Straw smashing, turning, burying and returning integrated equipment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of straw returning equipment, and particularly relates to straw smashing, turning, burying and returning integrated equipment which comprises a rhizome separation assembly, a smashing assembly, a returning and burying assembly and the like, the rhizome separation assembly is used for conducting rhizome separation on straw, and the smashing assembly is used for conducting raking smashing on the straw subjected to rhizome separation; and the re-burying assembly is used for digging a groove in a new soil layer below the straw fragments and transferring and deeply burying the straw fragments mixed with the soil into the groove for new soil covering and burying. According to the invention, the burying assembly which is only next to the rear side of the soil turning assembly can be used for digging a deep groove in the earth surface and deeply burying the crushed straws fully and uniformly mixed with the soil into the groove for covering with new soil, so that the microbial degradation efficiency after the straws are changed and returned to the field is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of straw return equipment, and particularly relates to an integrated straw crushing, turning, and burying equipment for returning straw to the field. Background Technology

[0002] The main function of a straw crushing and returning machine is to crush upright or lodged crop straw into small pieces and distribute them evenly in the field, achieving direct straw return. This process not only reduces environmental pollution and resource waste caused by straw burning, but also provides the soil with abundant nutrients and energy, which is beneficial to crop seedling growth and thus increases grain yield. In addition, straw returning to the field can also improve low- and medium-yield fields, effectively protect the ecological environment, and reduce the incidence of crop diseases and pests.

[0003] Most existing straw crushing and returning machines simply separate and crush upright straw by impacting it with blades. The resulting crushed straw and stubble particles are relatively large, leading to low efficiency in microbial decomposition and fermentation after straw is returned to the field.

[0004] In addition, existing straw crushing and returning machines simply spread the crushed straw on the shallow surface layer instead of burying it deeply, which also results in low efficiency of microbial decomposition and fermentation of the crushed straw.

[0005] This invention designs an integrated equipment for crushing, turning over, and returning straw to the field to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to address the problems existing in current straw returning equipment by providing an integrated straw crushing, turning, and burying device. This device uses a root and stem separation component to separate the roots and stems of upright or lodged straw. This component can be stored when root and stem separation of fine straw is not required and unfolded when separation of coarser straw is needed. The turning component effectively crushes the stubble below the soil surface and evenly mixes the crushed straw and root fragments with the shallow topsoil, increasing the contact area between the straw fragments and the soil, thereby effectively improving the biodegradation efficiency after straw returning to the field. The burying component deeply buries the straw fragments, which are thoroughly and evenly mixed with the soil, in trenches and covers them with new soil, effectively improving the microbial degradation efficiency after straw returning to the field. The leveling component effectively crushes and levels the soil clods in the new soil used to cover the straw fragments in the trenches after the burying component is removed, improving the effectiveness of covering the straw fragments with new soil.

[0007] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions: An integrated equipment for crushing, plowing, and returning straw to the field, used for crushing and returning straw to the field, includes: The root and stem separation assembly, located on the front side inside the dust cover, is used to separate the roots and stems of the straw. The root and stem separation assembly has a joint feature that can be unfolded when it is necessary to separate the roots and stems of coarse straw and can be retracted when it is not necessary to separate the roots and stems of fine straw. The dust cover is hinged to the fixed frame at the rear of the locomotive via a traction frame on its front side. A first hydraulic cylinder that drives the dust cover to rise and fall is hinged between the traction frame and the rear of the locomotive.

[0008] Three crushing components arranged in an inverted triangle pattern are located behind the root and stem separation component to harrow and crush the straw after root and stem separation. The soil turning component, located behind the crushing component, is used to crush the stubble and mix the straw and stubble evenly with the soil.

[0009] The backfilling component, located behind the soil turning component, is used to dig trenches in the new soil layer below the straw fragments and transfer the straw fragments mixed with the soil to the trenches for deep burial with new soil.

[0010] The leveling component, located behind the burial assembly, is used to move and support the dust cover and to crush and level the soil clods covered with straw fragments.

[0011] The drive assembly is used to establish a transmission connection between the drive shaft at the rear of the locomotive and the root and stem separation assembly, crushing assembly, soil turning assembly, backfilling assembly, and leveling assembly.

[0012] In one embodiment, the root and stem separation assembly includes a rotating seat, which is rotatably mounted on the front side of a dustproof shell via first end shafts at both ends. A first gear is mounted on the first end shaft, and the first gear meshes with a second gear on the output shaft of a first motor outside the dustproof shell. The rotating seat has several horizontally evenly distributed circular holes, and a rotating sleeve is rotatably mounted in each of the circular holes. A rotating rod is slidably mounted axially inside the rotating sleeve. One end of the rotating rod has a conical tip and a first ring sleeve. Several first cutter holders are evenly arranged circumferentially on the first ring sleeve. An arc-shaped first cutter is inserted into the first cutter holder and fixed with bolts. The inner arc side of the first cutter has a serrated edge. The other end of all the rotating rods is provided with a synchronizing rod that rotates with them. A second hydraulic cylinder is connected between the synchronizing rod and the rotating seat to drive all the rotating rods to move synchronously axially. The rotating seat is provided with a synchronizing structure that makes all the rotating rods rotate synchronously.

[0013] In one embodiment, the synchronization structure includes a third gear disposed on a rotating sleeve, the two third gears on the rotating sleeves being connected by a fourth gear disposed on a rotating base, a fifth gear disposed on the rotating sleeve located on the side, the fifth gear meshing with a sixth gear disposed on a rotating base via a first rotating shaft, a seventh gear disposed on the first rotating shaft meshing with an eighth gear disposed on a rotating base, and the eighth gear being connected to a drive assembly.

[0014] In one embodiment, the crushing assembly includes a first rotating column, which is rotatably mounted inside a dustproof housing via second end shafts at both ends. The first rotating column is provided with several rings of second cutter holders evenly distributed along the axial direction. An arc-shaped second cutter is inserted into the second cutter holder and fixed with bolts. The inner arc side of the second cutter is provided with a serrated edge.

[0015] In one embodiment, the soil-turning assembly includes a second rotating column, which is rotatably mounted inside a dustproof housing via third end shafts at both ends. Several rings of third cutter holders are evenly distributed along the axial direction on the second rotating shaft. Soil-turning blades are inserted into the third cutter holders, and the bending direction of the soil-turning portion of adjacent soil-turning blades in each ring of the soil-turning blades is opposite.

[0016] In one embodiment, the burial assembly includes a second rotating shaft rotatably disposed within a dustproof shell and transmittedly connected to a drive assembly, and a support frame vertically sliding within a first guide sleeve on the outside of the dustproof shell. The bottom of the support frame is provided with a separation plate that moves vertically within the dustproof shell. The separation plate has several horizontally evenly distributed movable square holes. On both sides of each movable square hole are guide grooves that guide straw fragments entering from the front of the separation plate to the rear side of the movable square hole. The front end of the separation plate is provided with a soil-shoveling plate. The soil-shoveling plate has several guide corner plates that correspond one-to-one with the movable square holes and guide the entering straw fragments to the guide grooves on both sides of the movable square holes. The rear end of the separation plate is provided with several retaining grooves corresponding to the movable square holes. The lower end of the retaining groove is provided with a guide plate that guides the soil entering from the front to the bottom discharge port on the rear side. The second rotating shaft is provided with several trenching wheels corresponding to the movable square holes and located in the movable square holes. Several trenching grooves are evenly opened along the circumference of the rim of the trenching wheel, which digs trenches from below the separation plate and uses centrifugal force to transfer the excavated soil to the corresponding retaining grooves on the rear side. On both sides of the trenching wheel, there are two tapping components that are fixed to the top of the dustproof shell by tapping the sides of the trenches that move at the top position to loosen the soil in the trenches.

[0017] In one embodiment, the striking assembly includes a second guide sleeve fixed to the lower end of the fixed rod. A round-headed striking block that cooperates with the wedge block on the corresponding side of the excavation trench is slidably disposed inside the second guide sleeve along the second rotating shaft. A reset spring is disposed inside the second guide sleeve to make the striking block slide outward and reset.

[0018] In one embodiment, racks are provided on the middle of both sides of the support frame, and the two racks mesh with the two ninth gears at both ends of the third rotating shaft. The third rotating shaft is rotatably disposed inside the dustproof housing, and a tenth gear is provided at one end of the third rotating shaft. The tenth gear meshes with the eleventh gear on the output shaft of the second motor outside the dustproof housing.

[0019] In one embodiment, the leveling component includes a third rotating column, which is rotatably mounted inside a dustproof housing via fourth end shafts at both ends. A plurality of second rings are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the second rotating column, and crushing rods are evenly distributed on the second rings. Support wheels are provided on both fourth end shafts.

[0020] In one embodiment, the drive assembly includes a fourth shaft and a fifth shaft disposed at the front end of the traction frame. The fourth shaft is connected to a telescopic shaft via a second universal joint. The telescopic shaft is connected to a drive shaft at the rear of the locomotive via a first universal joint. A twelfth gear on the fourth shaft meshes with a thirteenth gear on the fifth shaft. A first sprocket is disposed on the fifth shaft. The first sprocket is connected to a second sprocket via a first chain. The second sprocket is disposed on a first bushing. The first bushing is rotatably disposed on a fixed sleeve on the side wall of the dustproof housing. A fourteenth gear and a third sprocket are disposed on the first bushing. The fourteenth gear meshes with an eighth gear. The third sprocket is connected to the second end of the front crushing assembly via a second chain. The fourth sprocket on the shaft is connected to the fifth sprocket on the second end shaft of the front crushing component, which is connected to the sixth sprocket on the second end shaft of the rear crushing component via the third chain. The seventh sprocket on the second end shaft of the rear crushing component is connected to the eighth sprocket on the second end shaft of the lower crushing component via the fourth chain. The ninth sprocket on the second end shaft of the lower crushing component is connected to the fourth sprocket on the third end shaft via the fifth chain. The fifteenth gear on the third end shaft meshes with the sixteenth gear on the second bushing. The second bushing is rotatably mounted on the fixed shaft on the side wall of the dustproof housing. The eleventh sprocket on the second bushing is connected to the twelfth sprocket on the second rotating shaft via the sixth chain.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The root and stem separation component located at the front of the dustproof shell in this invention can separate the roots and stems of upright or fallen straw, ensuring that the three crushing components arranged in an inverted triangle behind the root and stem separation component can effectively harrow and crush the straw, thus significantly improving the decomposition efficiency of straw fragments. When root and stem separation is not required, the root and stem separation component can be stored away to prevent it from obstructing finer straw and reducing the crushing efficiency of the crushing components.

[0022] 2. The soil turning component, which is second only to the crushing component in this invention, can effectively crush the stubble on the lower side of the ground surface and evenly mix the crushed straw and stubble with the shallow soil surface to increase the contact area between the straw and the soil, thereby effectively improving the biodecomposition efficiency after straw is returned to the field.

[0023] 3. The burying component, which is second only to the soil turning component in this invention, can dig a relatively deep trench on the ground surface and bury the straw fragments that are fully and evenly mixed with the soil in the trench for new soil coverage, thereby effectively improving the microbial degradation efficiency after straw is returned to the field.

[0024] 4. The leveling component, which is second only to the backfilling component in this invention, can effectively crush and level the soil clods in the new soil that is used to cover the straw fragments in the trench after the backfilling component is dug out, thereby improving the effect of covering the straw fragments in the new soil. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the invention in conjunction with a locomotive; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the invention and the locomotive; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded state of the rhizome separation component in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the storage state of the root and stem separation component in this invention; Figure 5 This is the first sectional view of the driving component; Figure 6 This is the second sectional view of the driving component; Figure 7 This is the third sectional view of the driving component; Figure 8 This is the first cross-sectional view of the buried component; Figure 9 This is the second sectional view of the buried component; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the rhizome separation component; Figure 11 This is a partial schematic diagram of the buried components; Figure 12 This is a top sectional view of the present invention; Figure 13 This is the third sectional view of the embedded component; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the dustproof casing structure; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing component structure; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the soil turning component structure; Figure 17 It is a trenching wheel and its cross-sectional view; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the separation plate structure; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a retaining trench; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the flat component structure; Labels in the diagram: 101. Dustproof housing; 102. Traction frame; 103. First hydraulic cylinder; 104. First guide sleeve; 200. Root and stem separation assembly; 201. Rotary seat; 202. Circular hole; 203. First end shaft; 204. First gear; 205. Second gear; 206. First motor; 207. Rotating sleeve; 208. Rotating rod; 209. Conical tip; 210. First ring sleeve; 211. First cutter holder; 212. First cutter; 213. Synchronizing rod; 214. Second hydraulic cylinder; 215. Synchronizing structure; 216. Third gear; 217. Fourth gear; 218. Fifth gear; 219. Sixth gear; 220. First rotating shaft; 221. Seventh gear; 222. Eighth gear; 300. Crushing assembly; 301. First rotating column; 302. Second end shaft; 303. Second cutter holder; 304. Second cutter; 400. Soil-turning assembly; 401. Second rotating column; 402. Third end shaft; 403. Third cutter holder; 404. Soil-turning blade; 500. Burial assembly; 501. Second rotating shaft; 502. Trenching wheel; 503. Excavation trench; 504. Wedge block; 505. Separation plate; 506. Movable square hole; 507. Guide groove; 508. Soil scraper plate; 509. Guide angle plate; 510. Soil retaining groove; 511. Guide inclined plate; 512. Soil discharge port; 513. Support frame; 514. Rack; 515. Third rotating shaft; 516. Ninth gear; 517. Tenth gear; 518. Eleventh gear; 519. Second motor; 520. Fixing rod; 521. Striking assembly; 522. Second guide sleeve; 523. Striking block; 524. Return spring; 600. Leveling component; 601. Third rotating column; 602. Fourth end shaft; 603. Second ring sleeve; 604. Crushing rod; 605. Support wheel; 700. Drive assembly; 701. First universal joint; 702. Telescopic shaft; 703. Second universal joint; 704. Fourth pivot shaft; 705. Twelfth gear; 706. Thirteenth gear; 707. Fifth pivot shaft; 708. First sprocket; 709. First chain; 710. Second sprocket; 711. First bushing; 712. Fixing sleeve; 713. Fourteenth gear; 714. Third sprocket; 715. Second chain; 716. Fourth sprocket; 717. Fifth sprocket; 718. Third chain; 719. Sixth sprocket; 720. Seventh sprocket; 721. Fourth chain; 722. Eighth sprocket; 723. Ninth sprocket; 724. Fifth chain; 725. Tenth sprocket; 726. Fifteenth gear; 727. Sixteenth gear; 728. Second bushing; 729. Eleventh sprocket; 730. Sixth chain; 731. Twelfth sprocket; 801. Locomotive; 802. Drive shaft; 803. Mounting frame. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0027] The serial numbers assigned to components in this document, such as "first," "second," etc., are merely used to distinguish the described objects and have no sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this application, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0028] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0029] like Figures 1-20 As shown, an integrated straw crushing, plowing, and returning equipment is used for straw crushing and returning to the field, comprising: The root and stem separation component 200, located inside the front of the dust cover 101, is used to separate the roots and stems of the straw. The root and stem separation component 200 has a joint feature that can be unfolded when it is necessary to separate the roots and stems of coarse straw and can be retracted when it is not necessary to separate the roots and stems of fine straw. The dust cover 101 is hinged to the fixed frame 803 at the rear of the locomotive 801 via the traction frame 102 on its front side. A first hydraulic cylinder 103 that drives the dust cover 101 to rise and fall is hinged between the traction frame 102 and the rear of the locomotive 801.

[0030] Three crushing components 300 arranged in an inverted triangle pattern on the rear side of the root and stem separation component 200 are used to harrow and crush the straw after the root and stem separation is completed. The soil turning component 400, located behind the crushing component 300, is used to crush the stubble and mix the straw and stubble with the soil evenly.

[0031] The backfilling component 500, located behind the soil turning component 400, is used to dig a trench in the new soil layer below the straw fragments and transfer the straw fragments mixed with the soil to the trench for deep burial and new soil covering.

[0032] The leveling component 600, located behind the burial component 500, is used to provide movable support for the dust cover 101 and to crush and level the soil clods covered with straw fragments.

[0033] Drive assembly 700 is used to establish a transmission connection between drive shaft 802 at the rear of locomotive 801 and root and stem separation assembly 200, crushing assembly 300, soil turning assembly 400, backfilling assembly 500, and leveling assembly 600.

[0034] In a further embodiment, such as Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 14As shown, the root and stem separation assembly 200 includes a rotating seat 201, which is rotatably mounted on the front side of the dustproof shell 101 via first end shafts 203 at both ends. A first gear 204 is mounted on the first end shafts 203, and the first gear 204 meshes with a second gear 205 on the output shaft of a first motor 206 on the outside of the dustproof shell 101. The rotating seat 201 has several horizontally evenly distributed circular holes 202, and a rotating sleeve 207 is rotatably mounted in each of the circular holes 202. A rotating rod 208 is axially slidably mounted inside the rotating sleeve 207. One side of the rotating rod 208... The first end is provided with a cone tip 209 and a first ring sleeve 210. Several first cutter holders 211 are evenly arranged on the first ring sleeve 210 along the circumference. An arc-shaped first cutter 212 is inserted into the first cutter holder 211 and fixed with bolts. The inner arc side of the first cutter 212 is provided with a serrated edge. The other end of all the rotating rods 208 is provided with a synchronizing rod 213 that rotates with it. The synchronizing rod 213 is connected to the rotating seat by a second hydraulic cylinder 214 that drives all the rotating rods 208 to move synchronously along the axial direction. The rotating seat is provided with a synchronizing structure 215 that makes all the rotating rods 208 rotate synchronously.

[0035] In a further embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, the synchronization structure 215 includes a third gear 216 disposed on a rotating sleeve 207. The third gears 216 on the two rotating sleeves 207 are connected by a fourth gear 217 disposed on a rotating base. A fifth gear 218 is disposed on the rotating sleeve 207 located on the side. The fifth gear 218 meshes with a sixth gear 219 disposed on a rotating base via a first rotating shaft 220. A seventh gear 221 disposed on the first rotating shaft 220 meshes with an eighth gear 222 disposed on a rotating base. The eighth gear 222 is connected to the drive assembly 700.

[0036] In a further embodiment, such as Figure 2 , Figure 15 As shown, the crushing assembly 300 includes a first rotating column 301, which is rotatably mounted in the dustproof housing 101 via second end shafts 302 at both ends. The first rotating column 301 is provided with several rings of second cutter holders 303 evenly distributed along the axial direction. A circular arc-shaped second cutter 304 is inserted into the second cutter holder 303 and fixed with bolts. The inner arc side of the second cutter 304 is provided with a serrated edge.

[0037] In a further embodiment, such as Figure 2 , Figure 16As shown, the soil turning assembly 400 includes a second rotating column 401, which is rotatably mounted inside a dustproof shell 101 via third end shafts 402 at both ends. Several rings of third cutter holders 403 are evenly distributed along the axial direction on the second rotating shaft 501. Soil turning blades 404 are inserted into the third cutter holders 403. The bending direction of the soil turning part at the end of adjacent soil turning blades 404 in each ring is opposite.

[0038] In a further embodiment, such as Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 17 , Figure 18 , Figure 19 As shown, the burial assembly 500 includes a second rotating shaft 501 rotatably disposed within the dustproof shell 101 and connected to the drive assembly 700, and a support frame 513 vertically sliding within a first guide sleeve 104 on the outside of the dustproof shell 101. A separation plate 505, vertically moving within the dustproof shell 101, is provided at the bottom of the support frame 513. The separation plate 505 has several horizontally evenly distributed movable square holes 506. Guide grooves 507 are provided on both sides of each movable square hole 506 to guide straw fragments entering from the front of the separation plate 505 to the rear side of the movable square hole 506. A shovel plate 508 is provided at the front of the separation plate 505. The shovel plate 508 has several guide angle plates 509 corresponding one-to-one with the movable square holes 506 and guiding the straw fragments entering into the guide grooves 507 on both sides of the movable square holes 506. The rear end of the separation plate 505 is provided with several retaining grooves 510 corresponding one-to-one with the movable square holes 506. The lower end of the retaining groove 510 is provided with a guide inclined plate 511 that guides the soil entering from the front to the rear bottom discharge port 512. The second rotating shaft 501 is provided with several trenching wheels 502 corresponding one-to-one with the movable square holes 506 and located in the movable square holes 506. Several trenching grooves 503 are evenly opened along the circumference of the rim of the trenching wheel 502, which digs trenches from below the separation plate 505 and uses centrifugal force to transfer the excavated soil to the corresponding retaining grooves 510 on the rear side. On both sides of the trenching wheel 502, there are two tapping components 521 that are fixed to the top of the dustproof shell 101 by a fixing rod 520. These components loosen the soil in the trench 503 by tapping the sides of the trench 503 that is moving at the top position.

[0039] In a further embodiment, such as Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown, the striking assembly 521 includes a second guide sleeve 522 fixed to the lower end of the fixed rod 520. A round-headed striking block 523 that cooperates with the wedge block 504 on the corresponding side of the excavation trench 503 is slidably arranged in the second guide sleeve 522 along the axial direction of the second rotating shaft 501. A return spring 524 is provided in the second guide sleeve 522 to make the striking block 523 slide outward and return to its original position.

[0040] In a further embodiment, such as Figure 8 , Figure 18 As shown, racks 514 are provided in the middle of both sides of the support frame 513. The two racks 514 mesh with the two ninth gears 516 at both ends of the third rotating shaft 515. The third rotating shaft 515 is rotatably disposed inside the dustproof housing 101. A tenth gear 517 is provided at one end of the third rotating shaft 515. The tenth gear 517 meshes with the eleventh gear 518 on the output shaft of the second motor 519 outside the dustproof housing 101.

[0041] In a further embodiment, such as Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 12 , Figure 20 As shown, the leveling component 600 includes a third rotating column 601, which is rotatably mounted inside the dustproof housing 101 via fourth end shafts 602 at both ends. A plurality of second rings 603 are evenly arranged along the axial direction on the second rotating column 401, and crushing rods 604 are evenly distributed on the second rings 603. Support wheels 605 are provided on both fourth end shafts 602.

[0042] In a further embodiment, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the drive assembly 700 includes a fourth shaft 704 and a fifth shaft 707 disposed at the front end of the traction frame 102. The fourth shaft 704 is connected to a telescopic shaft 702 via a second universal joint 703. The telescopic shaft 702 is connected to a drive shaft 802 at the rear of the locomotive 801 via a first universal joint 701. The twelfth gear 705 on the fourth shaft 704 meshes with the thirteenth gear 706 on the fifth shaft 707. A first sprocket 708 is disposed on the fifth shaft 707. The first sprocket 708 is connected to the second sprocket 710 via the first chain 709. The second sprocket 710 is mounted on the first bushing 711, which is rotatably mounted on the fixing sleeve 712 on the side wall of the dustproof housing 101. The first bushing 711 is provided with a fourteenth gear 713 and a third sprocket 714. The fourteenth gear 713 meshes with the eighth gear 222. The third sprocket 714 is connected to the second end shaft 30 of the front crushing assembly 300 via the second chain 715. The fourth sprocket 716 on the front crushing assembly 300 is connected to the rear crushing assembly 300 via a third chain 718. The seventh sprocket 720 on the rear crushing assembly 300 is connected to the lower crushing assembly 300 via a fourth chain 721. The lower crushing assembly 300... The ninth sprocket 723 on the second end shaft 302 is connected to the fourth sprocket 716 on the third end shaft 402 via the fifth chain 724. The fifteenth gear 726 on the third end shaft 402 meshes with the sixteenth gear 727 on the second bushing 728. The second bushing 728 is rotatably mounted on a fixed shaft on the side wall of the dustproof housing 101. The eleventh sprocket 729 on the second bushing 728 is connected to the twelfth sprocket 731 on the second rotating shaft 501 via the sixth chain 730.

[0043] In this invention, the root and stem separation component 200, located at the front of the dustproof shell 101, can separate the roots and stems of upright or fallen straw. This ensures that the three crushing components 300, arranged in an inverted triangle behind the root and stem separation component 200, can effectively harrow and efficiently crush the straw, thus significantly improving the decomposition efficiency of the straw fragments. When root and stem separation is not required, the root and stem separation component 200 can be stored away to prevent it from obstructing finer straw and reducing the crushing efficiency of the crushing components 300. The soil-turning component 400, located behind the crushing components 300, can effectively crush the stubble below the soil surface and evenly mix the crushed straw fragments and root fragments with the shallow topsoil, increasing the contact area between the straw fragments and the soil, thereby effectively improving the biodecomposition efficiency after straw is returned to the field. In this invention, the burying component 500, located behind the soil-turning component 400, can excavate a relatively deep trench on the ground surface and bury the straw fragments, which are thoroughly and evenly mixed with the soil, deep within the trench for new soil coverage, thereby effectively improving the microbial degradation efficiency after straw is returned to the field. The leveling component 600, located behind the burying component 500, can excavate the burying component 500 and effectively crush and level the soil clods in the new soil used for burying the straw fragments in the trench, improving the effectiveness of burying the straw fragments in the new soil.

[0044] The operation flow of this invention is as follows: In the initial state, such as Figure 4 As shown, under the action of the first hydraulic cylinder 103, the present invention is in an upward tilted state relative to the locomotive 801, detached from the ground. The telescopic shaft 702 is in a state of maximum extension and the first hydraulic cylinder 103 is in a state of maximum retraction. The root and stem separation component 200 is in a retracted state on the upper side of the dustproof shell 101 and the second hydraulic cylinder 214 is in a state of maximum extension. The separation plate 505 and the soil-shoveling plate 508 in the burial component 500 are in a retracted state, and the lowest edge of the soil-shoveling plate 508 is higher than the lower edge of the support wheel 605.

[0045] When the present invention is needed for straw crushing and returning to the field, the locomotive 801 is started first. The drive shaft 802 at the rear of the locomotive 801 rotates. The drive shaft 802 drives all the rotating rods 208 in the root and stem separation assembly 200, the first rotating column 301 in the three crushing assemblies 300, the second rotating column 401 in the soil turning assembly 400, and the second rotating shaft 501 in the burying assembly 500 to rotate through the drive assembly 700. The rotating rods 208 drive the corresponding set of first cutters 212 to rotate quickly. The three first rotating columns 301 drive the second cutters 304 on them to rotate quickly. The second rotating columns 401 drive the soil turning blades 404 on them to rotate. The second rotating shaft 501 drives all the trenching wheels 502 to rotate synchronously.

[0046] Then, the first hydraulic cylinder 103 is activated. The first hydraulic cylinder 103 drives the invention to fall through the traction frame 102, so that the support wheel 605 in the leveling component 600 reaches the ground to form support. The trenching wheel 502 rotates from bottom to front and from top to back. The trenching wheel 502 digs trenches on the ground and uses centrifugal force to throw the excavated soil into the retaining groove 510 on the rear side. The soil entering the retaining groove 510 is discharged by the guide inclined plate 511 and the discharge port 512 to the area corresponding to the trench dug by the trenching wheel 502 on the rear side of the separation plate 505. As the locomotive 801 pulls the invention forward, the soil entering the retaining groove 510 will fall into the trench through the discharge port 512.

[0047] Then, depending on the thickness of the straw in the field, it is decided whether to deploy the root and stem separation component 200. If the straw in the field is thin and does not affect the straw crushing of the crushing component 300, then there is no need to deploy the root and stem separation component 200. If the straw in the field is thick and affects the straw crushing of the crushing component 300, then the root and stem separation component 200 needs to be deployed.

[0048] When the root and stem separation assembly 200 needs to be deployed, the first motor 206 is started to drive the rotating base to rotate 90 degrees, so that all the rotating rods 208 are in a vertical state and the first cutter 212 is at the lower end of the rotating rods 208. Then, the second hydraulic cylinder 214 is started. The second hydraulic cylinder 214 drives all the rotating rods 208 to move downward synchronously through the synchronizing rod 213, so that the first cutter 212 at the lower end of the rotating rods 208 reaches the root and stem connection of the straw on the ground. As the locomotive 801 drives the invention forward, the rapidly rotating first cutter 212 in the root and stem separation assembly 200 separates the straw from the roots and stems, avoiding the obstruction of the hook and rake of the second cutter 304 in the rear crushing assembly 300 by the coarser straw.

[0049] The first cutter 212 of the lower crushing component 300, one of the three crushing components 300 located behind the root and stem separation component 200, is pulled by the locomotive 801 to hook and rake the fine straw or coarse straw separated from the root and stem into the range of the lower crushing component 300 and the front crushing component 300. The front crushing component 300 and the lower crushing component 300 hook and rake the straw into the range between the three crushing components 300. The second cutter 304 of the three crushing components 300 rotates in an alternating manner and effectively crushes the straw. The crushed straw fragments are spread flat on the ground. The soil turning component 400 on the rear side rolls over the straw fragments and turns up the surface soil below the straw fragments. The soil turning component 400 crushes the straw stubble in the soil and mixes the turned-up soil with the straw fragments and stubble fragments evenly.

[0050] As locomotive 801 pulls the invention forward, the second motor 519 in the backfilling assembly 500 is activated. The second motor 519, through the eleventh gear 518, tenth gear 517, third shaft 515, ninth gear 516, rack 514, and support frame 513, drives the separating plate 505 and the shovel plate 508 downwards by a certain distance. The shovel plate 508 in the backfilling assembly 500 guides the straw and stubble mixed with the soil to the separating plate 505. The straw mixed with the soil on the shovel plate 508 is then guided to the separating plate 505. Guided by the plate 509, the straw fragments reach the guide grooves 507 on both sides of each movable square hole 506 on the separation plate 505. Guided by the guide grooves 507, the straw fragments are transferred through the rear side of the movable square hole 506 to the trench dug by the dredging wheel 502. As the locomotive 801 drives the invention forward, the new soil generated by the dredging wheel 502 is thrown into the retaining groove 510 under the action of centrifugal force. The soil entering the retaining groove 510 falls into the trench through the guide inclined plate 511 and the soil discharge port 512 and covers the straw fragments mixed with soil that have entered the trench.

[0051] During the rotation of the trenching wheel 502, when the trench 503 containing soil reaches the uppermost position of the trenching wheel 502, the striking blocks 523 in the striking components 521 on both sides of the trenching wheel 502 move into the second guide sleeve 522 under the action of the corresponding wedges 504 and compress the return spring 524. When the striking blocks 523 disengage from the wedges 504, they move rapidly into the second guide sleeve 522 under the action of the return spring 524 and strike both sides of the trench 503, causing the soil in the trench 503 to loosen. This allows all the soil in the trench 503 to be thrown out into the corresponding retaining groove 510 behind under the action of centrifugal force. After the striking block 523 finishes striking the side wall of the trench 503, it retracts and returns to its original position under the action of the return spring 524, maintaining a certain distance from the side wall of the trench wheel 502. This prevents the striking block 523 from rubbing against the side wall of the trench wheel 502 before encountering the next side wall wedge block 504 of the trench 503, which would cause wear to the trench wheel 502 and the striking block 523.

[0052] The crushing rods 604, which are evenly distributed on the third rotating column 601 in the leveling component 600, crush the soil clods covering the straw fragments in the trench and effectively level the field after the straw has been crushed and returned to the field.

[0053] After the straw crushing and returning to the field is completed, the second hydraulic cylinder 214 is first activated to drive all the rotating rods 208 to move vertically upwards and reset, so that the first cutter 212 at the lower end of the rotating rods 208 is lifted off the ground and reset relative to the rotating base. Then, the first motor 206 is activated to drive the rotating base to swing all the rotating rods 208 to the top of the dustproof shell 101 for recycling and reset.

[0054] Next, the second motor 519 is started to drive the separation plate 505 and the soil-shoveling plate 508 to lift off the ground and reset. Then, the first hydraulic cylinder 103 is started to drive the invention to tilt upwards and lift off the ground.

Claims

1. An integrated equipment for crushing, turning over, and returning straw to the field, characterized in that, include: The root and stem separation assembly located inside the dust cover is used to separate the roots and stems of the straw. The root and stem separation assembly has a joint feature that can be unfolded when it is necessary to separate the roots and stems of coarse straw and can be retracted when it is not necessary to separate the roots and stems of fine straw. The dust cover is hinged to the fixed frame at the rear of the locomotive via the traction frame on its front side. A first hydraulic cylinder that drives the dust cover to rise and fall is hinged between the traction frame and the rear of the locomotive. Three crushing components arranged in an inverted triangle pattern are located behind the root and stem separation component to harrow and crush the straw after root and stem separation. The soil turning component, located behind the crushing component, is used to crush the stubble and mix the straw and stubble evenly with the soil. The backfilling component, located behind the soil turning component, is used to dig a trench in the new soil layer below the straw fragments and transfer the straw fragments mixed with the soil to be deeply buried in the trench for new soil cover. The leveling component, located behind the burial component, is used to move and support the dust cover and to crush and level the soil clods covered with straw fragments. The drive assembly is used to establish a transmission connection between the drive shaft at the rear of the locomotive and the root and stem separation assembly, crushing assembly, soil turning assembly, backfilling assembly, and leveling assembly.

2. The integrated straw crushing, plowing, and returning equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root and stem separation assembly includes a rotating seat, which is rotatably mounted on the front side of a dustproof shell via first end shafts at both ends. A first gear is mounted on the first end shaft, and the first gear meshes with a second gear on the output shaft of a first motor outside the dustproof shell. The rotating seat has several horizontally evenly distributed circular holes, and a rotating sleeve is rotatably mounted in each of the circular holes. A rotating rod is slidably mounted axially inside the rotating sleeve. One end of the rotating rod has a conical tip and a first ring sleeve. Several first cutter holders are evenly arranged circumferentially on the first ring sleeve. An arc-shaped first cutter is inserted into the first cutter holder and fixed with bolts. The inner arc side of the first cutter has a serrated edge. The other end of all the rotating rods is equipped with a synchronizing rod that rotates with them. A second hydraulic cylinder is connected between the synchronizing rod and the rotating seat to drive all the rotating rods to move synchronously axially. The rotating seat is equipped with a synchronizing structure that makes all the rotating rods rotate synchronously.

3. The integrated straw crushing, plowing, and returning equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The synchronization structure includes a third gear disposed on a rotating sleeve, and the two third gears on the rotating sleeves are connected by a fourth gear disposed on a rotating base. A fifth gear is disposed on the rotating sleeve located on the side, and the fifth gear meshes with a sixth gear disposed on a rotating base via a first rotating shaft. A seventh gear disposed on the first rotating shaft meshes with an eighth gear disposed on a rotating base, and the eighth gear is connected to the drive assembly.

4. The integrated straw crushing, plowing, and returning equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing assembly includes a first rotating column, which is rotatably mounted inside a dustproof shell via second end shafts at both ends. Several rings of second cutter holders are evenly distributed along the axial direction on the first rotating column. Arc-shaped second cutters are inserted into the second cutter holders and fixed with bolts. The inner arc side of the second cutter is provided with serrated blades.

5. The integrated straw crushing, plowing, and returning equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil turning assembly includes a second rotating column, which is rotatably mounted inside a dustproof shell via third end shafts at both ends. Several rings of third cutter holders are evenly distributed along the axial direction on the second rotating shaft. Soil turning blades are inserted into the third cutter holders, and the bending direction of the soil turning part of the end of adjacent soil turning blades in each ring is opposite.

6. The integrated straw crushing, plowing, and returning equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The burial assembly includes a second rotating shaft rotatably disposed within a dustproof shell and connected to a drive assembly, and a support frame vertically sliding within a first guide sleeve on the outside of the dustproof shell. A separation plate, moving vertically within the dustproof shell, is located at the bottom of the support frame. The separation plate has several horizontally evenly distributed movable square holes. Guide grooves are provided on both sides of each movable square hole to guide straw fragments entering from the front of the separation plate to the rear side of the movable square hole. A soil-shoveling plate is located at the front of the separation plate. Several guide corner plates, corresponding one-to-one with the movable square holes, guide the entering straw fragments to the guide grooves on both sides of the movable square holes. The rear of the separation plate… The first end is provided with several retaining grooves corresponding to the movable square holes. The lower end of the retaining groove is provided with a guide plate that guides the soil entering from the front to the bottom discharge port on the rear side. The second rotating shaft is provided with several trenching wheels corresponding to the movable square holes and located in the movable square holes. Several trenching grooves are evenly opened along the circumference of the rim of the trenching wheel, which digs trenches from below the separation plate and uses centrifugal force to transfer the excavated soil to the corresponding retaining grooves on the rear side. Both sides of the trenching wheel are provided with two tapping components that loosen the soil in the trench by tapping the sides of the trenches that move at the top position.

7. The integrated straw crushing, plowing, and returning equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The striking assembly includes a second guide sleeve fixed to the lower end of the fixed rod. A round-headed striking block that cooperates with the wedge block on the corresponding side of the excavation trench is slidably disposed inside the second guide sleeve along the second rotating shaft. A reset spring is disposed inside the second guide sleeve to make the striking block slide outward and reset.

8. The integrated straw crushing, plowing, and returning equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The support frame has racks on both sides of the middle. The two racks mesh with the two ninth gears at both ends of the third rotating shaft. The third rotating shaft is rotatably installed inside the dustproof housing. One end of the third rotating shaft is provided with a tenth gear, which meshes with the eleventh gear on the output shaft of the second motor outside the dustproof housing.

9. The integrated equipment for straw crushing, plowing, and returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leveling component includes a third rotating column, which is rotatably mounted inside a dustproof housing via fourth end shafts at both ends. A number of second rings are evenly arranged along the axial direction on the second rotating column, and crushing rods are evenly distributed on the second rings. Support wheels are provided on both fourth end shafts.

10. An integrated straw crushing, plowing, and returning equipment according to claim 3, 4, 5, 6, or 9, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a fourth shaft and a fifth shaft located at the front end of the traction frame. The fourth shaft is connected to a telescopic shaft via a second universal joint. The telescopic shaft is connected to a drive shaft at the rear of the locomotive via a first universal joint. A twelfth gear on the fourth shaft meshes with a thirteenth gear on the fifth shaft. A first sprocket is mounted on the fifth shaft and connected to a second sprocket via a first chain. The second sprocket is mounted on a first bushing, which is rotatably mounted on a fixed sleeve on the side wall of the dustproof housing. A fourteenth gear and a third sprocket are mounted on the first bushing. The fourteenth gear meshes with an eighth gear. The third sprocket is connected to a fourth gear on the second end shaft of the front crushing assembly via a second chain. The sprocket drive connection is as follows: the fifth sprocket on the second end shaft of the front crushing component is driven by the sixth sprocket on the second end shaft of the rear crushing component through the third chain; the seventh sprocket on the second end shaft of the rear crushing component is driven by the eighth sprocket on the second end shaft of the lower crushing component through the fourth chain; the ninth sprocket on the second end shaft of the lower crushing component is driven by the fourth sprocket on the third end shaft through the fifth chain; the fifteenth gear on the third end shaft meshes with the sixteenth gear on the second bushing; the second bushing is rotatably mounted on the fixed shaft on the side wall of the dustproof housing; and the eleventh sprocket on the second bushing is driven by the twelfth sprocket on the second rotating shaft through the sixth chain.

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