hash functions) that generate hash values. Multiple hash functions can generate hash values ​​(e.g., output values) based on given input values, where the input values ​​cannot be derived from the generated hash values. Applying such functions (particularly functions that generate hash values) to sensitive plaintext or ordinary data (such as (multiple) output product identifiers, (multiple) final product identifiers, and / or (multiple) component identifiers, including customer names and / or manufacturer names and / or (multiple) customer specifications) results in transformed data that no longer reveals sensitive information included in the plaintext or ordinary data used as input to such functions. Examples of such functions that can be used include cryptographic hash functions such as SHA, MD, RIPEMD, or BLAKE. The functions can be defined by one or more rules. This allows parties wishing to access data relating to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of the output product and / or the processing of the old final product to determine, when generating query data, the appropriate function to be applied to one or more data points defined by rules(s).

[0144] In an embodiment, transforming at least a portion of the collected production-related data includes calculating one or more hash values ​​by applying one or more hash functions to one or more data points included in the collected production-related data based on a provided rule set. Transforming at least a portion of the collected production-related data may include calculating one or more hash values ​​by applying one or more hash functions to one or more data points and an additional sequence included in the collected production-related data based on a provided rule set. The one or more data points may be selected from multiple output product identifiers, multiple old output product identifiers, and / or multiple component identifiers. The additional sequence may be included in the rule set. The one or more data points may contain sensitive information, such as manufacturer name, customer name, and / or customer specification. Transforming such sensitive data by applying hash functions to it produces multiple hash values ​​that no longer reveal any sensitive information. Such hash values ​​can be included as additional search fields publicly available within the decentralized network in access elements, allowing data consumers (such as entities producing output products or processing old output products or components thereof) to search for such hash values ​​to identify corresponding access elements. These access elements can be used to access associated characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to production and / or processing. This allows the generation of corresponding hash values ​​using readily available information about the output product, old output product, or component thereof (such as serial numbers including sensitive data), and the use of said hash values ​​to query the decentralized network for characteristic data associated with said output product, old output product, or component thereof, respectively, without having to implement access permissions to prevent all participants in the decentralized network from accessing such sensitive data. However, such access permissions may hinder the querying of access elements using such sensitive data, and thus hinder entities involved in producing output products and / or processing (especially the reuse or recycling of old output products or components thereof) from accessing data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to production and / or processing, particularly if these entities do not have access to the decentralized registry storing such access elements. In this scenario, the entity would be unable to identify the decentralized participants(s) possessing data related to this chemical and / or physical property, thus hindering requests for access to such data from these decentralized participants(s). The inability to access data related to this chemical and / or physical property may impede the production of output products and / or the processing of used output products or components thereof, particularly the reuse or recycling operations(s), potentially reducing the efficiency associated with such production and / or processing operations, and / or potentially reducing the quality of output products produced by production, output products produced by reuse operations, or recyclables produced by recycling processes.

[0145] In an embodiment, the access element further includes relational access data associated with relational data, which specifies multiple relationships between the input materials (e.g., multiple production inputs) used to produce the output product, the used output product, or a component thereof, and the produced output product, the used output product, or a component thereof. The access data may be associated with a distributed relational identifier. The distributed relational identifier may allow the collection of relational data from associated data-providing network nodes. The relational access data may include a locator or pointer to a dedicated storage device associated with the relational dataset (e.g., a digital relation). The relational access data may include one or more digital links pointing to the relational data. The relational access data may include a locator or pointer to a dedicated storage address, such as a URL or URI, pointing to the relational data. The relational data may specify multiple production inputs used to produce the output product, the used output product, or a component thereof. The relational data may be stored on a dedicated storage device associated with the data owner (e.g., the output product manufacturer, the used output product manufacturer, or the component manufacturer) of the corresponding data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to production and / or processing. The relational data may include one or more decentralized identifiers associated with output products, former output products, or components thereof, and one or more decentralized identifiers associated with production inputs(s). The decentralized identifiers(s) associated with production inputs(s) can be used to collect access elements and associated data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to production and / or processing (particularly reuse or recycling). Therefore, through this access data, data related to this chemical and / or physical property associated with production inputs(s) at each stage of production can be accessed.

[0146] Relational data can involve authorization rules that grant access to the data based on decentralized participant identifiers. Decentralized participant identifiers can be associated with data-consuming network nodes requesting access to multiple relational datasets. Decentralized participant identifiers can also be associated with participants in a decentralized network that are associated with data-consuming network nodes requesting access to multiple relational data. Furthermore, decentralized participant identifiers can be associated with data-consuming network nodes related to systems that perform processing operations (such as reuse or recycling) on ​​the production output or the old output or its components. In this way, access to sensitive data related to the bill of materials for the output or old output can be restricted to specific network nodes related to the access and control of data (such as characteristic data) and / or monitoring of the production, reuse, or recycling process. Additionally, data access can help participants in the product ecosystem detect key chemical and / or physical properties relevant to production, reuse, or recycling.

[0147] In an embodiment, the method further includes the step of generating a relational access element based on one or more distributed identifiers associated with one or more production inputs, respectively, for producing an output product, a used output product, or a component thereof. Generating the relational access element may include...

[0148] • Generate a relational dataset based on one or more distributed identifiers associated with one or more production inputs used to produce output products, old output products, or components thereof.

[0149] • Generate relational access data associated with this relational dataset.

[0150] • Provide the distributed relation identifier associated with this relation dataset,

[0151] • Generate a relation access element that includes the distributed relation identifier and the relation access data.

[0152] A relational dataset may include multiple distributed identifiers associated with one or more production inputs used to produce an output product, a previous output product, or a component thereof, and multiple distributed identifiers of the output product, the previous output product, or a component thereof produced from such production inputs. The relational dataset may include relationships between distributed identifiers representing production relationships. Relationships between the multiple distributed identifiers associated with the output product, the previous output product, or a component thereof and the multiple distributed identifiers of the production inputs may be reflected by attributes associated with the distributed identifiers. For example, the multiple distributed identifiers associated with the production inputs may be assigned the attribute "child identifier." The multiple distributed identifiers of the output product, the previous output product, or a component thereof may be assigned the attribute "parent identifier." A relational dataset may be generated at each stage of the production of the output product or the previous output product. In other words, a relational dataset may be generated for each producer in the production chain of the output product or the previous output product. The relational dataset may be stored in a dedicated storage device associated with the producer of the output product, the previous output product, or a component thereof. The relational dataset may be stored at each stage of the production of the output product or the previous output product. In other words, a relational dataset can be stored for each producer in the production chain of output products or older output products. Relationship access data can include locators or pointers to dedicated storage locations associated with the relational dataset (e.g., digital relationships). Relationship access data can include one or more digital links pointing to the relational dataset. Relationship access data can include locators or pointers to dedicated storage addresses, such as URLs or URIs, that store the relational dataset.

[0153] Relationship access elements can involve authorization rules that grant access to (multiple) relationship datasets based on distributed participant identifiers.

[0154] Relationship access elements can be provided for access to the relational dataset by one or more data consuming network nodes under the control of data providing network nodes associated with it. Data providing network nodes can be associated with production participants in a production chain that produces the final product or its components. Relationship access elements can be provided to a decentralized registry storing access elements, as previously described. The decentralized registry can be associated with a decentralized participant that owns the relational dataset.

[0155] In an embodiment, the characteristic data includes one or more characteristic datasets that specify at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to the production of the output product through chemical and / or physical production processes. The characteristic data may include such chemical and / or physical characteristics associated with one or more production processes.

[0156] In another embodiment, the characteristic data includes one or more datasets associated with at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to the production of the output product, per production process and / or per data consuming network node requesting access to the characteristic data. A production process may be represented by a production process identifier. The distributed participant identifier may be provided by the data consuming network node requesting access to the characteristic data. The production process identifier may be provided by a data providing network node providing access to the characteristic data. The production process identifier may be provided through authorization rules that associate the distributed participant identifier with the data consuming network node requesting access to the characteristic data. The authorization rules may relate to one or more datasets associated with this chemical and / or physical characteristic per production process and / or per distributed participant identifier.

[0157] In an embodiment, the characteristic data includes one or more characteristic datasets specifying at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to the recovery of used output products or components through chemical and / or physical and / or thermal recovery processes. The characteristic data may include at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to recovery in relation to one or more recovery processes. The characteristic data may further relate to the degradation level of materials used to produce used output products or components, the content of recyclables used to produce used output products or components, and / or the content of multiple production inputs used to produce used output products or components.

[0158] In another embodiment, the characteristic data includes one or more datasets associated with at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to the recycling of old output products or their components, per recycling process, recyclable usage, and / or per data consuming network node requesting access to the characteristic data. A recycling process can be represented by a recycling process identifier. Recyclable usage can be represented by a recyclable type. The decentralized participant identifier can be provided by the data consuming network node requesting access to the characteristic data. The recycling process identifier and / or recyclable type can be provided by the data consuming network node requesting access to the characteristic data. The recycling process identifier and / or recyclable type can be provided by a data providing network node providing access to the characteristic data. The recycling process identifier and / or recyclable type can be provided through authorization rules that associate the decentralized participant identifier with the data consuming network node requesting access to the characteristic data. The authorization rules can relate to one or more datasets associated with at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to recycling, per recycling process, recyclable usage, and / or per decentralized participant identifier.

[0159] In an embodiment, the characteristic data includes one or more characteristic datasets specifying at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic that is critical for the reuse of old output products or components through maintenance and / or cleaning and / or refurbishment processes. The characteristic data may include at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic that is critical for reuse in relation to one or more reuse processes.

[0160] In another embodiment, the characteristic data includes one or more datasets associated with at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to the reuse of the old output product or its components, per reuse process and / or per data consuming network node requesting access to the characteristic data. The reuse process can be represented by a reuse process identifier. The distributed participant identifier can be provided by the data consuming network node requesting access to the characteristic data. The reuse process identifier can be provided by a data providing network node providing access to the characteristic data. The reuse process identifier can be provided through authorization rules that associate the distributed participant identifier with the data consuming network node requesting access to the characteristic data. The authorization rules can relate to one or more datasets associated with at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to reuse, per reuse process and / or per distributed participant identifier.

[0161] In embodiments, the access elements involve authorization rules that provide access to characteristic data based on production process and / or decentralized participant identifiers. These access elements are provided for one or more data-consuming network nodes associated with one or more output product producers producing (multiple) output products to access characteristic data, including at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to production, based on the production process and / or decentralized participant identifiers. The access elements may involve authorization rules that provide access to (multiple) characteristic datasets based on production process and / or participant identifiers. The access elements may involve authorization rules that provide access to (multiple) characteristic datasets related to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to production based on decentralized participant identifiers and / or production process identifiers associated with the decentralized participant identifiers. The access elements may involve authorization rules that provide access to (multiple) characteristic datasets related to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to production to selected participants in the product ecosystem (particularly (multiple) output product producers). In embodiments, the access elements involve authorization rules that grant access to the characteristic data based on the recycling process, recyclable usage, and / or decentralized participant identifiers. The access elements are provided for one or more data-consuming network nodes associated with one or more recyclers performing one or more recycling processes to access characteristic data including at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to recycling, based on the recycling process, recyclable usage, and / or decentralized participant identifiers. The access elements may involve authorization rules that grant access to the characteristic datasets based on the recycling process, recyclable usage, and / or participant identifiers. The access elements may involve authorization rules that grant access to the characteristic datasets related to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to recycling based on the decentralized participant identifier, the recycling process identifier associated with the decentralized participant identifier, and / or the recyclable type identifier associated with the decentralized participant identifier. The access elements may involve authorization rules that grant access to the characteristic datasets related to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to recycling to selected participants in the product ecosystem (particularly sorters, collectors, and / or recycler system participants).

[0162] In embodiments, the access elements involve authorization rules that grant access to the characteristic data based on a reuse process and / or a decentralized participant identifier. The access elements are provided for one or more data-consuming network nodes associated with one or more entities performing one or more reuse processes to access characteristic data including at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to reuse, based on the reuse process and / or the decentralized participant identifier. The access elements may involve authorization rules that grant access to the characteristic dataset based on the reuse process and / or participant identifier. The access elements may involve authorization rules that grant access to the characteristic dataset related to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to reuse, based on the decentralized participant identifier and / or a reuse process identifier associated with the decentralized participant identifier. The access elements may involve authorization rules that grant access to the characteristic dataset related to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to reuse to selected participants in the product ecosystem (particularly sorters, collectors, and / or reuse system participants).

[0163] In an embodiment, the method further includes the following steps:

[0164] • Specifically, data related to the production of output products, used output products, or their components should be collected at each stage of production. This production-related data includes characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of output products and / or the processing of used output products or their components (particularly for the reuse or recycling of used output products or their components).

[0165] • Aggregate production-related data collected.

[0166] Aggregating production-related data (particularly characteristic data) can include one or more chemical and / or physical characteristics that are critical to production and / or processing and are included in the characteristic data. Data can be collected at each stage of production. Data collected at each stage of production can be aggregated. Aggregation can be performed before generating access data. Access data can be associated with aggregated data. This allows the generation of access elements for accessing the aggregated data.

[0167] In an embodiment of a method for accessing one or more chemical and / or physical properties critical to the processing of output products from one or more input materials and / or to used output products or components thereof, the method further includes the step of requesting access to the property data at a distributed data-providing network node associated with a producer of the production inputs for producing the output product, used output product, or components thereof, based on access data associated with relational data included in the collected access elements(s). This can allow for the acquisition of additional data on chemical and / or physical properties critical to production and / or processing (particularly reuse or recycling) (which may not be included in the property data associated with the output product or used output product and collected via the associated access elements), thus allowing the use of the additional data (such as chemical and / or physical properties) to improve production and / or processing operations. Attached Figure Description

[0168] The disclosure will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings and the disclosure, the same reference numerals are intended to refer to the same or similar elements, components and / or portions.

[0169] Figure 1 This paper presents a first example of a network of participants in a product ecosystem associated with a decentralized peer-to-peer network used to exchange one or more chemical and / or physical properties critical to the production of (multiple) output products and / or the processing of older output products or their components.

[0170] Figure 2 An apparatus according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the production of an output product and / or the processing of an old output product or its components.

[0171] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating an example method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the production of an output product and / or the processing of an old output product or its components.

[0172] Figure 4A The first example shown includes a distributed identifier, access data, and one or more hash values ​​for a digital access element.

[0173] Figure 4B A second example is shown, which includes a distributed identifier, access data, and one or more hash values ​​for a digital access element.

[0174] Figure 5A flowchart illustrating an example method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing of an output product produced from one or more input materials and / or for a previously produced output product or a component thereof.

[0175] Figure 6 A decentralized system is demonstrated for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the production of output products from one or more input materials and / or for the processing of old output products or components thereof.

[0176] Figure 7 A sequence diagram is shown for methods for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the production of an output product from one or more input materials and / or for the processing of an old output product or its components.

[0177] Figures 8A to 8B Showing the results of Figure 7 The graphical user interface displayed by the consumer app as described in the context.

[0178] Figure 9 An example system for obtaining characteristic data based on distributed output product identifiers is shown.

[0179] Figure 10 An example of a relational representation showing the relationship between a specified output product and the production input(s) used to produce the output product is shown.

[0180] Figure 11 A method is demonstrated for obtaining production-related data of output products based on (multiple) distributed identifiers and access elements, which represent the relationship between the output products and (multiple) production inputs used to produce the output products.

[0181] Figure 12 An example of a system is illustrated for accessing characteristic data associated with the output product or its components by the downstream nodes associated with the downstream participants involved in processing the output product or its components. Detailed Implementation

[0182] Figure 1A first example of a participant network in a product ecosystem associated with a decentralized peer-to-peer network is shown, which exchanges one or more chemical and / or physical properties critical to the production of (multiple) output products and / or the processing of older end products or components thereof. The decentralized network environment may include a decentralized participant network 136. The decentralized participant network 136 may include one or more decentralized network participants 102 to 114. The decentralized network participants may be part of a product ecosystem that includes chemical products. The product ecosystem may include a production chain that produces output products. Output products may be chemical products, intermediate chemical products, components, component assemblies, or end products. Output products may be referred to as products hereinafter. The product ecosystem may include a processing chain for processing older output products resulting from the use of the produced output products. The processing chain may include a recycling chain for recovering at least a portion of the older output products or components thereof. The processing chain may include a reuse chain for reusing the older output products. The product ecosystem may include raw input material producers 104, chemical product producers 102, chemical product users 106, end-product producers 108, end-product users 110, end-of-life product collectors 112, and recyclers 114. A decentralized network of participants 136 may be a chemical supply chain. The product ecosystem may allow the production of new products, such as chemical products, using materials derived from the recycling of end-of-life products. The product ecosystem may be associated with the production and / or reuse and / or recycling of physical products. Products may be chemical products, intermediate chemical products, components, component assemblies, end-of-life products, or recycled products.

[0183] The decentralized participant network 136 may include participants(s) associated with the production and / or reuse and / or recycling of products. Decentralized network participants 102 through 114 may refer to manufacturers of physical products, such as input material producers 104, chemical product producers 102, chemical product users 106, final product producers 108, users of physical goods (e.g., final product users 110), and / or participants in recycling chains associated with physical products (e.g., EOL product collectors 112 and recyclers 114). Decentralized network participants may be associated with decentralized participant identifiers. These identifiers uniquely identify decentralized network participants within decentralized participant network 136.

[0184] Multiple participants in a decentralized participant network 136 can be connected via material flow 142. Material flow 142 can correspond to the flow of product from one participant in the decentralized participant network 136 to a downstream participant in the decentralized participant network 136. Material flow 142 can refer to a continuous or discontinuous flow of product. The flow of product can include any mode of transport suitable for transporting product from a participant to a downstream participant. The mode of transport can include pipes, containers, barrels, or packages. Material flow 142 can be associated with raw materials 118 (e.g., virgin raw materials) used to produce chemical products. Raw materials can be provided to chemical product producers 102 for the production of (multiple) chemical products and / or (multiple) intermediate chemical products (not shown). Material flow 142 can be associated with (multiple) chemical products 120. (Multiple) chemical products 120 can be provided to chemical product users 106 for the production of (multiple) discrete products. The discrete products produced are different units sold as a single product, as opposed to chemical production. Material flow 142 can be associated with recycled materials 116. The recycled material 116 can be provided to the chemical product producer 102 for the production of (multiple) chemical products.

[0185] At least some of the participants in the distributed participant network 136 may be associated with distributed participant network nodes 122 to 134. Distributed participant nodes 122 to 134 may be under the control of the corresponding distributed participant associated with the respective distributed participant node. Distributed participant nodes 122 to 134 may form a distributed network 140. Distributed network 140 may be a peer-to-peer communication network. Distributed network 140 may be configured to execute data transactions 138. Data transactions 138 may be based on a transaction protocol including (multiple) authentication and / or authorization mechanisms. Based on (multiple) authentication and / or authorization mechanisms, peer-to-peer communication may be established between distributed network nodes 122 to 134 associated with distributed network participants 102 to 114. One or more authentication mechanisms may be associated with or linked to a distributed identifier, such as in... Figure 1 As described in the context of B. One or more authentication mechanisms associated with the decentralized identifier can be accessed by decentralized participant nodes, as in Figure 1 As described in the context of B, distributed configurations allow for more efficient use of computing resources and strengthen the control of data owners in distributed networks.

[0186] Data transactions between participating nodes in a decentralized network can be based on decentralized identifiers associated with the corresponding data to be accessed, for example, as in... Figure 7As described in the context of [the document / concept]. A distributed identifier can be uniquely associated with the physical entity of a product and the associated product data. A distributed identifier can uniquely identify a corresponding product within a distributed network. A distributed identifier can be associated with other distributed identifiers, such as distributed identifiers of multiple products used to produce that product. This allows tracking of multiple products used to produce the product (e.g., the final product). Distributed identifiers can be included in the digital access elements associated with the product, for example, as in [the document / concept]. Figure 7 As described in the context.

[0187] Data flows 138 (e.g., transactions) between distributed network participant nodes can be directly or indirectly associated with material flows 142 between distributed network participants. For example, data flow 138 can be directly associated with material flows 142 if data associated with input materials provided from input material producer 104 to chemical product producer 102 is accessed by a distributed participant node 124 associated with said chemical product producer 102. For example, data flow 138 can be indirectly associated with material flows 142 if data associated with chemical products produced by chemical product producer 102 is accessed by a distributed participant node 134 associated with recycler 114.

[0188] Distributed participant nodes 122 to 134 may be distributed computing nodes. A distributed “computing node” can be any device or system comprising at least one physical tangible processor and physical tangible memory capable of having computer-executable instructions executed by the processor thereon. The memory can take any form and depends on the nature and form of the computing node.

[0189] At least some of the distributed participant nodes 122 to 134 may be distributed data providing network nodes. At least some of the participant nodes 122 to 134 may be distributed data consuming network nodes. Participants in the distributed participant network 136 may be associated with distributed data providing network nodes and / or distributed data consuming network nodes, depending on whether the data is provided to downstream participants or consumed from upstream participants. For example, input material producer 104 may be associated with a distributed data providing network node configured to provide input material data to downstream participants (e.g., chemical product producer 102), for example, as in Figure 7 As described in the context. Alternatively, chemical product producer 102 may be associated with a decentralized data consumption network node configured to access data associated with recycled input materials produced by upstream participants (e.g., recycler 114).

[0190] The distributed network 140 may include additional distributed network nodes. These additional distributed network nodes may be distributed infrastructure service nodes (...). Figure 1 (Not shown in the image). Distributed infrastructure service nodes may not be associated with participants in the product ecosystem. Distributed infrastructure service nodes can provide services to distributed participant nodes 122 to 134, such as verifying the identity of distributed network participant nodes 122 to 134 before performing data exchange. Distributed network participant nodes 122 to 134 may be associated with or include multiple certificates, such as multiple X.509 certificates. Multiple certificates may be associated with multiple distributed infrastructure service nodes, which may include, for example, certificate issuance services and / or dynamic provisioning services that provide dynamic attribute tokens (e.g., OAuth access tokens). Thus, distributed network participant nodes 116 to 124 have a unique identifier embedded in the X.509 certificate that identifies the corresponding distributed network participant node 122 to 134. The information required to verify the certificate can be provided via a certification registry associated with the certificate issuance service and / or dynamic provisioning service. For example, in the IDSA Reference Architecture Model version 3.0 in April 2019, decentralized data provisioning network nodes associated with data owners, Certificate Authorities (CAs), Dynamic Attribute Provisioning Services (DAPS), and decentralized data consuming network nodes associated with data consumers verify identities (not shown) before performing data exchange.

[0191] Figure 2 An apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of an output product and / or the processing of a used output product or its components. This apparatus can be implemented in… Figure 3 The method is described in the context of [the method described]. Output products can be chemical products. Output products can be intermediate chemical products. Output products can be discrete products. Output products can be components or parts. Output products can be component assemblies. Output products can be final products. Old output products can be old final products. Old output products can be scrapped final products. Components of old output products can be discrete components. Components can be components contained within old output products and can be used during the lifecycle of the output product. Components can be associated with one or more decentralized identifiers representing the production input(s) used to produce the component(s).

[0192] Discrete product production 214 can produce one or more discrete components 216 (e.g., multiple output products) from one or more production inputs 212 (e.g., multiple input materials). It can also produce from input material producer 104 (see...). Figure 1) receives one or more production inputs 212. It can be obtained from chemical product producer 102 (see... Figure 1 It receives one or more production inputs 212.

[0193] refer to Figure 3 Data related to the production of discrete component 216 can be collected. This data may include output product data. Output product data can be collected from discrete product production 214. The data related to the production of discrete component 216 may further include input material data associated with production input(s)212. Input material data can be collected from input material producer 104 via a distributed network 140 using a data consumption network node 126A associated with chemical product user 106 (see also...). Figure 1 Input material data can be collected from chemical product producers 102 via a distributed network 140 using data consumption network node 126A associated with chemical product user 106 (see also...). Figure 1 Input material data can be generated in association with one or more network nodes, such as with data generation nodes associated with a corresponding producer. Input material data can relate to different stages of the production chain of discrete components. Input material data can relate to the production of production inputs 212 for producing discrete components. Input material data can be specific to any production input 212 or the discrete component 216 produced. Input material data can be specific to a single entity or batch of production input 212 or the discrete component 216 produced. Collecting input material data can include collecting decentralized identifiers associated with one or more production inputs for producing discrete components. Decentralized identifiers associated with one or more production inputs for producing discrete components can be collected by reading identifier elements (such as barcodes or QR codes) connected to production input 212. Identifier elements can encode input material identifiers that can be used to collect input material data, for example, using... Figure 7 The principle is illustrated. Data can be collected by the product data collector 202 of the access element generator 210. Data related to the production of discrete components can be collected before, during, and / or after the production of discrete component 216.

[0194] Data related to the production of discrete components may include characteristic data. Characteristic data may relate to or include the characteristics of the discrete component. Component characteristics may include performance characteristics, chemical characteristics (such as flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity, heat of combustion, etc.) and / or physical characteristics (such as density, color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity, etc.). At least some of these characteristics may be critical to production and / or processing. Chemical characteristics may relate to the material composition of the discrete component. Such chemical characteristics may specify the material composition of the discrete component. For example, such characteristics may specify at least a portion of the chemical composition of a discrete compound. Chemical characteristics may include at least one chemical characteristic that is critical to the production of the discrete compound and / or the processing (particularly recycling or reuse) of the discrete compound or older end products including such discrete compounds. Critical chemical characteristics may be characteristics that negatively impact the quality of the output product, the yield of the output product, the production process, the reuse process, and / or recyclables that can be produced by the recycling process. Chemical characteristics may include (multiple) contaminants or (multiple) substances that are critical to production and / or processing. Such substances may include substances such as sulfur, halogens, oxygen, phosphorus, metals and inorganic substances such as aluminum, antimony, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, lead, silicon, titanium, zinc, arsenic, mercury, nickel, vanadium, or combinations thereof.

[0195] Characteristic data can further relate to the amount of recyclables used in the production of discrete parts and / or the amount of production inputs used in the production of discrete parts. This data can be accessed by collectors and / or sorters during the collection and / or sorting of used end products or their components to determine the amount of recyclables and / or production inputs. This allows for more precise monitoring of waste fractionation during or after sorting.

[0196] Characteristic data may further include emissions data, renewable biomass data, bio-based biomass data, and / or biodegradability data.

[0197] By collecting production-related data at each stage of the production chain, digital twins of corresponding entities produced by one or more participants in the production chain can be generated. This allows for the tracking of entities throughout the production chain, from raw materials or recyclables to the final product.

[0198] Production-related data can be stored in dedicated storage devices associated with the relevant participants in the production chain that produce discrete components (see [link to storage device]). Figure 12 Database 702). Data related to the production of discrete components may include different datasets related to the production of discrete components. Such datasets may refer to the datasets described above, such as composition data, emissions data, recyclable content data, bio-based content data, and / or biodegradability data.

[0199] Continue to refer to Figure 3 One or more decentralized identifiers associated with the produced discrete component 216 may be provided by ID provider 204. One or more decentralized identifiers may be uniquely associated with the physical entity of the produced discrete component 216. One or more decentralized identifiers may be uniquely associated with any entity produced by any participant in the production chain. One or more decentralized identifiers may include any unique identifier uniquely associated with the produced discrete component 216, the production participants(s) of the production chain of the production entity, and / or data related to the production of the discrete component. Decentralized identifiers may include one or more Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) or one or more Digital Identifiers (DIDs), or associated with these identifiers. Through the decentralized identifiers(s) and their unique association with the discrete component, access to characteristic data may be controlled by the producer of the discrete component. This contrasts with a centralized agency scheme, in which identifiers are provided by such a centralized agency, and access to such data is controlled by such a centralized agency. In this context, decentralized means that the use of identifiers is controlled by the data owner in the implementation.

[0200] Continue to refer to Figure 3The data transformer 218 can collect a rule set, which includes one or more rules defining data points to be transformed, such that the transformation is achieved by applying a function that generates output values ​​from (multiple) data points such that (multiple) data points cannot be derived from the output values. The function can be a hash function that generates hash values ​​from (multiple) data points. (Multiple) data points may not be derived from hash values; for example, hash values ​​may not allow the computation of (multiple) data points used as input values ​​for the hash function. The rule set can be collected from a database. The rules can define (multiple) key-value pairs of values ​​to be transformed. The rule set can further define the function to be used for the data transformation. This function can be a hash function, such as MD-5, SHA-256, or RIPEMD-160. The data transformer 218 can transform one or more data points included in the collected production-related data based on the collected rule set. Data transformer 218 can transform one or more data points included in the collected production-related data by applying transformation functions(s) defined in a rule set to at least a portion of the data points(s) included in the data collected by product data collector 202 and defined by the rule(s). Using this rule set to transform the data points included in the access element allows the use of the defined transformation functions(s) to transform the defined data points. This allows third parties to use such transformed values ​​as search parameters and avoids the disclosure of sensitive information within the decentralized network, such as manufacturer names, customers, and / or (multiple) customer specification digital identifiers. Therefore, data available within the decentralized network can be searched via access elements to implement efficient production and / or circular economy use cases, such as reuse and / or recycling, while ensuring that sensitive information is not disclosed within the decentralized network without implementing complex access control management. For example, ordinary data (such as digital output product identifiers (e.g., digital part identifiers)) can be provided along with the parts. The final product producer or recycler can apply the defined transformation function to this digital identifier and use the resulting hash to query the decentralized network to determine the decentralized registry of access elements associated with the storage component, as in... Figure 7 The results of the query can be used to collect access elements, which in turn can be used to collect characteristic data of parts to be used as production inputs or to be reused or recycled, as described in the context of... Figure 7 and Figure 12 As described in the context.

[0201] Continue to refer to Figure 3Access data, such as characteristic data, can be generated by access data generator 206 and associated with production-related data. Access data can be generated for each dataset included in the production-related data. Access data can point to collected data or a portion thereof. Access data can point to collected production-related data or a portion thereof. Access data can relate to discrete product production 214 and be stored in relation to production (see...). Figure 7 and Figure 12 Dedicated storage devices for production-related data (such as characteristic data). Access data may include representations for accessing production-related data (such as characteristic data). Access data may include locators or pointers to dedicated storage devices associated with and storing production-related data in relation to discrete product production 214. Access data may include one or more digital links to production-related data. Access data may include locators or pointers, such as URLs or URIs, to dedicated storage addresses associated with and storing production-related data in relation to discrete product production 214. Access data may include at least one interface to a data providing network node. Access data may include at least one interface to a data consuming network node. Access data may include endpoints (resource endpoints) for data exchange or sharing or endpoints (service endpoints) for service interaction, which may be uniquely identified via a data transaction protocol. Access data pointing to collected production-related data or a portion thereof may be uniquely associated with a distributed identifier. The distributed identifier may be linked to access data associated with collected data or a portion thereof.

[0202] Continue to refer to Figure 3 Access elements, including one or more decentralized identifiers, at least a portion of transformed data (e.g., at least a portion of the output value (such as a hash value) generated by a transformation function), and access data, can be generated by access element generator 208. Access elements can be associated with discrete components. Access elements can be provided to a decentralized network database (e.g., a decentralized registry) associated with the producer of discrete component 216. The database can be associated with a decentralized data providing network node (e.g., node 126B) associated with the producer of discrete component 216. Access elements can be associated with collected data related to the production of discrete components, or a portion thereof. An exemplary access element generated by access element generator 208 is shown in... Figure 4A and Figure 4B It is displayed in the middle.

[0203] The access element may further include one or more authentication mechanisms associated with the distributed identifiers(s) and access data. One or more authentication mechanisms may be associated with or linked to the distributed identifiers(s), such as distributed producer identifiers(s), distributed final product identifiers(s), distributed component identifiers(s), and distributed input material identifiers(s). The one or more authentication mechanisms associated with the distributed identifiers(s) can be accessed by the distributed participant network nodes(s). The digital access element may further involve authorization information linked to the distributed identifiers(s). Authorization information may be associated with the distributed identifiers(s) and access data. Authorization information may include access rules depending on the dataset to be accessed and the role of the network node consuming the access data.

[0204] Continue to refer to Figure 3 Access elements can be provided for accessing data related to the production of the discrete component under the control of one or more data consuming network nodes, associated with the data providing network node of the producer of discrete component 216. Access elements can be accessed by other participants in the decentralized network (such as final product producer 108 and / or recycler 114) via associated decentralized data consuming network nodes (such as via node 128 or 134), for example, as in... Figure 7 As described in the context. Access elements can be stored in a distributed registry, such as... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The distributed registry 220 is described in more detail below. Access elements can be retrieved from such a distributed registry by distributed data providing network nodes (e.g., those with access rights to such a distributed registry) associated with it, and access elements can be provided to such data consuming network nodes(s) upon request from such data consuming network nodes(s), and can be provided to such data consuming network nodes(s) (see [link to documentation]). Figure 7 ).

[0205] Already Figure 2 and Figure 3 The descriptions in the text regarding the production of discrete components and the generation of access elements associated with such components also apply to the production of further output products (such as (multiple) chemical products, component assemblies, and (multiple) final products).

[0206] Figure 4AA first example is shown, comprising a decentralized identifier, access data, and one or more transformed data points (e.g., hash values). The digital access element can be stored within a decentralized identity infrastructure. The decentralized identity infrastructure can allow retrieval of the access element using the decentralized identifier. The digital access element can be associated with a produced output. The output can be a chemical product, component, component assembly, final product, or recycled material. The digital access element can be associated with a reused final product.

[0207] Distributed identifiers may include Distributed Identifiers (DIDs). In this case, the digital access element based on the distributed identifier can be a DID document 404 associated with the DID. In addition to the DID document 404 used as a digital access element, Figure 4A Also shown is a DID owner data element 402 including owner data based on a decentralized identifier. Typically, owner data based on a decentralized identifier can include a decentralized identifier associated with a subject (such as a final product or a portion thereof) and can include one or more authentication mechanisms. Owner data based on a decentralized identifier 402 can include owner data electronically owned and controlled by the DID owner. In this context, electronic ownership can refer to data stored in an owner's repository or wallet. Such data can be securely stored and / or managed on an organization's server or client device. Owner data based on a decentralized identifier 402 can include a DID, a private key, and a public key. The DID owner can own and control the DID representing the identity associated with the DID subject, and the private and public key pair associated with the DID. A DID can be understood as an identifier and authentication information associated with or uniquely linked to that identifier.

[0208] A DID entity can be a raw material, base substance, chemical product, component, final product, or recycled material. A DID entity can be a machine, system, or equipment used to produce a raw material, base substance, chemical product, component, final product, or recycled material, or a collection of such machines, equipment, and / or systems. A DID owner can be a supply chain participant or manufacturer, such as a chemical manufacturer that produces chemicals. A DID owner can be an upstream participant of chemical product user 106, such as a supplier providing production inputs 212. A DID owner can be a downstream participant of chemical product user 106, such as a final product producer 108. A DID owner can be any participant in the product ecosystem, including raw material chemical product suppliers, intermediate chemical product manufacturers, intermediate component manufacturers, component manufacturers, final product manufacturers, final product users, maintenance operation performers, EOL collectors, or recyclers.

[0209] A DID can be any identifier associated with the DID subject and / or the DID owner. Preferably, the identifier is unique to the DID subject and / or the DID owner. The identifier can be unique at least within the scope of the intended use of the DID. The identifier can be a locally or globally unique identifier for raw materials, base substances, chemical products, components, final products, recycled materials, or a collection thereof; a machine, system, or equipment, or a collection of such machines, equipment, and / or systems, used to produce raw materials, base substances, chemical products, components, final products, or recycled materials; a chemical manufacturer, upstream participant of a chemical manufacturer, downstream participant of a chemical manufacturer, or a collection thereof; any participant in the materials ecosystem, including raw material chemical product suppliers, intermediate chemical product manufacturers, intermediate part manufacturers, component manufacturers, component assembly manufacturers, final product manufacturers, final product users, EOL collectors, recyclers, or a collection thereof.

[0210] A DID can be any identifier associated with a DID subject and a DID owner. Preferably, a DID is unique to both the DID subject and / or the DID owner. A DID can be unique at least within the scope of its intended use. A DID can be a locally or globally unique identifier for any of the aforementioned possible DID subjects. A DID can also be a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), such as a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). Furthermore, a DID can be an Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI). A DID can be a random string of numbers and letters to improve security. In one embodiment, a DID can be a 128-letter string of letters and numbers, for example, according to the scheme `did:methodName:methodSpecificDID`, such as `did:example:ebfeb1f712ebc6f1c276e12ec21`. A DID can be a decentralized ID independent of a centralized third-party management system and under the control of the DID owner.

[0211] The digital access element, which is part of DID document data 404, can be associated with a DID (i.e., the DID included in owner data 402 based on a distributed identifier). Therefore, the digital access element can include a reference to a DID associated with the DID subject described by DID document 404. DID document 404 can also include authentication information such as a public key. The public key can be used by a third-party entity granted access to information and data owned by the DID owner / subject. The public key can also be used to verify whether the DID owner actually owns or controls the DID. The DID document can include authentication information and authorization information, for example, to authorize a third-party entity to read the DID document or certain portions of the DID document, without granting the third party the right to prove ownership of the DID.

[0212] Digital access element 404 may include access data, such as data included in a digital twin of the final product or its components associated with the digital access element, digitally linked via a service endpoint. The service endpoint may include a network address running a service on behalf of the DID owner. Specifically, the service endpoint may refer to a service that the DID owner grants access to product data (such as characteristic data associated with the final product or its components), such as multiple distributed data delivery network nodes. This service may include services for reading or analyzing data contained within the product data.

[0213] Numeric access element 404 may include one or more transformed data points (e.g., multiple hash values). Multiple hash values ​​may be as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 The transformed data points can be obtained as described in the context. Any sensitive information can be removed from the input values ​​used to generate the transformed data points, for example, by applying a hash function to the data points. The data points can be associated with: multiple numeric identifiers of multiple output products, multiple old output products, or their components; multiple output product names, multiple old output product names, multiple component names, customer names, multiple (customer) specifications; and / or one or more characteristics of multiple output products, multiple old output products, or their components. The hash values ​​can encode such numeric identifiers, multiple customer names, multiple specifications, and / or one or more characteristics to prevent the disclosure of such sensitive information, as in... Figure 2 As described in the context.

[0214] Digital access element 404 may include additional identifiers, such as dataset identifiers associated with the dataset(s) included in the digital twin.

[0215] Numeric access element 404 may include various other information, such as metadata specifying the creation time of the numeric access element, the last modification time of the numeric access element, and / or the expiration time of the numeric access element.

[0216] DID and digital access element 404 can be associated with data registration nodes, such as a centralized data service system or a decentralized data service system 406 (e.g., a distributed ledger, blockchain, or decentralized file system). The distributed ledger or blockchain can be used to store a representation pointing to the DID of digital access element 404. The representation of the DID can be stored on the distributed computing nodes of the distributed ledger or blockchain 406. For example, a DID hash can be stored on multiple computing nodes of the distributed ledger and point to the location of digital access element 404. In some embodiments, digital access element 404 can be stored on the distributed ledger 406. Each of the computing nodes can store a copy of the distributed ledger 406. In this way, each DID hash can be redundantly stored, thereby allowing for improved data security. DIDs associated with multiple different digital access elements 404 can be included in the distributed ledger 406.

[0217] In some embodiments, the digital access element 404 may be stored on the distributed ledger 406, i.e., as a supplement to or alternative to storing the associated DID representation on the distributed ledger 406. In other embodiments, the digital access element 404 may be stored in a data storage device (not shown) associated with a distributed ledger, blockchain, or decentralized file system.

[0218] A distributed ledger or blockchain 406 can be any decentralized distributed network comprising various computing nodes that communicate with each other. For example, a distributed ledger 406 may include a first distributed computing node, a second distributed computing node, a third distributed computing node, and any number of additional distributed computing nodes (not shown). A distributed ledger or blockchain 406 may include known technology stacks such as Bitcoin (see, for example, the Bitcoin documentation published November 11, 2022, https: / / en.bitcoin.it / wiki / Protocol_documentation), Ethereum (see, for example, the Ethereum documentation published August 15, 2022, at https: / / ethereum.org / en / developers / docs / ), Solana (see, for example, the Solana documentation published November 11, 2022, at https: / / spl.solana.com / ), Polygon (see, for example, the Polygon documentation published November 11, 2022, at https: / / wiki.polygon.technology / ), or other implementations that perform data transactions to varying degrees on the distributed ledger. The description of the example framework is for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered limiting.

[0219] Figure 4B A second example is shown, comprising a decentralized identifier, access data, and one or more transformed data points (e.g., hash values). The digital access element can be stored within a decentralized identity infrastructure. The decentralized identity infrastructure can allow retrieval of the access element using the decentralized identifier. The digital access element can be associated with a produced output. The output can be a chemical product, component, component assembly, final product, or recycled material. The digital access element can be associated with a reused final product.

[0220] Distributed identifiers may include one or more universally unique identifiers (UUIDs). Distributed identifiers may include a first distributed identifier and a second distributed identifier. The first distributed identifier and the second distributed identifier may be different from each other. The first distributed identifier may represent a distributed identifier associated with the digital twin of the output product, while the second distributed identifier may represent a distributed identifier associated with a dataset (also referred to herein as an aspect) (e.g., characteristic data associated with the output product) contained in the digital twin of the output product.

[0221] A UUID can be unique, at least within the scope of its intended use. A UUID can be a locally or globally unique identifier for raw materials, basic substances, chemical intermediates, chemical products, components, component assemblies, final products, or recycled materials. In one embodiment, a UUID can be a 128-letter string of letters and numbers, for example, according to the scheme [0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}. A UUID can be a decentralized ID independent of a centralized third-party management system and under the control of the data owner who owns the data associated with the UUID.

[0222] Numeric access element 408 based on a distributed identifier can be a JSON data structure that includes a distributed identifier. The JSON data structure can include one or more key-value pairs. The JSON data structure can include one or more arrays. At least a portion of these arrays can include one or more objects. The objects(s) can include one or more key-value pairs.

[0223] The numeric access element 408 may include one or more transformed data points (e.g., multiple hash values) 410. The transformed data points may have any sensitive information removed from the input values ​​used to generate them, for example, by applying a hash function to the data points. The multiple hash values ​​may correspond to multiple values ​​in a key-value pair. The multiple hash values ​​may be as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 The values ​​are obtained as described in the context. Multiple values ​​can be associated with: multiple numeric identifiers of multiple output products, multiple final products, or their components; multiple output product names, multiple old output product names, multiple component names, customer names, multiple (customer) specifications; and / or one or more characteristics of multiple output products, multiple old output products, or their components. Multiple hash values ​​can be used to encode such multiple numeric identifiers, multiple customer names, multiple specifications, and / or one or more characteristics to prevent the disclosure of such sensitive information, as in... Figure 2 As described in the context.

[0224] Digital access element 408 may include access data 412, which is, for example, data included in a digital twin of the output product associated with the digital access element, digitally linked via a service endpoint. The service endpoint may include a network address representing the data owner running a service on behalf of the digital twin data. The digital twin data may include characteristic data. Specifically, the service endpoint may refer to a service that grants access rights to data (such as characteristic data associated with the output product) to the data owner, such as (multiple) distributed data delivery network nodes. Such a service may include services for reading or analyzing data contained within the data.

[0225] Numeric access element 408 may include various other information, such as metadata specifying the creation time of the numeric access element, the last modification time of the numeric access element, and / or the expiration time of the numeric access element. Figure 4B (Not shown in the image).

[0226] Digital access element 408 can be stored at a data registry node, such as a distributed registry (not shown, see example). Figure 6 and Figure 7 Example distributed registry 220). A distributed registry can be a distributed database. A distributed database can be associated with data owners of data related to production. A distributed registry can be used to store digital access elements, such as digital access element 408.

[0227] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating an example method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing of output products from one or more input materials and / or for old output products or components thereof. The output product may be a chemical product, component, component assembly, final product, or recycled material, such as in… Figure 2 As described in the context. Old output products can be final products. Old output products can be scrapped products. Old components can be components of old output products, such as in... Figure 2 The processing of used output products or components thereof may include performing at least one recycling or reuse operation on the used output products or components thereof. At least one chemical and / or physical property critical to production or processing may be determined based on collected characteristic data. At least one chemical and / or physical property critical to production or processing may correspond to the collected characteristic data. Figure 5 The methods described in the context can be used by consumer applications (such as in...) Figure 6 and Figure 7 The consumer app (604) described in the context of the case is used to implement this.

[0228] Multiple input materials, output products, used output products, or components thereof used in the production of output products can be associated with corresponding digital twins. Digital twins can be generated by collecting data associated with input materials, output products, used output products, or components thereof and by applying one or more semantic models to the collected data to generate one or more aspects (e.g., multiple datasets with defined data structures). Data associated with input materials, output products, used output products, or components thereof can be collected before, during, or after the production of the input materials, output products, final products, or components thereof. Data associated with input materials, output products, used output products, or components thereof may include data related to the production of the input materials, output products, used output products, or components thereof. Production-related data may include characteristic data, emission data, recyclable content data, bio-based content data, and biodegradability data. Emission data may include environmental footprint data. Characteristic data may include data representing one or more chemical and / or physical properties of the output product, used output product, or components thereof. Characteristic data may represent multiple chemical and / or physical properties. At least some of these properties may be critical to production and / or processing. The at least one chemical and / or physical property may include at least one measured physical and / or chemical property and / or at least one physical and / or chemical property determined based on data collected in connection with the production of the output product, final product, or component thereof and / or with the use of the output product, final product, or component thereof. These one or more aspects may, hereinafter, be collectively referred to as output product data, final product data, or component data. These one or more aspects may be related to, as in... Figure 2 The decentralized identifier described in the context is associated with or includes the decentralized identifier. The decentralized identifier may include one or more UUIDs and / or DIDs. The decentralized identifier may include a decentralized identifier representing a digital twin (or asset) and one or more decentralized identifiers representing aspects(s). At least one aspect may include characteristic data.

[0229] The output product can be produced by the input material provider 104. The output product can be produced by the chemical product producer 102. Used components or used output products can be produced by the chemical product user 106 or the final product producer 108, for example, as in... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As described in the context of [the document / reference], digital access elements can be generated at or after the production of output products, legacy parts, or old output products, for example, as in [the context of] [the document / reference]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As described in the context of [the document / context]. A digital access element can be associated with a digital twin or its aspects(s). Digital access elements can be stored in a distributed registry, for example, as in [the document / context]. Figure 2 and Figure 6As described in the context. The produced output products (such as the produced final products) can be used by the end-product user 110 and can be disposed of upon reaching the end of their lifespan. EOL products can be collected by the EOL product collector 112. The collected EOL products can be sorted. The collected or sorted EOL products can be provided to the recycler 114 or to an entity performing at least one reuse operation.

[0230] Data associated with (multiple) input materials used to produce output products, used output products (such as EOL products), or components thereof can be provided (see box 502). This data can be provided via codes (such as barcodes, QR codes, serial numbers, etc.) linked to (multiple) input materials, used output products, or components thereof. The codes can encode (multiple) distributed identifiers. The codes can encode digital input material identifiers, digital used output product identifiers, or digital component identifiers. If (multiple) input materials, used output products, or components thereof are linked to codes, the output product producer (such as chemical product producer 102 or chemical product user 106) or used output processor (such as recycler 114) can read the codes via a code reader. The code reader can be a smartphone running a code reading application (such as a QR code reader app). Data obtained from the code reading application can be used to determine (multiple) distributed identifiers associated with (multiple) input materials, used output products, or components thereof, such as (see box 502). Figure 6 and Figure 7 The context described above. Data obtained by the code reading application can be used to determine digital input material identifiers, digital legacy output product identifiers, or digital part identifiers. The code reading application can be accessed through a graphical user interface (e.g., Figure 8A The determined data is displayed within the graphical user interface 802 shown. Data associated with (multiple) input materials, used output products, or their components can be provided via serial numbers present on (multiple) input materials, used output products, or their components. If a serial number exists on (multiple) input materials, used output products, or their components, the output product producer (e.g., chemical product producer 102 or chemical product user 106) or the used output processor (e.g., recycler 114) can input the serial number into the application's graphical user interface (e.g., [example application]). Figure 8A The corresponding fields are displayed in the graphical user interface (802) shown below. (See reference) Figure 8AThe graphical user interface 802 may include one or more fields that allow users (such as output product producers or old output processors) to input data. The graphical user interface 802 can be configured to display data obtained by a code-reading application. The graphical user interface 802 may allow the collection of multiple digital twins of (multiple) EOL products or their (multiple) components based on data input by the user or data obtained by the code-reading application. The collection of (multiple) digital twins can be initiated by pressing button 804 on the graphical user interface 802. The collection of (multiple) digital twins may include... Figure 5 Boxes 504 to 510.

[0231] A rule set can be provided, comprising rules configured to transform the provided data based on one or more transformation functions. The rules can define the data points to be transformed and the transformation functions to be used (see box 504). The rule set can further define additional sequences to be added to the data points to be transformed. The rule set can be obtained from the execution... Figure 5 The method is provided by an application-accessible database. The rule set can be provided by (multiple) distributed data provider network nodes. For example, the rule set can be provided via the API of such distributed data provider network nodes. This allows (multiple) transformation functions and optionally appended sequences to be defined per data provider network node, thus avoiding the re-creation of access elements when the transformation function is changed. The rule set can exist within code executed by the application. (Multiple) rules can define (multiple) data points existing within the provided data. (Multiple) rules can define (multiple) values ​​of key-value pairs existing within the provided data. Such data points or values ​​may include: serial numbers of (multiple) input materials, old output products, or their components; input material names, old output product names, old component names, (multiple) specifications of input materials, old output products, or their components; and / or one or more characteristics of input materials, old output products, or their components. (Multiple) transformation functions can be selected from, as in... Figure 2 The context describes (multiple) hash functions.

[0232] Query data can be generated by applying (see box 506) transformation functions(s) included in the provided rule set to at least a portion of the provided data, based on the provided rule set. Query data can also be generated by applying (several) transformation functions(s) included in the provided rule set to at least a portion of the provided data and a random sequence included in the rule set. Applying (several) transformation functions(s) may include calculating one or more hash values ​​of at least a portion of the provided data, such as in... Figure 2As described in the context. For example, a hash value can be calculated by applying a defined hash function (e.g., a hash function defined in a rule set) to a defined data point (e.g., a data point defined in a rule set, such as the defined value of a key-value pair). The defined data point can include serial numbers, names, titles, specifications, and / or characteristics of input materials, old output products, or components thereof. Applying the transformation function can include calculating one or more hash values ​​of at least a portion of the provided data and a random sequence, such as in... Figure 2 As described in the context, for example, a hash value can be calculated by applying a defined hash function (e.g., a hash function defined in a set of rules) to input values ​​that include defined data points and defined random sequences (e.g., random sequences defined in a set of rules). Defined data points can include serial numbers, names, specifications, and / or characteristics of input materials, old output products, or components thereof. Using hash values ​​as query data to collect digital twins avoids the disclosure of sensitive information within the decentralized network, such as the manufacturer's name, customer's name, customer specifications, and / or digital identifiers of the characteristics of input materials, output products, old output products, or components thereof. Therefore, the contents of accessible elements available within the decentralized network can be searched via hash values ​​to implement efficient production and circular economy use cases for output products, such as reuse and / or recycling, while ensuring that sensitive information is not publicly disclosed within the decentralized network without implementing complex access control.

[0233] Based on the generated query data, decentralized identifiers associated with (multiple) input materials, legacy output products, or their components can be collected via a decentralized network (see box 508). The decentralized network can be... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The distributed network 140 described in the context of [the previous sentence is missing]. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The collection of decentralized identifiers, as described in the context, involves identifying decentralized data provider network nodes associated with digital twins of (multiple) input materials, legacy output products, or components thereof, and collecting decentralized identifiers associated with (multiple) input materials and legacy output products from decentralized registries associated with the decentralized data provider network nodes based on query data (e.g., collecting (multiple) decentralized identifiers that match the query data). Decentralized identifiers of components of legacy output products can be collected using decentralized identifiers of legacy output products, as in... Figures 9 to 11As described in the context. This allows for the determination of multiple distributed identifiers for multiple components that are to be processed (e.g., to be reused or recycled) do not contain individual codes or serial numbers, or where such codes or serial numbers can no longer be identified.

[0234] Multiple access elements can be collected via a distributed network based on the collected distributed identifiers(s)(see box 510). Multiple access elements can be collected for each distributed identifier collected in box 508. Multiple access elements can be collected for at least a portion of the multiple distributed identifiers collected in box 508. Access elements may include distributed identifiers, values ​​of transformed data (e.g., multiple hash values), and access data, such as, as in... Figure 4A and Figure 4B As described in the context, access elements can include access data for each aspect of the digital twin (e.g., each dataset with a defined semantic structure contained within the digital twin). This avoids generating multiple access elements for each digital twin, thus reducing the amount of data that needs to be stored. Furthermore, this allows data consumers to select appropriate aspects from the access element data without having to collect multiple access elements for several aspects.

[0235] Characteristic data can be collected via a distributed network based on (multiple) access elements (see box 512). Characteristic data can represent one or more characteristics critical to the production of the output product and / or the processing of old output products or their components (e.g., reuse or recycling). Characteristic data may include data associated with one or more characteristics critical to the production of the output product and / or the processing of old output products or their components (e.g., for reuse or recycling). This can be as follows: Figure 7 Characteristic data can be collected as described in the context. Characteristic data can also be collected by identifying access data associated with the aspect containing the characteristic data and requesting access to said aspect.

[0236] The collected characteristic data can be provided for display (see box 514). The collected characteristic data can be displayed within a graphical user interface, such as... Figure 8B The graphical user interface shown is 806. (Reference) Figure 8B The graphical user interface 806 can display one or more characteristics that are critical to production and / or processing. The graphical user interface 806 can further display data associated with said characteristics, such as quantities.

[0237] Figure 5The method shown allows for the secure and reliable identification of one or more characteristics critical to the production of output products and / or the processing (e.g., reuse or recycling) of older output products or their components via a decentralized network, without disclosing sensitive data such as (multiple) digital identifiers or serial numbers, including manufacturer names, customer names, and / or (multiple) customer specifications. This sensitive data, including (multiple) identifiers or (multiple) serial numbers containing sensitive information, can be obfuscated, for example, by calculating transformed data (e.g., (multiple) hash values) from it. These identifiers or serial numbers can reside on (multiple) input materials, output products, older output products, and components of older output products without implementing complex access controls to prevent all participants in the decentralized network from accessing this sensitive data. Furthermore, the backend systems of participants in the product ecosystem do not need to be adapted to avoid using this sensitive data when generating (multiple) decentralized identifiers and / or when labeling produced output products. Therefore, Figure 5 The method shown achieves efficient production by increasing production volume, improving the quality of the output products, and / or reducing factory downtime and maintenance intervals. Figure 5 The method shown further enables circular economy use cases, such as improved reuse and / or recycling, by reliably identifying characteristics critical to reuse or recycling, while ensuring that sensitive information is not disclosed to all participants in the decentralized network without enforcing complex access restrictions. Additionally, Figure 5 The method shown allows the use of this obfuscated data to query a distributed network for decentralized network participants associated with access elements related to the corresponding characteristic data. This avoids the inability to identify decentralized network participants with the corresponding characteristic data due to a lack of access to the decentralized registry storing such access elements.

[0238] Figure 6 A decentralized system is demonstrated for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical for producing output products from one or more input materials and / or for processing older output products or components thereof. This decentralized system can be used for implementation. Figure 5 The method shown. This distributed system can be used to implement Figure 7 The sequence diagram shown is a portion of the data. This decentralized system can be used to determine multiple decentralized identifiers associated with (multiple) input materials, (multiple) produced output products, (multiple) older output products, or (multiple) components thereof. This decentralized system can be in... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The distributed system 140 described in the context of [the previous sentence]. The output products can correspond to [the previous sentence]. Figure 5 The output product is described in the context of [the relevant context]. The output product can be produced from one or more production inputs, for example, as in [the context of the previous sentence]. Figure 2As described in the context. An older output product or its components can be an older final product or its components, as in... Figure 5 The final product or its components may be as described in the context of the description. Figure 2 Production is carried out as shown. Multiple input materials, produced output products, old output products, or components thereof can be associated with access elements, which include distributed identifiers, transformed data (such as multiple hash values), and access data. Access elements can be as shown in... Figure 2 It is generated as described in the context. An example of this access to elements is... Figure 4A and Figure 4B The access element may further include or relate authentication and / or authorization information linked to the distributed identifier, as shown in [the relevant section]. Figure 2 The access elements are generated as described in the context. Access elements can be provided to the distributed registry 220. The distributed registry 220 can store the access elements.

[0239] Participants in a decentralized network can be associated with decentralized participant identifiers. Each participant in a decentralized network can be associated with one or more decentralized participant identifiers. Decentralized participant identifiers can include any identifier that uniquely associates with a participant in the decentralized network and / or with a production site of a participant in the decentralized network. Decentralized participant identifiers can include letters and / or numbers. Decentralized participant identifiers can include one or more Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) and / or one or more Distributed Identifiers (DIDs). Decentralized participant identifiers can be associated with or include verifiable claims or credentials. Verifiable claims can be issued by a centralized or decentralized identity issuing authority that makes one or more claims to a subject, such as a consumer entity being a trusted participant in the decentralized network. For example, an issuing authority can make claims to a consumer (e.g., an entity operating multiple data-consuming network nodes) associated with a decentralized participant identifier. Verifiable claims can include these claims and proof instructions demonstrating that the claims have not been tampered with and were indeed issued by the claim issuing authority. Verifiable claims can also include duration information metadata that defines the valid period of use of the verifiable claim or defines a specific number of times the verifiable claim is authorized to be used. Verifiable claims may also include the DID of the claim issuing authority and / or entity (such as a consumer entity). Verifiable claims can be issued by the claim issuing authority. The claim issuing authority can provide verifiable claims to claim holders (such as consumers) to present them to any dependent parties that rely on the authenticity of these claims, such as decentralized data providers. The signature of the verifiable claim can be verified using the public key associated with the claim issuing authority to determine that the customer entity is a trusted entity within the decentralized network. Verifiable credentials can be presented by decentralized data consuming network nodes and can be used by decentralized data providing network nodes to verify that the decentralized participant associated with the decentralized data consuming network node is a trusted entity within the decentralized network before providing access to digital twin data (such as feature data), thereby ensuring that digital twins can be exchanged securely and in a controlled manner within the decentralized network.

[0240] Figure 6 The distributed network 140 shown may include different environments, such as infrastructure environment 606, data consumer environment 602, and data provider environment 614. These environments may include one or more nodes. One or more applications (such as consumer app 604) may run on these nodes(s). The nodes(s) may be connected via peer-to-peer communication channels to allow data transfer between nodes, as in... Figure 1 As described in the context. Distributed network 140 may include more than Figure 6 The environment shown is more or less.

[0241] Data consumer environment 602 may include a node running consumer app 604 and consumer node 134 (e.g., distributed data consumption network node 134). Consumer app 604 may be configured to communicate with consumer node 134. Consumer app 604 may be configured to perform multiple authentication processes with consumer node 134. For example, consumer app 604 may access a distributed IAM network node (not shown), and the distributed IAM network node may be configured to provide an access token to consumer app 604 upon successful authentication. Consumer app 604 can use this access token to access consumer node 134. This improves security and prevents unauthorized parties from accessing consumer node 134 and collecting data from the distributed network. Consumer app 604 may include a front-end and a back-end server. The front-end may run on a user device (e.g., a smartphone or desktop computer). The front-end may display a graphical user interface, such as... Figure 8A and Figure 8B As shown in the diagram. The backend server can provide data to the frontend, such as data used to render a graphical user interface and / or data displayed within the graphical user interface. The backend server can communicate with consumer node 134. The backend server can communicate with other environments, such as infrastructure environment 606 and data provider environment 614, as described below. Consumer node 134 can be configured to communicate with one or more applications, such as consumer app 604. Consumer node 134 can be configured to receive data from consumer app 604 and transfer data to consumer app after successful authentication. For example, a user using consumer app 604 may need to register with consumer node 134 before collecting data (such as feature data) from distributed network 140. Consumer node 134 can be configured to collect data stored within distributed network 140, such as endpoints of provider nodes(multiple) of provider nodes(multiple) of access elements(multiple) of provider nodes ... Figure 1 This is related to participants in the product ecosystem shown. For example, data consumer environment 602 may be associated with output product producers (such as chemical product producer 102 or chemical product user 106) who receive (multiple) input materials and use (multiple) input materials to produce (multiple) output products. In another instance, data consumer environment 602 may be associated with recycler 114 who receives old output products or components thereof from collector 112.

[0242] Infrastructure environment 606 may include endpoint resolver 608, participant ID resolver 610, and provider node resolver 612. Infrastructure environment 606 or a portion thereof may be operated by one or more entities that are not part of the product ecosystem. Endpoint resolver 608 may be configured to provide endpoints for participant ID resolver 610 and provider node resolver 612. Endpoint resolver 608 may store such endpoints(s) in a database, for example, associated with or accessible to endpoint resolver 608. Participant ID resolver 610 may be configured to provide distributed participant identifiers(s) based on received keys(s) and / or values(s). Participant ID resolver 610 may store a mapping table that maps distributed participant identifiers(s) to corresponding keys(s) and / or values(s). The mapping table may be stored in a database associated with participant ID resolver 610 or accessible to participant ID resolver 610. Participant ID resolver 610 can be configured to provide multiple decentralized participant identifiers in the event that multiple keys and / or multiple values ​​are not received in a request from consumer app 604. The multiple values ​​may include multiple numeric identifiers, such as multiple input material identifiers, multiple output product identifiers, multiple legacy output product identifiers, or multiple component identifiers. The multiple values ​​may include multiple serial numbers of multiple input materials and multiple produced output products. The multiple values ​​may include multiple decentralized identifiers associated with multiple digital twins of physical goods (such as multiple input materials and multiple output products). Provider node resolver 612 can be configured to provide multiple endpoints of multiple provider nodes based on the received multiple decentralized participant identifiers. Provider node resolver 612 can store a mapping table that maps the multiple decentralized participant identifiers to the endpoints of associated provider nodes. Decentralized participant identifiers can be mapped for each endpoint. For example, if more than one provider node is associated with such a distributed participant identifier, then a distributed participant identifier can be mapped to one or more endpoints of the associated provider(s)(s). Infrastructure environment 606 may not be associated with an output ecosystem (e.g., ...). Figure 1 The participants in the product ecosystem shown are related.

[0243] Data provider environment 614 may include provider node 126, decentralized registry 220, and provider backend 618. Data provider environment 614 may be associated with a data owner (e.g., a manufacturer that produces multiple output products from one or more input materials). Data provider environment 614 may further include a digital twin storage device (not shown, see [link to documentation]) storing digital twins of the produced multiple output products (e.g., assets and one or more associated aspects). Figure 7 (Database 702). The digital twin storage device can be a dedicated storage device associated with the data owner. The data owner can own such a dedicated storage device. The data owner can have access to such a dedicated storage device. Provider node 126 can be configured to provide data, such as access elements stored in the decentralized registry 220, and multiple aspects and multiple associated assets stored in the digital twin storage device. Provider node 126 can be configured to perform multiple authentication and authorization steps before providing data, for example, as referred to later. Figure 7 As described. The distributed registry 220 can be configured to store multiple access elements associated with (multiple) digital twins and provide such access elements to the data provider 126. The provider backend 618 can be configured to generate (multiple) access elements, for example, as in... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As described in the context. The provider backend 618 can be configured to generate digital twins(s), for example, as in... Figure 2 As described in the context above. Provider backend 618 can be configured to provide participant ID resolver 610 with (multiple) keys and / or (multiple) values, along with associated (multiple) distributed participant identifiers. In response to receiving such data from provider backend 618, participant ID resolver 610 can generate mapping data that maps distributed participant identifiers to the provided (multiple) keys and / or (multiple) values. Participant ID resolver 610 can store the generated mapping data in a mapping table, as previously described.

[0244] refer to Figure 7 Consumer app 604 can be configured to initiate a displayed sequence. Consumer app 604 can initiate the displayed sequence upon receiving user input for collecting characteristic data of given input materials, used output products, or components thereof. For example, consumer app 604 can display a graphical user interface 802 and can initiate the displayed sequence upon detecting user input on button 804. Consumer app 604 initiates the sequence upon receiving data associated with input materials, used output products, or components thereof from a code reader, for example, as... Figure 12As described in the context, consumer app 604 can send a request to endpoint resolver 608 to provide endpoints for participant ID resolver 610 and provider node resolver 612. This request can be authenticated. Upon successful authentication, endpoint resolver 608 can provide the requested endpoint data to consumer app 604. The endpoint data can include the URIs, such as URLs, of participant ID resolver 610 and provider node resolver 612, respectively.

[0245] Continue to refer to Figure 7 Upon receiving endpoint data from endpoint resolver 608, consumer app 604 can be configured to request (multiple) distributed participant identifiers from participant ID resolver 610. This request may include (multiple) keys and / or (multiple) values. For example, the request may contain identifiers such as a final product identifier or a part identifier. In another instance, the request may contain serial numbers, such as input material serial numbers, old output product serial numbers, or part serial numbers. The request can be authenticated. Upon successful authentication, participant ID resolver 610 can provide one or more distributed participant identifiers that match the data contained in the received request.

[0246] Continue to refer to Figure 7Upon receiving multiple distributed participant identifiers from participant ID resolver 610, consumer app 604 can be configured to request multiple endpoints of multiple provider nodes associated with the multiple distributed participant identifiers from provider node resolver 612. This request may include one or more distributed participant identifiers received from participant ID resolver 610. The request can be authenticated. Upon successful authentication, provider node resolver 612 can provide one or more endpoints associated with the received multiple distributed participant identifiers. Provider node resolver 612 may provide more than one endpoint for each distributed participant identifier. The multiple endpoints may be multiple URIs, such as multiple URLs of the corresponding provider nodes. In another embodiment (not shown), consumer app 604 can be configured to send a request for such multiple endpoints to consumer node 134, and consumer node 134 can be configured to request such endpoints from provider node resolver 612. This request may include at least a portion of the received distributed participant identifiers. Consumer node 134 can be configured to provide received endpoint(s) to consumer app 604. Consumer node 134 can be configured to request rule(s) from provider node 126 associated with the endpoint(s) received from provider node resolver 612. This request can be sent to the API of provider node 126, which is configured to provide such rule(s), and consumer node 134 can be configured to provide the received rule(s) to consumer app 604.

[0247] Continue to refer to Figure 7 Consumer app 604 can be configured to receive data associated with (multiple) input materials, used output products, or their components, such as in Figure 5 As described in the context (see Figure 5 (Box 502). The consumer app 604 can be configured to generate query data, such as in... Figure 5 As described in the context (see Figure 5(Blocks 504 and 506). Query data can be generated based on rule sets received from consumer node 134. Query data can be generated for each rule set; for example, different query data can be generated for different rule sets. This allows for the generation of query data suitable for different transformation functions used by different data providers when generating access elements. Query data can include one or more transformed data points, such as hash values. For example, query data can include hash values ​​of input material identifiers, old output product identifiers, or component identifiers. Query data can further include data associated with a specific aspect of the digital twin (e.g., multiple datasets). Data associated with a specific aspect can include a sequence defining such an aspect in the access element. Consumer app 604 can be configured to generate a request for collecting distributed identifiers associated with the input material, old output product, or component thereof. The request can include at least a portion of the received endpoints and query data. The request can be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 can be configured to generate one or more requests in response to a request from consumer app 604. The one or more requests may include query data and a decentralized participant identifier associated with consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may be configured to send such requests to endpoint(s) included in requests received from consumer app 604. Provider(s) associated with said endpoint(s) may be associated with input material producers or output product producers.

[0248] The request can be authenticated. This authentication can be based on data associated with an authentication mechanism. The authentication mechanism can be based on (multiple) certificates and / or (multiple) tokens associated with the corresponding distributed participant nodes (e.g., consumer node 134 and provider node 126), such as device certificates (X.509v3), TLS connection certificates (X.509v3), and 'dynamic attribute tokens' (OAuth access tokens). If authentication fails, the corresponding data providers (multiple) may not provide data.

[0249] Continue to refer to Figure 7The (multiple) provider nodes can be configured to query the associated (multiple) decentralized registries 220 to determine whether the associated decentralized registries 220 include (multiple) decentralized identifiers related to the query data contained in the request received from the consumer node 134. Such a query can be executed if authentication is valid. This query can be executed regardless of whether there is a business relationship between the entity requesting the data and the entity providing the data, because the transformed data no longer reveals any sensitive information that can only be exchanged in the presence of a business relationship. This business relationship can be reflected by access permissions implemented within the (multiple) provider nodes and can prevent (multiple) consumer nodes of product ecosystem participants (such as recyclers 114) who have no business relationship with the output product producers and / or output product users 106 from collecting any data possessed by such entities via the (multiple) associated provider nodes. This hinders the exchange of data regarding key chemical and / or physical properties for the production of output products and / or the processing of old output products, thus reducing production efficiency and / or reuse and recycling rates, and therefore reducing circularity.

[0250] Provider nodes(s) that do not possess the determined distributed identifiers associated with the queried data may send a corresponding response to consumer node 134. Provider nodes(s) that do not possess the determined distributed identifiers associated with the queried data may not send any response to consumer node 134. Provider node(s) 126 that possesses the determined distributed identifiers associated with the queried data may initiate contract negotiation with consumer node 134. Provider node 126 may provide an electronic contract to consumer node 134. The electronic contract may include one or more authorization rules associated with the distributed identifiers. The electronic contract may be provided to consumer app 604. Consumer app 604 may display the content of the electronic contract and may request the user to sign the electronic contract. This allows the user to determine the access and usage conditions associated with the desired data. If the user signs the electronic contract, consumer app 604 may provide consumer node 134 with data indicating signing, such as a token. If the user does not sign the electronic contract, consumer app 604 may also forward data indicating rejection of the contract to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 can forward the data to provider node 126. Upon contract rejection, provider node 126 can terminate the connection and may not provide any data. The use of electronic contracts ensures that consumer node 134 and other systems processing the data (such as consumer app 604) adhere to at least one policy associated with the data.

[0251] Provider nodes, possessing a plurality of distributed identifiers associated with the queried data, may provide such distributed identifiers to consumer node 134. These identifiers may be provided upon successful contract negotiation. Consumer node 134 may then provide the received distributed identifiers to consumer app604.

[0252] Continue to refer to Figure 7 Upon receiving multiple distributed identifiers, consumer app 604 can be configured to generate a request for collecting multiple access elements associated with at least a portion of the received multiple distributed identifiers. This request may include the corresponding multiple distributed identifiers. This request can be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 can be configured to request corresponding access elements from multiple provider nodes that provide the multiple distributed identifiers included in the request received from consumer app 604. The request to the multiple corresponding provider nodes may include the multiple distributed identifiers and distributed participant identifiers associated with consumer node 134. Upon receiving the request, multiple provider nodes 126 can collect multiple access elements from the associated distributed registry 220 based on the multiple distributed identifiers included in the received request. The collected access elements can then be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 can then provide the received access elements to consumer app 604.

[0253] Consumer app 604 can be further configured to generate a request for collecting distributed identifiers associated with (multiple) components used to produce the old output product, based on distributed identifiers associated with the old output product, as in Figures 9 to 11 As described in the context. Consumer app 604 can be further configured to generate a request for collecting multiple distributed identifiers associated with multiple chemical products used to produce the old output product or its components, based on distributed identifiers respectively associated with distributed identifiers associated with the old output product or its components, as described in Figures 9 to 11 As described in the context.

[0254] Continue to refer to Figure 7 The consumer app 604 can be configured to display the received access elements(s). These access elements(s) can include, for example, those in... Figure 2The context describes one or more aspects (e.g., multiple datasets). The user can select the appropriate aspect(s) to retrieve. This selection can be determined by consumer app 604, and a corresponding request to retrieve such aspect(s) can be generated. Consumer app 604 can parse the received access element to obtain data related to the aspects contained in the generated query data to determine multiple distributed identifiers matching the additional sequences(s). After determining the multiple distributed identifiers(s), consumer app 604 can generate a request to retrieve the aspect(s) associated with such distributed identifier(s). The request can include the distributed identifier of the digital twin and the multiple associated identifiers of the selected aspect(s). The request can be forwarded to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 can generate a request to collect the aspect(s) from the corresponding provider nodes(s). The request can include the identifiers included in the request received from consumer app 604 and the distributed participant identifier associated with consumer node 134. The request can be provided to the corresponding provider node 126. Consumer node 134 and provider node 126 can be authenticated as described above.

[0255] Provider node 126 can initiate contract negotiation with consumer node 134, as previously described. Contract negotiation can be initiated upon successful authentication. Provider node 126 can collect the requested aspects from digital twin storage device 702 storing digital twins and associated aspects based on distributed identifiers and associated identifiers of aspects(multiple). The aspects(multiple) can be collected upon successful contract negotiation. If the electronic contract is not signed, the peer-to-peer communication channel can be terminated, and the aspects(multiple) can be withheld. The collected aspects(multiple) can be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 can forward the received aspects(multiple) to consumer app 604. The received aspects(multiple) may include characteristic data.

[0256] Consumer app 604 can be configured to store received aspects(s) (e.g., received datasets(s)) in a data storage device. The aspects(s) can be stored according to rules(s) stipulated in a signed electronic contract(s). Consumer app 604 can be configured to display the data in a graphical user interface (e.g., ...). Figure 8B The graphical user interface 806 shown displays at least a portion of the aspect data.

[0257] By transforming sensitive data, this transformed data can be used to query decentralized registries within a decentralized network for access elements associated with data concerning the chemical and / or physical properties critical to the production of output products and / or the processing of old output products or their components, without requiring existing business relationships that allow disclosure of sensitive information between the party querying the decentralized registry and the party associated with such registry. Therefore, the transformed data can be reliably used to identify decentralized network participants possessing data on such chemical and / or physical properties, thereby enabling requests for access to this data from the participants. Sharing this data allows for the customization of production operations, improving both production efficiency and output product quality. Sharing this data allows for the customization of operations associated with the reuse of old output products or their components, thus extending the lifespan of reusable output products or their components while achieving high-quality output products resulting from the reuse operations (multiple reuse operations). Sharing this data allows for the customization of recycling operations to recover old output products or their components, avoiding negative impacts on the quality of the recycled materials due to contamination and consequently, negative impacts on further processing of the recycled materials. This allows for improved recycling of old output products or their components, thereby reducing the overall environmental impact of the product ecosystem.

[0258] Figure 9 An example system is demonstrated for obtaining characteristic data based on multiple distributed identifiers associated with older output products or their components. Older output products can be older end-of-life (EOL) products. Figure 9 The system can be used to collect access elements for (multiple) components used in the production of old output products, and / or to collect access elements for (multiple) chemical products used in the production of old output products or their components, such as in Figure 6 and Figure 7 As described in the context. Characteristic data may include data associated with one or more chemical and / or physical properties that are critical to the processing (e.g., recycling or reuse) of the old output product or its components. The old output product or its components may be associated with, as described in... Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 This is related to the digital twin described in the context of [the previous sentence]. A digital twin may include data related to the production of a legacy output or its components, such as characteristic data (see [the previous sentence]). Figure 2 Data related to the production of old output products can refer to data related to the production of output products that generate old output products (e.g., by using the output products produced).

[0259] Legacy output products or components thereof may be provided in association with access elements as described above. Legacy output products or components thereof may be connected to identifiers, such as those in... Figure 5The identity is described in the context of [the above]. This identity can be read by code reader 906, as in [the context of the above]. Figure 5 The code reader can be a smartphone running an identification application. The identification can be entered by the user within the graphical user interface of an application running on a device 906 (such as a smartphone) (see [reference]). Figure 5 ).

[0260] refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 The code reader 906 or application can be configured to collect distributed identifiers associated with legacy output products or their components from a distributed registry 220 associated with the provider node via consumer nodes and provider nodes (provider nodes and consumer nodes are not shown, see [link]). Figure 6 , Figure 7 The code reader 906 or application can be configured to authenticate to consumer nodes via distributed IAM network node 1 914, as in... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As described in the context. (See reference) Figure 11 The code reader 906 or application can be configured to provide at least a portion of the collected distributed identifier (e.g., UUID1) to the distributed network node 912 via a consumer node. The consumer node can be configured to provide authentication data (e.g., a distributed participant identifier) ​​and optional authentication data (e.g., an access token received from distributed IAM network node 1 914) to the distributed network node 912. The consumer node can be further configured to provide the distributed participant identifier associated with the consumer node to the distributed network node 912.

[0261] Continue to refer to Figure 11 Distributed network node 912 can be configured to utilize distributed IAM network node 1 914 to verify authentication data received from a consumer node associated with a code reader or application. Distributed network node 912 can be configured to identify distributed data providing network nodes (e.g., provider nodes) associated with a provided distributed identifier (e.g., associated with a distributed registry storing access elements including the distributed identifier). Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7The distributed network node 912 can collect (multiple) distributed participant identifiers associated with the (multiple) distributed identifiers from the participant ID resolver 610. The distributed network node 912 can collect (multiple) endpoints of the (multiple) provider nodes associated with the (multiple) distributed participant identifiers from the provider node resolver 612. The distributed network node 912 can be configured to collect access elements associated with the (multiple) distributed identifiers from the provider nodes, for example, as in... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As described in the context of [the above]. Distributed network node 912 can parse received access elements(s) to determine aspects(s) contained within the received access element data. Distributed network node 912 can filter the determined aspects(s) to determine data related to relational datasets(s) associated with (e.g., aspects defining the relationship between an old output product or its components and materials used to prepare such output product or its components via the corresponding distributed identifiers). Data associated with relational datasets may include distributed relational representation identifiers and digital representations pointing to the corresponding relational datasets (e.g., access data). The digital representations pointing to relational datasets may point to provider nodes associated with the corresponding relational datasets. For example, data associated with relational datasets associated with a final product may include digital representations pointing to provider nodes associated with producers of materials used to produce the output product (e.g., components or component assemblies). Distributed network node 912 or a distributed data consuming network node (not shown) associated with said distributed network node 912 can be configured to request relational datasets(s) associated with (e.g., distributed relational representation identifiers) from the corresponding data providers, for example, as in [the above context]. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As described in the context, the distributed network node 912 or a distributed data consumption network node (not shown) associated with the distributed network node 912 can be configured to collect production-related data, such as feature data.

[0262] refer to Figure 10The relational dataset 1016 associated with the digital twin 1014 of the old output product may include a distributed output product identifier (ID6) and a distributed component identifier (ID5). The relational dataset can be included in the digital twin 1014 of the old output product. The relational dataset can define the relationships between the corresponding identifiers, for example, via parent-child relationships. For instance, the relational dataset 1016 may define the distributed output product identifier (ID6) as the parent identifier and the distributed component identifier (ID5) as the child identifier. The relational dataset 1016 can allow the identification of the components used to produce the old output product. This can allow the determination of characteristic data associated with the components(s) used to produce the output product when receiving an old output product or a discarded output product that no longer necessarily contains a distributed component identifier.

[0263] The digital twin 1014 of the old output product can be associated with the digital twin of the component 1002 used to produce the output product via a relational dataset 1016. The digital twin of the component may include a relational dataset 1012 containing a distributed component identifier (ID5), a distributed identifier associated with a first chemical product (ID3), and a distributed identifier associated with a second chemical product used to produce the component (ID4). Therefore, via the distributed final product identifier, access to data related to the production of the final product (e.g., characteristic data) and data related to the production of the component used to produce the final product (e.g., characteristic data) can be collected, as in... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As described in the context.

[0264] The digital twin of component 1002 can be associated with the digital twins of the first chemical product 1010 and the second chemical product 1024 via relational dataset 1012. The digital twin of the first chemical product 1010 can then be associated with the digital twin 1028 of the (multiple) input materials via relational dataset 1026, which includes a distributed identifier (ID3) associated with the first chemical product and a distributed identifier (ID1) associated with (multiple) input materials (e.g., (multiple) raw materials) used to produce the chemical product. The digital twins of the first and second products 1024 can then be associated with the digital twin 1032 of the (multiple) input materials via relational dataset 1030, which includes a distributed identifier (ID4) associated with the second chemical product and a distributed identifier (ID2) associated with (multiple) input materials (e.g., (multiple) raw materials) used to produce the chemical product.

[0265] Return to reference Figure 9 And continue to refer to Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 11Distributed network node 912 can be configured to parse collected relational datasets to determine distributed sub-identifiers included in the relational datasets. Distributed network node 912 can be configured to collect access elements associated with the distributed sub-identifiers. Distributed network node 912 can be configured to parse access element data to determine access data associated with the distributed sub-identifiers and corresponding aspects including production-related data (such as feature data). Using the distributed sub-identifiers and access data, distributed network node 912 or a distributed data consuming network node (not shown) associated with distributed network node 912 can be configured to collect corresponding aspects from the determined provider nodes.

[0266] In this example, distributed network node 912 can receive a distributed identifier associated with legacy or obsolete output products from code reader 906 or an application running on device 906. Distributed network node 912 can identify the provider(s) associated with the distributed identifier, such as in... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As described in the context. Distributed network node 912 can collect access elements associated with the distributed identifier, such as in... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The access element can be associated with a digital twin of the legacy output. The digital twin of the legacy output can be stored on a dedicated storage environment (e.g., DT storage device 3 918) associated with a provider node that is the producer of the output or the owner of the digital twin data. The distributed network node 912 can parse the access element data to determine aspect data representing the relationship between the legacy output and the input materials (e.g., multiple parts and component assemblies) used to produce the output. This aspect can correspond to the relational dataset previously described. The aspect data can include aspect identifiers and access data pointing to the provider node (e.g., provider node 128) associated with the relational dataset. The distributed network node 912 or a distributed data consuming network node associated with the distributed network node 912 can be configured to collect the relational dataset from provider node 128 using aspect identifiers and access data, as described in [the original text]. Figure 6 and Figure 7As described in the context above. A distributed network node 912 or a distributed data consuming network node associated with distributed network node 912 can be configured to access component data, particularly feature data, from provider node 126 based on distributed component identifiers included in the relational dataset. This can include determining provider node 126 based on distributed component identifiers as previously described, collecting associated access elements as previously described, determining access data associated with aspects including feature data, and collecting feature data using associated aspect identifiers and access data (see [link to documentation]). Figure 6 and Figure 7 Access to feature data can be authorized based on a decentralized participant identifier provided by the consumer node. Access to feature data can be controlled by the provider node 126 associated with the feature data. This ensures that feature data can only be accessed by authorized participants in the product ecosystem, thus preventing uncontrolled access to feature data.

[0267] Distributed network node 912 can be configured to retrieve, for example, distributed identifiers associated with input materials used to produce components (such as various chemical products) from multiple relational datasets collected via aspect data representing the relationship between components and multiple input materials. Aspect data can be included in the collected access elements associated with the components. Distributed network node 912 can be configured to retrieve, from the collected multiple relational datasets, multiple distributed identifiers associated with input materials used to produce components. As previously described, distributed network node 912 can be configured to use the determined multiple distributed identifiers to collect one or more access elements associated with said multiple distributed identifiers. Distributed network node 912 or distributed data consuming network node can be configured to collect, for example, multiple relational datasets from provider node 124 associated with a chemical product producer and a dedicated storage device 916 containing chemical product data associated with the corresponding chemical product. As previously described, distributed network node 912 or distributed data consuming network node can be configured to access chemical product data.

[0268] The same procedure can be performed for multiple production inputs used to produce the chemical product. Therefore, the distributed network node 912 can be configured to determine a bill of materials tree associated with the final product based on accessed relational datasets and links between the production inputs and multiple distributed identifiers of the resulting product. The bill of materials tree can represent the relationships between all production inputs used to produce the output product. Therefore, recursively determining the multiple distributed identifiers using relational representations allows for the acquisition of characteristic data for at least a portion of the production inputs. As previously described, this characteristic data may include or represent one or more chemical and / or physical properties critical for reuse or recycling.

[0269] The characteristic data collected by the distributed network node 912 can be provided to the code reader 906 or an application running on the device 906. The collected characteristic data can be used to control the sorting and / or reuse or recycling of old output products or their components. The collected characteristic data can be used to determine the cleaning and / or maintenance operations to be performed on the old output products or their components. Figures 9 to 11 The concepts described in the context can also be used to collect characteristic data associated with the production input(s) used to produce the output product. For example, based on the distributed identifier(s) associated with the production input(s), the materials used to produce such production input(s) and the associated characteristic data can be determined. The collected characteristic data can be used to control the production of the output product.

[0270] Figure 12 An example of a system is illustrated for accessing characteristic data associated with the output product or its components by the downstream nodes associated with the downstream participants involved in processing the output product or its components. Figure 12 The system shown can be used in participant networks (e.g., in...) Figure 1 In the context of the participant network described, participants exchange data, such as characteristic data associated with (multiple) input materials, (multiple) output products, (multiple) old output products, or their (multiple) components. Figure 12 The description of characteristic data associated with a component in the context also applies to characteristic data associated with (multiple) input materials used to produce (multiple) output products and / or characteristic data associated with (multiple) output products.

[0271] In order to, for example Figure 1 The participant network shown exchanges characteristic data, which can generate a digital twin associated with the component. This component can be manufactured by discrete production 214, as in... Figure 2As described in the context of [the previous sentence], a digital twin can be a digital representation of a physical entity of a component, accompanied by a semantic description(s) defining the physical entity of the component. Thus, a digital twin of a physical entity of a component is a digital version of that physical entity. Once created, a digital twin can be used to represent the physical entity of a component in a digital representation of a real-world system. A digital twin can be uniquely linked to a physical component via an identifier. A digital twin can be created such that it is identical in form and behavior to the corresponding component. Furthermore, a digital twin can reflect characteristics of a component, for example, during its production and / or lifespan. For example, sensors can capture real-time (or near real-time) data from a physical component, such as transportation or usage data, to relay it back to a remote digital twin. The digital twin can then be updated to maintain its correspondence with the physical entity of the component. Therefore, a digital twin can represent the current state of the physical entity of a component at any given time.

[0272] A digital twin of a component can include distributed identifiers and component data. Component data can include characteristic data, such as... Figure 2 The digital twin is described in the context of [the above]. A digital twin can be generated by a data owner (e.g., chemical product user 106) of data related to the production of a component. A digital twin can be generated on behalf of the data owner. A digital twin can be generated by: collecting data related to the production of the component; applying one or more data models to the collected data to generate component data; and linking the generated component data to a decentralized identifier. Access to the digital twin or a portion thereof generated from said data can be controlled by the data owner via the decentralized identifier and its unique association with the digital twin (and therefore with the component and component data) and optionally the data owner. This contrasts with a centralized agency scheme, in which the identifier is provided by such a centralized agency, and access to the data is controlled by such a centralized agency. The digital twin can be stored in a database associated with the data owner of the digital twin, or stored in the database of the data owner of the digital twin. The digital twin can be stored in the database of the data owner for access by (multiple) data consumers. The database can be accessed by the data owner of the digital twin. Access to the database can be controlled by the data owner of the digital twin, for example, via the decentralized identifier. Access to the database can be controlled by the digital twin's data owner, for example, based on a distributed identifier via a data provision network node associated with the data owner.

[0273] Distributed identifiers can be linked to (multiple) other distributed identifiers based on the physical relationship between a component and other physical entities (e.g., those entities used to produce the component or those produced from the component), for example, as in... Figures 9 to 11As described in the context, in this way, the decentralized participant nodes of a decentralized network can be able to interpret the relationships between decentralized identifiers corresponding to the physical relationships between physical components and other physical entities. The linking of decentralized identifiers with other decentralized product identifiers allows the identification of the decentralized participant nodes that store data associated with products produced using the component or the input materials used to produce the component. Decentralized identifiers can be numeric identifiers or virtual identifiers, such as those that may not correspond to physical identifiers physically attached to the component.

[0274] Distributed identifiers can be assigned to physical identifiers connected to components. The connection between a physical identifier and a component can be provided via a physical connection to the physical component. For example, a physical identifier can be linked to a component. A physical identifier can have a one-to-one correspondence with a virtual identity or component via a physical connection to the component. A physical identifier can be physically attached to a component via an identifier element. A physical identifier or physical identifier element can refer to any virtual or physical arrangement that associates a distributed identifier with a component. A physical identifier can be any identifier for a component, such as a serial number or part number. Physical identifier elements can include passive or active elements, such as QR codes, RFID tags, but are not limited to these. A physical identifier element can be a physical identifier physically connected to a component. Identifier elements can include markings embedded in the component, barcodes, QR codes, tags similar to RFID tags, or similar physical arrangements that allow for digital identification of the component.

[0275] Multiple digital access elements can be generated to allow access to component data or a portion thereof via a distributed network 134, for example, such as Figure 2 As described in the context, digital access elements can be provided to distributed registry nodes, such as distributed registry 220. Distributed registry nodes can store distributed access element identifiers and associated access data. Access to distributed registry 220 can be controlled by the data owner of the component data associated with such access element. Access to distributed registry 220 can be controlled via distributed data providing node 126. Access to distributed registry 220 can be controlled based on distributed participant identifiers associated with distributed data consuming nodes associated with data consumers. This allows filtering of data consuming nodes requesting access to distributed registry 220.

[0276] This component can be manufactured by a production line, for example, as in... Figure 2As described in the context. Production can be discrete production. Production can be operated by chemical product user 106. Components produced by chemical product user 106 can be provided to recycler 114 via EOL product collector 112, which collects and sorts end-of-life products. The EOL product collector can disassemble the end-of-life products and can provide the disassembled components to recycler 114. Recycler 114 can process (e.g., recycle) the supplied components to produce recycled material. Components can be linked to codes, such as barcodes or QR codes. Codes can encode component identifiers. Codes can encode decentralized identifiers. Codes can further encode digital representations pointing to data-providing nodes associated with material data (e.g., node 126 and / or decentralized participant identifiers associated with such nodes). Codes can further encode digital representations pointing to consumer app 604. Recycler 114 receiving the components can read the codes via code reader 1224. Code reader 1224 can be a smartphone running a code reading application (e.g., a QR code reader app). The code reading application can be configured to determine material identifiers. The code reading application can be configured to determine distributed material identifiers. The code reading application can be further configured to determine a numerical representation pointing to a data providing node or consumer app 604. The code reading application can be configured to display data, such as identifiers(s) and / or numerical representations(s). The code reading application can be configured to provide data to consumer app 604, such as component identifiers or distributed identifiers and optionally numerical representations and / or distributed participant identifiers.

[0277] Consumer app 604 may have a client-server relationship with code reader 1224, where code reader 1224 acts as the client and consumer app 604 acts as the server. Consumer app 604 may be configured to provide data to code reader 1224, such as collected decentralized identifiers and / or collected digital twins or portions thereof. Code reader 1224 may be configured to display such data, for example, within a graphical user interface. Consumer app 604 may connect to decentralized data consumption network nodes, such as node 134, which are part of decentralized network 134. Node 134 may be associated with a recycling facility that processes (multiple) waste products or (multiple) components thereof. Node 134 may be associated with an entity operating the recycling facility (such as recycler 114). Node 134 may be configured to determine (multiple) provider nodes, such as node 126, associated with the producer of the component based on data received from code reader 1224 and / or consumer app 604. For example, node 134 can be configured to send data to the infrastructure environment 606 of the distributed network 134 (not shown, see [link to component identifier]) based on the distributed participant identifiers of the data providers(s) ... Figure 6 This query retrieves the endpoints of (multiple) provider nodes (e.g., node 134). The (multiple) distributed participant identifiers of the (multiple) data providers can be determined by the consumer app 604, as shown in... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As described in the context.

[0278] Consumer app 604 can be configured to generate query data to query distributed registries, such as distributed registry 220, associated with multiple endpoints acquired by provider nodes (e.g., node 126). The query data can be as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 7 The query data can be generated as described in the context. It can be generated based on the rule set(s) received from consumer node 134. This request can be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 can be configured to send such a query to the endpoint(s) of the provider nodes(s) included in the request received from consumer app 604 (e.g., node 126) (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 12Step [2]). These queries can be authenticated. Such authentication can be based on data associated with an authentication mechanism. The authentication mechanism can be based on (multiple) certificates and / or (multiple) tokens associated with the corresponding decentralized participant nodes (e.g., consumer node 134 and provider node 126), such as device certificates (X.509v3), TLS connection certificates (X.509v3), and 'dynamic attribute tokens' (OAuth access tokens). If authentication fails, the corresponding (multiple) data providers may not provide query results. Further authorization queries can be granted. Such authorization can be based on or associated with an authorization mechanism. The authorization mechanism can be based on (multiple) decentralized participant identifiers of (multiple) data consumers who are allowed access to the decentralized registry 220, for example, as in Figure 7 As described in the context.

[0279] If authentication is successful, or if authentication and authorization are successful, then (multiple) provider nodes (e.g., node 126) can be configured to query associated (multiple) decentralized registries (e.g., decentralized registry 220) to determine whether the associated decentralized registry includes (multiple) decentralized identifiers related to the query data included in the query received from consumer node 134 (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 12 Steps [3], [4]). Provider nodes 126 that do not possess the determined distributed identifiers associated with the query data may send a corresponding response to consumer nodes 134, or may not send any response to consumer nodes 134. Provider nodes 126 that possess the determined distributed identifiers associated with the query data may return such distributed identifiers to consumer nodes 134 (see...). Figure 12 Step [5]). Consumer node 134 can provide such distributed identifiers to consumer app 604.

[0280] Consumer app 604 can be configured to generate a request for collecting access elements associated with the distributed identifiers upon receiving the distributed identifiers from consumer node 134. This request may include the distributed identifiers received from consumer node 134. This request can be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 can be configured to request corresponding access elements from provider node 126, which has already provided the distributed material identifiers in step [5] (see [link]). Figure 12Step [6]). Requests to (multiple) corresponding provider nodes 126 may include (multiple) distributed identifiers and distributed participant identifiers associated with consumer node 134. Upon receiving a request, (multiple) provider nodes 126 may collect (multiple) access elements from the associated distributed registry 220 based on (multiple) distributed identifiers included in the received request. The collected (multiple) access elements may then be provided to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may provide the received (multiple) access elements to consumer app 604. Consumer app 604 may store the access elements in a storage device (such as storage device 1220) associated with the server.

[0281] Consumer app 604 can be configured to parse received access elements(s). The access elements(s)(s)(s)(s)(s)(s)(s)(s)(s))(s)(s)(s))(s)(s)(s))(s)(s)(s))(s)(s)(s))(s)(s)(s))(s)(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s)(s))(s))(s)(s))(s))(s)(s))(s))(s))(s))(s))(s))(s)))))))))))))))))))))))))); the consumer app 604) can be configured to parse received access elements(s)(s)(s))(s))(s))))))))))))))))(s / ))))))(s / )))))))))))))""")))))""")))"""))))""" """),"")")))))" ...

[0282] Provider node 126 can determine whether an entity associated with consumer node 134 is authorized to access the requested feature data based on the distributed participant identifier associated with consumer node 134. This allows filtering of consumer nodes requesting access to such feature data based on the associated distributed participant identifier, thereby improving security and ensuring that unauthorized data consumers cannot access the feature data even if they are authorized to access the access element. Provider node 126 can collect the requested feature data from database 702 based on the distributed identifier(s) received from consumer node 134 (see [link to database 702]). Figure 12 Steps [7], [8]). Provider node 126 may collect the requested feature data when consumer node 134 successfully authorizes. Provider node 126 may provide the collected feature data to consumer node 134 (see steps [7], [8]). Figure 12 Step [9]). Provider node 126 may apply policy data defining (multiple) permissions, (multiple) obligations, and / or (multiple) prohibitions for data consumers to process the feature data to the collected feature data before providing the collected feature data to consumer node 134. Consumer node 134 may provide the received feature data to consumer app 604. Consumer app 6040 is configured to store such received feature data in storage device 1220 (see step [9]). Figure 12 Steps

[10] and

[11] ).

[0283] Through access elements, multiple representations for accessing characteristic data can be made available to multiple data consumers within a distributed network. Access to the characteristic data can be controlled by the data owner of the characteristic data via a distributed identifier, thereby allowing the data owner to control access to the characteristic data via the distributed identifier by multiple distributed data consumer network nodes existing within the distributed network. In this way, characteristic data can be shared directly among participants in the product ecosystem in a secure and reliable manner through a unique association with the component and without the need for a central intermediary. This disclosure has also been described in conjunction with various preferred embodiments and examples. However, other variations will be understood and implemented by those skilled in the art and those practicing the claimed invention through a study of the drawings, this disclosure, and the claims.

[0284] Any steps presented in this document can be performed in any order. The methods disclosed herein are not limited to a specific order of these steps. Nor is it required that different steps be performed in a particular place or on a particular computing node in a distributed system; that is, each step can be performed on different computing nodes using different devices / data processing.

[0285] As used herein, "determine" also includes "initiating or causing determination," "generate" also includes "initiating and / or causing generation," and "provide" also includes "initiating or causing determination, generation, selection, sending, and / or receiving." "Initiating or causing an action" includes any processing signal that triggers a computing node or device to perform a corresponding action.

[0286] In the claims and specification, the word "comprising" or "including" or similar wording does not exclude other elements or steps and should not be construed as limiting oneself to the listed elements or steps. The indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude multiple. A single element or other unit may perform the function of several entities or items recited in the claims. The fact that certain measures are recited only in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used in advantageous implementations or that additional elements may be included.

[0287] Within the scope of this disclosure, provision may include any interface configured to provide data. This may include application programming interfaces, human-machine interfaces (such as displays), and / or software module interfaces. Provision may include transmitting or submitting data to the interface, particularly displaying data to a user or having data used by a receiving entity.

[0288] Any disclosures and embodiments described herein relate to the methods, systems, apparatuses, devices, chemicals, materials, services, uses, and computer program elements listed above, and vice versa. Advantageously, the benefits provided by any embodiments and examples also apply to all other embodiments and examples, and vice versa.

Claims

1. A method, particularly a computer-implemented method, for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the production of an output product from one or more input materials, the method comprising the steps of: - Collect data related to the production of the output product, wherein the data related to the production includes characteristic data related to the at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the production of the output product; - Provide one or more distributed identifiers associated with the output product; - Provides a rule set that includes one or more rules configured to transform production-related data based on one or more transformation functions; - Transform at least a portion of the collected production-related data based on the provided rule set; - Generate access data associated with this feature data; - Generate an access element, which includes the one or more distributed identifiers, at least a portion of the transformed data, and access data associated with the feature data; - Provide the access element to the distributed network so that the feature data can be accessed by one or more data consuming network nodes of the distributed network under the control of the data providing network node associated with the producer of the output product.

2. A method, particularly a computer-implemented method, for enabling access to at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing of a legacy output product or its components, comprising the steps of: - Collect data related to the production of the old output product or its components, wherein the production-related data includes characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical to the processing of the old output product or its components; - Provide one or more distributed identifiers associated with the old output product or its components; - Provides a rule set that includes one or more rules configured to transform production-related data based on one or more transformation functions; - Transform at least a portion of the collected production-related data based on the provided rule set; - Generate access data associated with this feature data; - Generate an access element, which includes the one or more distributed identifiers, at least a portion of the transformed data, and access data associated with the feature data; - Provide the access element to the distributed network so that the feature data can be accessed by one or more data consuming network nodes of the distributed network under the control of the data providing network node associated with the producer of the old output product or its components.

3. The method as described in claim 1, wherein, The characteristic data relating to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic that is critical to the production of the output product and / or the processing of the old output product or its components was collected before, during, and / or after the production of the output product by the producer of the output product, or before, during, and / or after the production of the old output product by the producer of the old output product, or before, during, and / or after the production of the component by the producer of the component.

4. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The data related to the production includes input data associated with one or more production inputs used to produce the output product, the old output product, or a component thereof, particularly the distributed identifier(s), and / or the output product identifier(s), and / or the old output product identifier(s), or the component identifier(s) associated with the one or more production inputs.

5. The method as described in any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The one or more transformation functions include one or more hash functions.

6. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, wherein, Transforming at least a portion of the collected production-related data includes calculating one or more hash values ​​by applying one or more hash functions to one or more data points included in the collected production-related data based on a provided set of rules.

7. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, wherein, The characteristic data includes one or more characteristic datasets specifying at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic that is critical to the production of the output product through chemical and / or physical production processes, and / or wherein the characteristic data includes one or more datasets associated with at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic that is critical to the production of the output product, per production process and / or per decentralized participant identifier associated with a data consumption network node that accesses the characteristic data.

8. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein, This characteristic data includes one or more characteristic datasets specifying at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to the recovery of the old output product or its components through chemical and / or physical and / or thermal recovery processes, and / or wherein, The characteristic data includes one or more characteristic datasets that specify at least one chemical and / or physical property that is critical for the reuse of the old output product or its components through maintenance and / or cleaning and / or refurbishment processes.

9. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein, The characteristic data includes one or more datasets associated with each decentralized participant identifier linked to a data consumption network node accessing the characteristic data, and at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to the recycling of the old output product or its components, and / or wherein... The characteristic data includes one or more datasets associated with at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic that is critical to the reuse of the old output product or its components, by each decentralized participant identifier associated with each reuse process and / or by each data consumption network node that accesses the characteristic data.

10. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, wherein, The access element further includes access data associated with relational data that specifies (multiple) production input materials used to produce the output product, the old output product, or its components, and (multiple) relationships between the produced output product, the old output product, or its components.

11. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, wherein, The access element relates to authorization rules that grant access to the characteristic data based on the recycling process, recyclable usage, and / or decentralized participant identifiers. The access element is provided for one or more data consuming network nodes associated with one or more recyclers performing one or more recycling processes to access characteristic data, including at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to recycling, based on the recycling process, recyclable usage, and / or decentralized participant identifiers.

12. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, wherein, The access element relates to authorization rules that grant access to the characteristic data based on the reuse process and / or decentralized participant identifier, wherein the access element is provided for one or more data consuming network nodes associated with one or more entities performing one or more reuse processes to access characteristic data including at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic critical to reuse, based on the reuse process and / or decentralized participant identifier.

13. The method as described in any of the preceding claims further includes the step of generating relational access elements based on one or more distributed identifiers associated with one or more production inputs used to produce the output product, the old output product, or a component thereof.

14. A method, particularly a computer-implemented method, for accessing at least one chemical and / or physical property critical to the processing of an output product from one or more input materials and / or for a previously produced output product or a component thereof, comprising the steps of: - Provide data associated with the input material(s) or the old output product or its components. - Provide a set of rules that includes one or more rules configured to transform data associated with (multiple) input materials and / or output products based on one or more transformation functions; - Generate query data by transforming at least a portion of the provided data based on the provided rule set; -Based on the generated query data, one or more decentralized identifiers are collected via a decentralized network to associate with the (multiple) input materials, the old output product, or its components. - One or more access elements are collected via the distributed network based on the collected distributed identifier(s), wherein the one or more access elements are generated and / or provided by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13. - Based on the access data associated with the characteristic data and included in the collected access elements, access is requested via the distributed network for characteristic data related to at least one chemical and / or physical characteristic that is critical to the production of the output product and / or the processing of the old output product or its components.

15. An output associated with an access element generated and provided by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

Images