Construction method of improved double-Y tree shape suitable for sightseeing and picking of grapes

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a construction method of an improved double-Y tree shape suitable for sightseeing and picking of grapes, the constructed tree shape comprises two vertical trunks which are parallel and adjacent to each other and have a vertical distance of 60-70cm, each trunk cultivates two main vines which extend reversely along the row direction, the included angle between the trunk and the main vines is 90-100 degrees, and the main vines and the main vines are connected in parallel. Fruiting branches are cultivated on the main vines at intervals, and Y-shaped leaf curtains with upper and lower layers of differential included angles are formed; the construction method comprises the five steps of seedling seed selection and field planting, trunk and vine cultivation, fruiting mother branch cultivation, winter pruning and load capacity accurate control, wherein load capacity control achieves standardized operation through target backward pushing, flower and fruit thinning and field regulation and control. Wide-row thin planting is achieved, mechanical operation and sightseeing picking are facilitated, clusters are neat, the ornamental value is high, three-dimensional fruiting can be achieved, the picking period can be prolonged by matching with different varieties, meanwhile, the fruit loading capacity is precisely controllable, the grape yield and quality are effectively improved, and the economic benefit of a sightseeing picking garden is effectively improved; the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application in the grape sightseeing picking industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for constructing an improved double-Y tree shape suitable for grape sightseeing and picking. Background Technology

[0002] Grapes are one of the world's four major fruits, beloved by consumers for their unique taste and rich nutrition. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the grape industry has developed rapidly, with diversified business entities. Simultaneously, with the improvement of residents' living standards, traditional grape cultivation methods can no longer meet consumers' diverse needs for grape viewing, picking, and agricultural experiences. A tertiary industry centered on grape tourism and picking has rapidly emerged, with numerous grape-themed tourism and picking gardens springing up across the country. These gardens, themed around grapes, integrate functions such as natural sightseeing, agricultural experiences, science education, and technology demonstrations, representing an innovative agricultural industry model. This places higher demands on grapevine cultivation: while ensuring grape yield and fruit quality, it is necessary to consider the fruit's ornamental value, the convenience of tourism and picking, the controllability of picking time, and the suitability for mechanized pruning.

[0003] Currently, table grape production mainly employs two cultivation methods: trellis cultivation and trellis cultivation. In trellis cultivation, the high-trunk T-shape and H-shape are the most popular tree forms in recent years. However, these two forms have drawbacks such as the fruiting parts tending to shift outwards and the trees being too large, which is unfavorable for burying the vines for winter protection in northern my country and increases cultivation and management costs. In trellis cultivation, the multi-monocarp fan shape and Y-shape are the main tree forms used. The multi-monocarp fan shape suffers from labor-intensive management and inconvenient harvesting due to berries not being distributed on the same plane; the traditional Y-shape faces problems such as cumbersome flower and fruit management, uneven fruiting positions, and a poor experience for tourists picking grapes, neither of which can meet the cultivation needs of grape-growing tourism and picking gardens.

[0004] The core difference between grape-picking tourism estates and traditional vineyards lies in the fact that, in addition to meeting productive requirements such as simplified planting, rapid vine growth, and mechanized pruning, grape-picking tourism estates also need to utilize limited planting space to combine grape varieties with different colors, shapes, and ripening periods. This enriches the landscape, extends the harvesting period, and enhances the visitor experience. Currently, while the grape-picking tourism industry possesses enormous commercial potential and development prospects, the industry still lacks specialized grape cultivation trellises that combine both productivity and tourism. Existing vine structures cannot simultaneously achieve high-quality, efficient grape production and an upgraded tourism experience, becoming a significant factor hindering the modernization of the grape industry.

[0005] Therefore, developing a method for constructing a special tree shape suitable for grape sightseeing and picking gardens is of great practical significance for promoting the development of the grape industry towards a "production + sightseeing" integrated model. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing grapevine shapes, this invention provides a method for constructing an improved double-Y tree shape suitable for grape sightseeing and picking. This method solves technical problems such as irregular fruiting parts, poor sightseeing and picking experience, inconvenience of mechanized management, low space utilization, and inability to balance production and sightseeing in existing tree shapes. It achieves uniform grape bunches, strong ornamental value, and three-dimensional fruiting, while facilitating mechanized operations and sightseeing picking. It can also be combined with different grape varieties to extend the picking period, thereby improving the production and economic benefits of grape sightseeing and picking gardens.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for constructing an improved double-Y tree structure suitable for grape sightseeing and picking, comprising: Step 1, Seedling selection and planting: Select robust, well-developed root systems and free from pests and diseases, first-grade grape seedlings; plan planting pits with a row spacing of 4-4.5 meters and a plant spacing of 2-2.5 meters, and plant two healthy grape seedlings in each planting pit at the same time. After backfilling the soil and compacting it, water the seedlings to settle the roots and complete the planting. Step 2, Cultivation of main trunk and main vine: For the two seedlings in the same planting pit in Step 1, after sprouting in the spring of the first year, cultivate the first main trunk and main vine and the second main trunk and main vine respectively; the two seedlings may be of the same or different varieties; Step 3, Cultivation of fruiting branches: In the second year, the winter buds that sprout on the main vine are removed and the shoots are fixed and the tips are pinched to control the length and angle of the fruiting branches. Step 4, Winter Pruning: In winter, select the branches on the main vine, keep the qualified branches and prune them back to serve as fruiting branches, and remove the rest of the branches. Step 5, control of fruit load: retain the first inflorescence on the fruiting branch, remove the remaining inflorescences, and control the fruit load of grapes by year.

[0008] In step 1, the planting density is used to achieve a wide-row, sparse-planting layout.

[0009] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the dimensions of the planting pit are 60cm × 60cm × 50cm (length × width × depth), the distance between two seedlings in the same planting pit is 20cm, and the seedling roots are ensured to spread out naturally and not cross each other during planting.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, when planting seedlings, grape varieties with different fruit colors, shapes, and ripening periods can be selected in the same planting pit to cultivate the first main trunk and the second main trunk respectively. By using the upper and lower tree shapes to match different varieties, the ornamental value can be enhanced and the harvesting period can be extended.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the cultivation of the first seedling's main trunk and main vine is specifically as follows: after the seedling sprouts in spring, select a strong new shoot to grow upright. When the new shoot reaches a length of 65-70cm, pinch off the tip to cultivate it into the first upright main trunk; the two nearby lateral shoots below the pinched tip of the main trunk extend in opposite directions in the direction of row, and are cultivated into the first and second main vines, each with a length of 95-105cm, with the angle between the main trunk and the main vine being 90-100°; all other lateral shoots on the first main trunk are removed to reduce nutrient consumption.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the cultivation of the second seedling's main trunk and main vine is specifically as follows: after the seedling sprouts in spring, select a strong new shoot to grow upright. When the new shoot reaches a length of 125-130cm, pinch off the tip to cultivate it into the second upright main trunk; the two nearby lateral shoots below the pinched tip of the main trunk extend in the opposite direction of the row to cultivate them into the third and fourth main vines, each 90-100cm in length, with the angle between the main trunk and the main vine being 90-100°; all other lateral shoots on the second main trunk are removed to reduce nutrient consumption.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the specific operation of bud removal and shoot setting is as follows: new shoots are retained at a distance of 15-20cm, and after pinching, the length of the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is controlled at 90-95cm, and the length of the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is controlled at 85-90cm; the angle between the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is 110-120°, and the angle between the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is 80-90°.

[0014] In the second year, after the winter buds on the main vine sprout, the new shoots are pruned and fixed at intervals of 15-20cm to ensure reasonable spacing between branches and even nutrient supply. The retained new shoots are then pinched back to control the length of the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines to 90-95cm, and the length of the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines to 85-90cm. At the same time, by using string to guide the branches, the angle between the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is maintained at 110-120°, and the angle between the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is maintained at 80-90°, forming two layers of Y-shaped leaf canopies.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 4, the standard for qualified branches is that the thickness of the base of the branch reaches 0.8 cm or more and there are no diseases or pests. The pruning operation specifically involves pruning back 2 to 3 buds and removing all other branches from the base.

[0016] During the aforementioned winter pruning, all branches on the main vine are screened. Healthy branches with a base thickness of 0.8cm or more and free from pests and diseases are selected and shortened, leaving 2-3 buds, to serve as fruiting mother branches for the following year. All other branches are removed from the base, thus completing the basic cultivation of the improved double-Y tree shape.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 5, the first inflorescence of Eurasian grapes grows on the 5th or 6th node of the new shoot, and the first inflorescence of European grapes grows on the 3rd or 4th node of the new shoot; the grape fruit load in the second year is controlled at 800-1000 kg, and the grape fruit load in the third year and thereafter is controlled at 1300-1500 kg.

[0018] In step 5 above, only the first inflorescence is retained on each fruiting branch of the main vine. For Eurasian grapes, the first inflorescence usually grows on the 5th or 6th node of the new shoot, while for European and American grapes, the first inflorescence usually grows on the 3rd or 4th node of the new shoot. All other inflorescences are removed to ensure concentrated nutrient supply. In the second year, the grape fruit load is controlled at 800-1000 kg, taking into account both vine growth and initial yield. In the third year and thereafter, the grape fruit load is controlled at 1300-1500 kg to achieve stable and high yield.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the final structured improved double-Y tree includes two parallel and closely spaced upright trunks, namely a first trunk and a second trunk, with a vertical height difference of 60-70 cm between the first trunk and the second trunk; two first and second main vines extending in opposite directions along the row are cultivated on the first trunk, and two third and fourth main vines extending in opposite directions along the row are cultivated on the second trunk, with the first, second, third, and fourth main vines being parallel to each other, and the included angle between the trunk and the main vines being 90-100°; fruiting branches are cultivated at intervals on the first, second, third, and fourth main vines, and the fruiting branches are trained to form a Y-shaped canopy by pulling with wires, wherein the included angle of the Y-shape formed by the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is 110-120°, and the included angle of the Y-shape formed by the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is 80-90°.

[0020] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Suitable for mechanized operations and sightseeing picking, saving labor and effort. This invention adopts a wide-row, sparse planting layout with a row spacing of 4-4.5 meters and a plant spacing of 2-2.5 meters. The ample space between rows facilitates various agricultural machinery for pruning, fertilizing, and spraying, simplifying management and significantly reducing labor costs. It also provides sufficient space for tourists to engage in sightseeing and picking activities, enhancing the picking experience. This solves the problems of narrow row spacing and difficulty in balancing mechanization and sightseeing picking in traditional tree shapes. At the same time, the double-planting method combined with standardized trunk and main vine cultivation processes makes tree shaping more standardized and faster. Fruiting can begin in the second year after planting, and stable production begins in the third year.

[0021] 2. Good ventilation and light transmission improve fruit quality and reduce pests and diseases. This tree shape features two upright trunks with a vertical height difference of 60-70cm, forming two layers of Y-shaped foliage canopies. The open space between the layers effectively improves the overall ventilation and light penetration of the vineyard. On the one hand, it can improve the photosynthetic efficiency of grape leaves, promote nutrient accumulation, and enhance the sugar content, color, and other quality indicators of the fruit. On the other hand, it can reduce humidity in the vineyard, reduce the probability of occurrence of moisture-loving diseases and pests such as downy mildew and gray mold, reduce the amount of pesticides used, and achieve green cultivation.

[0022] 3. The fruit clusters are uniform and highly ornamental, and flower and fruit management is convenient. This invention solves the problem of uneven fruiting positions in traditional Y-shaped vineyards by fixing the position of the inflorescences and controlling the length and angle of the fruiting branches, ensuring that the grape bunches are on the same horizontal line. This not only makes the vineyard landscape more orderly and significantly improves its ornamental value, but also facilitates flower and fruit management operations such as thinning, bagging, and harvesting, greatly improving management efficiency. Furthermore, two vines in the same vineyard can be paired with varieties of different colors, fruit shapes, and ripening periods, achieving "multiple colors on one vine, multiple fruits in one period," enriching the landscape while extending the harvest season.

[0023] 4. Three-dimensional layout, high space utilization, achieving high and stable yields. This tree form features a two-tiered Y-shaped canopy, with the angle between the lower fruiting branches and the upper fruiting branches being greater. This increases the number of fruiting branches while fully utilizing the vineyard's three-dimensional space, effectively improving the total photosynthetic efficiency of leaves per unit area and land utilization, thus achieving three-dimensional fruiting. A standardized load control method was also developed, employing target-based calculations, flower and fruit thinning, field regulation, and dynamic adjustments to achieve precise control over fruit yield. This avoids yield fluctuations caused by experience-based operations, achieving a yield of 800-1000 kg / mu in the second year and stabilizing at 1300-1500 kg / mu in the third year and beyond, ensuring high and stable yields while maintaining fruit quality.

[0024] 5. Standardize load control, taking into account tree vigor and yield, to improve economic benefits. This invention's load control method, combined with the structural characteristics of the improved double-Y tree shape, allocates the number of spikes according to the ratio of the two main vines, while also taking into account the scientific requirements of the branch-to-fruit ratio and leaf-to-fruit ratio. Through coordinated operations of flower and fruit thinning, shoot regulation, and fertilizer and water regulation, it achieves precise control of the load, avoiding both excessive load leading to weakened tree vigor and decreased fruit quality, and excessive load causing waste of land and tree resources. Simultaneously, the dynamic adjustment mechanism can cope with abnormal fruit set rates caused by unforeseen factors such as weather, ensuring stable yields. Combined with enhanced tourism appeal, it significantly increases visitor traffic and economic benefits in grape-growing and picking gardens. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for planting the improved double-Y tree as described in this invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the improved double Y-shaped tree described in this invention.

[0027] In the picture: 1-First main trunk, 2-Second main trunk, 3-First main vine, 4-Second main vine, 5-Third main vine, 6-Fourth main vine, 7, 8, 9, 10-Fruiting branches. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The complete technical solution of this invention is as follows: A method for constructing an improved double-Y tree structure suitable for grape sightseeing and picking includes the following steps: Step 1: Selection and Planting of Seedlings Select robust, well-developed root systems and free from pests and diseases, first-grade grape seedlings; plan planting pits with a row spacing of 4-4.5 meters and a plant spacing of 2-2.5 meters. The dimensions of the planting pits are 60cm x 60cm x 50cm (length x width x depth). Plant two healthy grape seedlings in each planting pit at the same time (the two seedlings are 20cm apart, and the roots are naturally spread out and do not cross). After backfilling the soil and compacting it, water the pit to complete the planting. If varietal matching is required, plant two varietal seedlings of different colors, fruit shapes and ripening periods directly in the same planting pit.

[0030] The second step is the cultivation of the main stem and main vine. For the two seedlings planted in the same pit in the first step, after they sprout in the spring of the first year, cultivate the first main trunk and main vine respectively, and the second main trunk and main vine, as follows: Cultivation of the first main trunk and main vine of the seedling: After the seedling sprouts in spring, select a strong new shoot to grow upright. When the new shoot reaches 65-70cm in length, pinch off the tip to cultivate it into the first upright main trunk. The two nearby lateral shoots below the pinched tip of the main trunk extend in the opposite direction of the row and are cultivated into the first and second main vines, each 95-105cm in length. The angle between the main trunk and the main vine is 90-100°. All other lateral shoots on the first main trunk are removed.

[0031] Cultivation of the second seedling's main trunk and main vine: After the seedling sprouts in spring, select a strong new shoot to grow upright. When the new shoot reaches 125-130cm in length, pinch off the tip to cultivate it into the second upright main trunk. The two nearby lateral shoots below the pinched tip of the main trunk extend in the opposite direction of the row and are cultivated into the third and fourth main vines, each 90-100cm in length. The angle between the main trunk and the main vine is 90-100°. All other lateral shoots on the second main trunk are removed.

[0032] The third step is the cultivation of the mother branches. In the second year, winter buds sprout on the main vine. New shoots are pruned and thinned at intervals of 15-20 cm, and the tips are pinched back. Ultimately, the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines are controlled to be 90-95 cm long, and the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines are controlled to be 85-90 cm long. The angle between the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is 110-120°; the angle between the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is 80-90°.

[0033] Step 4, Winter Pruning During winter pruning, all branches on the main vine with a base thickness of 0.8cm or more and free from pests and diseases should be shortened, leaving 2-3 buds, to serve as fruiting mother branches for the following year. All other branches should be removed from the base, thus completing the tree shape training.

[0034] Step 5: Load control Each fruiting branch on the main vine retains its first inflorescence. For Eurasian grapes, the first inflorescence usually grows on the 5th or 6th node of the new shoot, while for European and American grapes, the first inflorescence usually grows on the 3rd or 4th node of the new shoot. All other inflorescences are removed. In the second year, the grape fruit load is controlled at 800-1000 kg / mu. In the third year and thereafter, the grape fruit load is controlled at 1300-1500 kg / mu.

[0035] The core principle is to determine the number of spikes to retain by working backward from the target yield. Combining this with the improved double-Y tree shape's two-tiered main vine structure, the number of spikes to retain is allocated as follows: the lower tier (first and second main vines) accounts for 55% ± 2% of the total load, and the upper tier (third and fourth main vines) accounts for 45% ± 2%. Precise yield control is achieved through flower and fruit thinning, shoot management, and fertilizer and water management. Simultaneously, adjustments are made dynamically based on fruit set. The specific operations are as follows: (1) Basic calculation: The target yield per plant is calculated by working backward from the planting density. The number of bunches per plant is determined by combining the average single bunch weight of grape varieties. The single bunch weight of conventional table grapes is controlled at 500-600g. The number of plants per mu is about 59-83. Based on the median value of 70 plants / mu, the number of bunches per plant is 23-29 in the second year and 34-39 in the third year and thereafter. The bunches are distributed to each main vine in a double-layer ratio.

[0036] (2) Thinning flowers and fruits: The first inflorescence of each fruiting branch on the main vine is retained (the first inflorescence of Eurasian grapes usually grows on the 5th or 6th node of the new shoot, while the first inflorescence of European and American grapes usually grows on the 3rd or 4th node of the new shoot), and all other inflorescences are removed. 7 to 10 days before flowering, remove inflorescences that exceed the number of inflorescences to be retained. From the peak flowering period to 3 days after flowering, pinch off 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the tip of the inflorescence and remove excess secondary inflorescences. 15 to 20 days after flowering, remove deformed fruits, small fruits, diseased fruits, and overly dense fruits to ensure that the distance between fruits is ≥2cm.

[0037] (3) Shoot control: Pinch the fruiting branches with 6-8 leaves above the inflorescence, pinch the vegetative branches with 8-10 leaves, and only retain 1-2 lateral shoots with 2 leaves at the top and pinch them repeatedly. Remove all other lateral shoots to ensure a leaf-to-fruit ratio of ≥20:1, a branch-to-fruit ratio of ≥1:2 for Eurasian species, and a branch-to-fruit ratio of ≥1:3 for European and American species.

[0038] (4) Fertilizer and water management: In the second year, apply heavy base fertilizer (3000 kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure + 50 kg / mu of compound fertilizer) and light topdressing. Apply 20 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate during flowering and 30 kg / mu of NPK compound fertilizer during fruit expansion. In the third year and thereafter, increase the application of base fertilizer (4000 kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure + 80 kg / mu of compound fertilizer) and apply topdressing in three applications (25 kg / mu of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during flowering, 50 kg / mu of compound fertilizer during fruit expansion, and 30 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer during coloring). During fruit expansion, ensure soil moisture of 60% to 70% and control water appropriately during maturity, keeping soil moisture at 50% to 60%.

[0039] (5) Dynamic adjustment: From fruit set to fruit expansion period, if the fruit set rate is low (below 80%), the second inflorescence of some strong fruiting branches can be retained to supplement the number of clusters; if the fruit set rate is high (above 95%), some overly dense clusters and small clusters should be thinned out. According to the above method, the grape fruit load in the second year can be controlled at 800-1000 kg / mu; the grape fruit load in the third year and thereafter can be controlled at 1300-1500 kg / mu.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: 1. This tree shape has a large spacing between rows and plants, making it a new tree shape for vineyards with wide rows and sparse planting. It saves labor and facilitates mechanized operations, while also allowing tourists to enjoy sightseeing and picking between rows. In addition, the tree shape uses a Y-shaped canopy on both the upper and lower layers, and the first and second main trunks form a vertical drop of 60-70cm, which is conducive to ventilation and light penetration in the vineyard, reduces the occurrence of pests and diseases, and improves the quality of the fruit.

[0041] 2. The tree shape adopted is a modified double Y tree shape. Compared with the existing Y tree shape, by fixing the position of the inflorescence, the fruit clusters are placed on the same horizontal line, which achieves the effect of uniform flower clusters, convenient flower and fruit management, and significantly improved ornamental value. At the same time, the tree shape has two layers of leaf canopy, and the angle between the lower fruiting branches is greater than that between the upper fruiting branches. While increasing the number of fruiting branches, it can make full use of three-dimensional space resources, improve the total photosynthetic efficiency of leaves per unit area and the utilization rate of per unit land area.

[0042] 3. This tree shape uses two trees with double trunks planted in the same planting pit, which can better utilize the diversity of grape varieties. The upper and lower layers are matched with varieties with different fruit colors, shapes and ripening periods, which not only improves the ornamental value of the vineyard, but also extends the grape picking and harvesting period, and can significantly improve the economic benefits of grape sightseeing and picking gardens.

[0043] 4. The planting method of two trees in the same pit, combined with the standardized trunk and main vine cultivation process, makes tree shaping more standardized and faster. The trees can bear fruit in the second year after planting and enter the stable production stage in the third year. Growers can quickly obtain benefits and reduce planting cycle costs.

[0044] The following are preferred embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, and the technical effects of the present invention are explained accordingly.

[0045] Example 1 The improved double-Y tree structure suitable for grape sightseeing and picking constructed in this embodiment is described in the following figure. Figure 2 As shown, there are two parallel and closely spaced upright main stems 1 (first main stem) and 2 (second main stem), with a vertical height difference of 65 cm. Two main vines, 3 and 4, extend in opposite directions along the row from the first main stem 1. Two main vines, 5 and 6, extend in opposite directions along the row from the second main stem 2. All main vines are parallel to each other, with an angle of 95° between the main stems and the main vines. Fruiting branches 7 and 8 on the first and second main vines form a Y-shaped canopy with an angle of 115°, while the Y-shaped canopy formed by fruiting branches 9 and 10 on the third and fourth main vines has an angle of 85°. The interval between fruiting branches on all main vines is 18 cm. The fruiting branches on the first and second main vines are 92 cm long, and the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines are 88 cm long.

[0046] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for constructing an improved double-Y tree structure suitable for grape sightseeing and picking. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Selection and planting of seedlings Select robust, well-developed root systems and free from pests and diseases, first-grade grape seedlings; plan planting pits with a row spacing of 4 meters and a plant spacing of 2 meters. The dimensions of the planting pits are 60cm × 60cm × 50cm (length × width × depth). Plant two healthy grape seedlings in each planting pit at the same time (the two seedlings are 20cm apart, and the roots are naturally spread out without crossing). After backfilling the soil and compacting it, water the pits to settle the roots and complete the planting.

[0047] 2. Cultivation of the main stem and main vine For two seedlings planted in the same planting pit, after budding in the first spring, cultivate the first main trunk and main vine separately, and the second main trunk and main vine separately, as follows: Cultivation of the first main trunk and main vine of the seedling: After the seedling sprouts in spring, select a strong new shoot to grow upright. When the new shoot reaches 66cm in length, pinch off the tip to cultivate it into the first upright main trunk. The two nearby lateral shoots below the pinched tip of the main trunk extend in the opposite direction of the row and are cultivated into the first and second main vines, each 102cm in length. The angle between the main trunk and the main vine is 95°. All other lateral shoots on the first main trunk are removed.

[0048] Cultivation of the second seedling's main trunk and main vine: After the seedling sprouts in spring, select a strong new shoot to grow upright. When the new shoot reaches 130cm in length, pinch off the tip to cultivate it into the second upright main trunk. The two nearby lateral shoots below the pinched tip of the main trunk extend in the opposite direction of the row to cultivate into the third and fourth main vines, each 98cm in length. The angle between the main trunk and the main vine is 90°. All other lateral shoots on the second main trunk are removed.

[0049] 3. Cultivation of fruiting branches In the second year, winter buds sprout on the main vine. New shoots are pruned and thinned at 20cm intervals, and the tips are pinched off. Ultimately, the length of fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is controlled at 90-95cm, and the length of fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is controlled at 85-90cm. The angle between the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is 120°; the angle between the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is 90°.

[0050] 4. Winter pruning During winter pruning, all branches on the main vine with a base thickness of 0.8cm or more and free from pests and diseases should be shortened, leaving 2-3 buds, to serve as fruiting mother branches for the following year. All other branches should be removed from the base, thus completing the tree shape training.

[0051] 5. Load control Based on the target yield, the number of ears to be retained is determined by working backwards. The number of ears to be retained is allocated according to the following ratio: 55% for the lower main vines (first and second main vines) and 45% for the upper main vines (third and fourth main vines). The specific operation is as follows: (1) Basic calculation: Based on 70 plants per mu, the number of bunches per plant should be 26-29 in the second year and 36-39 in the third year and thereafter. The weight of a single bunch of fresh grapes should be controlled at 500-600g. (2) Thinning flowers and fruits: Only retain the first inflorescence on the fruiting branch and remove all other inflorescences. Remove inflorescences exceeding the number of spikes to be retained 7 days before the flowering period. During the peak flowering period, pinch off 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the spike tip and remove excess secondary spikes. Remove deformed and small fruits 20 days after the flowers wither to ensure that the distance between fruits is ≥2cm. (3) Branch and shoot management: Pinch the fruiting branches with 6-8 leaves above the inflorescence, and pinch the vegetative branches with 8-10 leaves to ensure a leaf-to-fruit ratio of ≥20:1; (4) Fertilizer and water management: In the second year, apply 3000 kg / mu of well-rotted farmyard manure + 50 kg / mu of compound fertilizer, and apply 30 kg / mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer during the fruit expansion period; in the third year and thereafter, apply 4000 kg / mu of well-rotted farmyard manure + 80 kg / mu of compound fertilizer, and apply 30 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer during the coloring period; maintain soil moisture at 65-70% during the fruit expansion period, and control water to 50%-60% during the ripening period. Finally, control the grape fruit load in the second year to 950-1000 kg / mu; and control the grape fruit load in the third year and thereafter to 1300-1400 kg / mu.

[0052] Example 3 This embodiment selects the Eurasian Victoria grape and the European and American Baoguang grape, and constructs an improved double-Y tree shape suitable for sightseeing and picking under open-field conditions. The specific steps include: 1. Selection and planting of seedlings Select healthy, robust Victoria and Baoguang grade 1 grape seedlings with well-developed root systems and free from pests and diseases; plan planting pits with a row spacing of 4 meters and a plant spacing of 2 meters. The dimensions of the planting pits are 60cm×60cm×50cm (length×width×depth). Plant one Victoria grape seedling and one Baoguang grape seedling in each planting pit at the same time (the two seedlings are 20cm apart, and the roots are naturally spread out without crossing). After backfilling the soil and compacting it, water the pits to settle the roots and complete the planting.

[0053] 2. Cultivation of the main stem and main vine For Victoria and Baoguang grape seedlings within the same planting pit, after bud break in the first spring, the first main trunk, main vine, and second main trunk and main vine are cultivated separately, as detailed below: Victoria grape seedlings (first main trunk): After the seedlings sprout in spring, select one strong new shoot to grow upright. When the new shoot reaches 65-70cm in length, pinch off the tip to cultivate it into the first upright main trunk. The two nearest lateral shoots below the pinched tip of the main trunk extend in the opposite direction of the row and are cultivated into the first and second main vines, each 95-105cm in length. The angle between the main trunk and the main vine is 90-100°. All other lateral shoots on the first main trunk are removed.

[0054] Baoguang grape seedlings (second main trunk): After the seedlings sprout in spring, select a strong new shoot to grow upright. When the new shoot reaches 125-130cm in length, pinch off the tip to cultivate it into the second upright main trunk. The two nearest lateral shoots below the pinched tip of the main trunk extend in the opposite direction of the row and are cultivated into the third and fourth main vines, each 90-100cm in length. The angle between the main trunk and the main vine is 90-100°. All other lateral shoots on the second main trunk are removed.

[0055] 3. Cultivation of fruiting branches In the second year, winter buds sprout on the main vine. New shoots are pruned and thinned at intervals of 15-20cm, and the tips of the new shoots are pinched off. Ultimately, the length of fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is controlled at 90-95cm, and the length of fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is controlled at 85-90cm. The angle between the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is 120°; the angle between the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is 80°.

[0056] 4. Winter pruning During winter pruning, all branches on the main vine with a base thickness of 0.8cm or more and free from pests and diseases should be shortened, leaving 2-3 buds, to serve as fruiting mother branches for the following year. All other branches should be removed from the base, thus completing the tree shape training.

[0057] 5. Load control Based on the target yield, the number of ears to be retained is determined by working backwards. The number of ears to be retained is allocated according to the following ratio: 55% for Victoria (lower layer) and 45% for Baoguang (upper layer). The specific operation is as follows: (1) Basic calculation: Based on a row spacing of 4 meters and a plant spacing of 2 meters, with 83 plants per mu, the second year, each plant should retain 20-25 ears (11-14 ears in the lower layer and 9-11 ears in the upper layer), and the third year and thereafter, each plant should retain 30-35 ears (17-19 ears in the lower layer and 13-16 ears in the upper layer). The weight of each ear of Victoria and Baoguang should be controlled at 500-550g. (2) Thinning flowers and fruits: Victoria is a Eurasian species, retain the first inflorescence on the 5th to 6th node of the new shoot; Baoguang is a European and American species, retain the first inflorescence on the 3rd to 4th node of the new shoot, and remove all other inflorescences; remove inflorescences exceeding the number of spikes to be retained 7 days before flowering; pinch off 1 / 5 of the spike tip and remove excess secondary spikes from the peak flowering period to 3 days after flowering; remove deformed fruits, small fruits and diseased fruits 15 days after flowering to ensure that the distance between fruits is ≥2cm; (3) Shoot control: Pinch the fruiting branches with 6-7 leaves above the inflorescence, and pinch the vegetative branches with 8-9 leaves to ensure that the Victoria branch-to-fruit ratio is ≥1:2, the Baoguang branch-to-fruit ratio is ≥1:3, and the overall leaf-to-fruit ratio is ≥20:1; only the top 1 lateral shoot is retained and pinched repeatedly with 2 leaves, and all other lateral shoots are removed. (4) Fertilizer and water management: In the second year, apply 3000 kg / mu of well-rotted farmyard manure + 50 kg / mu of compound fertilizer, apply 20 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate during flowering, and apply 30 kg / mu of NPK compound fertilizer during fruit expansion; In the third year and thereafter, apply 4000 kg / mu of well-rotted farmyard manure + 80 kg / mu of compound fertilizer, apply 25 kg / mu of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during flowering, apply 50 kg / mu of compound fertilizer during fruit expansion, and apply 30 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer during coloring; During fruit expansion, maintain soil moisture at 60%–70%, and control water to 50%–60% during ripening; (5) Dynamic adjustment: After fruit set, check regularly. If the fruit set rate is less than 80%, retain the second inflorescence of some strong fruiting branches. If the fruit set rate is higher than 95%, thin out the excessively dense small fruit clusters. Finally, control the grape fruit load in the second year at 900-1000 kg / mu; and control the grape fruit load in the third year and thereafter at 1400-1500 kg / mu.

[0058] In this embodiment, Victoria grapes are greenish-yellow with oblong berries and are an early-to-mid-ripening variety; Baoguang grapes are purplish-black with oval berries and ripen about 7 days later than Victoria. By using an improved double-Y vine training system, these two varieties not only meet the requirements of easy mechanized management, high space utilization, and fewer pests and diseases in grape-growing orchards, but also feature different fruit colors, shapes, and ripening periods in the upper and lower layers. This significantly enhances the ornamental value of the grapes while extending the harvest period. Furthermore, through standardized load control methods, precise control of fruit yield is achieved, resulting in high and stable yields with excellent quality, which can significantly improve the economic benefits of grape-growing orchards.

[0059] To verify the superiority of the improved double-Y tree shape of this invention in meeting both tourism needs and high yield, as well as the effectiveness of the load control method, three core comparative examples were set up. All comparative examples were carried out in a 1-acre experimental field with the same plot, climate, management level, variety combination (Victoria + Baoguang), and planting density of 4m×2m as Example 3. Only the tree shape structure and planting and cultivation mode were changed. Load control adopted traditional empirical operation. Data were measured and collected for three consecutive years in the same dimensions as Example 3 to achieve single variable control.

[0060] Comparative Example 1 (Traditional Y-shaped tree form with trellis) The tree structure construction method for this comparison is as follows: 1. Selection and planting of seedlings: Select healthy, robust, and disease-free Victoria and Baoguang grade 1 grape seedlings. Plan the planting pits with a row spacing of 4 meters and a plant spacing of 2 meters. Only one seedling should be planted in each planting pit. Victoria and Baoguang seedlings should be planted alternately. After backfilling the soil and compacting it, water the seedlings to settle the roots and complete the planting.

[0061] 2. Tree shape training: Single main trunk structure, with a main trunk height of 95cm. Two main vines extending in opposite directions are cultivated on the main trunk. The angle between the fruiting branches on the main vines is uniformly 90°, with a single layer of Y-shaped leaf canopy. The fruiting branches are spaced 18cm apart and are 90cm long.

[0062] 3. Management measures: Bud removal and shoot thinning, winter pruning are completely consistent with Example 3. The load control adopts traditional empirical flower and fruit thinning, without clear instructions on the number of spikes to be retained and the proportion of fruit thinning. The planned load for the second year is 800-1000 kg / mu, and the planned load for the third year and thereafter is 1300-1500 kg / mu.

[0063] Comparative Example 2 (Multi-main-vine fan-shaped tree under trellis) The tree structure construction method for this comparison is as follows: (1) Selection and planting of seedlings: In accordance with Comparative Example 1, one seedling was planted in each planting pit, with Victoria and Baoguang seedlings planted alternately.

[0064] (2) Tree-shaped cultivation: There is no fixed main trunk. Four main vines are cultivated in a fan-shaped disordered distribution. The fruiting branches have no fixed angle and a single-layer planar leaf canopy. The fruiting branches have no uniform length control and grow naturally.

[0065] (3) Management measures: Except for tree pruning, the other bud removal and fertilization are completely consistent with Example 3. The load control adopts traditional experience operation without standardized steps. The planned load in the second year is 800-1000 kg / mu, and the planned load in the third year and thereafter is 1300-1500 kg / mu.

[0066] Comparative Example 3 (T-shaped tree with high trunk under a pergola) The tree structure construction method for this comparative example is as follows: (1) Selection and planting of seedlings: In accordance with Comparative Example 1, one seedling was planted in each planting pit, with Victoria and Baoguang seedlings planted alternately.

[0067] (2) Tree shape cultivation: single tall main trunk structure, the main trunk height is 1.9m, and two horizontally extending main vines are cultivated at the top to form a T shape, with a single layer of planar leaf canopy; the fruiting branches are spaced 18cm apart and 90cm long.

[0068] (3) Management measures: The same as in Example 3. The load control adopts traditional empirical thinning of flowers and fruits, without clear allocation of the number of ears to be retained and the proportion. The planned load in the second year is 800-1000 kg / mu, and the planned load in the third year and thereafter is 1300-1500 kg / mu.

[0069] Comparison of actual measured data between the examples and the comparative examples All experimental groups were cultivated continuously for 3 years. The core data of the third year's stable production stage were used as the basis for comparison. Actual measured data were collected from two core dimensions: yield and fruit quality, and sightseeing value. All data were actual measured values ​​of 1 mu of experimental field, as shown in Tables 1-2.

[0070] Table 1: Comparison of measured data on yield and fruit quality (third year, stable yield stage)

[0071] Table 2: Comparison of Actual Tourism Performance Data (Third Year, Stable Production Stage)

[0072] As shown in the table above, the improved double-Y tree shape and its construction method of this invention have been verified by field tests. Compared with the currently mainstream traditional Y-shaped trellis, multi-main-vine fan-shaped, and high-trunk T-shaped trellis trees, it has achieved significant advantages through the structural innovation of double-trunk double-layer leaf canopy and standardized load control method. In terms of yield and quality: Example 3 achieved a yield of 1450 kg / mu per unit area, far exceeding the comparative proportions, and the yield fluctuation range was only 5%, achieving high and stable yield, with a high fruit marketability rate and a small coefficient of variation in single bunch weight; while the comparative proportions, due to the use of traditional empirical load control, had actual yields far lower than the planned values ​​and large fluctuation ranges.

[0073] In terms of tourism: Example 3 has high uniformity of fruit bunches, ergonomically adapted picking height, and an extended picking cycle of 28 days. The picking efficiency (min / kg) of individual tourists is higher, which is far superior to the other pairs.

[0074] In summary, this invention truly achieves a balance between high yield, strong ornamental value, and a superior picking experience. Its load control method is standardized, highly operable, and adapted to the structural characteristics of the improved double-Y tree shape, effectively ensuring stable yield. It solves the problem of the lack of practical methods for load control in traditional tree shapes, and is suitable for the core production and operation needs of grape sightseeing and picking gardens. It is suitable for large-scale promotion and application in grape sightseeing and picking production areas across the country.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions, or combinations of technical features in the above embodiments that do not conflict with each other, can be made in accordance with the manner described in the embodiments. These modifications, substitutions or combinations do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an improved double-Y tree structure suitable for grape sightseeing and picking, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1, Seedling selection and planting: Select robust, well-developed root systems and free from pests and diseases, first-grade grape seedlings; plan planting pits with a row spacing of 4-4.5 meters and a plant spacing of 2-2.5 meters, and plant two healthy grape seedlings in each planting pit at the same time. After backfilling the soil and compacting it, water the seedlings to settle the roots and complete the planting. Step 2, Cultivation of main trunk and main vine: For the two seedlings in the same planting pit in Step 1, after sprouting in the spring of the first year, cultivate the first main trunk and main vine and the second main trunk and main vine respectively; the two seedlings may be of the same or different varieties; Step 3, Cultivation of fruiting branches: In the second year, the winter buds that sprout on the main vine are removed and the shoots are fixed and the tips are pinched to control the length and angle of the fruiting branches. Step 4, Winter Pruning: In winter, select the branches on the main vine, keep the qualified branches and prune them back to serve as fruiting mother branches, and remove the rest of the branches. Step 5, control of fruit load: retain the first inflorescence on the fruiting branch, remove the remaining inflorescences, and control the fruit load of grapes by year.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the planting pit is dug with dimensions of length × width × depth = 60cm × 60cm × 50cm. The distance between two seedlings in the same planting pit is 20cm, and the seedling roots are ensured to spread out naturally and not cross each other during planting.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, when planting the seedlings, grape varieties with different fruit colors, shapes, and ripening periods are selected in the same planting pit, and the first and second main trunks are cultivated respectively. By using the upper and lower two-layer tree shapes to match different varieties, the ornamental value is enhanced and the harvesting period is extended.

4. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the cultivation of the first seedling's main trunk and main vine is as follows: After the seedling sprouts in spring, select a strong new shoot to grow upright. When the new shoot reaches 65-70cm in length, pinch off the tip to cultivate it into the first upright main trunk. The two nearest lateral shoots below the pinched tip of the main trunk extend in opposite directions in the direction of the row to cultivate them into the first and second main vines, each 95-105cm in length. The angle between the main trunk and the main vine is 90-100°. All other lateral shoots on the first main trunk are removed.

5. The construction method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, In step 2, the cultivation of the second seedling's main trunk and main vine is as follows: After the seedling sprouts in spring, select a strong new shoot to grow upright. When the new shoot reaches 125-130cm in length, pinch off the tip to cultivate it into the second upright main trunk. The two nearby lateral shoots below the pinched tip of the main trunk extend in the opposite direction of the row to cultivate them into the third and fourth main vines, each 90-100cm in length. The angle between the main trunk and the main vine is 90-100°. All other lateral shoots on the second main trunk are removed.

6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the specific operation of bud removal and shoot setting is as follows: new shoots are retained at a distance of 15-20cm. After pinching, the length of the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is controlled at 90-95cm, and the length of the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is controlled at 85-90cm. The angle between the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is 110-120°, and the angle between the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is 80-90°.

7. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the standard for qualified branches is that the thickness of the base of the branch reaches 0.8cm or more and there are no diseases or pests. The specific pruning operation is to prune back to 2-3 buds and remove all other branches from the base.

8. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5, the first inflorescence of Eurasian grapes grows on the 5th or 6th node of the new shoot, while the first inflorescence of European and American grapes grows on the 3rd or 4th node of the new shoot; the grape fruit load in the second year is controlled at 800-1000 kg, and the grape fruit load in the third year and thereafter is controlled at 1300-1500 kg.

9. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The improved double-Y tree structure includes two parallel and closely spaced upright trunks, namely the first trunk and the second trunk, with a vertical height difference of 60-70 cm between them. Two main vines, the first and second, extend in opposite directions along the row, while two main vines, the third and fourth, extend in opposite directions along the row, on the first trunk. The first, second, third, and fourth main vines are parallel to each other, and the angle between the trunks and vines is 90-100°. Fruiting branches are intermittently cultivated on each of the first, second, third, and fourth main vines. These fruiting branches are trained to form a Y-shaped canopy by stringing. The angle of the Y-shape formed by the fruiting branches on the first and second main vines is 110-120°, and the angle of the Y-shape formed by the fruiting branches on the third and fourth main vines is 80-90°.

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